CN114750469A - Anti-elastic composite material containing negative Poisson's ratio ceramic structure and preparation method - Google Patents
Anti-elastic composite material containing negative Poisson's ratio ceramic structure and preparation method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides an anti-elastic composite material containing a negative Poisson's ratio ceramic structure, wherein a ceramic block layer is arranged between an upper panel and a lower panel, and the ceramic block layer is a negative Poisson's ratio structure consisting of a plurality of ceramic units; the ceramic unit is in an hourglass-shaped structure, and the horizontal section of the ceramic unit is in a regular polygon shape; gaps among the ceramic units are filled with a polyurethane structural adhesive layer, and ceramic particles are mixed in the polyurethane structural adhesive layer. The invention also provides a method for preparing the anti-elastic composite material, which comprises the steps of preparing an upper panel and a lower panel, and preparing ceramic powder into a ceramic block layer with a negative Poisson's ratio structure; preparing polyurethane structural adhesive, and filling gaps of ceramic particles with the polyurethane structural adhesive to prepare a polyurethane structural adhesive layer; installing the polyurethane structural adhesive layer in the ceramic block layer to obtain a composite middle layer; and adhering the three layers by using polyurethane structural adhesive to obtain the anti-elastic composite material. The invention solves the problem that the maneuverability of equipment is reduced due to the heavy weight of the traditional elastic-resistant material.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of protective equipment, in particular to an anti-elastic composite material containing a negative Poisson's ratio ceramic structure and a preparation method thereof.
Background
It is generally accepted that almost all materials have a positive poisson's ratio and that when stretched, the material shrinks laterally. Negative poisson's ratio materials expand laterally when stretched and contract laterally when compressed. The existence of the negative Poisson's ratio effect can endow the material with some special properties, and has incomparable advantages of other materials in many aspects. The ceramic reinforced resin-based anti-elastic composite material is widely applied to many fields, such as armed helicopters, tank armored vehicles, ships, defense works and the like, and especially armed equipment such as helicopter, tank armored vehicles and the like, if the weight of the armed equipment is large, the maneuverability of the equipment is influenced. In this respect, it is therefore desirable to have a better resistance to springing and a lighter weight, minimizing the problems of reduced mobility due to the increased protection of the equipment. Therefore, it is necessary to invent an anti-elastic composite material containing a negative poisson's ratio ceramic structure and a preparation method thereof.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an anti-elastic composite material containing a negative Poisson's ratio ceramic structure and a preparation method thereof, which can realize lighter weight and better anti-elastic performance under the condition of ensuring the protection capability of equipment.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problem is as follows:
an anti-elastic composite material containing a negative Poisson's ratio ceramic structure comprises an upper panel and a lower panel which are arranged from top to bottom, wherein a ceramic block layer is arranged between the upper panel and the lower panel, and the ceramic block layer is of a negative Poisson's ratio structure consisting of a plurality of ceramic units; the ceramic unit is of an hourglass-shaped structure, and the horizontal section of the ceramic unit is a regular polygon; gaps among the ceramic units are filled with a polyurethane structural adhesive layer, and ceramic particles are mixed in the polyurethane structural adhesive layer.
Furthermore, the included angle alpha of the thin waist of the hourglass-shaped structure of the ceramic unit is 135-160 degrees.
Further, the height of the ceramic unit is 8-30 mm.
Further, the ceramic unit and the ceramic particles are made of one of alumina ceramic, silicon carbide ceramic, boron nitride ceramic and titanium boride ceramic.
Furthermore, the ceramic particles are ceramic round balls or ceramic cylinders; the diameter of the ceramic cylinder is 5 mm-10 mm, and the height and the diameter of the ceramic cylinder are the same.
Further, the polyurethane structural adhesive in the polyurethane structural adhesive layer is formed by mixing two-component polyurethane adhesive of Macroplast UK 8103 and Macroplast UK 5400 in a weight ratio of 4: 1.
Furthermore, the upper panel and the lower panel are made of one of aramid fiber, PBO fiber, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber and glass fiber reinforced epoxy resin matrix composite; the thickness of the upper panel or the lower panel is 2-20 mm.
The invention also provides a method for preparing the bulletproof composite material containing the negative Poisson's ratio ceramic structure, which comprises the following steps:
preparing an upper panel and a lower panel by hot pressing one of aramid fiber, PBO fiber, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber and glass fiber reinforced epoxy resin matrix composite materials, and sanding the surfaces of the upper panel and the lower panel;
hot-pressing and sintering the ceramic powder into a ceramic block layer with a negative Poisson's ratio structure;
soaking the ceramic block layer in a surface treating agent mixed by a silane coupling agent, glacial acetic acid, water and alcohol for 1-2 hours, and then airing the ceramic block layer for later use;
soaking the ceramic particles in the surface treatment agent for 1-2 hours, then drying, and fully placing the ceramic balls in a mould; then, mixing and stirring two-component polyurethane glue with the weight ratio of 4:1, namely, macrocast UK 8103 and macrocast UK 5400 to uniformly prepare polyurethane structural glue, introducing the polyurethane structural glue into gaps filled with ceramic particles in a mould, and curing for later use to prepare a polyurethane structural glue layer;
Mounting the polyurethane structural adhesive layer in the ceramic block layer with the negative Poisson's ratio structure to obtain a composite middle layer;
and (3) adhering the upper panel, the lower panel and the composite middle layer by using polyurethane structural adhesive, vacuumizing to apply pressure, and curing for 3-5 hours to obtain the bulletproof composite material containing the negative Poisson's ratio ceramic structure.
Further, in the above step, the ceramic block layer is burned for 1.5 to 3 hours at 900 to 1000 ℃ before being soaked with the surface treatment agent.
Further, in the step, the weight ratio of the components of the mixed solution of the silane coupling agent, the glacial acetic acid, the water and the alcohol is 1: 0.1-0.2: 0.05-0.1.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the anti-elastic composite material containing the negative Poisson's ratio ceramic structure is light in weight, and under the same protection condition, the weight of the anti-elastic composite material is reduced by 15-20% compared with that of a common ceramic composite armor, and is reduced by 40-55% compared with that of a homogeneous armor steel material, and on the premise of the same weight, the anti-elastic performance of the anti-elastic composite material is improved by more than 20% compared with that of the common ceramic composite armor, and is improved by more than 50% compared with that of the homogeneous armor steel material; the composite material has good elasticity resistance, strong designability and designable protection level, and can effectively protect common bombs with the diameter of 7.62mm to armor-piercing combustion bombs with the diameter of 14.5 mm.
The invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the drawings and examples.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of an anti-ballistic composite material containing a negative Poisson's ratio ceramic structure according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the included angle α of the ceramic unit according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a top view of a ceramic unit of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a side view of a ceramic unit of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a horizontal sectional view of the ceramic unit of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The bulletproof composite material containing the negative Poisson's ratio ceramic structure shown in FIG. 1 comprises an upper panel 1 and a lower panel 4 which are arranged from top to bottom, wherein a ceramic block layer 2 is arranged between the upper panel 1 and the lower panel 4, and the ceramic block layer 2 is a negative Poisson's ratio structure consisting of a plurality of ceramic units; the ceramic unit is of an hourglass-shaped structure, the horizontal section of the ceramic unit is a regular polygon, and as shown in fig. 3 to 5, the horizontal section of the ceramic unit is one of a regular triangle, a regular quadrangle, a regular pentagon and a regular hexagon; gaps among the ceramic units are filled with polyurethane structural adhesive layers 3, and ceramic particles are mixed in the polyurethane structural adhesive layers 3. The polyurethane structure glue layer 3 has good elasticity, and when the negative Poisson ratio structure ceramic is impacted by the projectile to deform, the polyurethane structure glue layer 3 generates elastic deformation, so that the energy transmitted by the deformation of the ceramic is further absorbed, and the anti-elasticity performance of the composite anti-elastic plate is improved. Due to the existence of the ceramic ball and the ceramic cylinder, when the composite bullet plate is impacted by the bullet, the ceramic ball and the ceramic cylinder are broken, the energy of the bullet is consumed, and the anti-elasticity performance of the composite bullet plate is further improved.
Preferably, in combination with the above scheme, as shown in fig. 2, an included angle α at a thin waist of the hourglass-shaped structure of the ceramic unit is 135-160 degrees. In the range of the included angle, the negative Poisson ratio value of the ceramic structure is-1.5 to-0.35.
Preferably, in combination with the above scheme, in order to ensure better anti-elasticity performance and achieve optimal matching of height, weight and anti-elasticity performance, the height of the ceramic unit is 8-30 mm.
Preferably, the weight and the elastic resistance can be optimally matched by combining the scheme, and the ceramic unit and the ceramic particles are made of one of alumina ceramic, silicon carbide ceramic, boron nitride ceramic and titanium boride ceramic.
Preferably, in combination with the above scheme, in order to improve the anti-elastic performance of the composite anti-elastic plate, the ceramic particles are ceramic spheres or ceramic cylinders; the diameter of the ceramic cylinder is 5 mm-10 mm, and the height and the diameter of the ceramic cylinder are the same.
Preferably, in combination with the above scheme, in order to improve the anti-elastic performance and the adhesion performance of the composite anti-elastic plate, the polyurethane structure glue in the polyurethane structure glue layer 3 is formed by mixing two components of polyurethane glue, namely, macrocast UK 8103 and macrocast UK 5400 in a weight ratio of 4: 1. When the weight ratio is 4:1, the two-component polyurethane adhesive can be completely cured.
Preferably, in combination with the above solutions, in order to provide the overall stiffness of the panel and improve the ballistic resistance and the resistance of the panel to ceramic fragments, the materials of the upper panel 1 and the lower panel 4 are all one of aramid fibers (Kevlar 129/Kevlar 149 may be used), PBO fibers (PBO-AS fibers may be used), ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fibers (UHMWPE), and glass fiber reinforced epoxy resin-based composite materials (3240 epoxy plate may be used); the thickness of the upper panel 1 or the lower panel 4 is 2-20 mm.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the anti-elastic composite material containing the negative Poisson's ratio ceramic structure, which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps of preparing an upper panel and a lower panel by utilizing one of aramid fiber, PBO fiber, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber and glass fiber reinforced epoxy resin matrix composite materials through hot pressing, and sanding the surfaces of the upper panel and the lower panel to increase the adhesion effect;
pouring ceramic powder into a mould, and performing hot-pressing sintering to form a ceramic block layer with a negative Poisson's ratio structure;
soaking the ceramic block layer in a surface treating agent mixed by a silane coupling agent, glacial acetic acid, water and alcohol for 1-2 hours, and then airing the ceramic block layer for later use to further increase the surface adhesion of the ceramic; as the silane coupling agent, KH570 can be used.
Soaking the ceramic particles in the surface treatment agent for 1-2 hours, then drying the ceramic particles, increasing the adhesion of the ceramic surface, and fully placing ceramic balls in a mould; then, mixing and stirring two-component polyurethane glue with the weight ratio of 4:1, namely, macrocast UK 8103 and macrocast UK 5400 to uniformly prepare polyurethane structural glue, introducing the polyurethane structural glue into gaps filled with ceramic particles in a mould, and curing for later use to prepare a polyurethane structural glue layer;
mounting the polyurethane structural adhesive layer in the ceramic block layer with the negative Poisson's ratio structure to obtain a composite middle layer;
and adhering the upper panel, the lower panel and the composite middle layer through polyurethane structural adhesive, vacuumizing, applying pressure, compacting, removing bubbles, uniformly distributing the polyurethane structural adhesive, and curing for 3-5 hours to obtain the anti-elastic composite material containing the negative Poisson's ratio ceramic structure.
Preferably, in combination with the above scheme, the ceramic block layer is burned for 1.5-3 hours at 900-1000 ℃ before being soaked with the surface treatment agent, so as to increase the bonding property of the ceramic surface.
Preferably, in combination with the above scheme, in order to better increase the adhesive property of the ceramic surface, the weight ratio of the silane coupling agent, the glacial acetic acid, the water and the alcohol is 1: 0.1-0.2: 0.05-0.1.
The following aramid fibers are taken as examples, and the surface density is 400g/m2The aramid fiber of (1) is prepared by using an EVA plastic material as a resin matrix, calculating according to the mass content of 65% of the aramid fiber, forming 35 layers of aramid fiber, and hot-pressing an upper panel and a lower panel of the aramid fiber resin matrix composite material with the thickness of 10mm in a hot-pressing tank; then the boron carbide ceramic powder is sintered into a ceramic block layer with a negative Poisson ratio structure by hot pressing, and the ceramic unit with the negative Poisson ratio structure and the positive quadrilateral top surface is prepared into a ceramic block layer with an overall surface density of about 95kg/m by the method of the embodiment2After the ballistic resistant composite material of (1) and at an angle of incidence of 0 degrees, a 12.7mm armor-piercing projectile fired at a distance of 30m, in contrast to the 25mm high hardness armor steel face, test data for the density reduction value after the composite material was struck:
in the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
The invention has been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is to be understood that the invention is not limited in its application to the details of construction and to the arrangements of the components set forth in the following description, since various modifications may be made without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. An anti-elastic composite material containing a negative Poisson ratio ceramic structure comprises an upper panel (1) and a lower panel (4) which are arranged from top to bottom, and is characterized in that a ceramic block layer (2) is arranged between the upper panel (1) and the lower panel (4), and the ceramic block layer (2) is a negative Poisson ratio structure formed by splicing a plurality of ceramic units; the ceramic unit is of an hourglass-shaped structure, and the horizontal section of the ceramic unit is a regular polygon; gaps among the ceramic units are filled with polyurethane structural adhesive layers (3), and ceramic particles are mixed in the polyurethane structural adhesive layers (3).
2. The ballistic resistant composite material containing a negative poisson's ratio ceramic structure of claim 1, wherein the included angle α at the thin waist of the hourglass-shaped structure of the ceramic unit is 135-160 degrees.
3. The ballistic resistant composite material containing a negative poisson's ratio ceramic structure of claim 1, wherein the height of the ceramic unit is 8-30 mm.
4. The ballistic resistant composite material containing a negative poisson's ratio ceramic structure of claim 1, wherein the material of the ceramic elements and ceramic particles is one of alumina ceramics, silicon carbide ceramics, boron nitride ceramics, titanium boride ceramics.
5. The ballistic resistant composite material containing a negative poisson's ratio ceramic structure of claim 1, wherein the ceramic particles are ceramic spheres or ceramic cylinders, the diameter of the ceramic spheres being 5-10 mm; the diameter of the ceramic cylinder is 5 mm-10 mm, and the height and the diameter of the ceramic cylinder are the same.
6. The anti-elastic composite material containing the negative Poisson's ratio ceramic structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the polyurethane structure glue in the polyurethane structure glue layer (3) is formed by mixing two-component polyurethane glue consisting of Macroplast UK 8103 and Macroplast UK 5400 in a weight ratio of 4: 1.
7. The anti-elastic composite material containing the negative Poisson's ratio ceramic structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the materials of the upper panel (1) and the lower panel (4) are all one of aramid fiber, PBO fiber, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber and glass fiber reinforced epoxy resin matrix composite material; the thickness of the upper panel (1) or the lower panel (4) is 2-20 mm.
8. A method of making the ballistic resistant composite material of claim 1 comprising the steps of:
(a) preparing an upper panel and a lower panel by using one of aramid fiber, PBO fiber, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber and glass fiber reinforced epoxy resin matrix composite materials through hot pressing, and sanding the surfaces of the upper panel and the lower panel;
(b) hot-pressing and sintering the ceramic powder into a ceramic block layer with a negative Poisson's ratio structure;
(c) soaking the ceramic block layer in a surface treating agent mixed by a silane coupling agent, glacial acetic acid, water and alcohol for 1-2 hours, and then airing the ceramic block layer for later use;
(d) soaking the ceramic particles in the surface treatment agent for 1-2 hours, then drying, and fully placing the ceramic balls in a mould; mixing and uniformly stirring the two-component polyurethane glue with the weight ratio of 4:1 of the Macroplast UK 8103 to the Macroplast UK 5400 to prepare polyurethane structural glue, introducing the polyurethane structural glue into gaps filled with ceramic particles in a mould, and curing for later use to prepare a polyurethane structural glue layer;
(e) mounting a polyurethane structure adhesive layer in a ceramic block layer with a negative Poisson's ratio structure to obtain a composite middle layer;
(f) and adhering the upper panel, the lower panel and the composite middle layer by using polyurethane structural adhesive, vacuumizing to apply pressure, and curing for 3-5 hours to obtain the anti-elastic composite material containing the negative Poisson's ratio ceramic structure.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the ceramic block layer is burned at 900 to 1000 ℃ for 1.5 to 3 hours before the soaking with the surface treatment agent in the step (c).
10. The method of claim 8, wherein in steps (c) and (d), the weight ratio of the silane coupling agent to the glacial acetic acid to the mixed solution of water and alcohol is 1: 0.1-0.2: 0.05-0.1.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210311944.5A CN114750469A (en) | 2022-03-28 | 2022-03-28 | Anti-elastic composite material containing negative Poisson's ratio ceramic structure and preparation method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202210311944.5A CN114750469A (en) | 2022-03-28 | 2022-03-28 | Anti-elastic composite material containing negative Poisson's ratio ceramic structure and preparation method |
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| CN117306381A (en) * | 2023-10-08 | 2023-12-29 | 河北铁科翼辰新材科技有限公司 | Bridge waterproof polyurethane elastomer and preparation method and application thereof |
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