CN114725677A - Novel wide waveguide feed structure based on variable wavefront - Google Patents
Novel wide waveguide feed structure based on variable wavefront Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
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Abstract
The invention discloses a novel wide waveguide feed structure based on variable wavefront, which is a transmission structure formed by two parallel conductor planes, wherein electromagnetic waves are transmitted between the two conductor planes, and the whole feed network structure is formed by a waveguide array port, an elliptical reflecting surface and a leaky wave slot array radiation area. The whole feed network is connected with the whole system circuit part through a waveguide array port, the phase center of the waveguide port is positioned on one focus of the elliptical reflecting surface, and the phase center of the radiation area is positioned on the other focus of the elliptical reflecting surface. The invention can change the propagation direction and wave front of the feed electromagnetic wave and maintain the relative stability of the phase center. Therefore, when the antenna is used in combination with a slot array, the antenna has the millimeter wave high-frequency-band two-dimensional scanning capability with high integration and high reliability of continuous scanning capability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an antenna and microwave technology, in particular to a novel wide waveguide feed structure based on variable wave front.
Background
In recent years, with the gradual shortage of traditional low-frequency band resources, the development and application of higher frequency bands are urgently needed. The millimeter wave high frequency band, such as an E band, a W band and the like, has the advantages of wider available spectrum range, easier realization of narrow beams, all-weather working capability and good equipment miniaturization potential, and has wide application prospect in the communication and detection fields.
As an important component in millimeter wave high frequency band application, many application scenarios put high demands on the performance of the antenna system, such as gain, miniaturization, directivity, scanning capability, and the like. However, when facing millimeter wave high frequency applications, antenna systems face a number of limitations and challenges in terms of components, processing, and cost. Especially for the application requirements of high-directivity two-dimensional scanning, such as the fields of point-to-point communication, resolution radar and the like, the traditional scheme mostly adopts a wide beam antenna without scanning capability as a unit array, such as a microstrip antenna, a Vivaldi antenna and the like, and realizes phased scanning through two-dimensional multi-channel feeding. However, when the antenna is applied to a millimeter wave high frequency band, the antenna units are spaced very closely to avoid the grating lobe, and the millimeter wave high frequency band has the challenges of high processing precision requirement and large loss, so that the two-dimensional feed has the disadvantages of complex structure, difficult heat dissipation, poor reliability and maintainability, immature technology, high cost and the like, and directly affects the performance, reliability and service life of the antenna system.
The leaky-wave antenna represented by the waveguide slot antenna can obtain one-dimensional frequency scanning capability by adjusting the working frequency. It is known from theory that if the propagation direction of the feed electromagnetic wave is changed to form a certain included angle with the slot, another dimension of scanning capability can be provided. Therefore, how to design the feeding structure for a group of slot arrays can change the wave front and the propagation direction of the feeding electromagnetic wave and maintain the relative stability of the phase center for the characteristics of the leaky-wave antenna, which becomes a technical problem to be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a method capable of changing the propagation direction and wavefront of the feed electromagnetic wave while maintaining the relative stability of the phase center. Therefore, when the antenna is used in combination with a slot array, the antenna has a novel variable wavefront-based wide waveguide feed structure which has the millimeter wave high-frequency band two-dimensional scanning capability with high integration degree and high reliability and continuous scanning capability.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme.
A novel wide waveguide feed structure based on variable wave front comprises a parallel flat waveguide structure, an elliptical reflecting surface, a waveguide port array and a leaky wave radiation array, wherein the waveguide port array and the leaky wave radiation array are located at one focus of the ellipse.
The electromagnetic wave is fed in from the waveguide port array, is reflected by the elliptical reflecting surface, is transmitted to the other focus of the ellipse, and is radiated to a self-service space through the leaky wave radiation array.
By changing the propagation direction of the electromagnetic wave fed in from the waveguide port, the function of changing the wave front and the propagation direction of the electromagnetic wave propagated to the leaky wave radiation array is realized after the electromagnetic wave is reflected by the elliptical reflecting surface.
The beam scanning function is realized by changing the transmission direction of the electromagnetic waves transmitted to the leaky wave radiation array; and the two-dimensional beam scanning function with low cost is realized through fewer ports by combining with the frequency scanning function of the leaky-wave antenna.
The base material adopted based on the parallel flat waveguide structure is a Rogers 3003 substrate with the thickness of 0.508mm, the feed array is a waveguide port array with four ports, the distance between adjacent ports is 1.5mm, and the leaky wave radiation array adopts 13 parallel transverse long slit arrays.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that: the invention can realize the object of variable plane wave front of the electromagnetic wave in a wider parallel flat waveguide by the one-dimensional waveguide array. The structure is combined with the long-slot array antenna, so that the beam two-dimensional scanning function which is usually realized by two-dimensional feeding can be realized, the structure of the two-dimensional scanning antenna array is simplified, and the cost is reduced. Particularly, when the antenna system faces application scenes such as millimeter wave high-frequency band, the allowed antenna unit interval is very small, and the millimeter wave has the challenges of high processing precision requirement and large loss, so the two-dimensional feed full-active array scheme has the disadvantages of complex structure, difficult heat dissipation, poor reliability and maintainability, immature technology, high cost and the like, and the service performance of the antenna system in practical engineering application is directly influenced. This patent is through providing a feed structure that possesses variable wavefront, and the characteristic is swept to the frequency of cooperation leaky-wave antenna, uses less passageway, under the prerequisite that keeps phase place center relatively stable, realizes the two-dimensional scanning function of antenna, is favorable to frivolous, high reliability and the low cost of antenna system.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a feed structure including a leaky-wave antenna according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an electromagnetic wave propagation path of the feeding structure proposed by the present invention under the condition of a phase change of the port array.
FIG. 3 shows a feeding structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention, when the feeding direction θ isfThe simulation results of the field distribution at-20 deg. are shown schematically.
FIG. 4 shows a feeding structure provided in the embodiment of the present invention, when the feeding direction θ isfAnd (3) a field distribution simulation result is shown as a diagram at 0 degrees.
FIG. 5 shows a feeding structure provided in the embodiment of the present invention, when the feeding direction θ isfThe field distribution at 20 ° is shown schematically.
Fig. 6 is a leaky-wave array antenna including a novel feeding structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a simulation result of a scan angle of the leaky-wave array antenna according to the embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure: 1-feed structure substrate 2-waveguide port array 3-elliptical reflecting surface 4-leaky wave radiation array.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the drawings and specific examples.
The invention changes the wave front and the transmission direction of the electromagnetic wave in the two layers of parallel metal plates, thereby realizing the two-dimensional scanning characteristic of the leaky-wave slot array, and the basic principle is as follows.
The method is based on a transmission structure consisting of two parallel conductor planes, between which electromagnetic waves propagate, such as wide waveguides, Substrate Integrated Waveguides (SIW), etc. The whole feed network structure consists of a waveguide array port, an elliptical reflecting surface and a leaky wave slot array radiation area. The whole feed network is connected with the whole system circuit part through a waveguide array port, the phase center of the waveguide port is positioned on one focus of the elliptical reflecting surface, and the phase center of the radiation area is positioned on the other focus of the elliptical reflecting surface. The propagation direction of the electromagnetic wave in front of the two layers of conductors is changed by changing the feeding amplitude and the phase of different ports, so that the position of the electromagnetic wave on the elliptical reflecting surface is changed. According to the reflection law of the ellipse, the electromagnetic wave reflected by the ellipsoid passes through the other focal point of the ellipsoid, namely the phase center of the radiation area, but the propagation direction changes with the difference of the reflection positions on the ellipsoid. The feed structure is matched with the slot array antenna which has one-dimensional frequency scanning capability, and the direction of fed electromagnetic waves is changed to introduce the scanning capability of another dimension, so that the slot array antenna realizes the two-dimensional scanning function.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a feeding structure proposed by the present invention, which is based on a parallel slab waveguide structure 1, and is composed of upper and lower surfaces of metal and a medium layer in between, and electromagnetic waves propagate through the medium layer between the two layers of metal. The structure comprises a group of waveguide port arrays 2, a group of elliptical reflecting surfaces 3 and a leaky wave radiation array 4. The waveguide port array 2 is connected to a feed circuit. The waveguide port array 2 is located near a focus of the elliptical reflecting surface 3, for example, when the waveguide port array 2 works in a radiation state, electromagnetic waves are fed into the feed structure from the waveguide port array 2, and when the amplitude and phase of the feed of each waveguide port of the array are changed, the propagation direction of the electromagnetic waves in the dielectric layer 1 is changed, and meanwhile, the reflecting position on the reflecting surface 3 is changed. The reflecting surface 3 can be realized by a metal structure, a metalized medium surface or a metal through hole array and other process methods. After being reflected by the reflecting surface 3, the electromagnetic wave passes through a leaky wave radiation array 4 which is positioned at the other focal point of the elliptical reflecting surface in different propagation directions and wave fronts, and the electromagnetic energy is radiated to the space through the radiation array. By this group, due to the radiation characteristic of the leaky wave array itself, when the feeding direction of the electromagnetic wave is changed, the radiation direction thereof is also changed. And by combining the one-dimensional frequency scanning characteristic of the leaky-wave array, the whole antenna system has the two-dimensional scanning capability, and the two-dimensional scanning function is realized at low cost only through a small number of feed ports. Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram (top view) of an electromagnetic wave propagation path of the feed structure in the case of a phase change of the port array.
Referring to fig. 3-5, fig. 3-5 show an embodiment of the present invention designed in combination with the above analysis and the corresponding full-wave simulation results for verifying the propagation characteristics of the electromagnetic wave in the dielectric layer. The dielectric substrate adopted in the embodiment is a rocky 3003 substrate with the thickness of 0.254mm, the feed array is a four-port waveguide port array, and the aim of the embodiment is to verify that the retransmission characteristic of electromagnetic waves in the dielectric layer is adjustable, so that the leaky wave radiation array part is omitted in full-wave model simulation. When the feeding amplitudes and phases of the four waveguide ports are equal, the propagation direction of the electromagnetic wave fed into the feeding structure is the normal direction of the plane of the waveguide port, and the electromagnetic wave is reflected by the reflecting surface to propagate to the radiation array at the other focal point of the ellipse at a certain angle, as shown in fig. 4. When the feeding phase is changed, the propagation direction of the electromagnetic wave in the dielectric layer is changed, as shown in fig. 3 and 5, so that the direction of the electromagnetic wave propagating to the radiation array is changed.
Fig. 6 is a complete antenna embodiment containing a leaky wave radiating array and a feed structure, which was simulated to verify the two-dimensional scanning capability of the antenna. In the embodiment, the base material adopted by the antenna is a Rogers 3003 substrate with the thickness of 0.508mm, the feed array is a waveguide port array with four ports, the distance between every two adjacent ports is 1.5mm, and the leaky wave radiation array part adopts a 13-strip parallel transverse long slot array. When the amplitude and the phase of each unit of the feed port are the same, the propagation direction of the electromagnetic wave is the normal direction of the plane of the waveguide port, and after the electromagnetic wave is reflected by the reflecting surface, the propagation direction of the reflected wave is perpendicular to the long slit by designing the direction of the long slit. In the model, a coordinate system is set as a right-hand coordinate system, wherein the origin of the right-hand coordinate system is at the focus position of the ellipse where the radiation array is located, the xOy plane is parallel to the substrate plane, and the x direction is perpendicular to the long slot array and along the propagation direction of the electromagnetic wave. When the feeding amplitudes of the ports are the same and the feeding phase difference of the adjacent ports is +/-41 degrees, the electromagnetic waves entering the feeding structure form an included angle of +/-10 degrees with the normal direction of the ports. In these three cases, the beam pointing angles of the antennas are simulated, and fig. 7 shows the beam pointing angles of different port phases and different frequency points obtained by the simulation. From the results, the antenna structure can realize the two-dimensional scanning function of the beam within a certain range. As the antenna as a whole, the goal of achieving low-cost two-dimensional scanning with only a small number of feed ports is achieved.
The above-mentioned embodiments, objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention are further described in detail, it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are only illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. The novel wide waveguide feed structure based on variable wave front is characterized by comprising a parallel slab waveguide structure, an elliptical reflecting surface, a waveguide port array and a leaky wave radiation array, wherein the waveguide port array and the leaky wave radiation array are positioned at one focus of the ellipse, the parallel slab waveguide structure is composed of upper and lower metal layers and a middle dielectric layer, electromagnetic waves are transmitted in the dielectric layer between the two metal layers, and the phase center of the leaky wave radiation array is positioned at the other focus of the ellipse.
2. The variable wavefront based leaky-wave array antenna feed structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the electromagnetic wave is fed in from the waveguide port array, is reflected by the elliptical reflecting surface, is transmitted to the other focus of the ellipse, and is radiated to a self-service space through the leaky wave radiation array.
3. The variable wavefront based leaky-wave array antenna feed structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein: by changing the propagation direction of the electromagnetic wave fed in from the waveguide port, the function of changing the wave front and the propagation direction of the electromagnetic wave propagated to the leaky wave radiation array is realized after the electromagnetic wave is reflected by the elliptical reflecting surface.
4. The variable wavefront based leaky-wave array antenna feed structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the beam scanning function is realized by changing the transmission direction of the electromagnetic waves transmitted to the leaky wave radiation array; and the two-dimensional beam scanning function with low cost is realized through fewer ports by combining with the frequency scanning function of the leaky-wave antenna.
5. The feed structure of the leaky-wave array antenna based on variable wave fronts as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the base material adopted by the parallel slab waveguide-based structure is a Rogers 3003 substrate with a thickness of 0.508mm, the feed array is a four-port waveguide port array, the distance between adjacent ports is 1.5mm, and the leaky-wave radiation array adopts an array of 13 parallel transverse long slots.
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