CN114740182A - Physical model test system and method for simulating stratum collapse caused by deep well pumping - Google Patents

Physical model test system and method for simulating stratum collapse caused by deep well pumping Download PDF

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CN114740182A
CN114740182A CN202210660095.4A CN202210660095A CN114740182A CN 114740182 A CN114740182 A CN 114740182A CN 202210660095 A CN202210660095 A CN 202210660095A CN 114740182 A CN114740182 A CN 114740182A
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pumping
water
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CN114740182B (en
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张振杰
宫亮
张志刚
王蓉
李民
曾纯品
孙殿军
梁海方
张春辉
逄程
彭立强
徐文磊
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No 801 Hydrogeological Engineering Geology Brigade of Shandong Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources
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Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of municipal construction, and particularly relates to a physical model test system and a physical model test method for simulating stratum collapse caused by deep well pumping, wherein the physical model test system comprises a bearing test box, an experiment soil layer and a simulation platform, wherein the experiment soil layer is used for forming a ground stress environment; the layered water pumping and soil filtering mechanism is arranged in the center of the experimental soil layer in the vertical direction and used for simulating and pumping and separating underground water-soil mixtures, and comprises a water pumping pipe, a soil-water separation layer, a layered soil loader and a water pumping filter layer which are sequentially arranged from inside to outside; the underground water level control mechanism is used for controlling the underground water level of an experimental soil layer and comprises an underground water injection pipe arranged at the bottom of the experimental soil layer; and the water pumping control mechanism is used for controlling the water pumping pressure and the water pumping quantity of the layered water pumping and soil filtering mechanism and is connected with the water pumping pipe.

Description

Physical model test system and method for simulating stratum collapse caused by deep well pumping
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of municipal construction, and particularly relates to a physical model test system and method for simulating deep well pumping-induced formation collapse.
Background
The statements in this section merely provide background information related to the present disclosure and may not necessarily constitute prior art.
With the rapid development of socioeconomic, a large number of capital construction projects begin to develop underground, and foundation pit projects are important means for urban underground development and underground space development. After the 21 st century, along with the large-scale construction of urban underground rail transit and major transportation hubs, foundation pit engineering becomes more and more complex, and the control of underground water, the settlement of strata and the protection of surrounding environment in foundation pit construction are of great importance. The change of the groundwater level can affect the safety of the engineering and the ground surface building, but the action mechanism of the groundwater level on the foundation pit engineering and the ground surface building is not clear, the mechanism of stratum collapse caused by deep well pumping is researched, the safety construction of the foundation pit engineering is guaranteed, and the safety and the stability of the ground surface building are guaranteed. The pumping test carried out on site in a large range has high cost and low benefit, numerical calculation and analysis cannot truly reflect the underground environment, and the physical model test can vividly and intuitively reproduce the underground water pumping process and the stratum collapse process in the foundation pit engineering.
According to the knowledge of the inventor, the prior art discloses that the thickness of a water-containing layer and pore water pressure distribution and flow characteristics of different water pump positions are obtained through experiments, but the device cannot realize stratum settlement simulation and cannot accurately restore an underground stress environment; related researches record that water tanks are arranged on two sides of a sandy soil model to realize water pumping and recharging simulation, but stratum settlement simulation cannot be realized, and an underground stress environment cannot be accurately restored; the simulation of the pumping well can not be accurately realized by using an ideal aquifer and weakly permeable stratum alternate interbed system as the simulation of the pumping ground settlement without considering the influence of soil layers; the process of pumping water to the complete well can be reproduced, the state of the movement of the water to the complete well is simulated, but the stratum settlement cannot be simulated; the actual water level circulation lifting process can be effectively simulated, the settlement, the soil pressure and the pore water pressure of different soil layers can be monitored in real time, and the real underground stress environment cannot be simulated.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a physical model test system and a method for simulating the stratum collapse caused by deep well pumping,
according to some embodiments, a first aspect of the present invention provides a physical model test system for simulating formation collapse caused by deep well pumping, which adopts the following technical solutions:
a physical model test system for simulating deep well pumping induced formation collapse comprises:
the bearing experiment box is internally provided with an experiment soil layer for forming a ground stress environment;
the layered water pumping and soil filtering mechanism is arranged in the center of the experimental soil layer in the vertical direction and used for simulating and pumping and separating underground water-soil mixtures, and comprises a water pumping pipe, a soil-water separation layer, a layered soil loader and a water pumping filter layer which are sequentially arranged from inside to outside;
the underground water level control mechanism is used for controlling the underground water level of an experimental soil layer and comprises an underground water injection pipe arranged at the bottom of the experimental soil layer;
and the water pumping control mechanism is used for controlling the water pumping pressure and the water pumping quantity of the layered water pumping and soil filtering mechanism and is connected with the water pumping pipe.
As a further technical limitation, the top of the experimental soil layer and two parallel side surfaces of the experimental soil layer are both fixed with a soil stress loader through a force-transmitting soil retaining plate; the soil stress loader controls the magnitude of the loaded soil stress through the stress control center.
Furthermore, soil layer scale marks are arranged on the outer wall of the bearing test box, which is perpendicular to the outer sides of the two sides of the experimental soil layer fixed with the soil stress loader.
As a further technical limitation, the layered water pumping and soil filtering mechanism further comprises an automatic layered partition arranged between adjacent layered soil carriers.
As a further technical limitation, a coating layering identification for controlling experimental soil filling is fixed on the outer side of the pumping filter layer.
As a further technical limitation, the pumping filter layer is made of filter layer materials and used for simulating actual pumping well filter layer materials, the content of soil and water in pumped mud-water mixtures is changed by replacing different filter layer materials, and the influence of filter materials on the pumping effect is simulated.
As a further technical limitation, the ground water level control mechanism further comprises a ground water level control center connected with the ground water injection pipe.
As a further technical limitation, the water pumping control mechanism comprises a water pumping pump communicated with the water pumping pipe and a water pumping control center connected with the water pumping pump.
As a further technical limitation, the box bodies of the bearing experimental boxes are made of high-strength transparent glass.
According to some embodiments, the second aspect of the present invention provides a physical model test method for simulating formation collapse caused by deep well pumping, which adopts the following technical solutions:
a physical model test method for simulating deep well pumping to initiate formation collapse comprises the following steps:
the magnitude of the loaded soil stress is adjusted through a soil stress loader to form an underground soil stress environment;
loading underground water to an experimental soil layer;
starting a water pump to pump underground water of the experimental soil layer;
the method is characterized in that soil bodies of different soil layers are collected based on an automatic layering partition and a layering soil carrier, the sand output of the soil layers in the pumping process is simulated, and stratum collapse caused by pumping of a deep well is simulated.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention truly simulates the underground stress environment and the underground water environment, and realizes the coupling loading of the stress field and the seepage field; the stratum sedimentation process can be visually observed, and the change water level of underground water can be observed; the specific position of stratum collapse can be found out, and the influence of the water pumping process on different stratums can be found out; the influence of the filter material on the water pumping effect and the stratum settlement can be simulated; the sand yield in the water pumping process can be accurately simulated, and theoretical guidance is provided for selection of filter materials and control of strata during water pumping; the visualization degree is high, and the flow of fluid, the sedimentation of stratum, the extraction of mud-water mixture, the separation and storage of soil layer, etc. in the test can be directly observed.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention.
Fig. 1 is a schematic overall structural diagram of a physical model test system for simulating deep well pumping induced formation collapse in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the layered water-pumping soil-filtering mechanism of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating simulation results according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a flowchart of a physical model testing method for simulating formation collapse caused by deep well pumping in the second embodiment of the present invention;
the transparent type bearing experiment box comprises a transparent type bearing experiment box body 1, a layered water pumping and soil filtering mechanism 2, an underground water level control mechanism 3, an underground water level control mechanism 4, a water pumping control mechanism 5, an experiment soil layer 6, a soil stress loader 7, a force transmission retaining plate 8, a stress control center 9, soil layer scale marks 10, a water pumping pipe 11, a water pumping filter layer 12, a layered soil loader 13, a soil-water separation layer 14, an automatic layered partition wall 15, a soil layer layered mark 16, an underground water injection pipe 17, an underground water level control center 18, a water pumping pump 19 and a water pumping control center.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and examples.
It is to be understood that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the invention as claimed. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of exemplary embodiments according to the invention. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
In the present invention, terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "rear", "vertical", "horizontal", "side", "bottom", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only terms of relationships determined for convenience of describing structural relationships of the parts or elements of the present invention, and are not intended to refer to any parts or elements of the present invention, and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the present invention, terms such as "fixedly connected", "connected", and the like are to be understood in a broad sense, and mean either a fixed connection or an integrally connected or detachable connection; may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate. For persons skilled in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be determined according to specific situations, and the terms should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
The embodiments and features of the embodiments of the present invention may be combined with each other without conflict.
Example one
The embodiment of the invention introduces a physical model test system for simulating deep well pumping to initiate formation collapse.
The physical model test system for simulating the stratum collapse caused by deep well pumping as shown in fig. 1 comprises a transparent bearing test box 1, a layered water pumping and soil filtering mechanism 2, an underground water level control mechanism 3 and a pumping control mechanism 4;
specifically, the transparent bearing experiment box 1 is used for bearing an experiment soil layer 5 and forming a ground stress environment; the layered water pumping and soil filtering mechanism 2 is used for simulating the pumping of underground water and separating soil-water mixtures; the underground water control system 3 is used for controlling the underground water level; the water pumping control mechanism 4 is used for controlling the water pumping pressure and the water pumping amount.
As shown in figure 1, the transparent type load-bearing experimental box 1 is formed by sealing and assembling six surfaces of high-strength transparent glass, and is sealed and watertight integrally. Soil stress loaders 6 are fixed to the left side, the right side and the top in the transparent type bearing experiment box 1, a force-transferring retaining plate 7 is mounted at the front end of each soil stress loader 6, and the force-transferring retaining plate 7 acts on an experiment soil layer 5 to form an underground soil stress environment.
In one or more embodiments, the soil stress loader 6 controls the magnitude of soil stress loading through the stress control center 8, and performs pressure stabilization, pressure relief, pressure regulation and the like. The soil stress loader 6 loads the lateral surface and the top surface of the experimental soil layer 5 to form a construction stress environment of underground deep part.
As one or more embodiments, soil layer scale lines 9 are drawn on the outer side of the transparent bearing experiment box 1 and are used for measuring the soil layer settlement in the water pumping process. The depth of each soil layer of the experimental soil layer 5 is recorded before the experiment begins, then the depth of each soil layer is monitored at regular intervals in the water pumping process, and the change curve of the depth of each soil layer of the experimental soil layer 5 along with the time is drawn.
As shown in fig. 2, the layered water pumping and soil filtering mechanism 2 comprises a water pumping pipe 10, a water pumping filter layer 11, a layered soil carrier 12, a soil-water separation layer 13, an automatic layered partition 14 and a soil layered identifier 15;
specifically, the outermost layer of the layered water pumping and soil filtering mechanism 2 is a water pumping filter layer 11, and different filter layer materials can be filled in the water pumping filter layer 11 and used for simulating the filter layer materials of an actual water pumping well; the layered soil loader 12 is tightly attached to the inner side of the water pumping filter layer 11 and is used for collecting soil body materials pumped out in the water pumping process of each layer of soil layer; a soil-water separation layer 13 is arranged inside the layered soil carrier 12, and the pumped mud-water mixture is separated into soil and water by arranging a dense filter network, wherein the soil is left in the layered soil carrier 12, and the water is pumped away through a water pumping pipe; the soil-water separation layer 13 is tightly attached to the water pumping pipe 10 inserted into the experimental soil body; the suction pipe 10 is used for pumping experimental groundwater.
An automatic layering partition 14 is arranged between the layering soil-loading devices 12, the automatic layering partition 14 can be opened and closed through an experiment requirement controller, separation and communication between soil layers of the layering soil-loading devices are achieved, and soil bodies on different soil layers can be collected in a classified mode.
The pumping filter layer 11 is used for simulating the actual pumping well filter layer material, and the soil body and water body content in the pumped mud-water mixture are changed by replacing different filter layer materials.
And the soil layer layering identification 15 is fixed on the outer side of the pumping filter layer 11 and used for controlling layering marks during experimental soil filling.
The ground water level control mechanism 3 mainly comprises a ground water filling pipe 16 and a ground water level control center 17. The groundwater injection pipe 16 is installed at the bottom of the transparent type bearing experiment box 1, inserted into the bottom layer of the experiment soil body 5, and used for loading groundwater to the experiment soil body 5. The ground water level control center 17 monitors the ground water level in real time, is used for controlling and adjusting the height of the ground water, and timely controls the ground water injection pipe 16 to supply water in the pumping process.
The water pumping control mechanism 4 comprises a water pumping pump 18 and a water pumping control center 19, wherein the water pumping pump 18 is connected with a water pumping pipe 10 and used for pumping experimental underground water, and two pumping modes of constant water pressure pumping and constant flow pumping can be adopted. The water pumping control center 19 is used for controlling the water pumping speed and monitoring the information such as the pressure, the flow and the like of water pumping in real time.
As shown in fig. 3, the main occurrence layer of formation subsidence, the cause of generation, whether the filter material is suitable, etc. can be clearly examined by the present invention.
Based on the introduced physical model test system for simulating the stratum collapse caused by deep well pumping, the embodiment can truly simulate the underground stress environment and the underground water environment, and realize the coupling loading of the stress field and the seepage field; the stratum sedimentation process can be visually observed, and the change water level of underground water can be observed; the specific position of stratum collapse can be found out, and the influence of the pumping process on different stratums can be found out; the influence of the filter material on the water pumping effect and the stratum settlement can be simulated; the sand yield in the water pumping process can be accurately simulated, and theoretical guidance is provided for selection of filter materials and control of strata during water pumping; the visualization degree is high, and the flow of fluid, the sedimentation of stratum, the extraction of mud-water mixture, the separation and storage of soil layer and the like in the test can be directly observed.
Example two
On the basis of the physical model test system for simulating the formation collapse caused by deep well pumping, the second embodiment of the invention introduces a physical model test method for simulating the formation collapse caused by deep well pumping.
As shown in fig. 4, a physical model test method for simulating deep well pumping to induce formation collapse includes:
adjusting the magnitude of the loaded soil stress through a soil stress loader to form an underground soil stress environment;
loading underground water to an experimental soil layer;
starting a water pump to pump underground water of the experimental soil layer;
the method is characterized in that soil bodies of different soil layers are collected based on an automatic layering partition and a layering soil carrier, the sand output of the soil layers in the pumping process is simulated, and stratum collapse caused by pumping of a deep well is simulated.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A physical model test system for simulating deep well pumping to initiate formation collapse is characterized by comprising:
the bearing experiment box is internally provided with an experiment soil layer for forming a ground stress environment;
the layered water pumping and soil filtering mechanism is arranged in the center of the experimental soil layer in the vertical direction and used for simulating and pumping and separating underground water-soil mixtures, and comprises a water pumping pipe, a soil-water separation layer, a layered soil loader and a water pumping filter layer which are sequentially arranged from inside to outside;
the underground water level control mechanism is used for controlling the underground water level of an experimental soil layer and comprises an underground water injection pipe arranged at the bottom of the experimental soil layer;
and the water pumping control mechanism is used for controlling the water pumping pressure and the water pumping quantity of the layered water pumping and soil filtering mechanism and is connected with the water pumping pipe.
2. The physical model test system for simulating deep well pumping induced formation collapse as claimed in claim 1, wherein the top of the experimental soil layer and two parallel side surfaces of the experimental soil layer are both fixed with a soil stress loader through a force-transmitting soil-retaining plate; the soil stress loader controls the magnitude of the loaded soil stress through the stress control center.
3. The physical model test system for simulating deep well pumping induced formation collapse as claimed in claim 2, wherein soil layer scale lines are provided on the outer wall of the bearing test box at the outer sides of two sides perpendicular to the test soil layer to which the soil stress loader is fixed.
4. The system for simulating deep well pump induced formation collapse according to claim 1, wherein the stratified pumping soil filter mechanism further comprises an automatic stratified partition disposed between adjacent stratified soil carriers.
5. The physical model test system for simulating deep well pumping induced formation collapse as claimed in claim 1, wherein the outside of the pumping filter layer is fixed with a coating layer identifier for controlling the filling of the test soil.
6. The physical model test system for simulating formation collapse caused by deep well pumping according to claim 1, wherein the pumping filter layer is made of filter layer materials and is used for simulating actual pumping well filter layer materials, and the influence of the filter material on the pumping effect is simulated by changing different filter layer materials to change the content of soil and water in the pumped mud-water mixture.
7. The system of claim 1, wherein the groundwater level control mechanism further comprises a groundwater level control center connected to the groundwater injection pipe.
8. The physical model test system for simulating formation collapse caused by deep well pumping according to claim 1, wherein the pumping control mechanism comprises a pumping pump communicated with the pumping pipe and a pumping control center connected with the pumping pump.
9. The physical model test system for simulating deep well pumping induced formation collapse as claimed in claim 1, wherein the boxes of the bearing test box are made of high-strength transparent glass.
10. A physical model test method for simulating deep well pumping induced formation collapse, which adopts the physical model test system for simulating deep well pumping induced formation collapse as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9, and is characterized by comprising the following steps:
adjusting the magnitude of the loaded soil stress through a soil stress loader to form an underground soil stress environment;
loading underground water to the experimental soil layer;
starting a water pump to pump underground water of the experimental soil layer;
the method is characterized in that soil bodies of different soil layers are collected based on an automatic layering partition and a layering soil carrier, the sand output of the soil layers in the pumping process is simulated, and stratum collapse caused by pumping of a deep well is simulated.
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