CN114744262A - Tail gas treatment system of fuel cell and control method - Google Patents
Tail gas treatment system of fuel cell and control method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114744262A CN114744262A CN202210324489.2A CN202210324489A CN114744262A CN 114744262 A CN114744262 A CN 114744262A CN 202210324489 A CN202210324489 A CN 202210324489A CN 114744262 A CN114744262 A CN 114744262A
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 91
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 201
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 201
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 195
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 33
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003071 parasitic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 23
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 23
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 23
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011217 control strategy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000306 component Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008094 contradictory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008358 core component Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006479 redox reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0662—Treatment of gaseous reactants or gaseous residues, e.g. cleaning
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
The application discloses a tail gas treatment system and a control method of a fuel cell, and belongs to the technical field of fuel cells. This tail gas processing system passes through the row's of first valve and galvanic pile hydrogen pipe connection with the hydrogen inlet end of combustor, is connected the inlet end of combustor through the inlet line of second valve and galvanic pile to burning in making fuel cell's the exhaust hydrogen of galvanic pile get into the combustor, solved the explosion risk that the direct tail discharge of following fuel cell of hydrogen probably leads to. And the tail gas end of the combustor is connected with the air inlet end of the expander, the high-temperature and high-pressure tail gas generated after combustion of the combustor applies work to the expander to drive the rotor shaft of the expander to rotate, and the rotor shaft of the expander is connected with the rotor shaft of the air compressor of the fuel cell, so that the air compressor provides power and parasitic power consumption of the air compressor is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The application belongs to the technical field of fuel cells, and particularly relates to a tail gas treatment system and a control method of a fuel cell.
Background
The proton exchange membrane fuel cell is a device for generating electric energy by utilizing the oxidation-reduction reaction of hydrogen and oxygen in a galvanic pile, wherein, an air compressor delivers air (oxygen) to enter the cathode of the galvanic pile, a hydrogen injection device delivers hydrogen to enter the anode of the galvanic pile, and the air compressor and the oxygen react in a proton exchange membrane. During the reaction, the air and hydrogen which are not completely reacted in the cathode and the anode of the electric pile are respectively discharged from the outlets of the two electrodes.
In order to improve the utilization rate of hydrogen, the prior art generally arranges a hydrogen circulating pump at the anode outlet to circulate the hydrogen discharged from the anode of the pile back to the anode inlet. However, since air and hydrogen are always supplied in excess in order to ensure that the electric pile continuously reacts to output electric power, part of hydrogen cannot return to the anode inlet through the hydrogen circulating pump during the reaction process, and the hydrogen which is not circulated forms tail gas and directly enters the tail row to be discharged, and when the hydrogen is gathered to a certain extent, the risk of explosion is generated.
Therefore, a system for effectively treating the exhaust gas of the fuel cell is needed to improve the hydrogen utilization rate and reduce the risk of hydrogen explosion.
Disclosure of Invention
The application aims at solving the technical problem that the utilization rate of hydrogen is low due to the fact that the existing residual hydrogen is discharged through the tail at least to a certain extent. Therefore, the application provides an exhaust gas treatment system of the fuel cell and a control method.
The embodiment of the application provides a fuel cell's tail gas processing system includes:
the first valve is connected with a hydrogen discharge pipeline of the galvanic pile;
the second valve is connected with an air inlet pipeline of the electric pile;
the hydrogen inlet end of the burner is connected with the first valve, and the gas inlet end of the burner is connected with the second valve; and the number of the first and second groups,
the air inlet end of the expansion machine is connected with the tail gas end of the combustor, and the rotor shaft of the expansion machine is coaxially connected with the rotor shaft of the air compressor so as to provide power for the air compressor.
Optionally, in order to better implement the present application, the tail gas treatment system further includes a pressure sensor, and the pressure sensor is disposed on a hydrogen inlet pipe of the galvanic pile.
Optionally, for better realization this application, advance the hydrogen pipeline with the row's of hydrogen pipe connection has the hydrogen circulating pump, the hydrogen circulating pump with the one end of advancing the hydrogen pipe connection is located pressure sensor with the upper reaches of the one end of advancing the hydrogen pipe connection, the hydrogen circulating pump with the one end of arranging the hydrogen pipe connection is located first valve with the upper reaches of the one end of arranging the hydrogen pipe connection.
Optionally, for this application of better realization, the admission line is equipped with the intercooler, the second valve with the one end that the admission line is connected is located the air compressor machine with between the intercooler.
The application also provides a control method for controlling the tail gas treatment system of the fuel cell, which comprises the following steps:
the fuel cell controller 26 acquires the hydrogen of the stack as the advancing stack pressure, the actual opening of the first valve and the actual opening of the second valve;
obtaining a target expected opening degree of a first valve through feed-forward control based on the hydrogen current forward stack pressure;
obtaining a control error of the first valve based on a difference value between the target expected opening degree of the first valve and the actual opening degree of the first valve;
obtaining the actual expected opening degree of the first valve through PID control according to the control error of the first valve; adjusting the opening degree of the first valve to be an actual expected opening degree of the first valve;
acquiring a target expected opening degree of a second valve through feed-forward control based on the actual expected opening degree of the first valve;
subtracting the actual opening degree of the second valve from the target expected opening degree of the second valve to obtain a control error of the second valve;
obtaining the actual expected opening degree of the second valve through PID control based on the control error of the second valve; the opening degree of the second valve is adjusted to the actual expected opening degree of the second valve.
Optionally, in order to better implement the present application, the step of obtaining the target desired opening degree of the first valve through a feed-forward control based on the hydrogen current stack pressure comprises:
obtaining a basic expected opening degree of a first valve through a first feed-forward control based on the hydrogen gas forward stack pressure;
and taking the basic expected opening degree of the first valve as the target expected opening degree of the first valve.
Optionally, in order to better implement the present application, the step of obtaining the target desired opening degree of the second valve through the feed-forward control based on the actual desired opening degree of the first valve includes:
obtaining a base desired opening degree of the second valve through a second feed-forward control based on the actual desired opening degree of the first valve;
and taking the basic expected opening degree of the second valve as the target expected opening degree of the second valve.
Optionally, in order to better implement the present application, the step of obtaining the target desired opening degree of the first valve through a feed-forward control based on the hydrogen current stack pressure comprises:
obtaining a basic expected opening degree of a first valve through a first feed-forward control based on the hydrogen gas forward stack pressure;
acquiring the current power of the air compressor, and correcting the expected opening of the first valve through third feedforward control based on the current power of the air compressor to obtain the corrected expected opening of the first valve;
and taking the corrected expected opening degree of the first valve as the target expected opening degree of the first valve.
Optionally, in order to better implement the present application, the step of obtaining the target desired opening degree of the second valve through the feed-forward control based on the actual desired opening degree of the first valve includes:
obtaining a base desired opening degree of the second valve through a second feed-forward control based on the actual desired opening degree of the first valve;
acquiring the current rotating speed of the air compressor, and correcting the basic expected opening degree of the second valve through fourth feedforward control based on the current rotating speed of the air compressor to obtain the corrected expected opening degree of the second valve;
and taking the corrected expected opening degree of the second valve as the target expected opening degree of the second valve.
Optionally, to better implement the present application, before obtaining the target desired opening degree of the first valve through a feed-forward control based on the hydrogen current stack pressure, the method further comprises: and judging whether the pressure of the hydrogen gas in the forward reactor is greater than the pressure threshold of the hydrogen gas in the forward reactor, and if so, obtaining the target expected opening degree of the first valve based on the pressure of the hydrogen gas in the forward reactor.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the tail gas treatment system of the fuel cell, the hydrogen inlet end of the combustor is connected with the hydrogen discharge pipeline of the galvanic pile through the first valve, and the hydrogen inlet end of the combustor is connected with the air inlet pipeline of the galvanic pile through the second valve, so that hydrogen discharged by the galvanic pile of the fuel cell enters the combustor to be combusted, and the explosion risk possibly caused by the fact that the hydrogen is directly discharged from the tail of the fuel cell is solved. And the tail gas end of the combustor is connected with the air inlet end of the expander, the high-temperature and high-pressure tail gas generated after combustion of the combustor applies work to the expander to drive the rotor shaft of the expander to rotate, and the rotor shaft of the expander is connected with the rotor shaft of the air compressor of the fuel cell, so that the air compressor provides power and the parasitic power consumption of the air compressor is reduced.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments are briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of an exhaust gas treatment system for a fuel cell;
FIG. 2 shows a control schematic of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 shows a flow chart of a method of controlling an exhaust gas treatment system;
FIG. 4 shows a flow chart of FIG. 3 for obtaining a target desired opening of the first valve;
FIG. 5 shows a flowchart of FIG. 3 for obtaining a target desired opening of the second valve;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram illustrating a control strategy for the exhaust treatment module system of FIG. 3;
FIG. 7 shows another flow chart of FIG. 3 for obtaining a target desired opening of the first valve;
FIG. 8 shows another flow chart of the target desired opening of the active second valve of FIG. 3;
FIG. 9 shows another control strategy schematic for the exhaust treatment system of FIG. 3.
Reference numerals:
10-electric pile; 11-an air compressor; 12-a hydrogen gas injection device; 13-tail row; 14-a hydrogen inlet conduit; 15-an air intake duct; 16-a hydrogen discharge pipeline; 17-a hydrogen circulation pump; 18-an intercooler; 19-a humidifier.
21-a first valve; 22-a second valve; 23-a burner; 24-an expander; 25-a pressure sensor; 26-fuel cell controller 26.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that all the directional indications in the embodiments of the present invention are only used to explain the relative position relationship, the motion situation, and the like between the components in a certain posture, and if the certain posture is changed, the directional indication is changed accordingly. In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the terms "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly, and for example, "secured" may be a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral part; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be directly connected or indirectly connected through intervening media, or they may be connected internally or in any other suitable relationship, unless expressly stated otherwise. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations. In addition, the descriptions related to "first", "second", etc. in the present invention are only for descriptive purposes and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In addition, technical solutions between various embodiments may be combined with each other, but must be realized by a person skilled in the art, and when the technical solutions are contradictory or cannot be realized, such a combination should not be considered to exist, and is not within the protection scope of the present invention.
The application is described below with reference to specific embodiments in conjunction with the following drawings:
example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the fuel cell includes a stack 10, an air compressor 11, a hydrogen gas injection device 12, and a tail pipe 13.
The electric pile 10 is a core component of the fuel cell, and an anode hydrogen inlet of the electric pile 10 is connected with a hydrogen injection device 12 through a hydrogen inlet pipeline 14 so as to deliver hydrogen required by electrochemical reaction in the electric pile 10 through the hydrogen injection device 12; the cathode air inlet of the electric pile 10 is connected with an air compressor 11 through an air inlet pipeline 15, so that the air compressor 11 can deliver oxygen required by electrochemical reaction to the electric pile 10, and the oxygen is contained in compressed air delivered by the air compressor 11. An anode hydrogen outlet of the stack 10 is connected with a tail gas 13 through a hydrogen discharge pipe 16, so that residual hydrogen which is not completely reacted in the stack 10 is discharged through the tail gas 13. The gas outlet end of the hydrogen injection device 12 is communicated with the anode hydrogen inlet of the stack 10 through a first pipeline to provide hydrogen required by the electrochemical reaction to the stack 10.
The net output power of the fuel cell system is equal to the fuel cell stack 10 power minus the fuel cell accessory power, also referred to as parasitic power, which is the power that has to be consumed to enable proper operation of the fuel cell system. The inventor researches and finds that the parasitic power, which is consumed by the air compressor 11 at most, can generally account for more than half of the parasitic power.
This embodiment provides a fuel cell's tail gas processing system, and this tail gas processing system is connected with fuel cell, when improving hydrogen utilization ratio, reducing hydrogen explosion risk, can reduce air compressor machine 11's consumption to reduce fuel cell's parasitic power consumption. The structure of the exhaust gas treatment system of the fuel cell is shown in fig. 1, and includes a first valve 21, a second valve 22, a combustor 23, and an expander 24.
The first valve 21 is a valve with adjustable opening degree, the first valve 21 is connected with the hydrogen inlet end of the combustor 23 and the hydrogen exhaust pipeline 16 of the electric pile 10, and the ratio of residual hydrogen in the hydrogen exhaust pipeline 16 entering the combustor 23 and entering the tail gas 13 can be controlled by adjusting the opening degree of the first valve 21. When the first valve 21 is completely closed, hydrogen does not enter the burner 23, and all hydrogen enters the tail gas 13 and is discharged; when the first valve 21 is fully open, hydrogen does not enter the tail gate 13 and all enters the burner 23.
The second valve 22 is a valve with an adjustable opening degree, the second valve 22 is connected with the air inlet end of the burner 23 and the air inlet pipeline 15 of the electric pile 10, and the ratio of oxygen in the air inlet pipeline 15 entering the burner 23 and the electric pile 10 can be controlled by adjusting the opening degree of the second valve 22. When the second valve 22 is completely closed, oxygen does not enter the burner 23, and all enters the stack 10; when the second valve 22 is fully opened, oxygen does not enter the stack 10, all of which enters the burner 23.
The combustor 23 can combust hydrogen and oxygen as fuel to generate a large amount of exhaust gas at high temperature and high pressure. By adjusting the opening degree of the first valve 21 and the second valve 22, hydrogen and oxygen in a proper ratio can be supplied to the burner 23, so that the hydrogen entering the burner 23 is sufficiently combusted, and the hydrogen is consumed, thereby reducing the explosion risk caused by discharging the residual hydrogen in the stack 10 directly through the tail gas 13. The tail gas end of the burner 23 is used for discharging high-temperature and high-pressure tail gas generated by combustion.
The air inlet end of the expander 24 is communicated with the tail gas end of the combustor 23 through a pipeline, the high-temperature and high-pressure tail gas generated in the combustor 23 enters the expander 24 and does work in the expander 24, the internal energy of the high-temperature and high-pressure tail gas is converted into mechanical energy, and the rotor shaft of the expander 24 is driven to rotate. The rotor shaft of the expander 24 is coaxially connected with the rotor of the air compressor 11 of the fuel cell, so that the rotor shaft of the expander 24 can rotate while driving the rotor of the air compressor 11 to rotate, the expander 24 can provide power for the air compressor 11, power consumption required when the air compressor 11 operates is reduced, parasitic power of the fuel cell is also reduced, and output power of the fuel cell is increased. Meanwhile, since the combustor 23 uses the hydrogen left after the reactor 10 is not completely reacted and the oxygen supplied by the air compressor 11 as fuel, an additional fuel source is not required.
In the above-mentioned tail gas treatment system of the fuel cell, by controlling the opening degree of the first valve 21 and the second valve 22, oxygen and hydrogen in a proper proportion are provided to the burner 23 as fuel of the burner 23, so that the hydrogen is fully combusted in the burner 23, part of the hydrogen discharged to the tail gas 13 is consumed, and the explosion risk caused by excessive discharge of the hydrogen to the tail gas 13 is reduced. The high-temperature and high-pressure tail gas generated by the combustor 23 enters the expander 24 to rotate the rotor shaft of the expander 24 and drive the rotor of the air compressor 11 to rotate, so that the expander 24 provides power for the air compressor 11, and the parasitic power of the fuel cell caused by the electric energy consumed by the air compressor 11 is reduced.
It should be noted that, when the fuel cell normally works, the above-mentioned tail gas treatment system of the fuel cell is not started, that is, the first valve 21 and the second valve 22 are both completely closed, the combustor 23 and the expander 24 are also not started, the air compressor 11 directly delivers oxygen to the electrode, and the residual hydrogen after the electrochemical reaction in the electrode is directly introduced into the tail gas 13. When the fuel cell exhaust gas treatment system is started, the first valve 21 is partially opened or completely opened, and at the same time, the second valve 22 is also partially opened or completely opened, and the combustor 23 and the expander 24 are started, part of oxygen is delivered to the combustor 23 through the second valve 22, and part of hydrogen is delivered to the combustor 23 through the first valve 21, so that the combustor 23 is supplied with hydrogen and oxygen in proper proportions as fuel.
As shown in fig. 2, in the present embodiment, the exhaust gas treatment system of the fuel cell further includes a fuel cell controller 26, the first valve 21 and the second valve 22 are all electric three-way valves, and the first valve 21, the second valve 22, the hydrogen injection device 12, and the air compressor 11 are all electrically connected to the fuel cell controller 26, so that the opening degrees of the first valve 21 and the second valve 22, the output of the hydrogen injection device 12, and the output of the air compressor 11 are controlled by the fuel cell controller 26. In addition, the fuel cell controller 26 can also obtain the actual opening information of the first valve 21 in real time through the opening sensor on the first valve 21, and obtain the actual opening information of the second valve 22 in real time through the opening sensor on the second valve 22, so as to adjust the opening of the first valve 21 and the second valve 22 in real time, and provide the burner 23 with hydrogen and oxygen in a proper ratio. Optionally, a tail gas treatment module is integrated within fuel cell controller 2626 to control the operation of the tail gas treatment system via the tail gas treatment module. In addition, the start and stop of the combustor can be controlled by a fuel cell controller or a combustor ignition module.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, a pressure sensor 25 is further disposed on the hydrogen inlet pipe 14 of the stack 10, and the pressure sensor 25 can detect a pressure value of the hydrogen in the hydrogen inlet pipe 14, that is, a stack inlet pressure of the stack 10 in real time, where the stack inlet pressure reflects an amount of the hydrogen delivered to the stack 10. The pressure sensor 25 is electrically connected to the fuel cell controller 26 so that the fuel cell controller 26 can acquire the stack-entering pressure information detected by the pressure sensor 25. Since the oxygen and hydrogen of the fuel cell are always supplied in excess, the amount of stack pressure in the hydrogen inlet pipe 14 affects the amount of hydrogen in the hydrogen exhaust pipe 16. Thereby enabling the fuel cell controller 26 to adjust the opening degrees of the first valve 21 and the second valve 22 according to the stack pressure information. If the stack inlet pressure is smaller than the preset stack inlet pressure threshold, the hydrogen amount discharged from the hydrogen discharge pipeline 16 meets the standard, and the hydrogen does not need to be combusted and consumed, the fuel cell controller 26 controls to close the first valve 21 and the second valve 22; if the stack inlet pressure is greater than the threshold value of the stack inlet pressure, which indicates that the amount of hydrogen discharged from the hydrogen discharge pipe 16 is too large and the explosion risk is likely to occur, the fuel cell controller 26 controls the first valve 21 and the second valve 22 to open to appropriate opening degrees, so as to burn and consume the hydrogen.
As shown in fig. 1, a hydrogen circulation pump 17 is connected between the hydrogen inlet pipe 14 and the hydrogen discharge pipe 16. The gas inlet end of the hydrogen circulating pump 17 is communicated with the hydrogen discharge pipeline 16, the gas outlet end of the hydrogen circulating pump 17 is communicated with the hydrogen inlet pipeline 14, so that the hydrogen circulating pump 17 can re-pump a part of residual hydrogen discharged by the electric pile 10 to the first pipeline to be used as a raw material for electrochemical reaction of the electric pile 10, and the rest part of hydrogen in the residual hydrogen enters the tail discharge 13 and/or the combustor 23 according to the opening state of the first valve 21. Meanwhile, the position where the hydrogen circulation pump 17 is communicated with the hydrogen inlet pipe 14 is located between the hydrogen injection device 12 and the pressure sensor 25, that is, the end of the hydrogen circulation pump 17 connected with the hydrogen inlet pipe 14 is located at the upstream of the end of the pressure sensor 25 connected with the hydrogen inlet pipe 14, so that the hydrogen circulated by the hydrogen circulation pump 17 does not affect the progress pressure of the pressure sensor 25 in the detection of the cell stack 10. And, the position where the hydrogen circulation pump 17 communicates with the hydrogen discharge pipe 16 is located between the first valve 21 and the stack 10, that is, the end of the hydrogen circulation pump 17 connected with the hydrogen discharge pipe 16 is located upstream of the first valve 21.
Furthermore, an intercooler 18 and a humidifier 19 are sequentially connected in series in the conveying direction of the air inlet pipeline 15, the compressed oxygen firstly enters the intercooler 18, then is cooled, and then enters the humidifier 19 for humidification, and the humidified oxygen then enters the galvanic pile 10, so that the heat load in the galvanic pile 10 is reduced. The position where the second valve 22 communicates with the intake duct 15 is between the air compressor 11 and the intercooler 18. Because air compressor machine 11 compressed air can make the air rise the temperature, and expander 24 needs to utilize the high-temperature high-pressure tail gas to do work and provides power to air compressor machine 11, consequently, the air that is not cooled by intercooler 18 directly gets into combustor 23 through second valve 22, can improve the internal energy of the tail gas that combustor 23 produced to improve expander 24 and provide the power for air compressor machine 11.
As shown in fig. 3, 4, 5 and 6, the present embodiment further provides a control method for controlling the opening degree of the first valve 21 and the opening degree of the second valve 22 in the exhaust gas treatment system of the fuel cell, so as to accurately provide the burner 23 with hydrogen and oxygen in a proper ratio and control the amount of hydrogen discharged to the exhaust gas.
The control method provided by the embodiment comprises the following steps:
s100, the fuel cell controller 26 obtains the hydrogen in the hydrogen inlet pipeline 14 of the stack as the stack advancing pressure p and the actual opening alpha of the first valve 211And the actual opening degree beta of the second valve 221. Wherein the actual opening alpha of the first valve 211Is obtained by an opening sensor on the first valve 21 and is transmitted to the fuel cell controller 26 by a hard wire signal; actual opening degree β of second valve 221Is obtained by an opening sensor on the second valve 22 and is transmitted to the fuel cell controller 26 by a hard-wired signal; the hydrogen gas as-fed stack pressure p is obtained by a pressure sensor 25 provided on the first pipe and transmitted to a fuel cell controller 26 by a hard-wired signal.
The current rotating speed N of the air compressor 11 is obtained by the air compressor 11 controller through a CAN bus network and is transmitted to the fuel cell controller 26;
s200: based on the obtained hydrogen forward stack pressure p, the hydrogen forward stack pressure p is used as the input of the feedforward control, and the target expected opening degree alpha of the first valve 21 is obtained after the feedforward control2。
Since the amount of hydrogen discharged from the hydrogen discharge pipe varies due to variation in the pressure p of hydrogen gas in the hydrogen inlet pipe 14, the target of the first valve 21 is obtained according to the feedforward controlDesired opening degree alpha2The opening degree of the first valve 21 can be adjusted in advance to perform feed-forward adjustment before the hydrogen gas passes through the first valve 21.
As shown in fig. 4, specifically, the target desired opening α of the first valve 21 is obtained through the feed-forward control based on the obtained hydrogen as-is stack pressure p2The method comprises the following specific steps:
s210: inputting the obtained hydrogen into a first feedforward controller as a forward stack pressure p, and performing feedforward control by the first feedforward controller to obtain a basic expected opening alpha of the first valve 212-1。
The first feed-forward control is a preset hydrogen forward stack pressure p and a basic desired opening alpha of the first valve 212-1Graph in between. Then, according to the hydrogen as the forward stack pressure p, the corresponding basic expected opening degree alpha of the first valve 21 is found out in a mode of feedforward table look-up in the first feedforward controller2-1。
S220: the basic desired opening degree alpha of the first valve 21 to be obtained2-1As the target desired opening degree α of the first valve 212Then, step S400 is performed.
Note that the basic desired opening degree α of the first valve 21 in the first feedforward control table is2-1And the specific corresponding relation of the pressure p of the hydrogen forward stack can be correspondingly adjusted according to later-stage test calibration so as to improve the precision of the first feedforward control.
S300: the target desired opening degree α of the first valve 21 to be obtained2Minus the obtained actual opening alpha of the first valve 211To obtain a control error e of the first valve 211。
S400: the control error e of the first valve 21 will be obtained1The input parameter of the device is subjected to PID control adjustment by a first PID controller, and then the actual expected opening alpha of the first valve 21 is output3(ii) a The fuel cell controller 26 obtains the actual desired opening degree alpha of the first valve 213Thereafter, the first valve 21 is controlled to adjust the opening to the actual desired opening α of the first valve 213。
S500: based on the obtained first valveActual desired opening degree α of the door 213The actual desired opening degree alpha of the first valve 21 is set3As an input of the feedforward control, the target desired opening β of the second valve 22 is obtained after the feedforward control2。
Due to the actual desired opening alpha of the first valve 213The amount of hydrogen fed to the burner 23 is affected and the oxygen required for complete combustion of the hydrogen is related to the amount of hydrogen fed to the burner 23. Thus, the target desired opening β of the second valve 22 is obtained through the feedforward control2The opening degree of the first valve 21 can be adjusted in advance to perform feed-forward adjustment before the hydrogen gas passes through the first valve 21.
As detailed in fig. 5, based on the obtained actual desired opening degree α of the first valve 213After feedforward control, the target expected beta of the second valve 22 is obtained2The step of opening includes the steps of:
s510: the actual desired opening degree alpha of the first valve 21 to be obtained3Inputting the signal into a second feedforward controller, and performing feedforward control by the second feedforward controller to obtain the basic expected opening beta of the second valve 222-1。
The second feedforward control is the actual desired opening alpha of the first valve 21 established in advance3And the base desired opening degree beta of the second valve 222-1Graph in between. And thereafter on the basis of the actual desired opening alpha of the first valve 213In the second feedforward controller, the corresponding basic desired opening β of the second valve 22 is found out by means of a feedforward lookup table2-1。
S520: the base desired opening degree β of the second valve 22 to be obtained2-1As the target desired opening degree β of the second valve 222Then, step S700 is performed.
Note that, the basic desired opening degree β of the second valve 22 in the second feed-forward control2-1And the actual desired opening alpha of the first valve 213The specific corresponding relation can be correspondingly adjusted according to later-stage test calibration so as to improve the precision of the first feedforward control.
S600: by obtaining the target desired opening degree beta of the second valve 222Minus second valve 22Actual opening degree beta1Obtaining a control error e of the second valve 222。
S700: control error e of second valve 22 to be obtained2The input parameter of the second PID controller is subjected to PID control adjustment by the second PID controller, and the actual expected opening degree beta of the second valve 22 is obtained through output3. The fuel cell controller 26 obtains the actual desired opening degree beta of the second valve 22 based on the obtained3The second valve 22 is controlled to adjust the opening degree to the actual desired opening degree beta of the second valve 223。
Through the control method, the fuel cell controller 26 can adjust the opening of the first valve 21 in real time according to the hydrogen as the forward stack pressure p, and adjust the opening of the second valve 22 in real time according to the opening of the first valve 21, so that air and oxygen in a proper proportion are provided for the combustor 23, the hydrogen entering the combustor 23 is fully combusted, the hydrogen discharged from the hydrogen discharge pipeline is fully utilized, the utilization rate of the hydrogen is improved, meanwhile, tail gas generated after the combustor 23 is combusted enters the expander 24, power is provided for the air compressor 11, and parasitic power consumption of the fuel cell is reduced.
Further, the target desired opening degree α of the first valve 21 is obtained through the feed-forward control based on the hydrogen as-is stack pressure p2Before, that is, before performing the step S200, the control method further includes:
s110: judging whether the current hydrogen advancing stack pressure p is larger than the current hydrogen advancing stack pressure threshold value pth. If the pressure p of the hydrogen advancing stack is larger than the pressure threshold p of the hydrogen advancing stackthIf it is determined that there is an excessive amount of hydrogen gas that does not participate in the electrochemical reaction in the stack, which is discharged from the hydrogen discharge pipe, the steps S200-S700 are performed, and the opening degrees of the first valve 21 and the second valve 22 are controlled by the fuel cell controller 26, so that the proper amount of hydrogen gas and oxygen gas is supplied to the combustor 23 as fuel; if the pressure p of the hydrogen advancing stack is smaller than the pressure threshold p of the hydrogen advancing stackthWhen it is indicated that only a small amount of hydrogen gas, which has not participated in the electrochemical reaction in the stack, is discharged from the hydrogen discharge pipe, the steps S200-S700 are terminated, and the fuel cell controller 26 controls the first valve 21 andsecond valve 22 is closed.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 3, 7, 8 and 9, the present embodiment also provides another control method of an off-gas treatment system of a fuel cell, the control method including the steps of:
s100, the fuel cell controller 26 obtains the hydrogen in the hydrogen inlet pipeline 14 of the stack as the stack advancing pressure p and the actual opening alpha of the first valve 2111And the actual opening degree beta of the second valve 221. Wherein the actual opening alpha of the first valve 211Is obtained by an opening sensor on the first valve 21 and is transmitted to the fuel cell controller 26 by a hard wire signal; actual opening degree β of second valve 221Is obtained by an opening sensor on the second valve 22 and is transmitted to the fuel cell controller 26 by a hard-wired signal; the hydrogen gas as-fed stack pressure p is obtained by a pressure sensor 25 provided on the first pipe and transmitted to a fuel cell controller 26 by a hard-wired signal.
S200: based on the obtained pressure p of the hydrogen advancing stack, the pressure p of the hydrogen advancing stack is used as the input of feed-forward control, and the target expected opening degree alpha input into the first valve 21 is obtained after the feed-forward control2。
Since the change of the pressure p of the hydrogen gas in the hydrogen inlet pipe 14 affects the change of the amount of the hydrogen gas discharged from the hydrogen discharge pipe, the target desired opening α of the first valve 21 is obtained according to the feedforward control2The opening degree of the first valve 21 can be adjusted in advance to perform feed-forward adjustment before the hydrogen gas passes through the first valve 21.
Specifically, the target desired opening degree α of the first valve 21 is obtained through the feed-forward control based on the obtained hydrogen as-go stack pressure p2The method comprises the following specific steps:
s210: inputting the obtained hydrogen into a first feedforward controller as a forward stack pressure p, and performing feedforward control by the first feedforward controller to obtain a basic expected opening alpha of the first valve 212-1。
The first feed forward control is a predetermined hydrogen as the forward stack pressure p and the base desired opening of the first valve 21Degree alpha2-1Graph in between. Then, according to the hydrogen as the forward stack pressure p, the corresponding basic expected opening degree alpha of the first valve 21 is found out in a mode of feedforward table look-up in the first feedforward controller2-1。
S230: the fuel cell controller 26 acquires the current power P of the air compressor 11; the basic desired alpha of the first valve 21 to be obtained2-1And the current power P of the air compressor 11 are used as the input of the third feedback control, and the corrected expected opening degree alpha 2-2 of the first valve 21 is obtained.
The third feedback control is the preset current power P of the air compressor 11 and the basic expected opening alpha of the first valve 212-1And the corrected desired opening alpha of the first valve 212-2A graph of (a).
It should be noted that the current power P of the air compressor 11 is transmitted from the air compressor 11 controller to the fuel cell controller 26 through the CAN bus network. The hydrogen pressure in the hydrogen inlet pipeline 14 is controlled by the hydrogen injection device, after the hydrogen injection device changes the pressure of the sprayed hydrogen, the output power of the air compressor 11 can be immediately adjusted correspondingly, the pressure sensor 25 needs to obtain the current hydrogen pressure p when the adjusted hydrogen pressure reaches the pressure sensor 25, and the hydrogen has no change speed of the power of the air compressor 11 when the change of the pressure of the stack is advanced. This step is to empty the air compressor 11 by P and the basic desired opening degree α of the first valve 212-1Together as an input parameter for the third feed-forward control, a basic desired opening degree α of the first valve 21 can be obtained2-1Corrected to obtain a corrected desired opening degree alpha of the first valve 212-2。
S240: the corrected desired opening degree α of the first valve 21 to be obtained2-2As the target desired opening degree α of the first valve 212Then, step S300 is performed. So that the actual desired opening degree of the first valve 21 is obtained more accurately. The control accuracy of the opening degree of the first valve 21 is improved.
Note that, the basic desired opening degree α of the first valve 21 in the first feed-forward control2-1The specific corresponding relation with the hydrogen as the advancing stack pressure p can be determined according to the followingCorrespondingly adjusting the test calibration to improve the precision of the first feedforward control; third feed forward control of the current power P of the air compressor 11, the basic desired opening alpha of the first valve 212-1And the corresponding relation of the corrected expected opening of the first valve 21 can be correspondingly adjusted according to later-stage test calibration so as to improve the precision of the second feedforward control.
S300: the target desired opening degree α of the first valve 21 to be obtained2Minus the obtained actual opening alpha of the first valve 211To obtain the control error e of the first valve 211。
S400: the control error e of the first valve 21 will be obtained1The input parameter of the first PID controller is subjected to PID control adjustment by the first PID controller, and the actual expected opening alpha of the first valve 21 is obtained through output3(ii) a The fuel cell controller 26 obtains the actual desired opening degree alpha of the first valve 213Thereafter, the first valve 21 is controlled to adjust the opening to the actual desired opening α 3 of the first valve 21.
S500: based on the obtained actual desired opening degree alpha of the first valve 213The actual desired opening degree alpha of the first valve 21 is set3As an input of the feedforward control, the target desired opening β of the second valve 22 is obtained after the feedforward control2。
Due to the actual desired opening alpha of the first valve 213The amount of hydrogen fed to the burner 23 is affected and the oxygen required for complete combustion of the hydrogen is related to the amount of hydrogen fed to the burner 23. Thus, the target desired opening degree β of the second valve 22 is obtained through the feed-forward control2The opening degree of the first valve 21 can be adjusted in advance to perform feed-forward adjustment before the hydrogen gas passes through the first valve 21.
In particular, based on the obtained actual desired opening degree α of the first valve 213After feedforward control, the target expected beta of the second valve 22 is obtained2The step of opening includes the steps of:
s510: the actual desired opening degree alpha of the first valve 21 to be obtained3Inputting the signal into a second feedforward controller, and performing feedforward control by the second feedforward controller to obtain the basic expected opening degree of the second valve 22β2-1。
The second feedforward control is the actual desired opening alpha of the first valve 21 established in advance3And the base desired opening degree beta of the second valve 222-1A graph of (a). And thereafter on the basis of the actual desired opening alpha of the first valve 213In the second feedforward controller, the corresponding basic desired opening β of the second valve 22 is found by means of a feedforward look-up table2-1。
S530: the fuel cell controller 26 acquires the current rotating speed N of the air compressor 11; the base desired opening degree β of the second valve 22 to be obtained2-1And the current rotation speed N of the air compressor 11 are used as inputs of the fourth feedback control, and the corrected desired opening degree of the second valve 22 is obtained.
It should be noted that the current speed N of the air compressor 11 is transmitted from the air compressor 11 controller to the fuel cell controller 26 through the CAN bus network. The fourth feedback control is the pre-designated current speed N of the air compressor 11 and the basic desired opening degree β of the second valve 222-1And a map of the corrected desired opening of the second valve 22. The basic desired opening degree β of the second valve 22 according to the rotation speed N of the air compressor 112-1And the correction is carried out to a certain degree, so that the condition that the normal reaction of a galvanic pile is influenced or the power consumption of the air compressor 11 is increased due to the violent change of the rotating speed of the air compressor 11 in the process of adjusting the opening degree of the second valve 22 can be avoided.
S540: the base desired opening degree β of the second valve 22 to be obtained2-1As the target desired opening degree β of the second valve 222Then, step S700 is performed. So that the actual desired opening degree of the second valve 22 is obtained more accurately. The accuracy of control of the opening degree of the second valve 22 is improved.
Note that, the basic desired opening degree β of the second valve 22 in the second feed-forward control2-1And the actual desired opening alpha of the first valve 213The specific corresponding relation of the first feedforward control and the second feedforward control can be correspondingly adjusted according to later-stage test calibration so as to improve the precision of the second feedforward control. Base desired opening degree β of second valve 22 in fourth feedforward control2-1The correspondence relationship between the current rotation speed N of the air compressor 11 and the corrected desired opening degree of the second valve 22 may beAnd correspondingly adjusting according to later-stage test calibration so as to improve the precision of the fourth feedforward control.
S600: by obtaining the target desired opening degree beta of the second valve 222Minus the actual opening beta of the second valve 221Obtaining a control error e of the second valve 222。
S700: control error e of second valve 22 to be obtained2The input parameter of the second PID controller is subjected to PID control adjustment by the second PID controller, and the actual expected opening beta of the second valve 22 is obtained through output3. The fuel cell controller 26 obtains the actual desired opening degree beta of the second valve 22 based on the obtained3The second valve 22 is controlled to adjust the opening degree to the actual desired opening degree beta of the second valve 223。
Through the steps of S100 to S700, the fuel cell controller 26 can adjust the opening of the first valve 21 in real time according to the hydrogen as the forward stack pressure p, and adjust the opening of the second valve 22 in real time according to the opening of the first valve 21, so as to provide air and oxygen in a proper proportion to the combustor 23, so that the hydrogen entering the combustor 23 is sufficiently combusted, the hydrogen discharged from the hydrogen discharge pipe is sufficiently utilized, the hydrogen utilization rate is improved, meanwhile, the tail gas generated after the combustion of the combustor 23 enters the expander 24, power is provided for the air compressor 11, and the parasitic power consumption of the fuel cell is reduced.
Further, the target desired opening degree α of the first valve 21 is obtained through the feed-forward control based on the hydrogen as-is stack pressure p2Before, that is, before performing the step S200, the control method further includes:
s110: judging whether the current hydrogen advancing stack pressure p is larger than the current hydrogen advancing stack pressure threshold value pth. If the pressure p of the hydrogen advancing stack is larger than the pressure threshold p of the hydrogen advancing stackthIf it is determined that there is an excessive amount of hydrogen gas that does not participate in the electrochemical reaction in the stack, which is discharged from the hydrogen discharge pipe, the steps S200-S700 are performed, and the opening degrees of the first valve 21 and the second valve 22 are controlled by the fuel cell controller 26, so that the proper amount of hydrogen gas and oxygen gas is supplied to the combustor 23 as fuel; if the pressure p of the hydrogen advancing pile is less thanHydrogen forward stack pressure threshold pthIt means that only a small amount of hydrogen gas that does not participate in the electrochemical reaction in the stack is discharged from the hydrogen discharge pipe, and the steps S200-S700 are terminated, and the fuel cell controller 26 controls the first valve 21 and the second valve 22 to be closed.
In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above are not necessarily intended to refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, various embodiments or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by those skilled in the art.
Claims (10)
1. An exhaust gas treatment system for a fuel cell, comprising:
the first valve is connected with a hydrogen discharge pipeline of the galvanic pile;
the second valve is connected with an air inlet pipeline of the electric pile;
the hydrogen inlet end of the burner is connected with the first valve, and the gas inlet end of the burner is connected with the second valve; and the number of the first and second groups,
the air inlet end of the expansion machine is connected with the tail gas end of the combustor, and the rotor shaft of the expansion machine is coaxially connected with the rotor shaft of the air compressor so as to provide power for the air compressor.
2. The fuel cell exhaust gas treatment system according to claim 1, further comprising a pressure sensor provided on a hydrogen inlet pipe of the stack.
3. The fuel cell exhaust gas treatment system according to claim 2, wherein the hydrogen inlet pipe and the hydrogen discharge pipe are connected to a hydrogen circulation pump, wherein one end of the hydrogen circulation pump connected to the hydrogen inlet pipe is located upstream of one end of the pressure sensor connected to the hydrogen inlet pipe, and one end of the hydrogen circulation pump connected to the hydrogen discharge pipe is located upstream of one end of the first valve connected to the hydrogen discharge pipe.
4. The fuel cell exhaust gas treatment system according to claim 1, wherein the intake duct is provided with an intercooler, and an end of the second valve connected to the intake duct is located between the air compressor and the intercooler.
5. A control method for controlling an off-gas treatment system of a fuel cell according to any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising the steps of:
acquiring the pressure of hydrogen of the galvanic pile as a forward pile, the actual opening of the first valve and the actual opening of the second valve;
obtaining a target expected opening degree of a first valve through feed-forward control based on the hydrogen current forward stack pressure;
obtaining a control error of the first valve based on a difference value between the target expected opening degree of the first valve and the actual opening degree of the first valve;
obtaining the actual expected opening degree of the first valve through PID control according to the control error of the first valve; adjusting the opening degree of the first valve to be an actual expected opening degree of the first valve;
acquiring a target expected opening degree of a second valve through feed-forward control based on the actual expected opening degree of the first valve;
subtracting the actual opening degree of the second valve from the target expected opening degree of the second valve to obtain a control error of the second valve;
obtaining the actual expected opening degree of the second valve through PID control based on the control error of the second valve; the opening degree of the second valve is adjusted to an actual desired opening degree of the second valve.
6. The control method according to claim 5, wherein the step of obtaining the target desired opening degree of the first valve through feed forward control based on the hydrogen current stack pressure comprises:
obtaining a basic expected opening degree of a first valve through a first feed-forward control based on the hydrogen gas forward stack pressure;
and taking the basic expected opening degree of the first valve as the target expected opening degree of the first valve.
7. The control method of claim 5, wherein the step of obtaining a target desired opening degree of the second valve via feed forward control based on an actual desired opening degree of the first valve comprises:
obtaining a base desired opening degree of the second valve through a second feed-forward control based on the actual desired opening degree of the first valve;
and taking the basic expected opening degree of the second valve as the target expected opening degree of the second valve.
8. The control method according to claim 5, wherein the step of obtaining the target desired opening degree of the first valve through feed forward control based on the hydrogen current stack pressure comprises:
obtaining a basic expected opening degree of a first valve through a first feed-forward control based on the hydrogen gas forward stack pressure;
acquiring the current power of the air compressor, and correcting the expected opening of the first valve through third feedforward control based on the current power of the air compressor to obtain the corrected expected opening of the first valve;
and taking the corrected expected opening degree of the first valve as the target expected opening degree of the first valve.
9. The control method of claim 5, wherein the step of obtaining a target desired opening degree of the second valve via feed forward control based on an actual desired opening degree of the first valve comprises:
obtaining a base desired opening degree of the second valve through a second feed-forward control based on the actual desired opening degree of the first valve;
acquiring the current rotating speed of the air compressor, and correcting the basic expected opening degree of the second valve through fourth feedforward control based on the current rotating speed of the air compressor to obtain the corrected expected opening degree of the second valve;
and taking the corrected expected opening degree of the second valve as the target expected opening degree of the second valve.
10. The control method according to any one of claims 5 to 9, wherein before the target desired opening degree of the first valve is obtained by feed-forward control based on the hydrogen current stack pressure, the method further comprises: and judging whether the pressure of the hydrogen gas in the forward direction is greater than the pressure threshold of the hydrogen gas in the forward direction, and if so, obtaining the target expected opening degree of the first valve based on the pressure of the hydrogen gas in the forward direction.
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