CN114749754B - Vacuum brazing evaluation test piece for evaluating vacuum brazing process - Google Patents
Vacuum brazing evaluation test piece for evaluating vacuum brazing process Download PDFInfo
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- CN114749754B CN114749754B CN202210607103.9A CN202210607103A CN114749754B CN 114749754 B CN114749754 B CN 114749754B CN 202210607103 A CN202210607103 A CN 202210607103A CN 114749754 B CN114749754 B CN 114749754B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K3/00—Tools, devices, or special appurtenances for soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering, not specially adapted for particular methods
- B23K3/08—Auxiliary devices therefor
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
- Y02E40/60—Superconducting electric elements or equipment; Power systems integrating superconducting elements or equipment
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- Testing Resistance To Weather, Investigating Materials By Mechanical Methods (AREA)
Abstract
In order to solve the technical problems that a test piece used in the existing vacuum brazing process evaluation does not meet the requirements of full-size test pieces and the brazing gap setting cannot simulate actual production, the embodiment of the invention provides a vacuum brazing evaluation test piece for vacuum brazing process evaluation, which comprises the following components: a second workpiece having a strip-like structure; a first passage penetrating the second workpiece in a length direction of the second workpiece; the first workpiece is provided with a cavity, and the cavity is used for being matched with the strip-shaped structure of the second workpiece to form a lap joint brazing seam and a butt joint brazing seam; wherein the lap joint brazing seam is communicated with the butt joint brazing seam; the second channel penetrates through the first workpiece along the length direction of the first workpiece and is used for being communicated with the first channel to form a through hole; and the brazing filler metal entering groove is formed in the first workpiece and is used for filling brazing filler metal into the lap joint brazing seam and the butt joint brazing seam through the brazing filler metal entering groove. The embodiment of the invention overcomes the defects that a test piece used in the existing vacuum brazing process evaluation does not meet the requirements of a full-size test piece and the brazing gap setting cannot simulate actual production.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a vacuum brazing evaluation test piece for evaluating a vacuum brazing process.
Background
The low-temperature superconducting magnet system consists of a superconducting coil, an envelope, a superconducting coil support and a cooling system. The cooling system is a critical system for maintaining the thermal stability of the superconducting magnet. The cooling system comprises a large number of stainless steel and copper alloy components; the size, the structure and the joint are complex and various in form, and the quality grade of the soldered joint is high. According to the related requirements of welding quality management, a brazing process assessment is required before mass production to verify the reliability of the braze joint in service under a liquid helium temperature zone.
However, it has been found by searching that all test pieces recommended by the existing two standards regarding the process assessment of brazing, such as the standard EN13134 vacuum brazing, the ASME volume IX welding and the brazing process assessment, have the following two disadvantages: 1) Because of the great difference of thermal physical properties, the stainless steel copper heterogeneous metal joint can generate great thermal stress when in service in a liquid helium temperature zone, so that a full-size sample capable of testing the mechanical property of the stainless steel copper heterogeneous metal joint in the liquid helium temperature zone is needed; 2) In the existing standard, all joints can only consider one brazing gap, and the actual situation that the brazing gap of one joint is in a jumping range in the actual brazing production process has large deviation.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems that a test piece used in the existing vacuum brazing process evaluation does not meet the requirements of full-size test pieces and the brazing gap setting cannot simulate actual production, the embodiment of the invention provides a vacuum brazing evaluation test piece for the vacuum brazing process evaluation.
The embodiment of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a vacuum brazing evaluation test piece for vacuum brazing process evaluation, comprising:
a second workpiece having a strip-like structure;
a first passage penetrating the second workpiece in a length direction of the second workpiece;
the first workpiece is provided with a cavity, and the cavity is used for being matched with the strip-shaped structure of the second workpiece to form a lap joint brazing seam and a butt joint brazing seam; wherein the lap joint brazing seam is communicated with the butt joint brazing seam;
the second channel penetrates through the first workpiece along the length direction of the first workpiece and is used for being communicated with the first channel to form a through hole;
and the brazing filler metal entering groove is formed in the first workpiece and is used for filling brazing filler metal into the lap joint brazing seam and the butt joint brazing seam through the brazing filler metal entering groove.
Further, the central axes of the first channel and the second channel coincide;
the brazing filler metal filling groove comprises a first filling groove used for filling the filiform or pasty brazing filler metal and also used as an exhaust hole and a second filling groove used for filling the foil-shaped or filiform brazing filler metal and also used as an exhaust hole;
the first filling groove penetrates through the first workpiece along the length direction of the outer side wall of the first workpiece and is communicated with the lap joint brazing seam; the second filling groove penetrates through the first workpiece along the length direction of the outer side wall of the first workpiece and is communicated with the lap joint brazing seam.
Further, the lap joint brazing seam is arranged along the length direction of the second workpiece and the length direction of the first workpiece and is arranged between the outer surface of the second workpiece and the inner wall of the cavity of the first workpiece.
Further, the butt joint brazing seam is arranged along the width direction of the second workpiece and the width direction of the first workpiece and is arranged between the end part of the second workpiece extending into the cavity and the inner bottom wall of the cavity of the first workpiece; the lap joint braze joint is of an annular structure.
Further, the cavity is matched with the strip-shaped structure of the second workpiece in a scarf joint, lap joint or butt joint mode.
Further, the elongated structure includes a rod shape, a tube shape, or a plate shape.
Further, the solder in the lap joint soldered seam is in a thread shape, a powder shape or a foil shape; the solder in the butt joint braze joint is in the form of thread, powder or foil.
Further, the width of the butt joint brazing seam is larger than that of the lap joint brazing seam.
Further, the second workpiece and the first workpiece are made of copper and stainless steel respectively.
Further, the gap width of the lap joint brazing seam is 0.02-0.08mm; the deviation of the gap width of the lap joint brazing seam is not more than 0.01mm; the gap width of the butt joint brazing seam is 0.02-0.08mm; the deviation of the gap width of the butt joint brazing seam is not more than 0.01mm.
Compared with the prior art, the embodiment of the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
according to the vacuum brazing evaluation test piece for evaluating the vacuum brazing process, the defects that the test piece used in the existing vacuum brazing process evaluation does not meet the requirements of full-size test samples and the brazing gap setting cannot simulate actual production are avoided through the brazing filler metal entering groove, the second workpiece, the first channel, the second channel, the lap joint brazing seam and the butt joint brazing seam.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the exemplary embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are needed in the examples will be briefly described below, it being understood that the following drawings only illustrate some examples of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and that other related drawings may be obtained from these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a vacuum brazing evaluation test piece for evaluation of a vacuum brazing process.
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a vacuum brazing evaluation test piece for evaluation of a vacuum brazing process.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of the superconducting heat shielding member.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the structure of a vacuum brazing evaluation test piece of example 1.
In the drawings, the reference numerals and corresponding part names:
1-first workpiece, 2-second workpiece, 3-lap joint brazing seam, 4-butt joint brazing seam, 5-first filling groove, 6-second filling groove, 7-through hole, 8-superconductive heat shielding part, 9-copper alloy and stainless steel composite pipe, 10-CuCrZr pipe, 11-stainless steel pipe, 12-brazing gap and 13-assembly gap.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making apparent the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the following examples and the accompanying drawings, wherein the exemplary embodiments of the present invention and the descriptions thereof are for illustrating the present invention only and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. However, it will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that: no such specific details are necessary to practice the invention. In other instances, well-known structures, circuits, materials, or methods have not been described in detail in order not to obscure the invention.
Throughout the specification, references to "one embodiment," "an embodiment," "one example," or "an example" mean: a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included within at least one embodiment of the invention. Thus, the appearances of the phrases "in one embodiment," "in an example," or "in an example" in various places throughout this specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable combination and/or sub-combination in one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the illustrations provided herein are for illustrative purposes and that the illustrations are not necessarily drawn to scale. The term "and/or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
In the description of the present invention, the terms "front", "rear", "left", "right", "upper", "lower", "vertical", "horizontal", "high", "low", "inner", "outer", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, merely to facilitate description of the present invention and simplify description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Examples
In order to solve the technical problems that a test piece used in the existing vacuum brazing process evaluation does not meet the requirements of a full-size test piece and the brazing gap setting cannot simulate actual production, an embodiment of the invention provides a vacuum brazing evaluation test piece for the vacuum brazing process evaluation, which is shown by referring to fig. 1 and 2 and comprises the following components: a second workpiece 2 having a long strip-like structure; a first passage penetrating the second workpiece in a length direction of the second workpiece; the first workpiece 1 is provided with a cavity which is used for being matched with the strip-shaped structure of the second workpiece to form a lap joint brazing seam and a butt joint brazing seam; wherein the lap joint brazing seam 3 is communicated with the butt joint brazing seam 4; the second channel penetrates through the first workpiece along the length direction of the first workpiece and is used for being communicated with the first channel to form a through hole 7; and the brazing filler metal entering groove is formed in the first workpiece and is used for filling brazing filler metal into the lap joint brazing seam and the butt joint brazing seam through the brazing filler metal entering groove.
Therefore, the defects that a test piece used in the existing vacuum brazing process evaluation does not meet the requirements of full-size samples and the brazing gap setting cannot simulate actual production are avoided through the brazing filler metal entering groove, the second workpiece, the first channel, the second channel, the lap joint brazing seam and the butt joint brazing seam.
Referring to fig. 2, the vacuum brazing evaluation test piece includes a first work piece 1 and a second work piece 2; in order to facilitate assessment of the vacuum brazing process of the lap joint in the liquid helium temperature zone of the fusion reactor, the materials used for the first workpiece and the second workpiece can be adjusted according to practical conditions. The first workpiece and the second workpiece can be made of the same material or different materials. For example, the first workpiece and the second workpiece can be made of stainless steel; the first workpiece and the second workpiece can also be respectively made of stainless steel and copper materials; the materials and vacuum brazing processes used for the lap joint can be assessed as desired.
The upper part of the second workpiece 2 is of a strip structure and can extend into the cavity of the first workpiece to form a lap joint brazing seam and a butt joint brazing seam; the shape of the strip-shaped structure at the upper part of the second workpiece 2 and the shape of the cavity of the first workpiece 1 can be adjusted according to actual needs to adapt to the actual needs, such as a cylinder shape, a plate shape and the like; referring to FIG. 2, the lap joint braze joint is a gap between the periphery of the outer side of the strip-shaped structure and the first workpiece cavity; the butt joint brazing seam is a gap between the upper end part of the second workpiece 2 and the bottom of the cavity; the widths of the lap joint and the butt joint can be adjusted by adjusting the relative position and the size of the first workpiece in the cavity.
The lap joint brazing seam is communicated with the butt joint brazing seam; in order to facilitate filling of the lap joint and butt joint with solder, the second work piece 2 is provided with a solder inlet groove. The solder can be fed into the lap joint solder joint and the butt joint solder joint through the solder feeding groove.
Optionally, the first channel coincides with the central axis of the second channel; referring to fig. 2, when the central axis of the first channel and the central axis of the second channel overlap, the first channel and the second channel form a through hole with the central axis as a central line. The through holes 7 formed by the first channel and the second channel can be used for a low-temperature pipeline to pass through a vacuum brazing evaluation test piece so as to simulate a low-temperature pipeline joint, and the vacuum brazing evaluation test piece is subjected to mechanical properties and other tests in a preset low-temperature environment.
Optionally, the lap joint braze joint is arranged along the length direction of the second workpiece and the length direction of the first workpiece, and is arranged between the outer surface of the second workpiece and the inner wall of the cavity of the first workpiece; the butt joint brazing seam is arranged along the width direction of the second workpiece and the width direction of the first workpiece and is arranged between the end part of the second workpiece extending into the cavity and the inner bottom wall of the cavity of the first workpiece; the lap joint braze joint is of an annular structure.
Referring to fig. 2, the lap joint braze 3 is provided along the length direction of the first and second workpieces from top to bottom, specifically, the lap joint braze is provided between the outside of the first workpiece and the left or right inner wall of the inner cavity of the second workpiece; the butt joint brazing seam 4 is arranged between the upper end of the second workpiece and the bottom of the cavity; therefore, the lap joint brazing seam and the butt joint brazing seam can be adjusted by adjusting the shape and the position of the strip-shaped structure of the second workpiece extending into the cavity of the first workpiece, so that the sizes of the lap joint brazing seam and the butt joint brazing seam are adjusted.
Alternatively, the lap joint braze joint can be a circular or elliptical ring structure or a polygonal ring structure; the lap joint braze joint is communicated with the butt joint braze joint so as to facilitate the feeding of the brazing filler metal; in order to facilitate the entering of the brazing filler metal, a brazing filler metal entering groove is formed in the second workpiece.
The brazing filler metal filling groove comprises a first filling groove 5 used for filling the filiform or pasty brazing filler metal and also used as an exhaust hole and a second filling groove 6 used for filling the foil-shaped or filiform brazing filler metal and also used as the exhaust hole; the first filling groove 5 penetrates through the first workpiece along the length direction of the outer side wall of the first workpiece and is communicated with the lap joint brazing seam; the second filling groove 6 penetrates through the first workpiece along the length direction of the outer side wall of the first workpiece and is communicated with the lap joint braze joint.
In order to facilitate the brazing filler metals in various shapes to enter the lap joint brazing seam and the butt joint brazing seam through the brazing filler metal entering grooves, a first filling groove 5 and a second filling groove 6 which are communicated with the lap joint brazing seam are arranged on the inner wall of the second workpiece; referring to fig. 2, one end of the first filling groove, which is close to the bottom of the cavity, longitudinally along the left side of the first workpiece penetrates through the first workpiece and then is communicated with the lap joint braze joint; one end, close to the bottom of the cavity, of the second filling groove longitudinally along the right side of the second workpiece penetrates through the first workpiece and then is communicated with the lap joint braze joint.
The first filling groove and the second filling groove are also used as exhaust holes; when the brazing filler metal is fed into the first filling groove and the second filling groove, gas is generated; the generated gas is discharged from the first filling tank and the second filling tank. Thus, the first filling groove and the second filling groove also function as exhaust holes.
In order to facilitate the feeding of the solders in different forms, the first filling groove and the second filling groove are respectively made into shapes which are suitable for the entering of solders in different states or shapes. Optionally, the solder in the lap joint braze is in the form of a wire, powder, or foil; the solder in the butt joint braze joint is in the form of thread, powder or foil.
Further, the cavity is matched with the strip-shaped structure of the second workpiece in a scarf joint, lap joint or butt joint mode. The elongated structures comprise a rod, a tube or a plate.
Further, the width of the butt joint brazing seam is larger than that of the lap joint brazing seam.
Further, the second workpiece and the first workpiece are made of copper and stainless steel respectively.
Further, the gap width of the lap joint brazing seam is 0.02-0.08mm; the deviation of the gap width of the lap joint brazing seam is not more than 0.01mm; the gap width of the butt joint brazing seam is 0.02-0.08mm; the deviation of the gap width of the butt joint brazing seam is not more than 0.01mm.
Thus, the test piece can be applied to the evaluation of the stainless steel and copper brazing vacuum brazing process in a liquid helium temperature zone in a fusion reactor, and can be applied to the evaluation of the brazing process in all joint forms (scarfing, lapping and butt joint), various brazing filler metal forms (wires, powders and foils) and various sample forms (rod, tube and plate). Compared with other test piece forms recommended by the prior standards, the test piece form not only can accurately cover the important process element ranges such as the assembly gap, the brazing gap and the like of the brazing piece. And the test piece after brazing can be subjected to leakage inspection, nondestructive testing, normal low temperature stretching, normal low temperature fatigue mechanical property testing, macro-micro metallographic phase, hardness, brazing rate and the like. Besides the ultra-low temperature environment of the fusion reactor, the test piece form provided by the invention can be used for evaluating the vacuum brazing process of the homojunction and the heterojunction under the working conditions of normal temperature, low temperature and high temperature service in other industries.
Example 1 rating of braze process for a 316LN stainless steel & CuCrZr composite pipe lap joint
Referring to fig. 3, the key components in the superconducting heat shield member 8 are composed of copper alloy&A stainless steel composite pipe 9. The inside of the 316L stainless steel tube is provided with 10k helium refrigerant and 5bar helium refrigerant. The vacuum brazing joint of the composite pipe is required to have the following properties: the brazing adhesion rate of the vacuum brazing joint of the stainless steel pipe with 200mm and the copper plate reaches more than 95%, and the vacuum brazing joint can stably serve 2) the brazing joint with 4K with strength of more than 200MPa at normal temperature and more than 700MPa 3) with good sealing performance, and the leakage requirement is 1x10-10Pa.m 3 /s。
The vacuum brazing evaluation test piece of the embodiment of the invention is adopted for process evaluation:
referring to fig. 4, a first workpiece of the vacuum brazing evaluation test piece is a stainless steel pipe 11, specifically a Φ18x3mm316ln stainless steel pipe with an outer layer plated with a Ni layer of 2um-8 um; the second workpiece adopts a CuCrZr pipe 10, specifically a phi 26 x 3mm CuCrZr pipe; the overlapping braze of the first and second workpieces is denoted as braze gap 12; the butt joint braze joint is denoted as the assembly gap 13; the clearance between the lap welds before brazing was checked using a feeler gauge, and the deviation was controlled to be not more than 0.01mm.
The method comprises the following specific steps:
1. the stainless steel tube and the CuCrZr tube are subjected to the following steps before brazing: acid washing, ultrasonic cleaning with deionized water, ultrasonic cleaning with absolute ethyl alcohol and drying.
2. The recommended assembly gap between the first workpiece and the second workpiece is 0.02-0.08mm, and in order to ensure that assembly is smoothly carried out, a steel pipe soaked by liquid nitrogen is penetrated into a CuCrZr pipe;
the paste-like Agcu28 solder is filled into the CuCrZr tube filling groove, and the solder flows downwards vertically.
After a plurality of test pieces are brazed, detection is carried out according to the following requirements, test results are arranged, and brazing assessment is completed:
a. performing leakage inspection;
b. performing nondestructive detection by using water-immersed ultrasonic flaw detection;
c. taking a sample, removing copper except the part needing to be kept with a brazing gap by using a machining method, and then carrying out low-temperature stretching and fatigue mechanical property testing on a liquid helium temperature zone of a prototype;
d. sampling to detect macro-micro metallographic phase, hardness, brazing rate, etc.
The foregoing description of the embodiments has been provided for the purpose of illustrating the general principles of the invention, and is not meant to limit the scope of the invention, but to limit the invention to the particular embodiments, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements, etc. that fall within the spirit and principles of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.
Claims (4)
1. A vacuum brazing evaluation test piece for vacuum brazing process evaluation, wherein the vacuum brazing evaluation test piece is applied to a low temperature superconducting magnet system, comprising:
a second workpiece having a strip-like structure;
a first passage penetrating the second workpiece in a length direction of the second workpiece;
the first workpiece is provided with a cavity, and the cavity is used for being matched with the strip-shaped structure of the second workpiece to form a lap joint brazing seam and a butt joint brazing seam;
the second channel penetrates through the first workpiece along the length direction of the first workpiece and is used for being communicated with the first channel to form a through hole; the brazing filler metal inlet groove is formed in the first workpiece and is used for filling brazing filler metal into the lap joint brazing seam and the butt joint brazing seam through the brazing filler metal inlet groove;
the central axes of the first channel and the second channel coincide;
the brazing filler metal filling groove comprises a first filling groove used for filling the filiform or pasty brazing filler metal and also used as an exhaust hole and a second filling groove used for filling the foil-shaped or filiform brazing filler metal and also used as an exhaust hole;
the first filling groove penetrates through the first workpiece along the length direction of the outer side wall of the first workpiece and is communicated with the lap joint brazing seam; the second filling groove penetrates through the first workpiece along the length direction of the outer side wall of the first workpiece and is communicated with the lap joint brazing seam;
the lap joint brazing seam is arranged along the length direction of the second workpiece and the length direction of the first workpiece and is arranged between the outer surface of the second workpiece and the inner wall of the cavity of the first workpiece;
the butt joint brazing seam is arranged along the width direction of the second workpiece and the width direction of the first workpiece and is arranged between the end part of the second workpiece extending into the cavity and the inner bottom wall of the cavity of the first workpiece; the lap joint braze joint is of an annular structure;
the second workpiece and the first workpiece are respectively made of copper and stainless steel;
the width of the butt joint brazing seam is larger than that of the lap joint brazing seam;
the gap width of the lap joint brazing seam is 0.02-0.08mm; the deviation of the gap width of the lap joint brazing seam is not more than 0.01mm, and the gap width of the butt joint brazing seam is 0.02-0.08mm; the deviation of the gap width of the butt joint brazing seam is not more than 0.01mm.
2. A vacuum brazing evaluation specimen for use in a vacuum brazing process according to claim 1, wherein the cavity mates with the elongated structure of the second workpiece by means of scarf joint, lap joint or butt joint.
3. A vacuum brazing evaluation test piece for evaluation of a vacuum brazing process according to claim 1 wherein the elongated structure comprises a rod, a tube or a plate.
4. A vacuum brazing evaluation test piece for evaluation of a vacuum brazing process according to claim 1, wherein the solder in the lap joint is in the form of a wire, powder or foil; the solder in the butt joint braze joint is in the form of thread, powder or foil.
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| CN116174830B (en) * | 2023-03-15 | 2023-10-10 | 上海齐耀动力技术有限公司 | Vacuum brazing method for improving brazing rate of pipe joint of superalloy heater |
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| CN112338309A (en) * | 2020-10-23 | 2021-02-09 | 西安远航真空钎焊技术有限公司 | Workpiece joint vacuum brazing method based on strength compensation |
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