CN114746375A - 汽车用的夹层玻璃 - Google Patents
汽车用的夹层玻璃 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN114746375A CN114746375A CN202080083731.0A CN202080083731A CN114746375A CN 114746375 A CN114746375 A CN 114746375A CN 202080083731 A CN202080083731 A CN 202080083731A CN 114746375 A CN114746375 A CN 114746375A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- glass plate
- glass
- laminated glass
- film
- automobile
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
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- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 4
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- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
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- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910000422 cerium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L hydroxy(oxo)manganese;manganese Chemical compound [Mn].O[Mn]=O.O[Mn]=O AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
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- QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper oxide Chemical compound [Cu]=O QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Na2O Inorganic materials [O-2].[Na+].[Na+] KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DQXBYHZEEUGOBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N but-3-enoic acid;ethene Chemical compound C=C.OC(=O)CC=C DQXBYHZEEUGOBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZFZQOKHLXAVJIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;boric acid;dihydroxy(dioxido)silane Chemical compound [Zn+2].OB(O)O.O[Si](O)([O-])[O-] ZFZQOKHLXAVJIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
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Abstract
本发明的夹层玻璃具有:弯曲的外侧玻璃板;弯曲的内侧面板,该内侧面板与上述外侧玻璃板对置配置,且小于上述外侧玻璃板;和中间膜,该中间膜配置在上述外侧玻璃板与内侧面板之间,且包含功能层,上述内侧面板的至少一部分配置在与上述外侧玻璃板的边缘相比更靠内侧的位置。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种汽车用的夹层玻璃。
背景技术
近年来,已提出由夹层玻璃构成除挡风玻璃之外的侧窗玻璃等汽车用玻璃的技术(例如专利文献1)。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:日本特开2017-65966号公报
发明内容
发明要解决的技术问题
然而,由于夹层玻璃使用2片弯曲的玻璃板,所以将它们贴合时,存在夹在中间的中间膜产生褶皱、或空气混入而形成气泡的顾虑。并且,这样的问题不仅出现于玻璃板,例如,在使用至少1片弯曲的树脂制面板的情况下,也会出现这种问题。本发明为了解决上述问题而提出,目的在于提供一种汽车用的夹层玻璃,该夹层玻璃在使用2片弯曲的玻璃板或面板的情况下,能够抑制夹在中间的中间膜产生褶皱或混入气泡。
用于解决技术问题的技术方案
项1.一种汽车用的夹层玻璃,其具有:弯曲的外侧玻璃板;弯曲的内侧面板,该内侧面板与上述外侧玻璃板对置配置,且小于上述外侧玻璃板;和中间膜,该中间膜配置在上述外侧玻璃板与内侧面板之间,且包含功能层,其中,上述内侧面板的至少一部分配置在与上述外侧玻璃板的边缘相比更靠内侧的位置。
项2.如项1所述的汽车用的夹层玻璃,其中,将上述外侧玻璃板中与上述内侧玻璃板对置的对置区域的水平方向的曲率半径设为Rx(mm),将上述外侧玻璃板的上下方向的曲率半径设为Ry(mm)时,将1/Rx*1/Ry*10-6规定为曲率指标,则上述曲率指标为2.4以下。
项3.如项2所述的汽车用的夹层玻璃,其中,上述对置区域的曲率指标为1.3以下。
项4.如项2或3所述的汽车用的夹层玻璃,其中,上述Rx为200~200000,上述Ry为1700~5000。
项5.如项1~4中任一项所述的汽车用的夹层玻璃,其中,安装于汽车后,具有至少1个向车外侧弯曲的凸部。
项6.如项1~5中任一项所述的汽车用的夹层玻璃,其中,上述功能层为调光膜。
项7.如项6所述的汽车用的夹层玻璃,其中,上述调光膜为PDLC型或SPD型。
项8.如项6或7所述的汽车用的夹层玻璃,其中,用于向上述调光膜施加电压的端子配置在上述内侧玻璃板的下端部。
项9.如项1~8中任一项所述的汽车用的夹层玻璃,其中,上述中间膜由多个片材形成,上述多个片材以隔开间隙的方式配置。
项10.如项1~9中任一项所述的汽车用的夹层玻璃,其中,上述内侧面板由玻璃板形成。
项11.如项1~10中任一项所述的汽车用的夹层玻璃,其中,上述外侧玻璃板具有透过来自车外的光的窗区域、以及遮蔽区域,该遮蔽区域包围上述窗区域,且叠层有遮蔽来自车外的光透过的遮蔽层,上述夹层玻璃以覆盖上述窗区域的方式安装有上述内侧面板。
项12.如项1~11中任一项所述的汽车用的夹层玻璃,其为汽车的后窗玻璃、后三角玻璃或侧窗玻璃。
项13.如项1~12中任一项所述的汽车用的夹层玻璃,其中,上述外侧玻璃板的厚度为1.6~4mm,上述内侧面板的厚度为0.3~2.3mm。
项14.如项1~13中任一项所述的汽车用的夹层玻璃,其中,上述中间膜具有一对上述粘接层,上述功能层配置在上述一对粘接层之间。
发明的效果
利用本发明的夹层玻璃能够减少重量。
附图说明
图1是表示将本发明的汽车用夹层玻璃适用于后窗玻璃的一个实施方式的俯视图。
图2是图1的剖面图。
图3是表示图1的后窗玻璃的其它例子的俯视图。
图4是表示图1的后窗玻璃的其它例子的俯视图。
图5是表示将本发明的汽车用夹层玻璃适用于侧窗玻璃的例子的俯视图。
图6是图5的A-A线剖面图。
图7是表示实施例的后窗玻璃的外侧玻璃板中的Rx的分布的图。
图8是表示实施例的后窗玻璃的外侧玻璃板中的曲率指标的分布的图。
图9是表示实施例的侧窗玻璃的外侧玻璃板中的曲率指标的分布的图。
具体实施方式
以下,关于将本发明的汽车用的夹层玻璃适用于后窗玻璃的情况的实施方式,参照附图进行说明。图1是本实施方式的后窗玻璃的俯视图,图2是图1的剖面图。另外,为了便于说明,将图1的上下方向称为“上下”、“垂直”、“纵向”,将图1的左右方向称为“左右”。
如图1所示,本实施方式的后窗玻璃具有:矩形形状的外侧玻璃板1;与该外侧玻璃板1的车内侧的面对置配置的内侧玻璃板2;和配置在上述外侧玻璃板1与内侧玻璃板2之间的中间膜3。以下,对各构成要素进行说明。
<1.外侧玻璃板>
外侧玻璃板1能够使用公知的玻璃板,也能够由吸热玻璃、普通的透明玻璃、绿玻璃或UV绿玻璃形成。但是,外侧玻璃板1需要实现依据汽车使用国家的安全标准的可见光透射率。例如,能够利用外侧玻璃板1确保所需的太阳辐射吸收率,并利用内侧玻璃板2调节可见光透射率以满足安全标准。以下,示出透明玻璃、吸热玻璃和钠钙系玻璃的一例。
(透明玻璃)
SiO2:70~73质量%
Al2O3:0.6~2.4质量%
CaO:7~12质量%
MgO:1.0~4.5质量%
R2O:13~15质量%(R为碱金属)
换算成Fe2O3的总氧化铁(T-Fe2O3):0.08~0.14质量%
(吸热玻璃)
吸热玻璃的组成例如能够设为如下组成:以透明玻璃的组成为基准,使换算成Fe2O3的总氧化铁(T-Fe2O3)的比例为0.4~1.3质量%,使CeO2的比例为0~2质量%,使TiO2的比例为0~0.5质量%,使玻璃的骨架成分(主要是SiO2或Al2O3)对应于T-Fe2O3、CeO2和TiO2的增加量相应减少。
(钠钙系玻璃)
SiO2:65~80质量%
Al2O3:0~5质量%
CaO:5~15质量%
MgO:2质量%以上
NaO:10~18质量%
K2O:0~5质量%
MgO+CaO:5~15质量%
Na2O+K2O:10~20质量%
SO3:0.05~0.3质量%
B2O3:0~5质量%
换算成Fe2O3的总氧化铁(T-Fe2O3):0.02~0.03质量%
如图1所示,外侧玻璃板1形成为具有上边11、下边12和一对侧边13的大致矩形形状。各侧边13由第一部位131和第二部位132构成,该第一部位131以随着从上边11的两端向下方去,向两侧拓宽的方式延伸,该第二部位132从该第一部位131的下端起,以朝向外侧玻璃板1的左右方向中心侧的方式,向斜下方延伸。然后,以连接两个第二部位132的下端之间的方式,下边12以大致水平方向延伸。此外,下边12形成为比上边11稍短。
如图2所示,外侧玻璃板1具有:一对侧部区域101,其位于比下边12的两端在水平方向上更靠外侧的位置;和中央区域102,其配置在这些侧部区域101之间。中央区域102以向车外侧凸出的方式,沿着上下方向和水平方向三维地弯曲。此外,侧部区域101也同样,沿着上下方向和水平方向三维地弯曲,但是,特别是与中央区域102相比,水平方向的曲率半径更小。
外侧玻璃板1主要需要具有对于来自外部的伤害的耐久性、和耐冲击性,作为汽车的挡风玻璃,需要具有对小石子等飞来物的耐冲击性能。另一方面,厚度越大,则重量越增加,因而不优选。从该观点出发,外侧玻璃板1的厚度优选为1.6~4.0mm,更优选1.8~2.8mm,特别优选1.8~2.3mm。采用何种厚度能够根据玻璃的用途而确定。
<2.内侧玻璃板>
内侧玻璃板2形成为小于外侧玻璃板1的矩形形状,配置成与外侧玻璃板1的中央区域102的内侧的面相对置。更详细而言,内侧玻璃板2具有上边21、下边22和一对侧边23,4个角部以圆弧状形成。此外,在下边23形成有矩形形状的切口231。
如图2所示,内侧玻璃板2以沿着外侧玻璃板1的中央区域102的方式弯曲。即,内侧玻璃板2的外面与外侧玻璃板1的中央区域102的内面以大致相同的形状,弯曲成向车外侧凸起,在它们之间配置有后述的中间膜3。
内侧玻璃板2的厚度能够设为与外侧玻璃板1相同,但是,例如为了夹层玻璃的轻量化,能够使厚度小于外侧玻璃板1的厚度。具体而言,考虑到玻璃的强度时,优选为0.3~2.3mm,更优选0.8~2.0mm,特别优选1.0~1.6mm。此外,内侧玻璃板2能够由与外侧玻璃板1同样的材料形成。
此外,该后窗玻璃如后面详细阐述的那样,以向车外侧凸起的方式弯曲,而此时的厚度的测定位置,是从夹层玻璃的左右方向的中央向上下方向延伸的中央线的上下2处。测定设备没有特别限定,例如可以使用株式会社TECLOCK制的SM-112这样的厚度计。测定时,以夹层玻璃的弯曲面载置于平坦的面上的方式配置,利用上述厚度计夹住夹层玻璃的端部进行测定。
<3.中间膜>
如图2所示,中间膜3以与内侧玻璃板2相同的大小形成,中间膜3包括:与外侧玻璃板1粘接的透明的第一粘接层31;与内侧玻璃板2粘接的透明的第二粘接层32;和配置在上述两个粘接层31、32之间的透明的功能层33。
第一粘接层31和第二粘接层32只要是通过熔合与各玻璃板1、2粘接的层就没有特别限定,例如,能够由聚乙烯醇缩丁醛树脂(PVB)、乙烯乙酸乙烯酯树脂(EVA)等形成。通常,聚乙烯醇缩醛树脂的硬度能够根据(a)作为起始物质的聚乙烯醇的聚合度、(b)缩醛化度、(c)增塑剂的种类、(d)增塑剂的添加比例等进行控制。
对于向各玻璃板1、2粘接前的第一粘接层31和第二粘接层32,在与功能层33粘接时,或者与各玻璃板1、2粘接时,为了容易挤出空气,有时对其表面进行压花加工。
第一粘接层31和第二粘接层32的厚度没有特别限定,例如,优选为0.05~2.0mm,更优选为0.1~1.0mm,特别优选为0.1~0.4mm。其中,两个粘接层31、32的厚度可以相同,也可以不同。此外,在各粘接层31、32上形成压花的情况下,需要考虑压花的深度而设定厚度。
此外,两个粘接层31、32的厚度的合计优选为0.76mm以上。这是为了确保挡风玻璃具有例如JIS R3211、R3212所规定的耐贯穿性能等。此外,也能够由叠层的多个膜构成功能层33。此时,有时也将粘接层31、32使用3层以上。在这种情况下,也优选粘接层31、32的合计厚度的合计为0.76mm以上。
作为功能层33,根据用途,能够使用具有各种功能的膜。例如,能够使用公知的隔热膜、发热膜、投影膜、发光膜、天线用膜、调光膜等。此外,也可以将它们中的多种叠层而作为功能层33。
隔热膜为了抑制车内的温度上升可以采用反射红外线的公知的红外线反射膜,或者采用配置为吸收红外线的膜。这样的隔热膜优选在中间膜3的厚度方向上配置于外侧玻璃板1侧。即,使第一粘接层31比第二粘接层32更薄即可。此外,除了这样使功能层33为隔热膜之外,为了使其具有隔热功能,例如也能够由隔热性的PVB形成第一粘接层31和第二粘接层32中的至少1个。
发热膜是用于除雾或融冰的膜,通过施加电压而发热。作为这样的发热膜,例如,能够使用由基材膜支撑多个细线的发热膜、或在基材上形成有薄的透明导电膜的发热膜等。基材膜只要是透明的膜即可,对于其材料没有特别限定,例如,能够由聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚乙烯、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、聚氯乙烯、聚酯、聚烯烃、聚碳酸酯、聚苯乙烯、聚丙烯、尼龙等形成。
投影膜是通过从平视显示器装置(以下,称为HUD)照射的光而被投影信息的膜。投影膜只要是例如折射率与两个粘接层31、32不同,且使光反射的膜,就没有特别限定,例如为能够控制偏振光的膜,可以是p偏振光反射膜、全息膜、散射反射系的透明屏幕、散射透过系的透明屏幕、散射反射系的调光膜、散射透过系的调光膜、HUD用的增反射膜。投影膜的大小没有特别限定,优选大于投影信息的区域。
发光膜是内设有LED等,且能够发出表示规定的文字、图形等的光的膜。
天线用膜与发热膜同样,是在上述的基材膜上配置有FM、AM、DTV、DAB等天线的膜。
作为调光膜,已提出各种各样的膜,例如,可以是通过是否通电来控制膜的雾度率,制造出透明状态和不透明状态的膜。即,是能够赋予私密性的功能性膜。例如,能够使用利用液晶的PDLC(Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal,聚合物分散液晶)型、SPD(Suspended Particle Device,悬浮粒子装置)型、电致变色型、热致变色型等公知的类型。例如,PDLC型的调光膜能够由液晶层、夹着该液晶层的一对透明导电膜、和配置在各透明导电膜的外面的PET膜构成。液晶层具有透明的聚合物膜和液晶被封入而形成的液晶囊。然后,在例如PDLC型的液晶调光膜上,如图1所示,安装有从内侧玻璃板2的切口221沿着下边22和一个侧边23延伸的一对L字状的电极335。此外,在内侧玻璃板2的切口231安装有与车内的电源连接的一对电气配线(harness)338,从切口231露出的电极335与各电气配线338分别连接。然后,通过电气配线338、各电极335和透明导电膜对液晶层施加电压,则能够进行调光,例如,调光膜变得不透明。另外,电极335的形态没有特别限定,能够适当变更。此外,电气配线338的安装位置也没有特别限定。因此,形成于内侧玻璃板2的切口221的位置能够根据电气配线的安装位置而适当变更。或者,也可以不设置切口,将电气配线安装于电极335。
另外,以上是功能层33的例示,并不限定于这些。
构成上述那样的功能层33的膜的厚度没有特别限定,例如优选为0.01~2.0mm,更优选为0.03~0.6mm。如此,膜边缘的端面厚度的上限优选为2.0mm。功能层可以遍及中间膜的整体配置,也可以仅配置于中间膜的一部分。例如,在中间膜的一部分配置功能层的情况下,当膜的端面的厚度大时,因为功能层33小于两个粘接层31、32,所以在中间膜3上产生台阶,由于该台阶,在将中间膜3夹入两个玻璃板1、2之间时,含入空气,有可能产生气泡。因此,优选如上所述设定功能层33的厚度。
为了防止功能层33产生褶皱,功能层33优选能够因贴合时的加热而发生适度收缩,但是,该收缩率过大时,对功能性造成不良影响(HUD像变形或调光性能降低),因此,例如在130℃加热30分钟时,优选为4%以下。特别是在使用调光膜作为功能层33的情况下,在130℃加热30分钟时,优选为1%以下。热收缩率的测定能够如下所述进行。首先,对具有功能层33的膜以500mm间隔刻入标记,将该膜以非固定方式载置于基片上,在以130℃保温的电炉中保持30分钟,测定标记的间隔距离,由此算出热收缩率。
另外,上述功能层33的热收缩率是制造挡风玻璃前的热收缩率,但是,如后述,优选在制造挡风玻璃后,例如将挡风玻璃分解而得到的功能层33也在上述条件下收缩。
另外,各粘接层31、32和功能层33的厚度,例如能够如下述进行测定。首先,利用显微镜(例如Keyence公司制VH-5500)将挡风玻璃的剖面放大175倍显示。然后,通过目视确定各粘接层31、32和功能层33的厚度,对其进行测定。此时,为了排除目视所带来的偏差,将测定次数设为5次,将其平均值作为各粘接层31、32和功能层33的厚度。
关于各粘接层31、32的大小,与外侧玻璃板1和内侧玻璃板2相同,但功能层33的大小也可以与两个粘接层31、32相同,也可以更小。例如,在功能层33的边缘位于比内侧玻璃板2的边缘更靠内侧的位置的情况下,优选功能层33的边缘配置于从内侧玻璃板2的边缘向内侧10mm以上的位置。其理由如下,如后述,一旦在功能层33的边缘部产生褶皱,则水分有可能从中间膜3的边缘部侵入,故为了防止这种情况。
<3.玻璃板的弯曲与中间膜的关系>
如上所述,本实施方式的后窗玻璃以向车外侧凸起的方式弯曲。换言之,形状不同的外侧玻璃板1和内侧玻璃板2均弯曲。在此,经本发明的发明人研究发现,当外侧玻璃板1和内侧玻璃板2中夹着中间膜3的部分(以下,称为对置区域)的曲率半径满足以下关系时,在两个玻璃板1、2之间,包括功能层33的中间膜3不会产生褶皱。
曲率指标Z=1/Rx*1/Ry*10-6 (1)
曲率指标Z≤2.4 (2)
其中,Rx是对置区域的水平方向的曲率半径,Ry是对置区域的上下方向的曲率半径。
另外,Rx优选为200~200000mm,Ry优选为1700~5000mm。此外,曲率指标Z更优选为1.3以下,由此,能够使中间膜3不产生褶皱地配置于两个玻璃板1、2之间,并且难以产生气泡。
<4.后窗玻璃的制造方法>
本实施方式的后窗玻璃的制造方法没有特别限定,能够采用公知的夹层玻璃的制造方法。首先,进行弯曲加工,以使外侧玻璃板1弯曲。该方法没有特别限定,例如能够通过公知的加压成型而进行。或者,在成型模具上配置外侧玻璃板1后,使该成型模具通过加热炉进行加热。由此,使外侧玻璃板1因自重而弯曲。
接下来,制造内侧玻璃板2。首先,将以规定形状形成的内侧玻璃板2通过加压成型或利用自重的弯曲成型,形成弯曲的形状。但是,也可以不进行弯曲加工。这是因为,虽然外侧玻璃板1弯曲,但在中央区域102曲率半径大,因此,只要是薄的内侧玻璃板2,即使不单独进行弯曲加工,也能够如后述,通过粘接到外侧玻璃板1上,使其沿着外侧玻璃板1的弯曲形状弯曲。
接下来,将中间膜3夹在外侧玻璃板1和内侧玻璃板2之间,将其放入橡胶袋,一边减压抽吸一边在约70~110℃进行预粘接。此时,中间膜3能够形成与内侧玻璃板2相同的形状、或稍大的形状。预粘接也可以使用上述以外的方法。例如,将中间膜3夹在外侧玻璃板1和内侧玻璃板2之间,利用烘箱以45~65℃进行加热。之后,将该后窗玻璃利用辊以0.45~0.55MPa进行挤压。接着,将该后窗玻璃再次利用烘箱以80~105℃进行加热后,利用辊以0.45~0.55MPa再次进行挤压。由此,完成预粘接。
接下来,进行主粘接。对经预粘接后的夹层玻璃,利用高压釜在8~15气压下、以100~150℃进行主粘接。具体而言,能够在14气压、145℃的条件下进行主粘接。由此,完成本实施方式的后窗玻璃。之后,依照需要,安装电气配线338等。
<5.特征>
如上所述,通过本实施方式,能够获得以下效果。
(i)由于内侧玻璃板2小于外侧玻璃板1,换言之,虽然这些玻璃板1、2都是弯曲的,但是因为形状不同,所以难以使弯曲成为一致(所谓配对性降低),将它们贴合时,夹在中间的中间膜3有可能产生褶皱。结果,还有可能混入空气而产生气泡,或内侧玻璃板2的边缘部从外侧玻璃板1脱离而分开。因此,本实施方式的夹层玻璃中,避开弯曲度大的外侧玻璃板1的边缘附近,将内侧玻璃板2配置在比外侧玻璃板1的边缘更靠内侧的位置。由此,能够抑制中间膜3产生褶皱,或混入空气而产生气泡。
特别是在2个玻璃板1、2重叠的对置区域满足上述式(1)和式(2)时,能够抑制中间膜3产生褶皱。即,在弯曲度小的区域使外侧玻璃板1与内侧玻璃板2对置,则能够抑制它们之间的中间膜3产生褶皱。
(ii)由于内侧玻璃板2小于外侧玻璃板1,能够实现夹层玻璃的轻量化。
<6.变形例>
以上,对本发明的一个实施方式进行了说明,但本发明不限于上述实施方式,在不脱离其宗旨的范围内,能够进行各种变更。另外,以下变形例能够适当组合。
<6-1>
内侧玻璃板2的大小、形状没有特别限定。上述实施方式中,内侧玻璃板2配置于比外侧玻璃板1的边缘更靠内侧的位置,但是,例如也可以如图3所示,使内侧玻璃板2的边缘的一部分与外侧玻璃板1的边缘一致。即,在外侧玻璃板1的边缘,只要是弯曲度小的部分,则可以与内侧玻璃板2的边缘一致。
<6-2>
中间膜3的功能层33可以不遍及内侧玻璃板2的整体配置。例如可以如图4(a)所示,配置在内侧玻璃板2的一部分,也可以如图4(b)所示,由多个片材构成功能层33,且将它们以隔开间隙的方式配置。此外,功能层33也可以通过将多个功能性膜重叠来制作。例如,可以将调光膜和隔热膜重叠,优选在它们之间设置粘接层等的中间层。
<6-3>
本发明的夹层玻璃除了适用于上述那样的后窗玻璃以外,还能够适用于后三角玻璃、侧窗玻璃。例如,可以是图5和图6所示那样的侧窗玻璃。
如图5和图6所示,该侧窗玻璃具有外侧玻璃板1、内侧玻璃板2、和配置在这些玻璃板1、2之间的中间膜3。此外,在外侧玻璃板1上,叠层有遮蔽来自车外的光透过的遮蔽层4。外侧玻璃板1、内侧玻璃板2、中间膜3的材料可以与上述实施方式中所示的材料相同。以下对它们进行说明。
外侧玻璃板1形成为水平方向上较长的矩形形状。更详细而言,外侧玻璃板1具有由在水平方向上延伸的上边11和下边12、连接上边11和下边12的前端之间的前边13、和连接上边11和下边12的后端之间的后边14所构成的外形。前边13和后边14以随着向下方去稍微向后方延伸的方式倾斜。此外,下边12具有水平的第一部位121和第二部位122,该第二部位122从第一部位121的后端起,以随着向后方去向上方倾斜的方式延伸。因此,后边14的上端与前边13为相同高度,但下端位于略高于前边13的位置,作为整体形成为比前边13短。
接下来,对遮蔽层4进行说明。遮蔽层4由黑色等深色的陶瓷形成,且叠层于外侧玻璃板1的车内侧的面。以下,在外侧玻璃板1中,有时将叠层有遮蔽层4的区域称为遮蔽区域。其中,在下边12的第一部位121的上方,形成有不叠层遮蔽层4的矩形形状的窗区域5,遮蔽层4具有包围窗区域5的4个区域41~44。即,具有:在窗区域5的上侧沿着外侧玻璃板1的上边11的上侧区域41;在窗区域5的前侧沿着外侧玻璃板1的前边13的前侧区域42;在窗区域5的下侧沿着外侧玻璃板1的下边12的第一部位121的下侧区域43;和叠层在窗区域5的后方整体的后侧区域44,它们形成为一体。
构成遮蔽层4的陶瓷例如能够具有以下的组成。
[表1]
第一和第二着色陶瓷糊料 | ||
颜料*1 | 质量% | 10 |
树脂(纤维素树脂) | 质量% | 10 |
有机溶剂(松油) | 质量% | 10 |
玻璃粘结剂*2 | 质量% | 70 |
粘度 | dPs | 150 |
*1,主成分:氧化铜、氧化铬、氧化铁和氧化锰。
*2,主成分:硼硅酸铋、硼硅酸锌。
陶瓷能够通过丝网印刷法形成,但除此之外,也能够通过将烧制用转印膜转印至外侧玻璃板1并进行烧制而制作。在采用丝网印刷的情况下,例如能够设为聚酯丝网:355目、涂布厚度:20μm、张力:20Nm、刮胶硬度:80度、安装角度:75°、印刷速度:300mm/s,在干燥炉中以150℃干燥10分钟,由此能够形成陶瓷。
遮蔽层4除了叠层陶瓷之外,还能够由其他的材料形成。此外,也能够通过粘贴深色的树脂制遮蔽膜而形成。
内侧玻璃板2以覆盖窗区域5的方式配置在外侧玻璃板1的车内侧的面。此外,内侧玻璃板2具有分别沿着外侧玻璃板1的上边11、前边13和下边12的第一部位121的、上边21、前边23和下边22,还具有连接上边21的后端与下边22的后端的后边24。后边24具有从外侧玻璃板1的下边12的第一部位121与第二部位122的连结部分附近向上方延伸的第一部位141、和随着从第一部位141的上端向上方去稍微向前方倾斜的第二部位142,第二部位142的上端与上边11的后端连结。
更详细地进行说明,内侧玻璃板2的上边21、前边23和下边22分别位于遮蔽层4的上侧区域41、前侧区域42和下侧区域43,它们位于比框部件6更靠内侧的位置。此外,内侧玻璃板2的后边24虽然位于遮蔽层4的后侧区域44内,但位于靠近窗区域5的端缘的位置。因此,后侧区域44的大半部分不被内侧玻璃板2覆盖而露出。
另外,外侧玻璃板1和内侧玻璃板2与上述实施方式的后窗玻璃同样,以朝向车外侧凸出的方式弯曲。因此,通过满足上述式(1)、(2),能够以没有褶皱的状态,配置在中间膜3的两个玻璃板1、2之间。这一点在将本发明的夹层玻璃适用于后三角玻璃的情况下也相同。
<6-4>
设置于侧窗玻璃的遮蔽层4也能够设置于后窗玻璃或后三角玻璃。这种情况下,遮蔽层的形状没有特别限定。例如,也能够以覆盖内侧玻璃板1的边缘的方式配置,以隐藏设置于中间膜3的电极。此外,也能够在遮蔽层4形成车载相机、传感器用的开口。
<6-5>
作为内侧玻璃板2的替代,例如,也能够设置由聚碳酸酯等树脂材料形成的内侧面板。由此,能够进一步使夹层玻璃轻量化。
<6-6>
上述的后窗玻璃、侧窗玻璃中的外侧玻璃板1和内侧玻璃板2的形状是一个例子,能够进行适当变更。
实施例
以下,对本发明的实施例进行说明。但是,本发明不限于以下的实施方式。
准备图7所示的外侧玻璃板(厚度为2mm)。图7所示的数值表示车内侧的面的水平方向的曲率半径即Rx。因此,该外侧玻璃板通过组合多个曲率半径而构成。图7中的数值的单位是mm,曲率半径以大致左右对称的方式变化。此外,图8表示图7的外侧玻璃板的车内侧的面的曲率指标Z的分布。
然后,在该外侧玻璃板的车内侧的面贴附厚度为0.76mm、热收缩率为1%的中间膜,用内侧玻璃板(厚度为1.5mm)夹住,此时,对是否产生褶皱进行研究。结果,确认了在曲率指标Z为2.4以下的区域不产生褶皱。并且,对曲率半径Rx、Ry也进行研究,确认了在Rx为190mm的区域产生褶皱,在200mm的区域不产生褶皱。因此,可知Rx优选200mm以上。同样,确认了在Ry为1660mm的区域产生褶皱,在1787mm的区域不产生褶皱。因此,可知Ry优选为1700mm以上。
图9是侧窗玻璃的外侧玻璃板的曲率指标的分布。在该例中,在全部区域中,曲率指标为1.3以下。然后,对该外侧玻璃板贴附与上述同样的中间膜,但中间膜没有产生褶皱。另外,虽然认为中间膜是否产生褶皱容易受热收缩率的影响,但在使用上述那样的玻璃板的试验中,即使使用热收缩率为4%左右的中间膜,也获得了同样的结果。
符号说明
1:外侧玻璃板;2:内侧玻璃板;3:中间膜;31:第一粘接层;32:第二粘接层;33:功能层;4:遮蔽层。
Claims (14)
1.一种汽车用的夹层玻璃,其特征在于,具有:
弯曲的外侧玻璃板;
弯曲的内侧面板,该内侧面板与所述外侧玻璃板对置配置,且小于所述外侧玻璃板;和
中间膜,该中间膜配置在所述外侧玻璃板与内侧面板之间,且包含功能层,
所述内侧面板的至少一部分配置在与所述外侧玻璃板的边缘相比更靠内侧的位置。
2.如权利要求1所述的汽车用的夹层玻璃,其特征在于:
将所述外侧玻璃板中与所述内侧玻璃板对置的对置区域的水平方向的曲率半径设为Rx(mm),将所述外侧玻璃板的上下方向的曲率半径设为Ry(mm)时,将1/Rx*1/Ry*10-6规定为曲率指标,则所述曲率指标为2.4以下。
3.如权利要求2所述的汽车用的夹层玻璃,其特征在于:
所述对置区域的曲率指标为1.3以下。
4.如权利要求2或3所述的汽车用的夹层玻璃,其特征在于:
所述Rx为200~200000mm,
所述Ry为1700~5000mm。
5.如权利要求1~4中任一项所述的汽车用的夹层玻璃,其特征在于:安装于汽车后,具有至少1个向车外侧弯曲的凸部。
6.如权利要求1~5中任一项所述的汽车用的夹层玻璃,其特征在于:所述功能层为调光膜。
7.如权利要求6所述的汽车用的夹层玻璃,其特征在于:
所述调光膜为PDLC型或SPD型。
8.如权利要求6或7所述的汽车用的夹层玻璃,其特征在于:
用于向所述调光膜施加电压的端子配置在所述内侧玻璃板的下端部。
9.如权利要求1~8中任一项所述的汽车用的夹层玻璃,其特征在于:所述中间膜由多个片材形成,
所述多个片材以隔开间隙的方式配置。
10.如权利要求1~9中任一项所述的汽车用的夹层玻璃,其特征在于:所述内侧面板由玻璃板形成。
11.如权利要求1~10中任一项所述的汽车用的夹层玻璃,其特征在于:所述外侧玻璃板具有透过来自车外的光的窗区域、以及遮蔽区域,该遮蔽区域包围所述窗区域,且叠层有遮蔽来自车外的光透过的遮蔽层,
所述夹层玻璃以覆盖所述窗区域的方式安装有所述内侧面板。
12.如权利要求1~11中任一项所述的汽车用的夹层玻璃,其特征在于:所述夹层玻璃为后窗玻璃、后三角玻璃或侧窗玻璃。
13.如权利要求1~12中任一项所述的汽车用的夹层玻璃,其特征在于:所述外侧玻璃板的厚度为1.6~4mm,
所述内侧面板的厚度为0.3~2.3mm。
14.如权利要求1~13中任一项所述的汽车用的夹层玻璃,其特征在于:所述中间膜具有一对所述粘接层,
所述功能层配置在所述一对粘接层之间。
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WO2019026770A1 (ja) * | 2017-07-31 | 2019-02-07 | Agc株式会社 | 合わせガラス |
CN109641793A (zh) * | 2016-07-29 | 2019-04-16 | 日本板硝子株式会社 | 挡风玻璃和挡风玻璃的制造方法 |
WO2019156030A1 (ja) * | 2018-02-07 | 2019-08-15 | Agc株式会社 | 合わせガラス |
CN110341598A (zh) * | 2018-04-03 | 2019-10-18 | Agc株式会社 | 夹层玻璃 |
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