CN114747328B - Screening device capable of detecting deep-sowing-resistant condition of rice germplasm - Google Patents
Screening device capable of detecting deep-sowing-resistant condition of rice germplasm Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of rice seed scientific research equipment, and particularly provides a screening device capable of detecting the deep sowing resistant condition of rice germplasm, which comprises: the data acquisition module is used for acquiring basic data of test rice seeds, sowing area data and budding data after the rice seeds are sowed; the rice seed identification module is used for identifying the characteristics of test rice seeds according to the basic data and carrying out classification marking on various rice seeds; the seeding area planning module is used for performing seeding planning according to the seeding area data; the sowing mechanism is used for sowing the rice seeds after the classified marking according to the sowing plan; the germplasm analysis module is used for analyzing and screening the deep sowing resistant rice seeds and the characteristics of the rice seeds according to the classification marks and the budding data of the rice seeds; and the main control module is used for controlling the whole process of rice seed screening. The invention can be used for the research of screening excellent rice seeds with high deep-seeding resistant rate of emergence, can reduce the influence factors in the research and simplify the analysis.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of rice seed scientific research equipment, in particular to a screening device capable of detecting the deep sowing resistant condition of rice germplasm.
Background
The rice is one of the main grain crops in China, the yield of the rice is related to various factors such as climate, soil texture, field management, rice seeds and the like, wherein the rice seeds are the most main influencing factors, and the excellent rice seeds need to have the characteristics of high emergence rate, anti-disease property, lodging resistance and the like.
With the rapid development of economy in China, the labor price rises rapidly, the labor cost of agricultural production is greatly increased, a large-scale low-cost efficient production mode gradually becomes the mainstream, the young and the young are transferred to the city, the old and the women become rural labor force subjects, the traditional rice planting mode mainly based on manual labor is difficult to continue, and the simplified large-scale production gradually becomes the main mode of rice production. The rice direct seeding is labor-saving, labor-saving and low in cost, is an important simple cultivation mode, and the rice direct seeding has larger and larger planting area in China; particularly, the direct seeding of japonica rice in north gradually becomes the main cultivation form, for example, the direct seeding planting in Jiangsu, henan and Shandong of Huang-Huai rice area takes the domination, and the direct seeding in northeast and northwest is also developed rapidly. However, for a long time, the rice production in China is mainly based on transplanting and planting, the shortage of varieties suitable for direct seeding severely restricts the popularization and development of the direct seeding production mode of rice, the working strength needs to be increased from the aspects of resource screening, germplasm innovation, new variety breeding and the like, and a solid germplasm and variety foundation is laid for the continuous development of the direct seeding production of rice and the guarantee of national grain safety.
The direct seeding mode of rice can be divided into three types of dry direct seeding, wet direct seeding and water direct seeding. The dry direct seeding refers to direct seeding in dry soil or soil with soil moisture lower than field water holding capacity, dry rice seeds are needed, the dry direct seeding mainly comprises three seeding modes of dry broadcasting, dry drilling and dry hole seeding, the dry direct seeding requires controllable seeding depth and over-deep seeding, the emergence rate is easy to be low, the herbicide is sprayed after the seeding, and weeds are controlled before the seedlings. The wet direct seeding refers to direct seeding in a field with saturated soil water and no accumulated water, most of the rice seeds subjected to germination are adopted, but wet direct seeding is also carried out by using dry rice seeds, a broadcast seeding and drill seeding method is generally adopted, the requirement on land preparation for wet direct seeding is high, the field surface is uneven, water is easily drained and unsmooth, dead seeds and seedlings are lacked, and weeds are controlled by post-seedling stem and leaf treatment. Direct seeding refers to the sowing of rice seeds in the field by flooding to a certain depth, thereby controlling weeds, and can be used for sowing seeds which hasten germination or only soaked seeds, or dry rice seeds.
The main problems of direct seeding production of rice are as follows:
1. short-growing-period rice variety suitable for direct seeding lack in production
The rice direct seeding production and the traditional transplanting planting have great difference on the requirements of varieties, most japonica rice areas in China are rice and wheat double-cropping, the rice direct seeding after wheat requires a shorter growth period than transplanting, and the long-term transplanting variety breeding causes the lack of current short-growth-period excellent varieties.
Meanwhile, direct seeding planting requires that the lodging resistance of the variety is stronger, compact planting is resistant, the early seedling emergence capability is strong, the growth is vigorous, and the characteristics of the variety are different from those of transplanted rice. Therefore, the rice variety suitable for direct seeding is urgently needed for the current rice production.
2. Problem of 'one-time sowing whole seedling' of direct sowing rice
In the production of direct seeding rice, "one seeding whole seedling" is always the primary factor influencing sufficient population quantity, and is also the main problem of low and unstable yield of direct seeding rice, and it directly influences the initial seedling number of population, and further influences population quality and regulation and control technology. Unlike transplanted rice seedling fields with flat fields, shallow sowing depth, easy control of moisture content and ideal seed germination conditions, direct-seeded rice seeds germinate in more complex field environments, the field flatness is difficult to control, the flatness is possibly deficient, the moisture is difficult to control, and the sowing depth is difficult to control; meanwhile, a series of physiological and non-physiological stresses inhibit the growth of seeds into normal seedlings, including low-temperature stress, anoxic stress and the like; various factors influence the 'one-time sowing whole seedling' of the direct sowing rice. In production, the seeding quantity is increased to ensure the seedling quality, the seeding quantity is increased to 12.5 kilograms per mu, and large-area seedling shortage is still caused once unexpected factors (such as field leveling problem, seeding depth problem, weather and the like) are met.
3. The control of weeds is the key of direct seeding production of rice
Compared with transplanting rice fields, weed seeds and rice seeds in direct-seeding rice fields grow simultaneously, weeds grow faster than rice seeds, and weeds in the fields are various in types, large in density and serious in weeds, so that the control of weeds in the rice fields is a key problem for direct-seeding rice field management. From the 60 s, direct-seeded rice is replaced by transplanted rice in many rural areas in China, the direct-seeded rice planting area is rapidly reduced after popularization and even the rice is abandoned in individual places in the 70 s, wherein the difficulty in weed control in the direct-seeded rice field is a main reason.
The growth of direct-seeded rice in the early stage is slow, dry-wet alternative management is required, weeds cannot be controlled, the growth of the weeds is promoted, weeds are aggravated, the weeds are mainly controlled by the herbicides at present, refractory weeds in paddy fields such as swamp, paspalum, moleplant seeds and the like belong to the same gramineae as rice, the application is limited, in particular in the prevention and removal of the weeds after seedling, penoxsulam, moleplant, quinclorac and the like are mainly used at present, and the weeds can generate resistance after long-term single pesticide use.
4. Easy lodging problem of direct seeding rice
Directly sowing rice seeds without transplanting, and having shallow root systems; meanwhile, the sowing amount is large, the population is also large, the difficulty of fertilizer and water management in the later period is increased, lodging is easily caused, the lodging resistance of the direct-sowing rice variety is also an important influence factor, and the lodging of the direct-sowing rice can be reduced by deep sowing.
Therefore, direct-seeding rice seeds are not transplanted, shallow-seeding roots are shallow, seeding quantity is large, population is large, difficulty in fertilizer and water management in the later period is increased, lodging is easily caused, and yield is affected; deep sowing can reduce lodging of direct-seeded rice, but can reduce the rate of emergence, also affecting yield. Therefore, screening of excellent rice seeds with high deep-sowing-resistant emergence rate is an important research direction for realizing rice yield increase, and in order to eliminate interference and simplify research and analysis, the invention provides a screening device capable of detecting the deep-sowing-resistant condition of rice germplasm.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides a screening device capable of detecting the deep sowing resistant condition of rice germplasm, which comprises:
the data acquisition module is used for acquiring basic data of test rice seeds, sowing area data and budding data after the rice seeds are sowed;
the rice seed identification module is used for identifying the characteristics of test rice seeds according to the basic data and carrying out classification marking on various rice seeds;
the seeding area planning module is used for performing seeding planning according to the seeding area data;
the sowing mechanism is used for sowing the rice seeds after the classified marking according to the sowing plan;
the germplasm analysis module is used for analyzing and screening the deep sowing resistant rice seeds and the rice seed characteristics according to the classification marks and the budding data of the rice seeds;
and the main control module is used for controlling the whole process of rice seed screening.
Optionally, the data acquisition module is connected with a CCD camera, a millimeter wave radar and a color digital video camera;
the CCD camera is used for shooting rice seed images of various test rice seeds as basic data of the test rice seeds;
the millimeter wave radar is used for scanning a tested seeding area to acquire seeding area data;
the color digital camera is used for shooting images of the sowing area after test rice seeds are sowed in the sowing area for a set number of days, and identifying budding data of the rice seeds from the images of the sowing area.
Optionally, the rice seed identification module performs the following processing on the rice seed images of the test rice seeds:
preprocessing the rice seed image;
extracting test rice seed characteristics from the preprocessed rice seed images;
processing the characteristics of the test rice seeds by adopting a data fusion technology, and identifying the state parameters of various rice seeds;
and classifying and marking various rice varieties according to the state parameters.
Optionally, the seeding area planning module performs seeding planning in the following manner:
establishing a two-dimensional plane coordinate system;
importing the data of the seeding area into a two-dimensional plane coordinate system to obtain a plane coordinate diagram of the seeding area;
drawing a grid with regular triangles as basic units on a plane coordinate graph of a sowing area by taking a set distance as a side length, taking each vertex of each regular triangle in the grid as a rice seed direct sowing point, and recording coordinate values of each rice seed direct sowing point;
distributing rice seed direct sowing points for various rice seeds according to the classification marks, and associating the classification marks of the rice seeds with the coordinate values of the distributed rice seed direct sowing points.
Optionally, the sowing mechanism comprises a travelling assembly, and a rice seed hopper, a conveying assembly, a direct sowing assembly and a covering assembly which are mounted on the travelling assembly;
the advancing assembly is used for driving the rice seed hopper, the conveying assembly, the direct seeding assembly and the covering assembly to move along the seeding direction;
the rice seed hopper is used for receiving rice seeds which are classified and marked;
the conveying assembly is respectively connected with the rice seed hopper and the direct seeding assembly and is used for conveying the rice seeds in the rice seed hopper to the direct seeding assembly in a grading manner;
the direct seeding component is used for pressing the rice seeds into a set depth corresponding to a direct seeding point of the rice seeds according to a seeding plan;
the cover assembly is located the direct subassembly and deviates from the seeding direction position, the cover assembly is used for covering the direct seeding point of the rice seeds after planting the rice seeds with earth.
Optionally, the advancing assembly comprises a frame body, a roller, an advancing motor and a track arranged along the sowing direction;
the frame body is used for mounting a rice seed hopper, a conveying assembly, a direct seeding assembly and a covering assembly;
the roller is arranged on the frame body through a bearing, and the roller can roll on the track;
the travelling motor is fixedly arranged on the frame body, and an output shaft of the travelling motor is in transmission connection with the roller
Optionally, the direct seeding assembly comprises a direct seeding cavity, a seeding motor, a transmission gear and a seed pressing rod;
the direct seeding cavity is provided with a seeding port and is used for scattering the received rice seeds on a rice seed direct seeding point through the seeding port;
the sowing motor is fixed on the direct sowing cavity;
the transmission gear is in transmission connection with an output shaft of the sowing motor;
the side surface of the seed pressing rod is provided with a second rack which is meshed with the transmission gear, the seed pressing rod is vertically installed in the direct seeding cavity through a support, and the lower end of the seed pressing rod is opposite to the seeding port.
Optionally, the conveying assembly comprises a first conveying section and a second conveying section which can slide relatively to realize extension or contraction;
one end of the first conveying section is connected with an outlet of the rice seed hopper by a vertical pin shaft, so that the first conveying section can swing left and right around the vertical pin shaft;
one end of the second conveying section is clamped with the other end of the first conveying section through a sliding groove, and the other end of the second conveying section is hinged with the direct seeding assembly;
the direct seeding assembly is provided with a transmission screw rod perpendicular to the seeding direction, and the transmission screw rod is provided with a servo motor; the transmission screw rod is rotatably connected with the frame body.
Optionally, the color digital camera is configured with an image preprocessing module, a seeding planning matching module, a preliminary judgment module, a rice sprout identification module and a parallel module;
the image preprocessing module is used for preprocessing the seeding area image;
the sowing plan matching module is used for acquiring a sowing plan and determining pixel positioning areas in sowing area images corresponding to various rice direct seeding points according to the sowing plan;
the preliminary judgment module is used for calculating the color contrast of the pixel positioning area and the adjacent area thereof, and preliminarily judging that the rice seed direct seeding point corresponding to the pixel positioning area is in a suspected budding state if the color contrast is not less than a contrast threshold value;
the rice sprout identification module is used for extracting image characteristics of a corresponding pixel positioning area of a rice seed direct seeding point with a suspected budding state, and if the existence of rice sprouts is determined through the image characteristics, the budding of the rice seed sowed in the rice seed direct seeding point corresponding to the pixel positioning area is determined, and budding data is obtained.
Optionally, the germplasm analysis module includes a correlation submodule, a classification statistic calculation submodule, a sorting submodule and a screening submodule;
the association submodule is used for associating the classified and marked rice seeds with the budding data;
the classification counting and calculating submodule is used for classifying and counting the budding number of the rice seeds according to the classification marks of the rice seeds and the associated budding data and calculating the budding rate of each classified rice seed;
the sorting submodule is used for sorting the classified rice seeds according to the germination rate from high to low to form a germination rate sorting table;
the screening submodule is used for selecting the classified rice seeds with the germination rate not less than a set proportional threshold value from the germination rate sorting table as the output deep-sowing resistant rice seeds and outputting the characteristics of the deep-sowing resistant rice seeds.
The screening device capable of detecting the deep sowing resistant condition of the rice germplasm comprises a main control module, a data acquisition module, a rice variety identification module, a sowing area planning module and a germplasm analysis module, wherein the main control module is connected with the data acquisition module, the rice variety identification module, the sowing area planning module and a sowing mechanism; the invention can be used for carrying out deep-seeding resistance analysis and screening on different types of rice seeds at the same direct seeding depth under the conditions of the same soil quality, climate conditions and field management, and can also be used for carrying out deep-seeding resistance analysis on the same type of rice seeds at different direct seeding depths, and the invention can simplify the analysis by simplifying the influence factors in rice seed screening as much as possible; according to the invention, the analysis conclusion can be automatically obtained through the control of the main control module, the workload of researchers is reduced, the research efficiency is improved, the artificial influence and errors in the research process can be reduced, the analysis and conclusion are objective, and the reliability of the research and the reliability of the result are improved.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and claims hereof as well as the appended drawings.
The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail by the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a screening apparatus capable of detecting the deep-seeding resistance of rice germplasm in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the connection of a data acquisition module with a CCD camera, a millimeter wave radar and a color digital video camera in the embodiment of the screening device capable of detecting the deep-seeding resistance of rice germplasm according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a sowing mechanism adopted in an embodiment of the screening device capable of detecting the deep sowing resistant condition of rice germplasm of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a traveling assembly adopted by a sowing mechanism in an embodiment of the screening device capable of detecting the deep sowing tolerance of rice germplasm according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a direct seeding assembly adopted by a seeding mechanism in an embodiment of the screening device capable of detecting the deep-seeding resistance of rice germplasm of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a top soil germination capacity distribution diagram obtained by testing 197 germplasms with the screening device capable of detecting the deep sowing tolerance of rice germplasms.
Detailed Description
The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, and it will be understood that they are described herein for the purpose of illustration and explanation and not limitation.
As shown in fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides a screening apparatus capable of detecting a deep-seeding resistance condition of a rice germplasm, including:
the data acquisition module 10 is used for acquiring basic data of test rice seeds, sowing area data and budding data after the rice seeds are sowed;
a rice seed identification module 20 for performing test rice seed feature recognition according to the basic data and performing classification marking on various rice seeds;
a seeding area planning module 40 for performing seeding planning according to the seeding area data;
a sowing mechanism 50 for sowing the rice seeds after the classification marking according to a sowing plan;
the germplasm analysis module 60 is used for analyzing and screening the deep sowing resistant rice seeds and the characteristics of the rice seeds according to the classification marks and the budding data of the rice seeds;
and the main control module 30 is used for controlling the whole process of rice seed screening.
The working principle and the beneficial effects of the technical scheme are as follows: according to the scheme, the main control module, the data acquisition module, the rice seed identification module, the seeding area planning module and the germplasm analysis module are connected with the main control module, the seeding area planning module is connected with the seeding mechanism, the rice seed identification module is used for rice seed classification marking, the seeding area planning module is used for rice seed seeding planning, influence factors are reduced through seeding planning, analysis is simplified in research, the seeding mechanism is used for direct seeding of rice seeds, days are set at intervals after the direct seeding is completed, the germplasm analysis module is used for germination statistics and analysis of various rice seeds, and deep-seeding-resistant rice seeds and rice seed characteristics are screened out; the invention can be used for carrying out deep-seeding resistance analysis and screening on different types of rice seeds at the same direct seeding depth under the conditions of the same soil quality, climate conditions and field management, and can also be used for carrying out deep-seeding resistance analysis on the same type of rice seeds at different direct seeding depths, and the invention can simplify the analysis by simplifying the influence factors in rice seed screening as much as possible; according to the invention, the analysis conclusion can be automatically obtained through the control of the main control module, the workload of researchers is reduced, the research efficiency is improved, the artificial influence and errors in the research process can be reduced, the analysis and conclusion are objective, and the reliability of the research and the reliability of the result are improved.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, the data acquisition module 10 is connected with a CCD camera 11, a millimeter wave radar 12 and a color digital video camera 13;
the CCD camera 11 is used for shooting rice seed images of various test rice seeds as basic data of the test rice seeds;
the millimeter wave radar 12 is used for scanning a tested seeding area to acquire seeding area data;
the color digital camera 13 is used for shooting images of the sowing area after the test rice seeds are sown in the sowing area for a set number of days, and identifying budding data of the rice seeds from the images of the sowing area.
The working principle and the beneficial effects of the technical scheme are as follows: according to the scheme, a CCD camera, a millimeter wave radar and a color digital video camera are arranged and are respectively used for adopting basic data of test rice seeds, sowing area data and budding data of the rice seeds; the basic data can comprise the surface color, the appearance shape, the plumpness and the like of the rice seeds, and is beneficial to acquiring the characteristics of the rice seeds and classifying the rice seeds; the set days are determined according to the air temperature and the time length required by rice seed germination; the scheme can obtain various key data required by rice seed deep-sowing-resistant research, and is favorable for smooth rice seed deep-sowing-resistant research.
In one embodiment, the rice seed identification module 20 includes a preprocessing sub-module, a feature extraction sub-module, a data fusion sub-module and a marking sub-module, and performs the following processing on rice seed images of each test rice seed:
preprocessing the rice seed image by a preprocessing submodule;
extracting test rice seed characteristics from the preprocessed rice seed image by using a characteristic extraction submodule;
processing the test rice seed characteristics by a data fusion sub-module by adopting a data fusion technology, and identifying the state parameters of various rice seeds;
and the marking submodule is used for classifying and marking various rice varieties according to the state parameters.
The working principle and the beneficial effects of the technical scheme are as follows: according to the scheme, noise interference in the rice seed image is eliminated through pretreatment, the rice seed image quality is improved, and the identification precision is favorably improved; the state parameters of the rice seeds are identified by extracting the characteristics of the test rice seeds and processing the characteristics through a data fusion technology, so that the identification efficiency and precision can be improved, and the accuracy and reliability of the classification marks are improved.
In one embodiment, the seeding area planning module 40 performs seeding planning as follows:
establishing a two-dimensional plane coordinate system;
importing the data of the seeding area into a two-dimensional plane coordinate system to obtain a plane coordinate diagram of the seeding area;
drawing a grid with regular triangles as basic units on a plane coordinate graph of a sowing area by taking a set distance as a side length, taking each vertex of each regular triangle in the grid as a rice seed direct sowing point, and recording coordinate values of each rice seed direct sowing point;
distributing rice seed direct seeding points for various rice seeds according to the classification marks, and associating the classification marks of the rice seeds with the coordinate values of the distributed rice seed direct seeding points.
The working principle and the beneficial effects of the technical scheme are as follows: according to the scheme, a two-dimensional coordinate mode is adopted for seeding planning, so that the planning is digital, and the precision and the efficiency of seeding planning are improved; the interval of each direct seeding position is kept equal through seeding planning, direct seeding positions (coordinates) marked with various rice seeds are distributed, the seeding depth is determined, and the interval of each direct seeding position (coordinate) is kept equal; the influence of different direct seeding distances on rice seed germination can be eliminated, analysis is further simplified, and research efficiency is improved.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, the sowing mechanism 50 includes a traveling assembly 51, and a rice hopper 52, a conveying assembly 53, a direct sowing assembly 54 and a covering assembly 55 mounted on the traveling assembly 51;
the traveling assembly 51 is used for driving the rice seed bucket 52, the conveying assembly 53, the direct seeding assembly 54 and the covering assembly 55 to move along the seeding direction;
the rice seed hopper 52 is used for receiving the rice seeds which are classified and marked;
the conveying assembly 53 is respectively connected with the rice seed bucket 52 and the direct seeding assembly 54, and the conveying assembly 53 is used for conveying the rice seeds in the rice seed bucket 52 to the direct seeding assembly 54 in a grading manner;
the direct seeding component 54 is used for pressing the rice seeds into the set depth of the corresponding rice seed direct seeding points according to the seeding plan;
the cover assembly 55 is located the position of the direct seeding assembly 54 deviating from the seeding direction, and the cover assembly 55 is used for covering soil on the direct seeding point of the rice seeds implanted.
The working principle and the beneficial effects of the technical scheme are as follows: according to the scheme, various marked rice seeds are sown according to the distributed direct sowing positions (coordinates) and the determined direct sowing depth through the sowing mechanism with the structure; live the location through advancing subassembly and live subassembly, through live subassembly and the live degree of depth of cover subassembly control, can realize the location of the direct seeding of rice seed and the accurate control of degree of depth, realize the process control of rice seed screening research, provide good basis for the research.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 4, the travel assembly 51 includes a frame body 512, a roller 513, a travel motor 514, and a rail 511 provided along a sowing direction;
the frame body 512 is used for installing the rice seed hopper 52, the conveying assembly 53, the direct seeding assembly 54 and the covering assembly 55;
the roller 513 is mounted on the frame body 512 through a bearing, and the roller 513 can roll on the track 511;
the traveling motor 514 is fixedly arranged on the frame body 512, and an output shaft of the traveling motor 514 is in transmission connection with the roller 513;
a door-shaped frame 515 is fixed at the lower end of the frame body 512, the roller 513 is installed in the door-shaped frame 515 through a bearing, the rail 511 is in an I shape, and the I-shaped upper end part of the rail 511 is clamped in the door-shaped frame 515 and is in contact with the outer peripheral surface of the roller 513;
the roller 513 is in a gear shape, and the upper end surface of the rail 511 is provided with a first rack tooth meshed with the gear.
The working principle and the beneficial effects of the technical scheme are as follows: the scheme realizes the movement along the sowing direction by the rolling of the roller wheels on the track, thereby facilitating the implementation of continuous sowing; the stability and the reliability of movement are improved by arranging the door-shaped frame, and the roller is prevented from derailing; through set the gyro wheel to the gear form and on the track end set up with gear engagement and first rack tooth, improve the accuracy nature of displacement control through the gear cooperation, prevent that gyro wheel and track from taking place relative slip and leading to the displacement deviation and influence seeding interval control accuracy.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 5, the direct seeding assembly 54 includes a direct seeding cavity 541, a seeding motor 542, a transmission gear 543 and a seed pressing rod 544;
the direct seeding cavity 541 is provided with a seeding opening, and the direct seeding cavity 541 is used for scattering the received rice seeds on a rice seed direct seeding point through the seeding opening;
the sowing motor 542 is fixed on the direct sowing cavity 541;
the transmission gear 543 is in transmission connection with an output shaft of the sowing motor 542;
the side surface of the seed pressing rod 544 is provided with a second rack which is meshed with the transmission gear 543, the seed pressing rod 544 is vertically installed in the direct seeding cavity 541 through a bracket 546, and the lower end of the seed pressing rod 544 is opposite to the seeding port;
the bracket 5446 is provided with a first clip member 548 and a second clip member 547, the seed pressing rod 544 is provided with a vertical guide groove 545, the first clip member 548 is inserted into the vertical guide groove 545, and the second clip member 547 is sleeved on the outer peripheral surface of the seed pressing rod 544.
The working principle and the beneficial effects of the technical scheme are as follows: according to the scheme, the transmission gear is driven to rotate by the seeding motor, the transmission gear is in meshing transmission with the second teeth on the seed pressing rod, the rotating motion of the transmission gear is converted into the ascending or descending movement of the seed pressing rod in the vertical direction, rice seeds are pressed into soil when the seed pressing rod descends, the rice seed direct sowing depth control is realized by controlling the descending amount, and the direct sowing depth can be accurately controlled by adopting gear transmission; the first clamping piece and the second clamping piece are used for limiting the seed pressing rod to move in the vertical direction; in addition, can also set up the mud scraper in the seeding mouth outside of direct seeding cavity for strike off the earth that presses kind of pole surface probably adhesion, avoid leading to the adhesion of rice kind to press kind of pole side because adhesion earth, prevent to cause rice kind direct seeding error or degree of depth deviation from this.
In one embodiment, the conveying assembly comprises a first conveying section and a second conveying section which can slide relatively to realize extension or contraction;
one end of the first conveying section is connected with an outlet of the rice seed hopper by a vertical pin shaft, so that the first conveying section can swing left and right around the vertical pin shaft;
one end of the second conveying section is clamped with the other end of the first conveying section through a sliding groove, and the other end of the second conveying section is hinged with the direct seeding assembly;
the direct seeding assembly is provided with a transmission screw rod perpendicular to the seeding direction, and the transmission screw rod is provided with a servo motor; the transmission screw rod is rotatably connected with the frame body.
The working principle and the beneficial effects of the technical scheme are as follows: this scheme is through setting conveying assembly to two section structures that can the horizontal hunting and follow the swing and stretch out and draw back, the cooperation is given live subassembly configuration transmission lead screw, it is rotatory to drive the transmission lead screw by servo motor, the rotatory live subassembly that drives of transmission lead screw is controlled along the transmission lead screw and is removed, can realize controlling (abscissa) the seeding on different rice seeds direct broadcast points when seeding direction (ordinate) same position, in order to improve seeding efficiency, reduce the total displacement distance of subassembly when the seeding of marcing, reduce the seeding energy consumption.
In one embodiment, the color digital camera is provided with an image preprocessing module, a seeding plan matching module, a preliminary judgment module and a rice bud identification module;
the image preprocessing module is used for preprocessing the seeding region image;
the sowing plan matching module is used for acquiring a sowing plan and determining pixel positioning areas in sowing area images corresponding to various rice direct seeding points according to the sowing plan;
the preliminary judgment module is used for calculating the color contrast of the pixel positioning area and the adjacent area thereof, and preliminarily judging that the rice seed direct seeding point corresponding to the pixel positioning area is in a suspected budding state if the color contrast is not less than a contrast threshold value;
the rice sprout identification module is used for extracting image characteristics of a corresponding pixel positioning area of a rice seed direct seeding point with a suspected budding state, and if the existence of rice sprouts is determined through the image characteristics, the budding of the rice seed sowed in the rice seed direct seeding point corresponding to the pixel positioning area is determined, and budding data is obtained.
The working principle and the beneficial effects of the technical scheme are as follows: according to the scheme, the image preprocessing module, the sowing planning matching module, the preliminary judgment module and the rice sprout identification module are configured for the color digital camera, so that processing and identification of the images of the sowing area are realized, the sowing planning matching module is combined with the rice seed direct sowing points of the sowing planning to determine the pixel positioning area in the images of the corresponding sowing area, the range of the images of the sowing area needing attention is reduced, and the data processing amount is reduced; the preliminary judgment module is used for determining the rice seed direct seeding points with suspected budding states, so that the range can be further reduced, the data processing speed is accelerated, and the efficiency is improved; the rice sprout identification module can improve the precision of sprout identification, avoid mistaking weeds growing at a direct seeding point of rice seeds as rice seed sprouting, and obtain more accurate sprout data; the color contrast is a color data difference of different pixel points, and may include a sum of a hue data difference, a purity data difference, and a brightness data difference.
In one embodiment, the germplasm analysis module comprises an association submodule, a classification statistic calculation submodule, an ordering submodule and a screening submodule;
the association submodule is used for associating the classified and marked rice seeds with the budding data;
the classification counting and calculating submodule is used for classifying and counting the budding number of the rice seeds according to the classification marks of the rice seeds and the associated budding data and calculating the budding rate of each classified rice seed;
the sorting submodule is used for sorting the classified rice seeds according to the germination rate from high to low to form a germination rate sorting table;
the screening submodule is used for selecting the classified rice seeds with the germination rate not less than the set proportional threshold value from the germination rate sorting table as the output deep-sowing-resistant rice seeds and outputting the characteristics of the deep-sowing-resistant rice seeds.
The working principle and the beneficial effects of the technical scheme are as follows: according to the scheme, the association submodule, the classification statistical calculation submodule, the sequencing submodule and the screening submodule are arranged, on the basis of associating the classified marked rice seeds with the germination data, the germination quantity and the germination rate of each classified rice seed are counted and calculated, the germination rate is sequenced, and the advantages and the disadvantages of each classified rice seed in the aspect of deep sowing resistance can be obtained more visually; and quickly screening rice seeds with excellent deep sowing resistance by taking the set proportional threshold as a comparison limit value, and finding out the rice seed characteristics of the rice seeds with excellent deep sowing resistance through the correlation between the rice seeds and the rice seed characteristics.
In one embodiment, the main control module is connected with a positioning compensation module, and the positioning compensation module calculates a system error according to the following formula:
in the above equation, σ represents a system error; n represents the number of the collected positioning data of the sowing mechanism; x is the number of k A kth positioning data representing a sowing mechanism;
an average value representing positioning data for the sowing mechanism;
and correcting the positioning of the sowing mechanism relative to the rice seed direct sowing point according to the system error, and controlling the sowing of the sowing mechanism according to the correction result.
The working principle and the beneficial effects of the technical scheme are as follows: this scheme is through setting up the positioning compensation module, adopts above-mentioned formula calculation system error to this location data of revise sowing mechanism for the direct broadcast point of kind of rice, and the seeding of location data control sowing mechanism after revising according to this, the positioning influence that reduces system error and bring improves the accuracy nature to the seeding position.
The screening device capable of detecting the deep sowing resistance of the rice germplasm can also be provided with a memory and a display; the memory is used for storing the acquired data and the analysis result, so that the data management and storage are convenient, and the traceability of the data is realized; the display is used for displaying the acquired data and the analysis result and realizing the visualization of the data and the research analysis conclusion.
For example, if 2000 collected japonica rice germplasm is used for experiments, research on identification method aiming at direct seeding resistance traits is carried out, accurate identification of direct seeding resistance is carried out on 2000 germplasm, a direct seeding resistance identification method system of japonica rice is obtained, and a batch of direct seeding resistance japonica rice germplasm is screened out.
The experiment is carried out in a Huang-Huai rice area, and in the experiment, the rice making system and the japonica rice direct seeding comprise the following steps: the direct seeding after wheat is a main mode of direct seeding of rice in Huang-Huai rice areas, the harvesting time of the wheat in the area is mainly in the last ten days of 6 months, the rice is generally directly seeded 6 months and 15 days before the next crop of the wheat, the safe ear-aligning period of the japonica rice in the area is at the bottom of 8 months and at the beginning of 9 months, the sowing history of the variety is safe about 75 days, and the traditional variety in the ecological area is rich in transplanted varieties and generally about 100 days, so that the sowing history is suitable for being the key for identifying the variety of the direct seeding rice. The method for controlling and directly seeding the weeds under the conditions of the soil and the water of the rice field comprises the following steps: the paddy soil in the area is mainly sandy loam which is relatively heavy, the soil is not easy to harden, and the seeds are easy to emerge; meanwhile, water resources are relatively lacked, and the water retention capacity of the rice field is not strong; the weeds are less harmful than the weeds in rice areas in the south, and the difficulty in controlling the weeds is relatively reduced. Various factors determine the direct seeding condition of rice.
197 parts of japonica rice germplasm (including 189 germplasm suitable for direct seeding of japonica rice) was used as the test material. The test method comprises the following steps: the identification is carried out by utilizing a frame height control sowing depth deep-sowing resistant identification method, which comprises the following steps: the height of a frame is controlled by a seedling tray (the specification is 58cm multiplied by 28cm multiplied by 2.8 cm) of a bottom removing machine, the frame is placed on a flat seedling field, a test seedling field is manually excavated to be lower than the surrounding by 10cm, the surrounding is ditched to ensure that the water is conveniently drained and irrigated, 30 seeds are sowed in each germplasm, the soil covering depth is 7cm, the operation is repeated for 3 times, and the rate of emergence is identified after sowing for 10 to 12 days.
197 parts of germplasm top soil emergence capability anova results (shown in table 1) show that the difference between the repetitions is not significant, the difference between the germplasm is significant, the result is reliable, 197 parts of germplasm top soil emergence capability distribution are shown in fig. 6, and the identification results show that (shown in table 2) 17 parts of germplasm with an emergence rate of more than 40% are identified, wherein the emergence rates of 2 parts of germplasm are more than 60 and are respectively 75.6% and 61.1%, and the 2 parts of germplasm are excellent resources with strong top soil emergence capability.
TABLE 1 197 germplasm topsoil emergence Capacity analysis of variance
Table 2 germplasm emergence rates of 197 parts
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include such modifications and variations.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides a screening device that can detect resistant deep-seeding condition of rice germplasm which characterized in that includes:
the data acquisition module is used for acquiring basic data of test rice seeds, sowing area data and budding data after the rice seeds are sowed;
the rice seed identification module is used for identifying the characteristics of test rice seeds according to the basic data and carrying out classification marking on various rice seeds;
the seeding area planning module is used for performing seeding planning according to the seeding area data;
the sowing mechanism is used for sowing the rice seeds after the classified marking according to the sowing plan;
the germplasm analysis module is used for analyzing and screening the deep sowing resistant rice seeds and the characteristics of the rice seeds according to the classification marks and the budding data of the rice seeds;
the main control module is used for controlling the whole process of rice seed screening;
the sowing planning mode of the sowing area planning module is as follows:
establishing a two-dimensional plane coordinate system;
importing the data of the seeding area into a two-dimensional plane coordinate system to obtain a plane coordinate diagram of the seeding area;
drawing a grid with regular triangles as basic units on a plane coordinate graph of a sowing area by taking a set distance as a side length, taking each vertex of each regular triangle in the grid as a rice seed direct sowing point, and recording coordinate values of each rice seed direct sowing point;
distributing rice seed direct sowing points for various rice seeds according to the classification marks, and associating the classification marks of the rice seeds with the coordinate values of the distributed rice seed direct sowing points.
2. The screening device capable of detecting the deep-seeding resistance condition of the rice germplasm according to claim 1, wherein the data acquisition module is connected with a CCD camera, a millimeter wave radar and a color digital video camera;
the CCD camera is used for shooting rice seed images of various test rice seeds as basic data of the test rice seeds;
the millimeter wave radar is used for scanning a tested seeding area to acquire seeding area data;
the color digital camera is used for shooting images of the sowing area after test rice seeds are sowed in the sowing area for a set number of days, and identifying budding data of the rice seeds from the images of the sowing area.
3. The screening device capable of detecting the deep sowing resistant condition of rice germplasm according to claim 2, wherein the rice seed identification module performs the following processing on the rice seed image of each test rice seed:
preprocessing the rice seed image;
extracting test rice seed characteristics from the preprocessed rice seed images;
processing the characteristics of the test rice seeds by adopting a data fusion technology, and identifying the state parameters of various rice seeds;
and classifying and marking various rice varieties according to the state parameters.
4. The screening device capable of detecting the deep sowing resistant condition of the rice germplasm according to claim 1, wherein the sowing mechanism comprises a travelling assembly, and a rice seed hopper, a conveying assembly, a direct sowing assembly and a covering assembly which are arranged on the travelling assembly;
the advancing assembly is used for driving the rice seed bucket, the conveying assembly, the direct seeding assembly and the covering assembly to move along the seeding direction;
the rice seed hopper is used for receiving rice seeds which are classified and marked;
the conveying assembly is respectively connected with the rice seed hopper and the direct seeding assembly and is used for conveying the rice seeds in the rice seed hopper to the direct seeding assembly in a grading manner;
the direct seeding component is used for pressing the rice seeds into a set depth corresponding to a direct seeding point of the rice seeds according to a seeding plan;
the cover assembly is located the direct subassembly and deviates from the seeding direction position, the cover assembly is used for covering the direct seeding point of the rice seeds after planting the rice seeds with earth.
5. The screening device capable of detecting the deep sowing resistant condition of the rice germplasm according to claim 4, wherein the advancing assembly comprises a frame body, rollers, an advancing motor and a track arranged along the sowing direction;
the frame body is used for mounting a rice seed hopper, a conveying assembly, a direct seeding assembly and a covering assembly;
the roller is arranged on the frame body through a bearing and can roll on the track;
the advancing motor is fixedly arranged on the frame body, and an output shaft of the advancing motor is in transmission connection with the roller.
6. The screening device capable of detecting the deep sowing resistant condition of the rice germplasm according to claim 4, wherein the direct sowing assembly comprises a direct sowing cavity, a sowing motor, a transmission gear and a seed pressing rod;
the direct seeding cavity is provided with a seeding port and is used for scattering the received rice seeds on a rice seed direct seeding point through the seeding port;
the sowing motor is fixed on the direct sowing cavity;
the transmission gear is in transmission connection with an output shaft of the sowing motor;
the side surface of the seed pressing rod is provided with a second rack which is meshed with the transmission gear, the seed pressing rod is vertically installed in the direct seeding cavity through a support, and the lower end of the seed pressing rod is opposite to the seeding port.
7. The screening device capable of detecting the deep sowing tolerance of the rice germplasm according to claim 5, wherein the conveying assembly comprises a first conveying section and a second conveying section which can slide relatively to realize extension or contraction;
one end of the first conveying section is connected with an outlet of the rice seed hopper by a vertical pin shaft, so that the first conveying section can swing left and right around the vertical pin shaft;
one end of the second conveying section is clamped with the other end of the first conveying section through a sliding groove, and the other end of the second conveying section is hinged with the direct seeding assembly;
the direct seeding assembly is provided with a transmission screw rod perpendicular to the seeding direction, and the transmission screw rod is provided with a servo motor; the transmission screw rod is rotatably connected with the frame body.
8. The screening device capable of detecting the deep-seeding resistance condition of the rice germplasm according to claim 2, wherein the color digital camera is provided with an image preprocessing module, a seeding planning matching module, a preliminary judgment module, a rice bud recognition module and a parallel module;
the image preprocessing module is used for preprocessing the seeding area image;
the seeding plan matching module is used for acquiring a seeding plan and determining a pixel positioning area in a seeding area image corresponding to each rice direct seeding point according to the seeding plan;
the preliminary judgment module is used for calculating the color contrast of the pixel positioning area and the adjacent area thereof, and preliminarily judging that the rice seed direct seeding point corresponding to the pixel positioning area is in a suspected budding state if the color contrast is not less than a contrast threshold value;
the rice sprout identification module is used for extracting image characteristics of a corresponding pixel positioning area of a rice seed direct seeding point with a suspected budding state, and if the existence of rice sprouts is determined through the image characteristics, the budding of the rice seed sowed in the rice seed direct seeding point corresponding to the pixel positioning area is determined, and budding data is obtained.
9. The screening device capable of detecting the deep sowing tolerance of the rice germplasm according to claim 1, wherein the germplasm analysis module comprises an association submodule, a classification statistic calculation submodule, a sequencing submodule and a screening submodule;
the association submodule is used for associating the classified and marked rice seeds with the germination data;
the classification counting and calculating submodule is used for classifying and counting the budding number of the rice seeds according to the classification marks of the rice seeds and the associated budding data and calculating the budding rate of each classified rice seed;
the sorting submodule is used for sorting the classified rice seeds according to the germination rate from high to low to form a germination rate sorting table;
the screening submodule is used for selecting the classified rice seeds with the germination rate not less than the set proportional threshold value from the germination rate sorting table as the output deep-sowing-resistant rice seeds and outputting the characteristics of the deep-sowing-resistant rice seeds.
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| CN108243678B (en) * | 2018-01-29 | 2021-08-10 | 深圳春沐源控股有限公司 | Intelligent machine sowing system and control method and device thereof |
| CN209299702U (en) * | 2018-12-28 | 2019-08-27 | 宁夏润丰种业有限公司 | A kind of rice paddy seed seeder |
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| CN210183843U (en) * | 2019-06-20 | 2020-03-27 | 宁夏农林科学院农作物研究所（宁夏回族自治区农作物育种中心） | Identification device for saline-alkali resistance of rice in bud stage |
| CN113826520B (en) * | 2021-09-30 | 2022-08-16 | 五河县绿色农产品协会 | Method for screening stable-yield wheat varieties with strong tolerance |
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