CN114725672B - Broadband high-gain antenna applied to installation space limited scene - Google Patents
Broadband high-gain antenna applied to installation space limited scene Download PDFInfo
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- CN114725672B CN114725672B CN202210539221.0A CN202210539221A CN114725672B CN 114725672 B CN114725672 B CN 114725672B CN 202210539221 A CN202210539221 A CN 202210539221A CN 114725672 B CN114725672 B CN 114725672B
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- printed circuit
- circuit board
- metal layer
- layer
- installation space
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
- Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
- Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of antennas, and particularly relates to a broadband high-gain antenna applied to a scene with limited installation space; the antenna comprises: the upper layer printed circuit board and the lower layer printed circuit board are provided with a supporting structure therebetween, so that an air layer is formed between the upper layer printed circuit board and the lower layer printed circuit board; the upper surface of the upper layer printed circuit board is provided with a hexagonal patch metal layer and an arc-shaped metal layer, and the lower surface of the upper layer printed circuit board is provided with a quadrilateral patch metal layer; the coaxial probe penetrates through the upper layer printed circuit board, the inner conductor of the coaxial probe is connected with one end of the arc-shaped metal layer, and the outer conductor of the coaxial probe is connected with the quadrangular patch metal layer; the other end of the arc-shaped metal layer is connected with the hexagonal patch metal layer; the lower surface of the lower printed circuit board is provided with a bottom metal layer which is overlapped with the lower printed circuit board; the invention has wider impedance bandwidth, high gain and good front-to-back ratio, and can be applied to systems requiring broadband high-gain antenna detection and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of antennas, and particularly relates to a broadband high-gain antenna applied to a scene with limited installation space.
Background
For some special application scenarios, such as microwave detection scenarios, the spatial location of the rf front-end antenna left by the system is limited due to the small volume of the detection instrument system. However, the microwave detection system has high requirements on the performance of the antenna, and the antenna is required to have good impedance bandwidth, high gain and small size. In order to avoid the influence of the antenna on the back-end circuit, the antenna is required to have a good front-to-back ratio.
Most of the existing antennas are microstrip patch antennas, and broadband characteristics are realized by adopting a traditional bandwidth expansion method. However, microstrip patch antennas have the following drawbacks:
1. the bandwidth is narrow, and the gain is low;
2. the need to form an array to achieve high gain results in a larger antenna size;
3. and a parasitic patch and other methods are required to be introduced, so that the structure is complex and the cost is high.
In view of the foregoing, there is a need for a wideband high-gain antenna that can be applied to installation space-limited scenarios such as detection of wideband high-gain antennas.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects existing in the prior art, the invention provides a broadband high-gain antenna applied to a scene with limited installation space, which comprises the following steps: a supporting structure (3) is arranged between the upper layer printed circuit board (1) and the lower layer printed circuit board (2), and an air layer is formed between the upper layer printed circuit board (1) and the lower layer printed circuit board (2) through the supporting structure (3); the upper surface of the upper layer printed circuit board is provided with a hexagonal patch metal layer (11) and an arc-shaped metal layer (12), and the lower surface of the upper layer printed circuit board is provided with a quadrilateral patch metal layer (14); the coaxial probe (13) passes through the upper layer printed circuit board, the inner conductor of the coaxial probe is connected with one end of the arc-shaped metal layer (12), and the outer conductor of the coaxial probe is connected with the quadrilateral patch metal layer (14); the other end of the arc-shaped metal layer (12) is connected with the hexagonal patch metal layer (11); the lower surface of the lower printed circuit board (2) is provided with a bottom surface metal layer (21), and the bottom surface metal layer (21) is overlapped with the lower printed circuit board (2).
Preferably, the upper printed circuit board (1) and the lower printed circuit board (2) are circular or rectangular.
Further, the centers of the upper layer printed circuit board (1) and the lower layer printed circuit board (2) are provided with through holes.
Preferably, the area of the upper printed circuit board (1) is smaller than the area of the lower printed circuit board (2).
Preferably, the material of the upper layer printed circuit board (1) and the lower layer printed circuit board (2) is FR4 with dielectric constant of 4.4.
Further, the support structure (3) is a plastic screw.
Preferably, one side of the quadrangular patch metal layer (14) is overlapped with the edge of the upper annular printed circuit board (1).
Further, the quadrangular patch metal layer (14) adopts a defected ground structure for realizing the broadband characteristic of the antenna.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the broadband high-gain antenna designed by the invention is applied to the installation space limited scene, adopts structures such as a quadrilateral patch, a hexagonal patch, an arc feeder line and the like of a defective area, so that the broadband high-gain antenna has wider impedance bandwidth, high gain and good front-to-back ratio, has small volume, and can be applied to systems such as detection and the like which need the broadband high-gain antenna under the installation space limited scene; meanwhile, the invention is realized by adopting the printed circuit board technology, and has the advantages of simple structure, low cost, easy processing and high practicability.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a top view of a wideband high gain antenna of the present invention applied to installation space limited scenarios;
fig. 2 is a side view of a wideband high gain antenna of the present invention applied to installation space constrained scenarios;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the voltage standing wave ratio of a loop antenna according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention as a function of operating frequency;
fig. 4 is a diagram of a loop antenna according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention at an operating frequency of 4.3 GHz;
FIG. 5 is a diagram of a loop antenna according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention at an operating frequency of 5.0 GHz;
fig. 6 is a graph showing gain versus operating frequency for a loop antenna according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
in the figure: 1. an upper layer printed circuit board; 11. a hexagonal patch metal layer; 12. an arc-shaped metal layer; 13. a coaxial probe; 14. a quadrangular patch metal layer; 2. a lower layer printed circuit board; 21. a bottom metal layer; 3. and a support structure.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The invention provides a broadband high-gain antenna applied to an installation space limited scene, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the antenna comprises:
a support structure 3 is arranged between the upper layer printed circuit board 1 and the lower layer printed circuit board 2, and an air layer is formed between the upper layer printed circuit board 1 and the lower layer printed circuit board 2 through the support structure 3; the upper surface of the upper layer printed circuit board is provided with a hexagonal patch metal layer 11 and an arc-shaped metal layer 12, and the lower surface of the upper layer printed circuit board is provided with a quadrilateral patch metal layer 14; the coaxial probe 13 passes through the upper layer printed circuit board, and the coaxial probe inner conductor is connected with one end of the arc-shaped metal layer 12, and the coaxial probe outer conductor is connected with the quadrilateral patch metal layer 14; the other end of the arc-shaped metal layer 12 is connected with the hexagonal patch metal layer 11; the lower surface of the lower printed circuit board 2 is provided with a bottom metal layer 21, and the bottom metal layer 21 overlaps the lower printed circuit board 2.
The hexagonal patch metal layer and the arc metal layer on the upper surface of the upper printed circuit board are used as radiators, one end of the arc metal layer on the upper surface of the upper printed circuit board is directly and electrically connected with the coaxial probe inner conductor, and the other end of the arc metal layer is connected with the hexagonal patch metal layer; the hexagonal patch metal layer and the arc-shaped metal layer radiate electromagnetic energy fed by the coaxial probe to the space, so that a wide working frequency band can be obtained.
The lower layer printed circuit board is used as a reflector, so that the gain of the antenna can be improved, and a good front-to-back ratio is realized; meanwhile, the lower printed circuit board can increase the equivalent dielectric constant of the antenna system, thereby reducing the antenna profile.
The air layer is positioned between the upper annular printed circuit board and the lower annular printed circuit board, and can be a space without materials or a plastic foam board with a relative dielectric constant close to 1; the air layer can improve antenna matching, achieve broadband characteristics, and can also improve antenna gain.
Preferably, the upper and lower printed circuit boards 1 and 2 are circular or rectangular.
Further, the centers of the upper layer printed circuit board 1 and the lower layer printed circuit board 2 are provided with through holes; preferably, the size of the through holes of the upper layer printed circuit board and the lower layer printed circuit board is the same; the through hole structure arranged in the center can reserve more space for the radio frequency system at the front end.
Preferably, the area of the upper printed circuit board 1 is smaller than the area of the lower printed circuit board 2.
Preferably, the material of the upper and lower printed circuit boards 1 and 2 is FR4 having a dielectric constant of 4.4.
Further, the support structure 3 is a plastic screw; the upper layer printed circuit board and the lower layer printed circuit board are fixed by plastic screws, and compared with a metal fixing material, the plastic screw fixing device can reduce the influence on an antenna.
Preferably, one side of the quadrangular patch metal layer 14 coincides with the edge of the upper circular ring-shaped printed circuit board 1.
Further, the quadrangular patch metal layer 14 adopts a defected ground structure for realizing the broadband characteristic of the antenna; the quadrilateral patch metal layer is used as a grounding plate, and adopts a defective ground structure, so that the broadband characteristic of the antenna can be realized.
In some preferred embodiments, the upper and lower printed circuit boards are of a circular ring structure, and the inner circular rings of the upper and lower printed circuit boards are the same in size; the upper layer printed circuit board and the lower layer printed circuit board are made of FR4 with dielectric constant of 4.4; the inner radius of the upper layer printed circuit board is 4.0-5.0mm, the outer radius is 18.0-22.0mm, and the thickness is 1.8-2.2mm; the inner radius of the lower layer printed circuit board is 4.0-5.0mm, the outer radius is 25.0-35.0mm, and the thickness is 1.8-2.2mm; the side lengths of the hexagonal patch metal layers are respectively 11.8-12.2mm, 3.9-4.1mm, 4.1-4.3mm, 5.9-6.1mm, 4.1-4.3mm and 3.9-4.1mm; the inner radius of the arc-shaped metal layer is 11.5-12.5mm, and the outer radius is 13.5-14.5mm; one side of the quadrangular patch metal layer is arc and coincides with the edge of the lower layer printed circuit board, and the side lengths of the other three sides are 13.8-14.4mm,11.7-12.3mm and 13.8-14.4mm respectively; the bottom metal layer is a ring overlapped with the lower layer printed circuit board, the inner radius is 4.0-5.0mm, and the outer radius is 25.0-35.0mm; the air layer is positioned between the upper layer printed circuit board and the lower layer printed circuit board, and the thickness is 6.0-8.0mm.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the upper and lower printed circuit boards of the wideband high gain antenna applied to the installation space limited scene are in a circular ring structure, and the specific dimensions of the antenna are as follows:
the inner radius of the upper layer printed circuit board is 4.5mm, the outer radius is 20.0mm, and the thickness is 2.0mm; the inner radius of the lower layer printed circuit board is 4.5mm, the outer radius is 30mm, and the thickness is 2.0mm; the side lengths of the hexagonal patch metal layers are respectively 12.0mm, 4.0mm, 4.2mm, 6.0mm, 4.2mm and 4.0mm; the inner radius of the arc-shaped metal layer is 12.0mm, and the outer radius is 14.0mm; the three sides of the quadrangular patch metal layer, which are not overlapped with the edge of the lower printed circuit board, have the side lengths of 14.1mm,12.0mm and 14.1mm respectively; the inner radius of the bottom metal layer is 4.5mm, and the outer radius is 30.0mm; the air layer thickness was 7mm.
The invention has good performance, as shown in figure 3, the working frequency band of the broadband high-gain antenna applied to the installation space limited scene is 3.85GHz-6.19GHz, the relative bandwidth reaches 46.6%, and the broadband characteristic is realized; as shown in fig. 4 and 5, the maximum gains of the invention at 4.3GHz and 5.0GHz are respectively 9.5dBi and 9.3dBi, the front-to-back ratio is respectively 17.8dB and 24.3dB, the gain is high, and the front-to-back ratio is good; as shown in fig. 6, the present invention has a stable gain in the operating band, and the antenna has a gain of 7.91dBi to 9.93dBi in the operating band.
The broadband high-gain antenna applied to the installation space limited scene is realized by adopting the patch antenna, so that the processing cost is low and the mass production is easy; the relative bandwidth of the invention reaches 46.6%, the gain of the antenna in the working frequency band is 7.91-9.93dBi, the invention has the advantages of broadband impedance matching, the antenna structure is simple, the gain is high, the front-back ratio is good, the invention can be applied to systems requiring broadband high-gain antenna detection, and the like, and the practicability is high.
In the present invention, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "disposed," "connected," and the like are to be construed broadly, and may be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed, for example; can be mechanically or electrically connected; either directly or indirectly through intermediaries, or in communication with each other or in interaction with each other, unless explicitly defined otherwise, the meaning of the terms described above in this application will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art in view of the specific circumstances.
While the foregoing is directed to embodiments, aspects and advantages of the present invention, other and further details of the invention may be had by the foregoing description, it will be understood that the foregoing embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, and that any changes, substitutions, alterations, etc. which may be made herein without departing from the spirit and principles of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. A broadband high gain antenna for use in installation space constrained scenarios, comprising: a supporting structure (3) is arranged between the upper layer printed circuit board (1) and the lower layer printed circuit board (2), and an air layer is formed between the upper layer printed circuit board (1) and the lower layer printed circuit board (2) through the supporting structure (3); the upper surface of the upper layer printed circuit board is provided with a hexagonal patch metal layer (11) and an arc-shaped metal layer (12), and the lower surface of the upper layer printed circuit board is provided with a quadrilateral patch metal layer (14); the coaxial probe (13) passes through the upper layer printed circuit board, the inner conductor of the coaxial probe is connected with one end of the arc-shaped metal layer (12), and the outer conductor of the coaxial probe is connected with the quadrilateral patch metal layer (14); the other end of the arc-shaped metal layer (12) is connected with the hexagonal patch metal layer (11); the lower surface of the lower printed circuit board (2) is provided with a bottom surface metal layer (21), and the bottom surface metal layer (21) is overlapped with the lower printed circuit board (2).
2. A broadband high gain antenna for installation space limited scenarios according to claim 1, characterized in that the upper printed circuit board (1) and the lower printed circuit board (2) are circular or rectangular.
3. Broadband high-gain antenna applied to installation space-limited scenarios according to claim 2, characterized in that the centers of the upper printed circuit board (1) and the lower printed circuit board (2) are provided with through holes.
4. A broadband high gain antenna for installation space constrained scenarios according to claim 1, characterized in that the area of the upper printed circuit board (1) is smaller than the area of the lower printed circuit board (2).
5. A broadband high gain antenna for installation space constrained scenarios according to claim 1, characterized in that the material of the upper printed circuit board (1) and the lower printed circuit board (2) is FR4 with a dielectric constant of 4.4.
6. A broadband high gain antenna for application in installation space constrained scenarios according to claim 1, characterized in that the support structure (3) is a plastic screw.
7. A broadband high gain antenna for installation space limited scenarios according to claim 1, characterized in that one side of the quadrangular patch metal layer (14) coincides with the edge of the annular upper printed circuit board (1).
8. A wideband high gain antenna for application in installation space limited scenarios according to claim 7, characterized in that the quadrangular patch metal layer (14) adopts a defected ground structure for realizing the antenna wideband characteristics.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210539221.0A CN114725672B (en) | 2022-05-18 | 2022-05-18 | Broadband high-gain antenna applied to installation space limited scene |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210539221.0A CN114725672B (en) | 2022-05-18 | 2022-05-18 | Broadband high-gain antenna applied to installation space limited scene |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN114725672A CN114725672A (en) | 2022-07-08 |
| CN114725672B true CN114725672B (en) | 2023-07-25 |
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| CN202210539221.0A Active CN114725672B (en) | 2022-05-18 | 2022-05-18 | Broadband high-gain antenna applied to installation space limited scene |
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2022
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