CN114738023A - Pressure dispersion type anchoring device and method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a pressure dispersion type anchoring device and a method, which relate to the technical field of anchor rod support and comprise a stamping head and a pressure applying assembly, wherein the pressure applying assembly comprises an anchor cable, a hollow anchor rod and a bearing plate connected with the hollow anchor rod; aiming at the problem that the existing composite anchoring structure is easy to lose efficacy, the bearing plate connected with the hollow anchor rod is provided with the convex block as a stress support of the anchor rope, the anchor rope bypasses the convex block and keeps fit with the convex block, the concentrated stress of the anchor rope is dispersed, the cooperative stress state of the anchor rope and the bearing plate is improved, and the reliability of the composite anchoring structure is improved.

Description

Pressure dispersion type anchoring device and method

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of anchor rod support, in particular to a pressure dispersion type anchoring device and method.

Background

The current tunnel engineering is mainly divided into mountain tunnels and submarine tunnels. Both mountain tunnels and submarine tunnels require primary support during construction as safety guarantee for site construction. The support form of the engineering mostly adopts spray anchor support, and the construction of the anchor rod is an important ring. At present, more anchor rod grouting materials are cement mortar, and a steel bar or a steel pipe is often used as a rod body. The anchor rod has good and fashionable surrounding rock properties and can exert due supporting capability.

When the tunnel is positioned in IV-grade or V-grade surrounding rocks with poor surrounding rock properties, broken rock masses can cause hole collapse to cause difficulty in hole forming, and bonding damage between anchor bolt grouting bodies and rocks can also occur due to poor bonding force between the anchor bolts and the broken rock masses, so that the anchor bolts cannot fully exert the self anchoring force. And broken rock mass is mostly in the rock fracture area, and is higher to the requirement of withdrawal resistance, and single body of rod can not satisfy the design requirement or the cost is too big.

In the prior art, a composite anchoring structure combining various anchor rods and anchor cables is disclosed, and the end parts of the anchor cables are fixed on the anchor rods, so that the anchor rods and the anchor cables are stressed cooperatively to improve the anchoring performance. Usually, an anchor cable is connected with an anchor rod through a bearing plate, one end of the anchor cable penetrates through the bearing plate and then is matched with a stop part such as a nut and a sleeve, the traction force of the anchor cable is applied to the anchor rod through the stop part, but the adopted stop part is easy to loosen and fall off under the action of vibration or corrosion, so that the connection failure is caused; meanwhile, the stress cooperativity of the anchor cable steel strand and the stop part is poor, so that the steel strand is easily sheared and damaged under the action of long-time stress, the bearing plate is also easily damaged, and the composite anchoring structure fails.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a pressure dispersion type anchoring device and a method aiming at the defects in the prior art.

The invention aims to provide a pressure dispersion type anchoring device, which adopts the following scheme:

including anchor rope, cavity stock and the bearing plate of connecting the cavity stock, bearing plate one side is equipped with the lug, and the bearing plate is equipped with first hole and the second hole that is located lug side, and first hole is passed and the second hole is passed after bypassing the lug to anchor rope one end, and anchor rope and lug laminating and laminating region are the arc.

Furthermore, the anchor cable is provided with a plurality of anchor cables, the lugs on the bearing plate correspond to the anchor cables one by one, and the lugs are arranged around the hollow anchor rod.

Furthermore, a groove for accommodating the anchor cable is formed in the bump, one end of the track of the groove is in smooth butt joint with the first hole, and the other end of the track of the groove is in smooth butt joint with the second hole, so that the groove is combined with the first hole and the second hole to enable the anchor cable to form a U-shaped section.

Furthermore, the hollow anchor rod is detachably connected with a hollow drill rod, a sleeve is sleeved outside the hollow drill rod, and the sleeve covers the matching position of the hollow anchor rod and the hollow drill rod.

Further, when the hollow drill rod is connected with the hollow anchor rod, the hollow drill rod and the sleeve are sequentially distributed along the radial direction, and one end of the sleeve is abutted to the bearing plate.

Furthermore, the bearing plate is provided with a pulp through hole, and the pulp through hole avoids the bump to be arranged and penetrates through the bearing plate.

Furthermore, the hollow anchor rod penetrates through the bearing plate, the outer wall of the hollow anchor rod is fixedly connected with the bearing plate, the hollow anchor rod is in butt joint with the grouting pipe, and the grouting pipe is connected with a drill bit.

Furthermore, slip casting pipe, cavity stock and drill bit coaxial arrangement, the drill bit is the triangle drill bit, and the triangle drill bit divides the three export of slip casting pipe exit end isolated.

A second object of the present invention is to provide a pressure-dispersed anchoring method using the pressure-dispersed anchoring device as defined in the first object, comprising:

assembling the anchor cable and the bearing plate, enabling the anchor cable to pass through the first hole and then to be attached to and bypass the second hole, and forming free ends at two ends of the anchor cable;

the hollow anchor rod, the bearing plate and the anchor cable are driven into a rock body through a drill hole, and the free end of the anchor cable is positioned outside the drill hole;

and grouting the drilled hole through the hollow anchor rod, and tensioning and locking the anchor cable after the design strength is reached.

Further, after the drilling is finished, the anchor cable is adjusted by drawing the free end of the anchor cable, so that the anchor cable is kept attached to the bump.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages and positive effects that:

(1) aiming at the problem that the existing composite anchoring structure is easy to lose efficacy, the bearing plate connected with the hollow anchor rod is provided with the convex block as a stress support of the anchor rope, the anchor rope bypasses the convex block and keeps fit with the convex block, the concentrated stress of the anchor rope is dispersed, the cooperative stress state of the anchor rope and the bearing plate is improved, and the reliability of the composite anchoring structure is improved.

(2) The end part of the anchor cable is fixed by fully utilizing the self structure of the anchor cable, so that the problems of looseness, integral shearing and damage of a tension bearing plate and the like caused by vibration or corrosion of a screw fixed in a traditional mode are avoided.

(3) The anchor cable is clamped in the grooves for fixing after passing through the through hole by the aid of the through hole and the grooves in the bumps, when the anchor cable is pulled, the grooves in the bumps can limit deviation of the anchor cable, connection states of the anchor cable, the bumps and the bearing plate are maintained, the anchor cable can slide along the grooves, and adjustment requirements of the anchor cable are met through a structure similar to a fixed pulley.

(4) The anchor rope cooperates the fixed orifices on the bearing plate and the recess on the lug, and it forms the biography force structure of U type to can improve the load that bears, avoided cutting many times, fixed of anchor rope when the equipment, the equipment is rapider, and the shearing of anchor rope is destroyed can be avoided to smooth U type biography force structure, and the atress state after the improvement can slow down the destruction that bearing plate local stress leads to.

(5) Set up the hollow drill rod and the cavity stock cooperation position of sleeve pipe structure to dismantling the connection and protect, the inside hollow region that forms of sleeve pipe can keep apart cooperation position and thick liquid, makes things convenient for it to carry out the dismouting, and the resin thick liquid of annotating is saved under the prerequisite that does not influence tensile properties simultaneously.

Drawings

The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention.

Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the cooperation of a hollow anchor rod, a hollow drill rod and a casing in embodiment 1 or 2 of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of the anchor cable matched with the bearing plate in embodiment 1 or 2 of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of an anchor cable according to embodiment 1 or 2 of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the anchor of embodiment 1 or 2 of the present invention.

In the figure, 1, a drill bit; 2. a pulp outlet; 3. grouting pipes; 4. a hollow anchor rod; 5. a hollow drill rod; 6. a sleeve; 7. a bearing plate; 8. a groove; 9. a fixing hole; 10. a slurry penetration hole; 11. connecting holes; 12. steel strand wires; 13. plastic cover; 14. a gasket; 15. anchoring; 16. a clip.

Detailed Description

Example 1

In an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, a pressure dispersing anchor is shown in fig. 1-4.

The pressure dispersion type anchoring device shown in fig. 1 is used for grouting and reinforcing tunnel surrounding rocks, particularly, a composite anchoring structure is formed by combining an anchor rod and an anchor cable to reinforce the tunnel surrounding rocks, a convex block is arranged on a bearing plate 7 connected with a hollow anchor rod 4 and serves as a stress support of the anchor cable, the anchor cable bypasses the convex block and is kept attached to the convex block, the concentrated stress of the anchor cable is dispersed, the synergetic stress state of the anchor cable and the bearing plate 7 is improved, meanwhile, resin serves as grouting liquid to perform grouting, and the reliability of the composite anchoring structure is improved.

With reference to fig. 1 and 2, the pressure dispersion type anchoring device mainly comprises a drill bit 1, a grouting pipe 3, a hollow anchor rod 4, a hollow drill rod 5, a bearing plate 7 and an anchor cable, wherein the bearing plate 7 is provided with a connecting hole 11, and the hollow anchor rod 4 passes through the connecting hole 11 and is fixedly connected with the bearing plate 7 through the outer wall of the hollow anchor rod matching with the connecting hole 11; a convex block is arranged on one side of the bearing plate 7, a first hole and a second hole which are positioned on the side of the convex block are arranged on the bearing plate 7, one end of the anchor cable penetrates through the first hole and the second hole after bypassing the convex block, the joint area of the anchor cable and the convex block is arc-shaped, and the convex block and the bearing plate 7 are stressed cooperatively.

The hollow anchor rod 4 is detachably connected with a hollow drill rod 5, a sleeve 6 is sleeved outside the hollow drill rod 5, and the sleeve 6 covers the matching position of the hollow anchor rod 4 and the hollow drill rod 5; the hollow anchor rod 4 penetrates through the bearing plate 7, the outer wall of the hollow anchor rod 4 is fixedly connected with the bearing plate 7, the hollow anchor rod 4 is in butt joint with the grouting pipe 3, and the grouting pipe 3 is connected with the drill bit 1.

As shown in fig. 1, the drill bit 1 in this embodiment is a triangular drill bit 1, and the triangular drill bit 1 divides the outlet end of the grouting pipe 3 into three separated outlets to form three dispersive slurry outlets 2; the triangular drill bit 1 is made of a three-wing steel plate material, is cut before welding, reserves a space required by the hollow grouting pipe 3, and is connected with the grouting pipe 3 in a welding mode, and the grouting pipe 3 is of a hollow structure.

The angle between the adjacent wings in the three wings of the triangular drill bit 1 is 120 degrees, the reaming radius of the triangular drill bit is larger than the radius of any section on the pressure dispersion type anchoring device, when drilling, the drilling formed by the triangular drill bit 1 can enable all parts at the rear to smoothly stretch into the drilling hole, meanwhile, the dispersion type grout outlet 2 can promote the flowing of output resin grout, the resin grout can smoothly flow during grouting, the grout can be ensured to be more uniform during grouting, and the rock cavity can be filled with the grout more rapidly.

The axial one end of hollow slip casting pipe 3 is welded with triangle drill bit 1, and the other end and the butt joint of cavity stock 4, cavity stock 4 and slip casting pipe 3 inside intercommunication, the structure of passing through as the thick liquid jointly.

In order to realize the connection between the hollow anchor rod 4 and the hollow drill rod 5, the hollow anchor rod 4 is provided with a thread section, the whole body is a hollow pipe with a section of thread structure, and the inner hollow structure can be used for slurry to flow; simultaneously, the bearing plate 7 can be fixed, the grouting pipe 3 is connected with the hollow anchor rod 4, and the grouting pipe 3, the hollow anchor rod 4 and the drill bit 1 are coaxially arranged. The hollow drill rod 5 and the hollow anchor rod 4 are screwed through threads, and the outer diameter of the hollow drill rod 5 is smaller than the inner diameter of the sleeve 6 and can be sleeved with the sleeve 6.

As shown in fig. 1, the hollow drill rod 5 is a hollow tube with a thread structure, and the thread structure of the hollow drill rod 5 can be detachably matched with the thread section of the hollow anchor rod 4. When the hollow drill rod 5 is driven into a rock body, the threads on the inner wall of the hollow drill rod are matched with the threads of the hollow anchor rod 4 to form connection.

As shown in fig. 1, when the hollow drill rod 5 is connected with the hollow anchor rod 4, the hollow drill rod 5 and the sleeve 6 are sequentially distributed along the radial direction, and one end of the sleeve 6 is abutted to the bearing plate 7. As shown in fig. 2, the hollow drill rod 5 and the hollow anchor rod 4 are fixed by screwing, the hollow drill rod 5 is positioned on one side of the bearing plate 7 far away from the drill bit 1, the hollow anchor rod 4 and the hollow drill rod 5 are used as force transmission structures for connecting the drill bit 1 and drilling driving equipment, the hollow drill rod 5, the hollow anchor rod 4, the grouting pipe 3 and the drill bit 1 are all driven into a rock stratum, and when grouting is needed after drilling is completed, grout is injected by using one end of the hollow drill rod 5, which is left outside the rock stratum.

After the injected grout completely wraps the anchor rod drill bit 1 and the bearing plate 7, the hollow drill rod 5 is withdrawn in a reverse rotation mode, and the grout outlet 2 of the hollow drill rod 5 still needs to be kept below the grout liquid level in the withdrawal process.

The sleeve 6 is always sleeved outside the hollow drill rod 5 before the hollow drill rod 5 is withdrawn, so that the resin slurry is prevented from contacting the hollow drill rod 5, the injected slurry is prevented from blocking the hollow drill rod 5 after solidification, and the drill rod is convenient to disassemble and assemble. Simultaneously, set up 6 structures of sleeve pipe and protect the cavity drilling rod 5 and the 4 cooperation positions of cavity stock that can dismantle the connection, 6 one end butt load board 7 of sleeve pipe, the inside hollow region that forms of sleeve pipe 6 can keep apart cooperation position and thick liquid, makes things convenient for it to carry out the dismouting, simultaneously under the prerequisite that does not influence tensile strength, saves the resin thick liquid of annotating, reduction material cost.

The bearing plate 7 is provided with a connecting hole 11 for the hollow anchor rod 4 to be matched at the center position inside, the anchor cable is provided with a plurality of anchor cables, the lugs on the bearing plate 7 correspond to the anchor cables one by one, and the lugs are arranged around the hollow anchor rod 4.

Meanwhile, a groove 8 for accommodating the anchor cable is formed in the bump, one end of the track of the groove 8 is in smooth butt joint with the first hole, and the other end of the track of the groove 8 is in smooth butt joint with the second hole, so that the groove 8 is combined with the first hole and the second hole to enable the anchor cable to form a U-shaped section.

In this embodiment, bearing plate 7 is circular disc, and first hole and second hole all are equipped with two sets of four fixed orificess 9 altogether on bearing plate 7 along 4 circumference of cavity stock as the fixed orifices 9 that supply the anchor rope to pass, and every group all includes first hole and second hole, and simultaneously, is equipped with on bearing plate 7 and passes through thick liquid hole 10, and it dodges the lug and arranges and run through bearing plate 7 to pass through thick liquid hole 10. As shown in fig. 2, four slurry-permeable holes 10 are provided, a projection is provided on the force-bearing plate 7, and a groove 8 is formed on the projection to serve as an anchor cable fixing groove. The circular perforated bearing plate is uniformly provided with four circular slurry penetrating holes 10 which are used as a circulation channel of resin slurry, and meanwhile, the integrity of a resin curing body and the anchor head is enhanced.

It can be understood that the groove 8 can also be obtained by bending the channel steel to form an arc shape and fixing the channel steel on the bearing plate 7, so that the groove 8 and the anchor cable are in good contact state, and the anchor cable and the groove 8 have good stress synergy.

The two ends of the groove 8 corresponding to the track are respectively provided with different fixing holes 9; the hollow anchor rod 4 is fixed with the bearing plate 7 by welding after passing through the connecting hole 11. As shown in fig. 3, the anchor cable is formed by wrapping a plastic sheath 13 around a steel strand 12.

When assembling pressure dispersion type anchor device, need place anchor rope one end after passing fixed orifices 9 in recess 8, then pass another fixed orifices 9 of the same group with the anchor rope other end, make the anchor rope become the U type at the section of recess 8, fixed orifices 9 region, be convenient for transmit the pulling force that comes on bearing plate 7, then transmit on the anchor body that the slip casting formed.

The anchor rope cooperates the fixed orifices 9 on the bearing plate 7 and the grooves 8 on the lugs, and forms a U-shaped force transfer structure, thereby improving the load born by the anchor rope, avoiding multiple cutting and fixing of the anchor rope during assembly, ensuring quicker assembly, avoiding the shearing damage of the anchor rope by the smooth U-shaped force transfer structure, and relieving the damage caused by the local stress of the bearing plate in the stress state after improvement.

As shown in fig. 4, the anchorage device comprises a gasket 14, an anchor spindle 15 and a clamping piece 16, after grouting is completed and an anchorage body formed by grouting meets specified requirements, an anchor cable sequentially penetrates through a hole reserved on the gasket 14, a reserved hole on the anchor spindle 15 and the clamping piece 16; and tensioning and locking by using a jack.

The injected slurry is resin slurry, and compared with a common grouting anchor rod, the pressure dispersion type anchoring device can complete drilling and rod body hole entering at one time when being driven into a rock stratum, does not need to be pulled out for multiple times, can better prevent hole collapse and hole blocking, and has relatively high construction speed; the existence of sleeve 6 can make the centering nature of whole stock in the hole better, and the body of rod is wrapped up in to resin thick liquid can be better, uses four strands of rubber coating steel strand wires 12 to replace the stereoplasm drilling rod simultaneously, and both combinations can greatly reduce the rusty condition of stock under rich water, the high acid and base condition, prolong the life of stock.

After the resin slurry is injected, the broken surrounding rocks can be reinforced in a short time in view of the short curing time of the resin slurry, and the initial support capability is provided for the tunnel under the poor geological conditions. After the composite material is cured, the bonding force between the synthetic resin and the rock is 2-3 times greater than that of cement mortar, so that the bonding damage between the grouting body and the rock body under the load action is avoided, the normal exertion of the anchor bolt supporting capacity is ensured, and the requirement of a high-tension design value is met.

After grouting is finished, the hollow drill rod 5 which can realize both grouting and force transmission can be withdrawn, and the rubber-coated prestressed steel strand 12 is used for replacing the hollow drill rod 5. Therefore, the anchor rod can bear larger pulling force, and the construction cost can be reduced by recycling the anchor rod. If the steel strand 12 is used as a temporary slope support, the steel strand 12 can be rapidly recycled after the support task is completed, and the construction cost is reduced again.

Example 2

In another exemplary embodiment of the present invention, a pressure dispersion type anchoring method is provided as shown in fig. 1 to 4.

In the present embodiment, a pressure-dispersed anchoring method is described with reference to the pressure-dispersed anchoring device in embodiment 1, and includes the following steps:

assembling the anchor cable and the bearing plate 7 to enable the anchor cable to pass through the first hole and then to be attached to and bypass the second hole, and forming free ends at two ends of the anchor cable;

the hollow anchor rod 4, the bearing plate 7 and the anchor cable are driven into a rock body through a drill hole, and the free end of the anchor cable is positioned outside the drill hole;

after drilling is finished, the anchor cable is adjusted by drawing the free end of the anchor cable, so that the anchor cable is kept attached to the bump;

and grouting the drilled hole through the hollow anchor rod 4, and stretching and locking the anchor cable after the designed strength is reached.

With reference to fig. 1, 2 and 4, for the above anchoring method, the following detailed steps are included:

1) preparing, namely preparing a pressure dispersion type anchoring device and matched installation equipment, assembling the pressure dispersion type anchoring device according to the requirements of a drawing and preparing resin slurry;

2) measuring and marking, namely measuring and lofting after the concrete surface layer is formed after the initial spraying of the tunnel is finished, and determining the drilling position of the anchor rod and marking;

3) drilling, namely, drilling a hole in the pressure dispersion type anchoring device in a direction perpendicular to the rock surface or along the radial direction of the tunnel, and driving a drill bit 1, a hollow anchor rod 4, a hollow drill rod 5 and an anchor rope which are prepared in advance into a rock body through a drill jumbo;

4) grouting operation, namely injecting the prepared resin slurry along the hollow drill rod 5 through grouting equipment, stopping grouting after the slurry is discharged from an exhaust port, withdrawing the hollow drill rod 5, and keeping the hollow anchor rod 4, the drill bit 1 and the grouting pipe 3 in a drill hole;

5) tensioning and locking, namely after the design strength is reached, tensioning and locking by using an anchorage device to block an anchor rod hole;

6) and (4) quality detection, wherein a nondestructive detector for the anchor rod and the anchor cable is adopted for construction quality detection.

The bearing plate 7 is provided with a through hole for the anchor cable to pass through, the anchor cable is clamped in the groove 8 for fixing after passing through the through hole by utilizing the groove 8 on the through hole and the lug, when the anchor cable is pulled, the groove 8 on the lug can limit the deviation of the anchor cable, the connection state of the anchor cable, the lug and the bearing plate 7 is maintained, the anchor cable can slide along the groove 8, and the adjustment requirement of the anchor cable is met through a structure similar to a fixed pulley.

The end part of the anchor cable is fixed by fully utilizing the self structure of the anchor cable, so that the problems of looseness, integral shearing and damage of a tension bearing plate and the like caused by vibration or corrosion of a screw fixed in a traditional mode are avoided.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. The utility model provides a pressure dispersion type anchor, its characterized in that, includes anchor rope, cavity stock and the bearing plate of connecting the cavity stock, and bearing plate one side is equipped with the lug, and the bearing plate is equipped with the first hole and the second hole that are located lug side, and anchor rope one end passes first hole and passes the second hole after bypassing the lug, and anchor rope and lug laminating and laminating region are the arc.

2. The pressure-dispersing anchor of claim 1, wherein the anchor cable has a plurality of projections, the projections on the force-bearing plate corresponding one-to-one to the anchor cable, the projections being arranged around the hollow anchor rod.

3. The pressure dispersing anchor of claim 1 in which the projection has a recess for receiving the cable bolt, one end of the path of the recess smoothly abutting the first bore and the other end smoothly abutting the second bore, such that the recess in combination with the first and second bores forms the cable bolt into a U-shaped section.

4. The pressure dispersing anchoring device of claim 1 wherein a hollow drill rod is removably connected to the hollow anchor rod, and a sleeve is sleeved over the hollow drill rod and covers the mating position of the hollow anchor rod and the hollow drill rod.

5. The pressure dispersing anchor of claim 1 in which the hollow shank, the hollow shank and the sleeve are radially disposed in sequence with one end of the sleeve abutting the load bearing plate when the hollow shank is connected to the hollow shank.

6. The pressure-dispersing anchor of claim 1, wherein the carrier plate has a grout-permeable hole, the grout-permeable hole being disposed free of the projection and extending through the carrier plate.

7. The pressure dispersing anchor of claim 1 in which the hollow anchor rod penetrates a bearing plate, the outer wall of the hollow anchor rod is fixedly connected with the bearing plate, the hollow anchor rod is in butt joint with a grouting pipe, and a drill bit is connected to the grouting pipe.

8. The pressure-dispersing anchor of claim 7 in which the grout tube, hollow shank and drill bit are arranged coaxially, the drill bit being a triangular drill bit which divides the outlet end of the grout tube into three separate outlets.

9. A pressure-dispersed anchoring method using the pressure-dispersed anchoring device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising:

assembling the anchor cable and the bearing plate, enabling the anchor cable to pass through the first hole and then to be attached to and bypass the second hole, and forming free ends at two ends of the anchor cable; the hollow anchor rod, the bearing plate and the anchor cable are driven into the rock body through the drill hole, and the free end of the anchor cable is positioned outside the drill hole;

and grouting the drilled hole through the hollow anchor rod, and tensioning and locking the anchor cable after the design strength is reached.

10. The pressure-dispersed method of anchoring of claim 9, wherein the cable is adjusted by pulling on the cable free end after drilling is complete to maintain the cable in engagement with the projection.

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