CN114749810B - Laser hole cutting method for carbon fiber composite material - Google Patents
Laser hole cutting method for carbon fiber composite material Download PDFInfo
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- CN114749810B CN114749810B CN202210322090.0A CN202210322090A CN114749810B CN 114749810 B CN114749810 B CN 114749810B CN 202210322090 A CN202210322090 A CN 202210322090A CN 114749810 B CN114749810 B CN 114749810B
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- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 229920002545 silicone oil Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 47
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 claims description 33
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 16
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 10
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000002679 ablation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLJMAIOERFSOGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M cyanate Chemical compound [O-]C#N XLJMAIOERFSOGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000032798 delamination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004205 dimethyl polysiloxane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000956 nontoxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 229920000435 poly(dimethylsiloxane) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- -1 polydimethylsiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/36—Removing material
- B23K26/38—Removing material by boring or cutting
- B23K26/382—Removing material by boring or cutting by boring
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/36—Removing material
- B23K26/40—Removing material taking account of the properties of the material involved
- B23K26/402—Removing material taking account of the properties of the material involved involving non-metallic material, e.g. isolators
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/60—Preliminary treatment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/70—Auxiliary operations or equipment
- B23K26/702—Auxiliary equipment
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06B—TREATING TEXTILE MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS, GASES OR VAPOURS
- D06B1/00—Applying liquids, gases or vapours onto textile materials to effect treatment, e.g. washing, dyeing, bleaching, sizing or impregnating
- D06B1/08—Applying liquids, gases or vapours onto textile materials to effect treatment, e.g. washing, dyeing, bleaching, sizing or impregnating from outlets being in, or almost in, contact with the textile material
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
- Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a laser hole cutting method for a carbon fiber composite material, which comprises the following steps: s1, dividing a carbon fiber composite material into a plurality of layers to be cut in the thickness direction; s2, arranging a plurality of concentric circular scanning tracks on each layer to be cut and in the range of the hole to be made; s3, sequentially finishing material stripping of each layer to be cut from top to bottom in the thickness direction by using the laser beam, and finally forming a through hole on the carbon fiber composite material. According to the invention, the Heat Affected Zone (HAZ) is reduced by coating the silicone oil on the surface of the carbon fiber composite material and combining an alternate scanning mode, and meanwhile, the silicone oil is uniformly and automatically coated by the coating device, so that the energy consumption and the manpower use are reduced, and the production efficiency is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of laser processing, and particularly relates to a laser hole cutting method for a carbon fiber composite material.
Background
Carbon fiber composite materials (CFRP) have been widely used in the fields of aerospace, automobile manufacturing, etc., and in the application process, machining such as drilling, milling, slotting, etc. is inevitably required for the CFRP materials.
At present, the main drilling method of the CFRP material is mechanical drilling, but delamination defects are easy to generate in the mechanical drilling process due to lower interlaminar shear strength of the carbon fiber cloth. In addition, mechanical drilling has surface defects such as burrs, voids, matrix debonding, fiber pullout, and severe tool wear.
Thus, a technical solution of CFRP material processing by laser, such as drilling, has been developed, which mainly allows the material to drill by absorbing laser energy, but since there is a great difference in properties between carbon fiber and matrix material, a Heat Affected Zone (HAZ) occurs during laser drilling, severely affecting the mechanical properties of the material.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a laser hole cutting method for a carbon fiber composite material, which reduces a Heat Affected Zone (HAZ) by coating silicone oil on the surface of the carbon fiber composite material and combining an alternate scanning mode, and simultaneously realizes uniform and automatic coating of the silicone oil by a coating device so as to reduce energy consumption and manpower use and improve production efficiency.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the laser hole cutting method for the carbon fiber composite material comprises the following steps:
s1, dividing a carbon fiber composite material into a plurality of layers to be cut in the thickness direction;
s2, arranging a plurality of concentric circular scanning tracks on each layer to be cut and in the range of the hole to be made;
s3, sequentially finishing material stripping of each layer to be cut from top to bottom in the thickness direction of the laser beam, and finally forming a through hole on the carbon fiber composite material;
the step S3 includes the steps of:
the laser beam scans along a circular scanning track on the former layer to be cut according to a preset scanning mode, after two adjacent scans are completed, materials between two different circular scanning tracks are stripped, and after all scans are executed according to the preset scanning mode, stripping of the materials on the layer to be cut is completed;
controlling the focal point of the laser beam to descend;
the laser beam scans along a circular scanning track on the next layer to be cut according to a preset scanning mode, after two adjacent scans are completed, materials between two different circular scanning tracks are stripped, and after all scans are executed according to the preset scanning mode, stripping of the materials on the layer to be cut is completed;
repeating the steps until the material of each layer to be cut is stripped, and finally forming a through hole on the carbon fiber composite material.
The beneficial effects of using the invention are as follows:
the heat accumulation effect is reduced by smearing silicone oil on the surface of the carbon fiber composite material and combining an alternate scanning mode, so that a heat affected zone is reduced;
the smearing device has simple structural design and comprehensive functions, can complete the vertical lifting and the reciprocating motion of a horizontal plane by only using one power source, reduces the energy consumption and the manpower use, and improves the production efficiency.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a laser beam in stripping a carbon fiber composite material from a different layer to be cut;
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of dividing concentric annular scan regions over a layer to be cut;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an alternate scan mode and a sequential scan mode;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of the smearing device;
FIG. 5 is an assembly schematic diagram of the first roller, the first lift shaft, and the first slide shaft;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of the reciprocating mechanism;
FIG. 7 is an assembled schematic view of a second roller, a second lift shaft, and a second slide shaft;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the movement path of the spray device and stage;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of a construction of a spray cartridge device;
fig. 10 is a schematic view of the oil outlet of the nozzle device when it is opened.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present technical solution more apparent, the present technical solution is further described in detail below in conjunction with the specific embodiments. It should be understood that the description is only illustrative and is not intended to limit the scope of the present technical solution.
The invention provides a laser hole cutting method for a carbon fiber composite material, which comprises the following steps:
s1, as shown in FIG. 1, dividing the carbon fiber composite material 100 into a plurality of layers to be cut in the thickness direction, such as L1, L2 and L3, wherein the thicknesses of the layers to be cut can be the same or different;
s2, as shown in FIG. 2, arranging a plurality of concentric circular scanning tracks C1, C2 and C3...Cn on each layer to be cut and in the range of the hole to be made;
s3, sequentially stripping the material of each layer to be cut from top to bottom (namely, the direction indicated by an arrow a in FIG. 1) in the thickness direction by a laser beam, and finally forming a through hole on the carbon fiber composite material 100, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
scanning the laser beam along a circular scanning track on a previous layer to be cut (such as a first layer to be cut) according to a preset scanning mode, stripping materials between two different circular scanning tracks under the effects of thermal ablation and mechanical ablation after two adjacent scans are completed, so as to generate annular grooves with a certain depth, and completing stripping of the materials on the layer to be cut after all the scans are executed according to the preset scanning mode;
controlling the focal point of the laser beam to descend;
the laser beam scans along a circular scanning track on the next layer to be cut (such as a second layer to be cut) according to a preset scanning mode, and after two adjacent scans are completed, materials between two different circular scanning tracks are stripped under the effects of thermal erosion and mechanical erosion so as to generate annular grooves with a certain depth, and after all scans are performed according to the preset scanning mode, stripping of the materials on the layer to be cut is completed;
repeating the steps until the material of each layer to be cut is stripped, and finally forming a through hole on the carbon fiber composite material.
Further, the predetermined scan pattern includes:
sequential scan mode (as shown in part (b) of fig. 3): setting the interval between every two adjacent circular scanning tracks as h, completing scanning of laser beams along each circular scanning track sequentially from outside to inside (namely, the direction indicated by an arrow c), wherein the scanning interval between every two adjacent scanning tracks is h;
and/or, a staggered scan pattern (as shown in part (a) of fig. 3): setting the interval between two adjacent circular scanning tracks as H, wherein the laser beams complete scanning along any one circular scanning track (such as C2, C4 and C3., and do not need to be performed according to a specific sequence from outside to inside) each time, and the scanning interval H=nh between two adjacent scanning tracks is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1 and is a fixed value;
for example, as shown in part (a) of fig. 3, the laser beam may sequentially perform scanning along the corresponding circular scanning tracks according to the sequence of C2-C1-C3-C4-C6-C7-C8 (scanning pitch h=h), or C1-C3-C5-C7 (scanning pitch h=2h), when the staggered scanning mode is adopted, it should be noted that the scanning pitch H may be preset in the staggered scanning mode.
On the basis, when the materials of different layers to be cut are stripped, the adopted preset scanning modes can be the same or different, for example, a sequential staggered scanning mode is adopted for the layer to be cut L1, a staggered scanning mode is adopted for the layer to be cut L2, or a staggered scanning mode is adopted for the layers to be cut L1 and L2, so that the scanning mode can be adjusted according to the effect of each layer to be cut after the materials are stripped, and a better drilling effect can be obtained.
In the invention, the technological parameters for carrying out laser hole cutting are as follows: the laser beam has 355nm wavelength, 50kHz repetition frequency, 170 muJ pulse energy, 12.7ns pulse duration, 37 mu m focusing spot diameter, 0.035mm drop distance of laser beam focus each time, 10 concentric ring scanning areas, 750-1750 mm/s scanning speed during laser beam scanning filling, 30-70 mu m scanning interval h, and the above process parameters can be adjusted at any time by a person skilled in the art.
Further, in step S3, before the first material stripping of the layer to be cut, silicone oil 111 is uniformly coated on the surface of the carbon fiber composite material 100 to form a silicone oil layer, wherein the thickness of the silicone oil layer is 0.05-1.5mm, and the silicone oil comprises polydimethylsiloxane.
The silicone oil has the characteristics of no toxicity, low foaming, small inertia, small surface tension and the like, when the laser beam acts on the surface of the CFRP material to strip the material, the silicone oil can separate oxygen, so that the laser beam lacks energy transfer medium when cutting holes, thereby achieving the effects of inhibiting matrix ablation, reducing a heat affected zone and obtaining smoother slotting side walls.
Further, according to the present invention, silicone oil is applied to the surface of the carbon fiber composite 100 by an applying device, as shown in fig. 4, the applying device includes:
a power source;
a stage 36 for carrying the carbon fiber composite material 100;
a spray cylinder device 37 for releasing silicone oil to the surface of the carbon fiber composite 100;
the reciprocating motion mechanism is connected with the spray cylinder device 37 and is used for driving the spray cylinder device to linearly move along a first direction (such as Y direction) on a horizontal plane;
the first lifting driving mechanism is connected with the power source;
a first lifting mechanism connected to the first lifting driving mechanism for controlling the reciprocating mechanism to start/stop movement;
a second lifting mechanism connected to the first lifting driving mechanism, for driving the stage 36 to move linearly along a second direction (e.g., X direction) on a horizontal plane;
the second lifting driving mechanism is connected with the power source;
and the third lifting mechanism is connected with the second lifting driving mechanism and is used for driving the spraying cylinder device 37 to do lifting movement.
The power source includes: a motor 1, a transmission rotating shaft 2 and a drive bevel gear 4;
wherein, the motor 1 is used for providing rotation power, the transmission rotating shaft 2 is connected with the rotation power output end of the motor 1, and the drive bevel gear 4 is connected with the rotating shaft 2 (preferably connected with the middle part of the rotating shaft 2).
First lift actuating mechanism, it connects the power supply, include: a first driven bevel gear 5, a first rotating shaft 6, a first ratchet wheel 7, a first intermediate shaft 8 and a first cam 9;
the first driven bevel gear 5 is meshed with the driving bevel gear 4, two ends of the first rotating shaft 6 are correspondingly connected with the first driven bevel gear 5 and the inner ring of the first ratchet wheel 7 respectively, and two ends of the first intermediate shaft 8 are correspondingly connected with the outer ring of the ratchet wheel 7 and the first cam 9 respectively.
A first lifting mechanism connected to the first lifting drive mechanism, comprising: a first driving spur gear 3, a first roller 10, a first sliding shaft 11, a first jacking shaft 12, and a first driven spur gear 13;
the first driving spur gear 3 is connected to one end of the rotating shaft 2, which is close to the motor 1, and is located between the motor 1 and the driving bevel gear 4, a first roller 10 is disposed on the upper side of the first cam 9, the lower end of the first sliding shaft 11 is rotatably connected with the center of the first roller 10, the upper end of the first sliding shaft 11 is rotatably connected with the lower end of the first jacking shaft 12 (preferably, as shown in fig. 5, the upper end of the first sliding shaft 11 is rotatably connected with the lower end of the first jacking shaft 12 through a first rolling bearing 38), so that the whole of the first roller 10, the first sliding shaft 11 and the first jacking shaft 12 can move up and down, the first sliding shaft 11 and the first jacking shaft 12 are coaxially disposed and can rotate relatively, the first driven spur gear 13 is connected with the middle of the first jacking shaft 12, and the upper end of the first jacking shaft 12 is connected with the reciprocating mechanism.
Further, as shown in fig. 4 and 6, the reciprocating mechanism includes: a reciprocating driving spur gear 14, a first reciprocating driven spur gear 15, a second reciprocating driven spur gear 16, a first sector gear 17, a second sector gear 18, and a reciprocating driving rack 19;
the reciprocating driving spur gear 14 is connected to the upper end of the first jacking shaft 12, two sides of the reciprocating driving spur gear 14 are respectively meshed with the first reciprocating driven spur gear 15 and the second reciprocating driven spur gear 16 correspondingly, the first reciprocating driven spur gear 15 is connected with the first sector gear 17, the second reciprocating driven spur gear 16 is connected with the second sector gear 18, the rotation directions of the first sector gear 17 and the second sector gear 18 are the same, the reciprocating driving rack 19 is located above the reciprocating driving spur gear 14, and the reciprocating driving rack 19 is connected with the spraying cylinder device 37.
When the first jacking shaft 12 drives the reciprocating driving spur gear 14 to rotate, the first reciprocating driven spur gear 15 and the second reciprocating driven spur gear 16 are driven to synchronously rotate, and then the first sector gear 17 and the second sector gear 18 are driven to synchronously rotate in the same direction, for example, all rotate along the rotation direction d in fig. 5, when one of the first sector gear 17 and the second sector gear 18 (the second sector gear 18 in fig. 5) rotates to be engaged with the reciprocating driving rack 19, the reciprocating driving rack 19 drives the spraying device to make a first linear motion along the second direction (for example, make a linear motion along the positive direction e in the y direction), and when the other of the first sector gear 17 and the second sector gear 18 (the first sector gear 17 in fig. 5) rotates to be engaged with the reciprocating driving rack 19, the reciprocating driving rack 19 drives the spraying device to make a second linear motion along the second direction (for example, make a linear motion along the negative direction f in the y direction), so as to realize the reciprocating motion of the spraying device 37 in the second direction.
When the electric motor 1 works, the first driving straight gear 3 and the driven bevel gear 4 are driven to synchronously rotate through the rotating power output end, and then the first driven bevel gear 5, the first ratchet wheel 7 and the first cam 9 are driven to correspondingly rotate, so that the first sliding shaft 11 connected with the first roller 10 and the first jacking shaft 12 connected with the first sliding shaft 11 move up and down, and the first driven straight gear 13 is further driven to move up and down;
when the first cam 9 rotates to the furthest point, the first sliding shaft 11 drives the first driven straight gear 13 to ascend until being meshed with the first driving straight gear 3, so as to drive the first lifting shaft 12 to rotate, and further the reciprocating mechanism starts to move, namely, at the moment, the first lifting shaft 12 drives the reciprocating driving straight gear 14 to rotate, and then the reciprocating driving straight gear 14 drives the first reciprocating driven straight gear 15 and the second reciprocating driven straight gear 16 to synchronously rotate, so as to drive the first sector gear 17 and the second sector gear 18 to synchronously rotate in the same direction, for example, all rotate along the rotating direction d in fig. 6, when one of the first sector gear 17 and the second sector gear 18 (the second sector gear 18 in fig. 6) rotates to be meshed with the reciprocating driving rack 19, at the moment, the reciprocating driving rack 19 drives the spraying cylinder device to move in a first straight line in a first direction (for example, the first sector gear 17 in a positive direction e in a y direction), and the other one of the first sector gear 17 and the second sector gear 18 (the first sector gear 17 in fig. 6) rotates to move in a first straight line in a second direction opposite to the first straight line direction, and the reciprocating driving rack 19 in a first direction is driven in a first straight line direction (37) is driven by the reciprocating driving the spraying cylinder device;
when the first cam 9 is in the long stop range, the reciprocating mechanism moves all the time in the above way, and when the first cam 9 starts to return movement, the first sliding shaft 11 drives the first driven straight gear 13 to descend until the first driven straight gear 13 is out of engagement with the first driving straight gear 3, the first driven straight gear 13 and the first jacking shaft 12 stop rotating, and the reciprocating mechanism stops moving.
As shown in fig. 4 and 7, the second lifting mechanism includes: a second driving spur gear 26, a second roller 20, a second slide shaft 21, a second jacking shaft 22, a second driven spur gear 23, a third driving spur gear 24, and a stage driving rack 25;
the second driving spur gear 26 is connected to one end of the rotating shaft 2 away from the motor 1, the lower side of the first shaft cam 9 is provided with a second roller 20, the upper end of the second sliding shaft 21 is rotationally connected with the center of the second roller 20, the lower end of the second sliding shaft is rotationally connected with the upper end of the second lifting shaft 22 (preferably, as shown in fig. 7, the lower end of the second sliding shaft 21 is rotationally connected with the upper and lower ends of the second lifting shaft 22 through a second rolling bearing 38'), so that the second roller 20, the second sliding shaft 21 and the second lifting shaft 22 can integrally move up and down, the second sliding shaft 21 and the second lifting shaft 22 are coaxially arranged and can relatively rotate, the second driven spur gear 23 is connected with the middle part of the second lifting shaft 22, the lower end of the second lifting shaft 22 is connected with the third driving spur gear 24, the third driving spur gear 24 is meshed with the objective table 25, and the objective table is connected with the objective table 36.
When the electric motor 1 works, the first driving straight gear 3 and the driven bevel gear 4 are driven to synchronously rotate through the rotating power output end, and then the first driven bevel gear 5, the first ratchet wheel 7 and the first cam 9 are driven to correspondingly rotate, so that the second sliding shaft 21 connected with the second roller 20 and the second jacking shaft 22 connected with the second sliding shaft 21 move up and down, and the second driven straight gear 23 is further driven to move up and down;
when the first cam 9 rotates to the farthest point, the second sliding shaft 21 drives the second driven straight gear 23 to descend until being meshed with the second driving straight gear 26, so as to drive the second jacking shaft 22 to rotate, and further drive the third driving straight gear 24 to start rotating, so that the objective table driving rack 25 drives the objective table 36 to start moving linearly along the second direction (such as x direction);
when the first cam 9 is in the far stop range, the stage 36 moves all the way as described above, and when the first cam 9 starts the return movement, the second slide shaft 21 drives the second driven spur gear 23 to ascend until the second driven spur gear 23 is out of engagement with the second driving spur gear 26, the second driven spur gear 23, the second lifting shaft 22 and the third driving spur gear 24 stop rotating, and the stage 36 stops rectilinear movement.
In the present invention, the process of releasing silicone oil by the cartridge device 37 is as follows:
the first direction of the movement of the spraying device 37 is perpendicular to the second direction of the movement of the stage 36, and as shown in fig. 8, during the first linear movement (i.e. movement along the e direction) of the spraying device 37 along the first direction, the spraying device is located above the carbon fiber composite material 100 on the stage 36, and continuously releases silicone oil to the surface of the carbon fiber composite material 100 during the movement, and the stage 36 is stationary while releasing silicone oil, so as to finish silicone oil coating in a strip-shaped region P1 on the surface of the carbon fiber composite material;
the spraying cylinder device 37 is static when finishing the first linear movement along the first direction (i.e. moving along the e direction), and stops releasing the silicone oil, and the objective table 36 drives the carbon fiber composite material 100 to move along the second direction (i.e. positive direction along the X direction) for a preset distance t;
the spraying cylinder device 37 is located above the carbon fiber composite material 100 on the objective table 36 in the process of completing the second linear movement along the first direction (i.e. the movement along the f direction), and continuously releases the silicone oil to the surface of the carbon fiber composite material 100 again in the movement process, and the objective table 36 is stationary while releasing the silicone oil so as to complete the silicone oil coating of another strip-shaped area P2 on the surface of the carbon fiber material 100;
and so forth, to spread silicone oil on the surface of the carbon fiber composite 100 line by line.
The surface of the carbon fiber composite material 100 can be divided into a plurality of continuous strip-shaped areas P1 and P2, and the above steps are repeated, and the spraying cylinder device 37 can finish the silicone oil coating of one strip-shaped area on the surface of the carbon fiber composite material 100 each time when moving along the first direction until finishing the silicone oil coating of the whole surface of the carbon fiber composite material 100.
As shown in fig. 4, the second lifting driving mechanism, which is connected to the power source, includes: a second driven bevel gear 27, a second rotating shaft 28, a second ratchet 29, a second intermediate shaft 30, and a second cam 31;
the second driven bevel gear 2 is meshed with the drive bevel gear 4, two ends of the second rotating shaft 28 are correspondingly connected with the second driven bevel gear 2 and the inner ring of the second ratchet wheel 29 respectively, and two ends of the second intermediate shaft 30 are correspondingly connected with the outer ring of the second ratchet wheel 29 and the second cam 31 respectively.
And a third lifting mechanism connected with the second lifting driving mechanism, comprising: the third roller 32, the third sliding shaft 33, the lifting frame 34, the guide rail 361 and the sliding block 351;
the upper side of the second cam 31 is provided with a third roller 32, the lower end of the third sliding shaft 33 is rotatably arranged at the center of the third roller 32, the upper end of the third sliding shaft is connected with a guide rail 361, the guide rail 361 is slidably connected with a sliding block 351, the sliding block 351 is simultaneously connected with the lifting frame 34, and the lifting frame 34 is connected with a reciprocating motion driving rack 19 of a reciprocating motion mechanism.
During operation, the motor 1 rotates, the first driving straight gear 3 and the driven bevel gear 4 are driven to synchronously rotate through the rotating power output end, and then the second driven bevel gear 27, the second ratchet wheel 29 and the second cam 31 are driven to correspondingly rotate, so that the third sliding shaft 33 connected with the third roller 32, the guide rail 361 connected with the third sliding shaft 33, the sliding block 351 connected with the guide rail 361 and the lifting frame 34 connected with the sliding block 351 move up and down, and the reciprocating rack 19 is further driven to move up and down, and the vertical lifting adjustment of the spray cylinder device 37 is realized;
when the second cam 31 moves to the near stop, the lifting frame 34 descends until the reciprocating rack 19 is meshed with the first sector gear 17/the second sector gear 18, at this time, the reciprocating driving straight gear 14 of the reciprocating mechanism starts to move under the driving of the first lifting shaft 12, and when the reciprocating rack 19 drives the spraying cylinder device 37 to move along the second direction, the reciprocating rack 19 simultaneously drives the lifting frame 34 and the sliding block 351 to slide along the guide rail 361 in the same direction.
The whole smearing device works as follows:
the motor 1 is started, the first lifting driving mechanism and the second lifting driving mechanism start to move, the lifting frame 34 descends until the reciprocating rack 19 is meshed with the first sector gear 17/the second sector gear 18, at the moment, the first driven straight gear 13 is just meshed with the first driving straight gear 3, the reciprocating driving straight gear 14 starts to rotate under the driving of the first lifting shaft 12, the reciprocating mechanism starts to move, the spraying cylinder device 37 is driven to reciprocate along the first direction, meanwhile, the second sliding shaft 21 drives the second driven straight gear 23 to descend until the second driven straight gear is meshed with the second driving straight gear 26, the second lifting shaft 22 is driven to rotate, and the object stage driving rack 25 drives the object stage 36 to start to linearly move along the second direction, so that the silicon oil is uniformly smeared on the surface of the carbon fiber composite material in a divided area.
Therefore, the spraying device has simple structural design, does not need to use complex parts, can complete vertical lifting and horizontal reciprocating movement of the spraying cylinder device and horizontal movement of the objective table by using only one power source, is beneficial to greatly reducing energy consumption and manpower use, improves production efficiency and reduces cost.
As shown in fig. 9, the spray cartridge device includes:
a housing 101 having a cylindrical structure as a whole and connected to a reciprocating drive rack 19 of the reciprocating mechanism, wherein the interior of the housing 101 is used for storing silicone oil;
a cylinder cover 102 movably connected to the top of the housing 101;
an upper stopper 103 and a lower stopper 104, both of which are provided inside the housing 101;
the piezoelectric ceramic block 105 is disposed inside the housing 101, and the upper end and the lower end are respectively connected with the upper limit block 103 and the lower limit block 104 correspondingly;
the upper part of the ejector rod 106 is connected with the lower limiting block 104;
a spring 107 which is fitted around the outer peripheral surface of the jack 106;
the oil inlet hole 108 and the oil outlet hole 110, wherein the oil inlet hole 108 is formed in the peripheral surface of the shell 101, the oil outlet hole 110 is formed in the bottom of the shell 101, and the longitudinal section of the oil outlet hole is trapezoid with a narrow upper part and a wide lower part;
a wedge block 109 connected to the lower part of the ejector pin 106 and located in the oil outlet hole 110, wherein a longitudinal section of the wedge block 109 is matched with a longitudinal section of the oil outlet hole 110;
and an air bag plate 113 connected to the bottom of the housing 101 and located outside the housing 101, and having an inner space 112 formed between the air bag plate and the bottom of the housing 101, the inner space being communicable with the oil outlet hole 110; meanwhile, the airbag plate 110 is provided with an opening 111;
after the power is on, the piezoelectric ceramic block 105 deforms under the action of voltage, when the voltage is increased, the piezoelectric ceramic block 105 longitudinally deforms to push the ejector rod 106 to move downwards, the spring 107 is compressed, the wedge block 109 moves downwards, the oil outlet 110 is opened, and the silicone oil stored in the shell 101 flows out through the oil outlet 110, the inner space 112 and the open hole 111 to be smeared on the surface of the carbon fiber material; after the power is turned off, the piezoelectric ceramic block 105 starts to retract upwards, the ejector rod 106 moves upwards under the action of the elastic force of the spring 107, the wedge block 109 moves upwards to completely block the oil outlet 110, and the silicone oil stops releasing.
Since the deformation of the piezoelectric ceramic block 105 increases with the increase of the voltage, the voltage can be adjusted to open the oil outlet 110 by a corresponding amplitude, for example, when the viscosity of the silicone oil is high, a high voltage can be set to enable the piezoelectric ceramic block 105 to generate a high stress so as to push the oil outlet 110 to open completely to release enough silicone oil, otherwise, the small voltage is applied to control the oil outlet 110 to open a small amplitude so as to release the silicone oil with a low viscosity, thereby realizing the self-adaptive adjustment of the release amounts of the silicone oils with different viscosities so as to ensure the silicone oil to flow out uniformly.
Further, the whole airbag plate 113 is arc-shaped and made of flexible material, so that the airbag plate 113 deforms under the action of pressure to be matched with the surface shape of the carbon fiber material, so that the airbag plate and the carbon fiber material are more attached to each other, silicone oil is further uniformly smeared on the surface of the carbon fiber material, refraction of laser at the junction of the silicone oil and the carbon fiber material is prevented, processing errors are reduced, and the airbag plate is particularly suitable for the woven carbon fiber material with uneven surface.
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples.
Example 1
The carbon fiber material selected in this example was an MD CFRP plate having a thickness of 2mm, the internal carbon fibers had a fiber orientation order of [ 45/0/45/90 ] s, the carbon fibers had a diameter of 5 μm, and the matrix material was a cyanate resin.
And (3) selecting an ultraviolet solid laser with rated power of 15w to output laser beams, wherein the wavelength of the laser beams is 355nm, executing the steps S1-S3 in the invention, the number of concentric annular scanning areas is 10, the descending distance of the laser beam focuses each time is 0.035mm, the scanning interval h is 60 mu m, finishing the material stripping of each layer to be cut according to a sequential scanning mode when executing the step S3, and not coating silicone oil on the surface of the MD CFRP plate before carrying out the material stripping on the layer to be cut for the first time.
Example 2
It differs from example 1 only in that silicone oil was applied to the surface of the MD CFRP plate before the first material peeling of the layer to be cut was performed. Other steps are the same as those of embodiment 1, and will not be described again.
Example 3
The difference from example 1 is only that when step S3 is performed, the material peeling of each layer to be cut is completed in an alternating scanning mode, the scanning interval of each scanning filling is h=2h, and silicone oil is not smeared on the surface of the MD CFRP plate before the material peeling of the layer to be cut is performed for the first time. Other steps are the same as those of embodiment 1, and will not be described again.
Example 4
The difference from example 3 is only that silicone oil is smeared on the surface of the MD CFRP plate before the material peeling of the layer to be cut is performed for the first time when step S3 is performed. Other steps are the same as those of embodiment 3, and will not be described again.
Example 5
The difference from example 1 is only that when step S3 is performed, the material peeling of each layer to be cut is completed in an alternating scanning mode, the scanning interval of each scanning filling is h=3h, and silicone oil is not smeared on the surface of the MD CFRP plate before the material peeling of the layer to be cut is performed for the first time. Other steps are the same as those of embodiment 1, and will not be described again.
Example 6
The difference from example 5 is only that, when step S3 is performed, silicone oil is applied to the surface of the MD CFRP plate before the first material peeling of any layer to be cut is performed. Other steps are the same as those of embodiment 5, and will not be repeated.
Example 7
The difference from example 1 is only that when step S3 is performed, the material peeling of each layer to be cut is completed in an alternating scanning mode, the scanning interval of each scanning filling is h=4h, and silicone oil is not smeared on the surface of the MD CFRP plate before the material peeling of the layer to be cut is performed for the first time. Other steps are the same as those of embodiment 1, and will not be described again.
Example 8
The difference from example 7 is only that silicone oil is smeared on the surface of the MD CFRP plate before the material peeling of the layer to be cut is performed for the first time when step S3 is performed. Other steps are the same as those of embodiment 7, and will not be repeated.
Example 9
The difference from example 1 is only that when step S3 is performed, the material peeling of each layer to be cut is completed in an alternating scanning mode, the scanning interval of each scanning filling is h=5h, and silicone oil is not smeared on the surface of the MD CFRP plate before the material peeling of the layer to be cut is performed for the first time. Other steps are the same as those of embodiment 1, and will not be described again.
Example 10
The difference from example 9 is only that silicone oil is smeared on the surface of the MD CFRP plate before the material peeling of the layer to be cut is performed for the first time when step S3 is performed. Other steps are the same as those in embodiment 9, and will not be repeated.
HAZ width data in examples 1 to 10 were obtained, respectively, and the results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 HAZ Width in examples 1-10
Thus, as can be seen from table 1, first, the alternate scan mode can reduce the HAZ width relative to the sequential scan mode because the laser energy on both sides of the slit is insufficient to reach the vaporization temperature of the carbon fiber but exceeds the vaporization temperature of the matrix material (the vaporization temperature of the carbon fiber is much higher than that of the matrix material) when cutting in the sequential scan mode, resulting in matrix decomposition and carbon fiber exposure, thereby generating a Heat Affected Zone (HAZ) near the slit, while the alternate scan mode can reduce the heat accumulation effect, thereby reducing the heat affected zone and improving the surface quality.
Further, before cutting, the HAZ width can be greatly reduced by coating the surface of the carbon fiber material with silicone oil, because the silicone oil can inhibit the ablation of the matrix and separate oxygen, so that the laser beam lacks energy transfer medium during hole cutting, thereby reducing the heat affected zone and obtaining smoother slit side walls.
Specifically, when no silicone oil is coated and only the staggered scanning mode is adopted, the HAZ width is respectively reduced by 24.97%, 55.01%, 37.98% and 27.25%, and when the staggered scanning mode is adopted under the condition of coating silicone oil, the HAZ width is respectively reduced by 61.17%, 75.46%, 63.93% and 56.77%, so that when the hole cutting is completed by combining the staggered scanning mode with the silicone oil coating on the surface of the carbon fiber, the effect of reducing the HAZ area and improving the processing quality is optimal.
In summary, the invention has the following technical effects:
(1) The silicone oil is smeared on the surface of the carbon fiber composite material and the alternate scanning mode is combined to reduce the heat accumulation effect and inhibit the matrix from ablating, so that the heat affected area is reduced and the processing quality is improved.
(2) The smearing device has simple structural design and comprehensive functions, can complete vertical lifting and horizontal reciprocating movement by using only one power source, reduces energy consumption and manpower use, and improves production efficiency;
meanwhile, the self-adaptive adjustment of the silicone oil consumption according to the viscosity of the silicone oil can be realized through the piezoelectric type spray cylinder device, the silicone oil is uniformly smeared by the air bag plate, the laser is prevented from refracting at the junction of the silicone oil and the carbon fiber plate, and the processing error is reduced.
The foregoing is merely exemplary of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make many variations in the specific embodiments and application scope according to the spirit of the present invention, as long as the variations do not depart from the spirit of the invention.
Claims (13)
1. A laser hole cutting method for a carbon fiber composite material comprises the following steps:
s1, dividing a carbon fiber composite material into a plurality of layers to be cut in the thickness direction;
s2, arranging a plurality of concentric circular scanning tracks on each layer to be cut and in the range of the hole to be made;
s3, sequentially finishing material stripping of each layer to be cut from top to bottom in the thickness direction of the laser beam, and finally forming a through hole on the carbon fiber composite material;
the method is characterized in that the step S3 comprises the following steps:
the laser beam scans along a circular scanning track on the former layer to be cut according to a preset scanning mode, after two adjacent scans are completed, materials between two different circular scanning tracks are stripped, and after all scans are executed according to the preset scanning mode, stripping of the materials on the layer to be cut is completed;
controlling the focal point of the laser beam to descend;
the laser beam scans along a circular scanning track on the next layer to be cut according to a preset scanning mode, after two adjacent scans are completed, materials between two different circular scanning tracks are stripped, and after all scans are executed according to the preset scanning mode, stripping of the materials on the layer to be cut is completed;
repeating the steps until the material of each layer to be cut is stripped, and finally forming a through hole on the carbon fiber composite material;
in step S3, before the material of the layer to be cut is stripped for the first time, silicone oil is coated on the surface of the carbon fiber composite material by a coating device, and the coating device includes:
a power source;
a stage for carrying a carbon fiber composite;
the spraying cylinder device is used for releasing silicone oil to the surface of the carbon fiber composite material;
the reciprocating mechanism is connected with the spray cylinder device and is used for driving the spray cylinder device to linearly move along a first direction on a horizontal plane;
the first lifting driving mechanism is connected with the power source;
a first lifting mechanism connected to the first lifting driving mechanism for controlling the reciprocating mechanism to start/stop movement;
the second lifting mechanism is connected with the first lifting driving mechanism and is used for driving the objective table to do linear motion along a second direction on the horizontal plane;
the second lifting driving mechanism is connected with the power source;
and the third lifting mechanism is connected with the second lifting driving mechanism and is used for driving the spraying cylinder device to do lifting movement.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the predetermined scan pattern comprises:
sequential scan mode: and setting the interval between every two adjacent circular scanning tracks as h, and completing scanning of the laser beams along each circular scanning track sequentially from outside to inside.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the predetermined scan pattern comprises:
staggered scan pattern: and setting the interval between two adjacent circular scanning tracks as H, wherein the laser beam finishes scanning along any circular scanning track each time, and the scanning interval H=nh between two adjacent scanning tracks is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the power source comprises: a motor, a transmission rotating shaft and a drive bevel gear;
the motor is used for providing rotary power, the transmission rotating shaft is connected with a rotary power output end of the motor, and the drive bevel gear is connected with the rotating shaft.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the first lift drive mechanism comprises: the device comprises a first driven bevel gear, a first rotating shaft, a first ratchet wheel, a first intermediate shaft and a first cam;
the first driven bevel gear is meshed with the driving bevel gear, two ends of the first rotating shaft are correspondingly connected with the first driven bevel gear and the first ratchet wheel inner ring respectively, and two ends of the first intermediate shaft are correspondingly connected with the ratchet wheel outer ring and the first cam respectively.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the first lifting mechanism comprises: the device comprises a first driving straight gear, a first roller, a first sliding shaft, a first jacking shaft and a first driven straight gear;
the first driving straight gear is connected with one end of the rotating shaft, which is close to the motor, a first roller is arranged on the upper side of the first cam, the lower end of the first sliding shaft is rotationally connected with the center of the first roller, the upper end of the first sliding shaft is rotationally connected with the lower end of the first jacking shaft, the first driven straight gear is connected with the middle part of the first jacking shaft, and the upper end of the first jacking shaft is connected with the reciprocating mechanism.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the reciprocating mechanism comprises: a reciprocating driving spur gear, a first reciprocating driven spur gear, a second reciprocating driven spur gear, a first sector gear, a second sector gear, and a reciprocating driving rack;
the reciprocating driving straight gear is connected with the upper end of the first jacking shaft, two sides of the reciprocating driving straight gear are correspondingly meshed with the first reciprocating driven straight gear and the second reciprocating driven straight gear respectively, the first reciprocating driven straight gear is connected with the first sector gear, the second reciprocating driven straight gear is connected with the second sector gear, the rotation directions of the first sector gear and the second sector gear are the same, and the reciprocating driving rack is connected with the spraying cylinder device.
8. The method of claim 5, wherein the second lifting mechanism comprises: the second driving straight gear, the second roller, the second sliding shaft, the second jacking shaft, the second driven straight gear, the third driving straight gear and the object stage driving rack;
the second driving straight gear is connected with one end of the rotating shaft far away from the motor, a second roller is arranged on the lower side of the first cam, the upper end of the second sliding shaft is rotationally connected with the center of the second roller, the lower end of the second sliding shaft is rotationally connected with the upper end of the second jacking shaft, the lower end of the second jacking shaft is connected with the third driving straight gear, the third driving straight gear is meshed with the object stage driving rack, and the object stage driving rack is connected with the object stage.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the stage is stationary while releasing silicone oil to the surface of the carbon fiber composite continuously during the first linear movement of the nozzle device in the first direction to complete the silicone oil application to a strip area of the surface of the carbon fiber composite;
the spraying cylinder device is static when finishing the first linear movement along the first direction, and stops releasing the silicone oil, and the objective table drives the carbon fiber composite material to move for a preset distance along the second direction;
in the process of completing the second linear motion along the first direction, the spraying cylinder device continuously releases the silicone oil to the surface of the carbon fiber composite material again, and the object stage is stationary while releasing the silicone oil so as to finish the silicone oil coating of another strip-shaped area on the surface of the carbon fiber material;
and (3) repeating the steps to smear silicone oil on the surface of the carbon fiber composite material line by line.
10. The method of claim 4, wherein the second lift drive mechanism comprises: the second driven bevel gear, the second rotating shaft, the second ratchet wheel, the second intermediate shaft and the second cam;
the second driven bevel gear is meshed with the driving bevel gear, two ends of the second rotating shaft are correspondingly connected with the second driven bevel gear and the second ratchet inner ring respectively, and two ends of the second intermediate shaft are correspondingly connected with the second ratchet outer ring and the second cam respectively.
11. The method of claim 10, wherein the third lifting mechanism comprises: the third roller, the third sliding shaft, the lifting frame, the guide rail and the sliding block;
the second cam is provided with a third roller, the lower end of the third sliding shaft is rotatably arranged at the center of the third roller, the upper end of the third sliding shaft is connected with a guide rail, the guide rail is in sliding connection with a sliding block, the sliding block is simultaneously connected with the lifting frame, and the lifting frame is connected with a reciprocating mechanism.
12. The method of claim 1, wherein the spray device comprises:
a housing, the interior of which is used for storing silicone oil;
the cylinder cover is movably connected with the top of the shell;
the upper limiting block and the lower limiting block are arranged inside the shell;
the piezoelectric ceramic block is arranged in the shell, and the upper end and the lower end of the piezoelectric ceramic block are correspondingly connected with the upper limiting block and the lower limiting block respectively;
the upper part of the ejector rod is connected with the lower limiting block;
the spring is sleeved on the outer peripheral surface of the ejector rod;
the oil inlet is formed in the outer peripheral surface of the shell, the oil outlet is formed in the bottom of the shell, and the longitudinal section of the oil outlet is trapezoid with narrow upper part and wide lower part;
the wedge-shaped block is connected with the lower part of the ejector rod and is positioned in the oil outlet, and the longitudinal section of the wedge-shaped block is matched with the longitudinal section of the oil outlet.
13. The method of claim 12, wherein the cartridge device further comprises: the air bag plate is connected with the bottom of the shell, is positioned outside the shell, forms an inner space which can be communicated with the oil outlet between the air bag plate and the bottom of the shell, and is provided with an opening.
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