CN114725759B - Optical fiber laser system for generating high-energy soliton cluster pulses - Google Patents
Optical fiber laser system for generating high-energy soliton cluster pulses Download PDFInfo
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- CN114725759B CN114725759B CN202210244459.0A CN202210244459A CN114725759B CN 114725759 B CN114725759 B CN 114725759B CN 202210244459 A CN202210244459 A CN 202210244459A CN 114725759 B CN114725759 B CN 114725759B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
- H01S3/06—Construction or shape of active medium
- H01S3/063—Waveguide lasers, i.e. whereby the dimensions of the waveguide are of the order of the light wavelength
- H01S3/067—Fibre lasers
- H01S3/06708—Constructional details of the fibre, e.g. compositions, cross-section, shape or tapering
- H01S3/06725—Fibre characterized by a specific dispersion, e.g. for pulse shaping in soliton lasers or for dispersion compensating [DCF]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
- H01S3/06—Construction or shape of active medium
- H01S3/063—Waveguide lasers, i.e. whereby the dimensions of the waveguide are of the order of the light wavelength
- H01S3/067—Fibre lasers
- H01S3/06708—Constructional details of the fibre, e.g. compositions, cross-section, shape or tapering
- H01S3/06716—Fibre compositions or doping with active elements
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/10—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating
- H01S3/11—Mode locking; Q-switching; Other giant-pulse techniques, e.g. cavity dumping
- H01S3/1106—Mode locking
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Abstract
The invention discloses an optical fiber laser system for generating high-energy soliton cluster pulses, and aims to solve the technical problem that the existing optical fiber laser is difficult to realize high-energy soliton cluster pulse output. The system comprises a mode-locked fiber laser (1), a first fiber circulator (2), a chirped fiber Bragg grating (3), a Mach-Zehnder modulator (4), an arbitrary waveform generator (5), a second fiber circulator (6), a pumping source (7), a coupler (8), a first wavelength division multiplexer (9), a first ytterbium-doped fiber (10), a fiber filter (11), a second wavelength division multiplexer (12) and a second ytterbium-doped fiber (13). The invention realizes the adjustability of the quantity and the repetition frequency of the subpulses in the high-energy soliton cluster, has the advantages of simple and compact structure, simple debugging, high stability and the like, and can be applied to the fields of optical communication, micro-machining, medical treatment and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of laser, and particularly relates to a design of a fiber laser system for generating high-energy soliton cluster pulses.
Background
Since the first ruby laser appeared in 1960, laser-based laser technology has been widely applied to many fields such as science and technology, military, economy and daily life, and has greatly promoted social development and productivity progress. The fiber laser has the advantages of small volume, good beam quality, compact structure, high reliability, no need of space collimation and the like, and is widely applied to the fields of spectroscopy, high-speed optical communication, combustion diagnosis, laser micromachining and the like.
Soliton cluster pulses have received much attention as an important phenomenon in passive mode-locked fiber lasers. Compared with a single-pulse mode-locked fiber laser, the soliton cluster fiber laser with adjustable internal subpulse repetition frequency and soliton quantity has wider application requirements in the fields of material processing, sensing, interaction of light and substances and the like. Particularly in the field of material processing, for some special materials, when the energy of a single soliton pulse is kept constant, the processing speed can be accurately controlled only by changing the repetition frequency of sub-pulses in the soliton cluster and the number of solitons. At present, the scheme of directly outputting soliton cluster pulses by using a mode-locked fiber laser is common, and researchers have realized soliton cluster pulse output in nonlinear polarization rotation, a nonlinear fiber loop mirror and a real saturable absorber mode-locked fiber laser by accurately regulating and controlling parameters such as gain, birefringence and dispersion in a cavity, but soliton cluster pulses are very sensitive to experimental conditions and external environments, the state of the soliton cluster pulses is very easy to change or be damaged, when the pumping power changes, the number of sub-pulses in the soliton cluster and pulse intervals can change, and therefore the scheme is not beneficial to practical application. Although the seed source is time-domain modulated using an electro-optical modulator or the like, a soliton cluster pulse can be generated. However, the pulse width of the seed source is required to be in nanosecond level, and the fluctuation of the peak power of the seed source can affect the performance of the soliton cluster pulse, so that the application of the scheme in the fields of material processing, optical sensing, optical signal processing and the like is limited.
Therefore, new technologies need to be developed to realize high-energy soliton cluster pulsed light sources to meet the requirements of many modern scientific application fields.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem that high-energy soliton cluster pulse output is difficult to realize in the conventional optical fiber laser, and provides an optical fiber laser system for generating high-energy soliton cluster pulses.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: an optical fiber laser system for generating high-energy soliton cluster pulses comprises a mode-locked optical fiber laser, a first optical fiber circulator, a chirped optical fiber Bragg grating, a Mach-Zehnder modulator, an arbitrary waveform generator, a second optical fiber circulator, a pumping source, a coupler, a first wavelength division multiplexer, a first ytterbium-doped optical fiber, an optical fiber filter, a second wavelength division multiplexer and a second ytterbium-doped optical fiber; the mode-locking fiber laser, the first optical fiber circulator, the Mach-Zehnder modulator, the second optical fiber circulator, the first wavelength division multiplexer, the first ytterbium-doped optical fiber, the optical fiber filter, the second wavelength division multiplexer and the second ytterbium-doped optical fiber are sequentially connected; the front input end and the back input end of the chirped fiber Bragg grating are respectively connected with the first fiber circulator and the second fiber circulator, when a light pulse enters the chirped fiber Bragg grating from the front input end, reflected light of the chirped fiber Bragg grating obtains linear positive chirping, the pulse width is stretched, when the light pulse enters the chirped fiber Bragg grating from the back input end, reflected light of the chirped fiber Bragg grating obtains equal-amount linear negative chirping, and the linear positive chirping of the light pulse at the front input end of the chirped fiber Bragg grating is counteracted; the arbitrary waveform generator is connected with the Mach-Zehnder modulator, and the combination of the arbitrary waveform generator and the Mach-Zehnder modulator is used for applying intensity modulation on the stretched pulse signals; the input end of the coupler is connected with the pumping source, and the output end of the coupler is respectively connected with the first wavelength division multiplexer and the second wavelength division multiplexer; the first ytterbium-doped optical fiber and the second ytterbium-doped optical fiber are respectively used for pre-amplifying and re-amplifying the pulse; the optical fiber filter is used for filtering amplified spontaneous emission noise.
Preferably, the mode-locked fiber laser is a dissipative soliton ytterbium-doped mode-locked fiber laser working in a full positive dispersion region, the time domain shape of an output pulse is Gaussian-shaped, the corresponding spectrum shape is rectangular, and the center wavelength of the output pulse is 1060nm.
Preferably, the chirped fiber bragg grating has a reflection center wavelength of 1060nm, a bandwidth of 3db of 10nm and a reflectivity of 99%, and the chirped fiber bragg grating provides a total dispersion amount of 230ps for the reflected light at the forward input end 2 The total amount of dispersion provided to the reflected light at the rear input is-230 ps 2 。
Preferably, the Mach-Zehnder modulator has an operating wavelength of 1060nm and a modulation bandwidth of 50GHz.
Preferably, the coupler is a 1 × 2 coupler, with an operating wavelength of 980nm.
Preferably, the first wavelength division multiplexer and the second wavelength division multiplexer have the working wavelength of 980nm/1060nm.
Preferably, both the first and second ytterbium-doped fibers have positive dispersion at 1060nm.
Preferably, the fiber filter is a bandpass filter having a center wavelength of 1060nm and a bandwidth of 10nm in 10 dB.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) The devices used in the invention are all commercialized and are easy to purchase, so that the method is easy to implement.
(2) According to the invention, the adjustment of the subpulse repetition frequency and the pulse number in the soliton cluster is respectively realized by adjusting the fundamental frequency and the harmonic number of the output signal of the arbitrary waveform generator, so that the system cost is greatly reduced, and the application range of the system is enhanced.
(3) The invention has the advantages of simple debugging, high stability and the like.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a fiber laser system for generating high-energy soliton cluster pulses according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a time domain shape diagram of the output pulse of the mode-locked fiber laser.
Fig. 3 is a time domain diagram of the output pulse at the second ytterbium-doped fiber 13 when the repetition frequency of the sub-pulse in the soliton cluster is 25GHz and the harmonic number of the output signal of the arbitrary waveform generator is 5.
Fig. 4 is a time domain diagram showing the output pulses at the second ytterbium-doped fiber 13 when the sub-pulse repetition frequency inside the soliton cluster is 50GHz and the harmonic number of the output signal of the arbitrary waveform generator is 7.
Description of the reference numerals: 1-mode-locked fiber laser, 2-first fiber circulator, 3-chirped fiber Bragg grating, 4-Mach-Zehnder modulator, 5-arbitrary waveform generator, 6-second fiber circulator, 7-pumping source, 8-coupler, 9-first wavelength division multiplexer, 10-first ytterbium-doped fiber, 11-fiber filter, 12-second wavelength division multiplexer, 13-second ytterbium-doped fiber, and a, b, c-three ports of fiber circulator.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The invention provides an optical fiber laser system for generating high-energy soliton cluster pulses, which comprises a mode-locked optical fiber laser 1, a first optical fiber circulator 2, a chirped optical fiber Bragg grating 3, a Mach-Zehnder modulator 4, an arbitrary waveform generator 5, a second optical fiber circulator 6, a pumping source 7, a coupler 8, a first wavelength division multiplexer 9, a first ytterbium-doped optical fiber 10, an optical fiber filter 11, a second wavelength division multiplexer 12 and a second ytterbium-doped optical fiber 13, wherein the mode-locked optical fiber laser 1 is provided with a mode-locked optical fiber laser; the mode-locked fiber laser 1, the first optical fiber circulator 2, the Mach-Zehnder modulator 4, the second optical fiber circulator 6, the first wavelength division multiplexer 9, the first ytterbium-doped optical fiber 10, the optical fiber filter 11, the second wavelength division multiplexer 12 and the second ytterbium-doped optical fiber 13 are connected in sequence; the front input end and the back input end of the chirped fiber Bragg grating 3 are respectively connected with the first fiber circulator 2 and the second fiber circulator 6, when light pulses enter the chirped fiber Bragg grating 3 from the front input end, reflected light of the chirped fiber Bragg grating obtains linear positive chirp, the pulse width is stretched, when the light pulses enter the chirped fiber Bragg grating 3 from the back input end, the reflected light of the chirped fiber Bragg grating obtains equal-quantity linear negative chirp, and the linear positive chirp of the light pulses obtained at the front input end of the chirped fiber Bragg grating 3 is counteracted; the arbitrary waveform generator 5 is connected to the mach-zehnder modulator 4, and the combination of the arbitrary waveform generator and the mach-zehnder modulator is used for applying intensity modulation to the stretched pulse signal; the input end of the coupler 8 is connected with the pump source 7, and the output end of the coupler is respectively connected with the first wavelength division multiplexer 9 and the second wavelength division multiplexer 12; the first ytterbium-doped optical fiber 10 and the second ytterbium-doped optical fiber 13 are respectively used for pre-amplifying and re-amplifying the pulse; the optical fiber filter 11 is used for filtering the amplified spontaneous emission noise.
In this embodiment, the mode-locked fiber laser 1 is a dissipative soliton ytterbium-doped mode-locked fiber laser operating in a full positive dispersion region, the time domain shape of the output pulse is gaussian, the corresponding spectrum shape is rectangular, and the center wavelength of the output pulse is 1060nm.
In this embodiment, the chirped fiber bragg grating 3 may be a chirped fiber bragg grating of a PSW-DMR model of Teraxion corporation, and reflect the central wavelength1060nm,3dB bandwidth of 10nm, reflectivity of 99%, and total dispersion amount of the chirped fiber Bragg grating 3 on the forward input end reflected light of 230ps 2 The total amount of dispersion provided to the reflected light at the rear input is-230 ps 2 。
In this embodiment, lithium niobate (LiNbO) available from eosspace may be used as the mach-zehnder modulator 4 3 ) The electro-optical Mach-Zehnder modulator has an operating wavelength of about 1060nm and a modulation bandwidth of 50GHz.
In this embodiment, the arbitrary waveform generator 5 may be AWG manufactured by Rohde & Schwarz corporation, and the output signal frequency is continuously adjustable.
In this embodiment, the first ytterbium-doped fiber 10 and the second ytterbium-doped fiber 13 were gain fibers manufactured by Nufern corporation, and had positive dispersion at 1060nm.
In this embodiment, the center wavelength of the optical fiber filter 11 is 1060nm, and the bandwidth of 10nm is 10 dB.
The physical model and the numerical simulation method related in the invention are as follows:
in order to truly and accurately simulate the generation and evolution process of the soliton cluster pulse in the system, the influence of each device in the system on pulse transmission is fully considered by the adopted physical model, and numerical solution is carried out through a step-by-step Fourier algorithm. When the optical pulse passes through the mach-zehnder modulator controlled by the arbitrary waveform generator 5, the optical field is multiplied by the transmission equation corresponding to the device:
where N is the number of harmonics of the output signal of the arbitrary waveform generator 5, m represents the order of the harmonic signal, and Ω is the fundamental frequency of the signal.
When the light pulse passes through the optical fiber, the transmission characteristics of the pulse in the optical fiber are described by adopting the equation of the Autzberg-Landau:
where u is the pulse amplitude envelope; t and z are time and transmission distance, respectively; i is an imaginary unit; beta is a 2 γ and Ω g Representing fiber dispersion, nonlinear parameter and gain bandwidth, respectively. g is the fiber gain coefficient, g =0 for ordinary single mode fibers.
The specific principle and numerical simulation result of the invention are as follows:
in the optical fiber laser system for generating the high-energy soliton cluster pulse, the optical pulse generated by the mode-locked optical fiber laser 1 passes through the first optical fiber circulator 2 and enters the chirped fiber Bragg grating 3 from the forward input end, the reflected optical pulse is subjected to the action of sufficient positive dispersion effect, the approximate condition of a time far field is met, the pulse is stretched, and the time domain waveform of the pulse has the same intensity envelope as the self spectrum; the stretched optical pulse enters a Mach-Zehnder modulator 4, and a modulation structure (the modulation envelope is similar to the frequency domain envelope of the soliton cluster pulse) appears in the optical pulse time domain envelope; then the modulated light pulse passes through a second optical fiber circulator 6, enters the chirped fiber Bragg grating 3 from a backward input end, the reflected light pulse obtains equal negative dispersion, linear positive chirp (equivalent to inverse Fourier transform) obtained when the pulse is reflected at a forward input end is completely compensated, and at the moment, the pulse output by a port c of the second optical fiber circulator 6 is a soliton cluster pulse; by adjusting the fundamental frequency and the harmonic number of the output signal of the arbitrary waveform generator, the adjustability of the sub-pulse repetition frequency and the pulse number in the soliton cluster can be respectively realized; then, the soliton cluster pulse enters a first-stage amplification system composed of a pumping source 7, a coupler 8, a first wavelength division multiplexer 9, a first ytterbium-doped optical fiber 10 and an optical fiber filter 11 to be pre-amplified and filter amplified spontaneous emission noise; and finally, the soliton cluster pulse enters a second-stage amplification system consisting of a pumping source 7, a coupler 8, a second wavelength division multiplexer 12 and a second ytterbium-doped optical fiber 13 for re-amplification to obtain a high-energy soliton cluster pulse.
The optical fiber laser system for generating the high-energy soliton cluster pulse provided by the invention is subjected to numerical simulation, and the result is as follows:
fig. 2 shows the temporal shape of the output pulse of the mode-locked fiber laser. It can be seen that the temporal shape of the pulse is gaussian.
Fig. 3 is a time domain diagram of the output pulse at the second ytterbium-doped fiber 13 when the repetition frequency of the sub-pulse in the soliton cluster is 25GHz and the harmonic number of the output signal of the arbitrary waveform generator is 5.
Fig. 4 is a time domain diagram of the output pulse at the second ytterbium-doped fiber 13 when the repetition frequency of the sub-pulse in the soliton cluster is 50GHz and the harmonic number of the output signal of the arbitrary waveform generator is 7.
It will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art that the embodiments described herein are intended to assist the reader in understanding the principles of the invention and are to be construed as being without limitation to such specifically recited embodiments and examples. Those skilled in the art can make various other specific changes and combinations based on the teachings of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the invention, and these changes and combinations are within the scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. An optical fiber laser system for generating high-energy soliton cluster pulses is characterized by comprising a mode-locked optical fiber laser (1), a first optical fiber circulator (2), a chirped fiber Bragg grating (3), a Mach-Zehnder modulator (4), an arbitrary waveform generator (5), a second optical fiber circulator (6), a pumping source (7), a coupler (8), a first wavelength division multiplexer (9), a first ytterbium-doped optical fiber (10), an optical fiber filter (11), a second wavelength division multiplexer (12) and a second ytterbium-doped optical fiber (13); the mode locking fiber laser (1), the first optical fiber circulator (2), the Mach-Zehnder modulator (4), the second optical fiber circulator (6), the first wavelength division multiplexer (9), the first ytterbium-doped optical fiber (10), the optical fiber filter (11), the second wavelength division multiplexer (12) and the second ytterbium-doped optical fiber (13) are connected in sequence; the forward input end and the backward input end of the chirped fiber Bragg grating (3) are respectively connected with the first fiber circulator (2) and the second fiber circulator (6), when light pulses enter the chirped fiber Bragg grating (3) from the forward input end, reflected light of the chirped fiber Bragg grating obtains linear positive chirp, the pulse width is stretched, when the light pulses enter the chirped fiber Bragg grating (3) from the backward input end, reflected light of the chirped fiber Bragg grating obtains equal-amount linear negative chirp, and the linear positive chirp obtained by the light pulses at the forward input end of the chirped fiber Bragg grating (3) is counteracted; the arbitrary waveform generator (5) is connected with the Mach-Zehnder modulator (4), and the combination of the arbitrary waveform generator and the Mach-Zehnder modulator is used for applying intensity modulation to the stretched pulse signals; the input end of the coupler (8) is connected with the pumping source (7), and the output end of the coupler is respectively connected with the first wavelength division multiplexer (9) and the second wavelength division multiplexer (12); the first ytterbium-doped optical fiber (10) and the second ytterbium-doped optical fiber (13) are respectively used for pre-amplifying and re-amplifying pulses; the optical fiber filter (11) is used for filtering amplified spontaneous emission noise.
2. A fiber laser system for generating high energy soliton cluster pulses as claimed in claim 1 wherein the mode locked fiber laser (1) is a dissipative soliton ytterbium doped mode locked fiber laser operating in the fully positive dispersion region with output pulses having gaussian temporal shape, corresponding rectangular spectral shape and 1060nm center wavelength.
3. The fiber laser system for generating high-energy soliton cluster pulses as claimed in claim 1, wherein the chirped fiber bragg grating (3) has a center wavelength of reflection of 1060nm, a bandwidth of 3db of 10nm, a reflectivity of 99%, and a total dispersion of 230ps for forward input reflected light provided by the chirped fiber bragg grating (3) 2 The total amount of dispersion provided to the reflected light at the rear input is-230 ps 2 。
4. A fiber laser system for generating high-energy soliton cluster pulses according to claim 1, wherein the mach-zehnder modulator (4) has an operating wavelength of 1060nm and a modulation bandwidth of 50GHz.
5. A fiber laser system for generating high energy soliton cluster pulses according to claim 1, wherein the coupler (8) is a 1 x 2 coupler with a wavelength of 980nm.
6. A fiber laser system for generating high energy soliton cluster pulses according to claim 1 wherein the first wavelength division multiplexer (9) and the second wavelength division multiplexer (12) each operate at 980nm/1060nm.
7. A fiber laser system for generating high energy soliton cluster pulses as claimed in claim 1 wherein said first (10) and second (13) ytterbium doped fibers each have positive dispersion at 1060nm.
8. A fiber laser system for generating high energy soliton cluster pulses as claimed in claim 1 wherein said fiber filter (11) is a band pass filter with a center wavelength of 1060nm and a 10nm bandwidth of 10 db.
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