CN114725658A - Slow wave medium integrated filter antenna fused with defect structure and design method thereof - Google Patents
Slow wave medium integrated filter antenna fused with defect structure and design method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of filter antennas, in particular to a slow wave medium integrated filter antenna fused with a defect structure and a design method thereof, wherein the method comprises the following steps: cascading the full-mode dielectric integrated waveguide filter cavity and the half-mode dielectric integrated waveguide radiation cavity, and widening one side of the half-mode dielectric integrated waveguide radiation cavity, which is far away from the full-mode dielectric integrated waveguide filter cavity, so as to form a widened area of the half-mode dielectric integrated waveguide radiation cavity; and etching a plurality of slow wave structures with set shapes on the lower surface metal layers of the widened areas of the full-mode dielectric integrated waveguide filter cavity, the half-mode dielectric integrated waveguide radiation cavity and the half-mode dielectric integrated waveguide radiation cavity, and etching the defected ground structures with set numbers and set shapes on the upper surface metal layers of the full-mode dielectric integrated waveguide filter cavity and the half-mode dielectric integrated waveguide radiation cavity to form a slow wave dielectric integrated filter antenna, optimizing the slow wave dielectric integrated filter antenna, and completing the design of the slow wave dielectric integrated filter antenna.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of filter antennas, in particular to a slow wave medium integrated filter antenna fused with a defect structure and a design method thereof.
Background
Filters and antennas are important components of communication rf front-ends, and their miniaturization, high performance and integration have become a hot research spot in recent years. At present, scholars at home and abroad integrate devices with filtering and radiating functions into a microwave device by adopting different methods to form a filtering antenna. At present, the dielectric integrated waveguide has been widely applied to the filtering antenna because of the advantages of the microstrip and the traditional metal waveguide structure, but the following disadvantages still exist: 1. the working bandwidth of the filter antenna is small due to poor impedance matching performance of transmission and radiation of electromagnetic waves in the dielectric integrated waveguide cavity; 2. the current distribution characteristic of the upper surface of the dielectric integrated waveguide cavity is poor, so that the size of the filter antenna is large; 3. impedance matching among the half-mode dielectric integrated waveguide, the dielectric epitaxial region and the air is poor, so that the dielectric radiation region of electromagnetic waves is small, and the radiation efficiency and the gain performance of the filter antenna are affected. In order to overcome the problems, a slow wave medium integrated filter antenna with a fused defect structure and a design method thereof are researched.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a slow wave medium integrated filter antenna fused with a defect structure and a design method thereof, which are used for solving the technical problems.
The embodiment of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a slow wave medium integrated filter antenna fused with a defect structure comprises a medium integrated waveguide rectangular substrate, wherein the medium integrated waveguide rectangular substrate is composed of a full-mode medium integrated waveguide filter cavity and a half-mode medium integrated waveguide radiation cavity, the full-mode medium integrated waveguide filter cavity is cascaded with the half-mode medium integrated waveguide radiation cavity, and the full-mode medium integrated waveguide filter cavity and the half-mode medium integrated waveguide radiation cavity are both composed of a medium substrate and metal layers on the upper surface and the lower surface;
widening one side of the half-mode dielectric integrated waveguide radiation cavity, which is far away from the full-mode dielectric integrated waveguide filter cavity, to form a widened area of the half-mode dielectric integrated waveguide radiation cavity, wherein the widened area of the half-mode dielectric integrated waveguide radiation cavity consists of a dielectric substrate and a metal layer on the lower surface;
the metal layers on the upper surfaces of the full-mode dielectric integrated waveguide filter cavity and the half-mode dielectric integrated waveguide radiation cavity are etched with defected ground structures with set number and set shape;
and a plurality of slow wave structures with set shapes are etched on the lower surface metal layers of the widened areas of the full-mode dielectric integrated waveguide filtering cavity, the half-mode dielectric integrated waveguide radiation cavity and the half-mode dielectric integrated waveguide radiation cavity.
Optionally, the slow-wave structure with the set shape is specifically a hollow-out circular ring cross slow-wave structure.
Optionally, two corners of one side of the widened area of the half-mold dielectric integrated waveguide radiation cavity, which is far away from the half-mold dielectric integrated waveguide radiation cavity, are both arc-shaped.
Optionally, the upper surface metal layer of the full-mode dielectric integrated waveguide filtering cavity has four defected ground structures with set shapes, and the upper surface metal layer of the half-mode dielectric integrated waveguide radiating cavity has two defected ground structures with set shapes etched thereon.
Optionally, the shapes of the defected ground structures of the metal layers on the upper surfaces of the full-mode dielectric integrated waveguide filtering cavity and the half-mode dielectric integrated waveguide radiating cavity are both folded L-shapes.
Optionally, an input end of the dielectric integrated waveguide rectangular substrate is specifically a trapezoidal microstrip transition structure and is connected to a 50 Ω microstrip line, where the input end of the dielectric integrated waveguide rectangular substrate is located on a side of the full-mode dielectric integrated waveguide filter cavity away from the half-mode dielectric integrated waveguide radiation cavity.
Optionally, a discontinuous array of metallized through hole openings is processed on both a side of the full-mode dielectric integrated waveguide filter cavity away from the half-mode dielectric integrated waveguide radiation cavity and a cascade connection joint of the full-mode dielectric integrated waveguide filter cavity and the half-mode dielectric integrated waveguide radiation cavity.
Optionally, a double slot line coupling window is disposed at a cascaded connection of the full-mode dielectric integrated waveguide filter cavity and the half-mode dielectric integrated waveguide radiation cavity.
Optionally, the full-mode dielectric integrated waveguide filter cavity and the half-mode dielectric integrated waveguide radiation cavity are both processed with a metalized through hole array in a penetrating manner.
A design method of a slow wave medium integrated filter antenna fused with a defect structure applied to any one of the above items comprises the following steps:
cascading a full-mode dielectric integrated waveguide filter cavity and a half-mode dielectric integrated waveguide radiation cavity, and widening one side of the half-mode dielectric integrated waveguide radiation cavity, which is far away from the full-mode dielectric integrated waveguide filter cavity, to form a widened area of the half-mode dielectric integrated waveguide radiation cavity, wherein the widened area consists of a dielectric substrate and a metal layer on the lower surface, and the full-mode dielectric integrated waveguide filter cavity and the half-mode dielectric integrated waveguide radiation cavity consist of the dielectric substrate and the metal layers on the upper and lower surfaces;
etching a plurality of slow wave structures with set shapes on the lower surface metal layers of the widened areas of the full-mode dielectric integrated waveguide filter cavity, the half-mode dielectric integrated waveguide radiation cavity and the half-mode dielectric integrated waveguide radiation cavity, etching the defect ground structures with set numbers and set shapes on the upper surface metal layers of the full-mode dielectric integrated waveguide filter cavity and the half-mode dielectric integrated waveguide radiation cavity to form a slow wave dielectric integrated filter antenna, optimizing a microstrip transition structure and a double-slot line coupling window on the slow wave dielectric integrated filter antenna to finish the design of the slow wave dielectric integrated filter antenna, wherein the upper surface metal layers of the full-mode dielectric integrated waveguide filter cavity have four folded L-shaped defect ground structures, the upper surface metal layer of the half-mode dielectric integrated waveguide radiation cavity is etched with two folded L-shaped defect ground structures, and the input end of the slow wave dielectric integrated filter antenna is specifically of a trapezoidal microstrip transition structure, and is connected with a 50 omega microstrip line.
The technical scheme of the embodiment of the invention at least has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
(1) the invention has reasonable design and simple structure, and a plurality of folding L-shaped defected ground structures are etched on the full-mode medium integrated waveguide cavity and the half-mode medium integrated waveguide cavity of the filter antenna, so that the upper surface current distribution characteristic of the medium integrated waveguide cavity can be effectively changed, the surface current path is increased, the product of equivalent permeability and equivalent dielectric constant in the medium integrated waveguide cavity is further increased, the electromagnetic wave resonance frequency in the medium integrated waveguide cavity is reduced, the slow wave resonance effect is realized, and the miniaturization of the size of the filter antenna is further realized;
(2) the hollow-out circular ring cross slow wave structure is etched on the metal layer on the lower bottom surface of the filter antenna, so that the circuit distribution characteristic of the lower bottom surface and the electromagnetic wave distribution characteristic inside the dielectric integrated waveguide cavity can be changed, the cascade impedance matching characteristic among feeder line impedance, electromagnetic wave impedance and air impedance is improved, and the working bandwidth of the filter antenna is effectively expanded;
(3) the size of the medium extension area at the front end of the half-mode medium integrated waveguide of the filter antenna is widened, so that the impedance matching between the medium extension area and the air can be improved, and the radiation efficiency and the gain of the filter antenna are improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a slow-wave dielectric integrated filter antenna with a fused defect structure according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic lower surface view of a slow-wave dielectric integrated filter antenna with a fused defect structure according to the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic top surface view of a slow-wave dielectric integrated filter antenna with a fused defect structure according to the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic flow chart of a design method of a slow-wave dielectric integrated filter antenna with a fused defect structure according to the present invention;
fig. 5 is a directional diagram of the E plane (a) and H plane (b) radiation fields of the filter antenna with the center frequency point of 8.7 GHz;
FIG. 6 is a graph illustrating the distribution of the echo and the maximum gain of the filtering antenna according to the present invention;
reference numerals are as follows: 1. a ground metal layer; 2. a 50 Ω microstrip asymptote; 3. metallizing the through-hole; 4. folding the structure of the L-shaped defected ground; 5. a transverse narrow groove at the joint between the two cavities; 6. a dielectric epitaxial radiation region; 7. a dielectric substrate; 8. an upper surface metal layer; 9. and the slow wave structure of the filtering antenna.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. The components of embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides one of the embodiments: the utility model provides a fuse defect structure's slow wave medium integrated filter antenna, wherein, fuse defect structure's slow wave medium integrated filter antenna specifically for fuse defect structure's slow wave medium integrated panorama wireless communication filter antenna, includes:
dielectric integrated waveguide rectangular substrate: the substrate comprises a dielectric substrate and metal copper layers on the upper surface and the lower surface of the dielectric substrate.
The input end of the rectangular substrate is of a trapezoidal microstrip transition structure and is connected with a 50 omega microstrip line.
And processing a metalized through hole array on the overlapped area of the upper surface metal and the lower surface metal on the two transverse sides of the rectangular substrate and the medium substrate in the middle part by adopting a standard printed circuit board process, wherein the metalized through holes are designed to penetrate through the upper surface metal and the lower surface metal and the medium substrate, processing a discontinuous array of openings of the metalized through holes at the input end in the longitudinal direction and the cascaded connection part of the two cavities, and widening the prolonged radiation medium substrate and chamfering the same side.
In the design, the dielectric substrates are Taconic TLX-6, the relative dielectric constant is 2.65, the dielectric loss tangent is 0.0022, the thickness is 1.016mm, the surface metal is copper, and the thickness is 0.035 mm.
As shown in fig. 2, the hollow-out type circular ring cross slow wave structure: a plurality of hollow circular ring cross slow wave structures are etched on the lower bottom metal surface of the filter antenna, the width of a metal strip in the structure is 0.2mm, and the side length of a single grid is 0.62 mm. The metal width of the metal ring is 0.2mm, and the outer diameter is 1.0 mm.
The structure can improve the ground current distribution and electromagnetic field distribution characteristics of the medium integrated waveguide cavity, and improve the impedance matching characteristics, thereby effectively widening the working bandwidth.
The cascaded connection part of the full-mode dielectric integrated waveguide filtering cavity and the half-mode dielectric integrated waveguide radiation cavity is optimized to be provided with a double-slot line coupling window, and the double-slot line can optimize the coupling strength between the full-mode filtering cavity and the half-mode radiation cavity, so that the antenna efficiency is improved, and the transmission power loss is reduced.
Broadening of a medium epitaxial region: the extension medium area on the radiation side of the half-mode dielectric integrated waveguide resonant cavity is widened, so that the impedance matching among the half-mode dielectric integrated waveguide cavity, the extension medium area and air is changed, the medium radiation area of electromagnetic waves is enlarged, and the radiation efficiency and the gain of the filter antenna are improved.
As shown in fig. 3, the folded "L" shape defected ground structure: four folded L-shaped defected ground structures are etched in the dielectric integrated waveguide cavity, and two folded L-shaped defected ground structures are etched in the half-mode dielectric integrated waveguide radiation cavity, so that the current distribution characteristic of the upper surface of the dielectric integrated waveguide cavity can be effectively changed, the surface current path is increased, the product of equivalent magnetic permeability and equivalent dielectric constant in the dielectric integrated waveguide cavity is increased, the electromagnetic wave resonance frequency in the dielectric integrated waveguide cavity is reduced, the slow wave resonance effect is realized, and the miniaturization of the size of the filter antenna is realized.
The invention provides a folded L-shaped defected ground structure for etching an upper metal layer, and by introducing the structure, the current distribution characteristic of the upper surface of a dielectric integrated waveguide cavity can be effectively changed, a surface current path is increased, the product of equivalent magnetic conductivity and equivalent dielectric constant in the dielectric integrated waveguide cavity is further increased, the electromagnetic wave resonance frequency in the dielectric integrated waveguide cavity is reduced, the slow wave resonance effect is realized, and the miniaturization of the size of a filter antenna is further realized. The size and the shape of the structural unit are easy to control, the processing is convenient, and the practical engineering application is facilitated.
The feeder impedance characteristic of the filter antenna is inconsistent with the wave impedance and air impedance characteristic of electromagnetic waves, and the feeder impedance and the wave impedance characteristic are closely related to the working frequency, so that the working bandwidth of the antenna is limited. Aiming at the problem, the hollow-out circular ring cross slow wave structure is etched on the lower bottom plate of the filter antenna, so that the current distribution characteristic of the lower bottom surface of the dielectric integrated waveguide cavity and the electromagnetic field distribution characteristic inside the dielectric integrated waveguide cavity can be effectively changed, the cascade impedance matching characteristic among feeder line impedance, electromagnetic wave impedance and air impedance is improved, and the working bandwidth is effectively widened.
In addition, the invention expands the size of the medium extension area of the half-mode medium integrated waveguide cavity, further improves the impedance matching between the medium extension area and the air, increases the medium radiation area of electromagnetic waves and further improves the radiation efficiency and gain of the filter antenna.
As shown in fig. 4, the present invention further provides another embodiment: a design method of a slow wave medium integrated filter antenna fused with a defect structure comprises the following steps:
the full-mode dielectric integrated waveguide filter cavity and the half-mode dielectric integrated waveguide radiation cavity are cascaded, electromagnetic wave radiation is carried out through an epitaxial dielectric region of the half-mode dielectric integrated waveguide radiation cavity, the extended epitaxial region is widened, the direct impedance matching characteristic of the dielectric epitaxial region and air is improved, the dielectric radiation region of the electromagnetic wave is enlarged, and the radiation efficiency and the gain of the filter antenna are improved;
then introducing a folding L-shaped defected ground structure, increasing the path of surface current of the medium integrated waveguide cavity, improving equivalent magnetic conductivity and equivalent dielectric constant, reducing the electromagnetic wave resonance frequency in the medium integrated waveguide cavity, and realizing the slow wave resonance effect and the size miniaturization of the filter antenna;
furthermore, a grid metal unit slow wave structure is introduced into the lower bottom surface of the medium integrated waveguide cavity, so that impedance matching among the half-mode medium integrated waveguide cavity, the epitaxial medium region and air is improved, and the working bandwidth is effectively expanded.
In combination with the two embodiments provided by the invention, in order to verify the performance of the slow wave medium integrated panoramic wireless communication filter antenna fused with the defective structure, the invention simulates the structure of the provided filter antenna, and the simulation result is as follows:
as shown in fig. 5, specifically, the E plane (a) and H plane (b) radiation field patterns of the filter antenna at the central frequency point of 8.7GHz, it can be seen from the figure that the antenna has good edge-emitting radiation characteristics. It can be seen that the co-polarized radiation gains at the H-plane and E-plane are 6.5dBi and 6.54dBi, respectively, and the cross-polarization level is 10dB and 35dB lower than the co-polarization level, respectively.
As shown in fig. 6, the echo and maximum gain of the filter antenna are plotted against the frequency: two transmission zeros generated by cascading the two resonant cavities finally enable the filter antenna to generate two radiation zeros at 7.9GHz and 9.4GHz, so that the selectivity of the filter antenna is remarkably improved. From the gain curve, it can be observed that the sideband of the filtering antenna has a steep drop similar to that of the filter, the frequency selectivity is obviously better than that of the common antenna, the maximum gain is 6.54dBi, and the gain in the passband is relatively flat. The bottom surface current distribution and the internal electromagnetic field distribution characteristics of the dielectric integrated waveguide cavity are changed by loading the hollowed-out annular cross structure on the bottom surface metal, the cascade impedance matching performance among feeder line impedance, electromagnetic wave impedance and air impedance is improved, the working bandwidth is effectively expanded, the working frequency band of the antenna is 8.5 Hz-8.9 GHz, the resonance center frequency point is 8.7GHz, -10dB bandwidth is 380MHz, and the relative bandwidth is 4.6%. Compared with the filter antenna without the bottom hollow-out circular ring cross structure, the relative working bandwidth of the filter antenna at the same frequency is only 3.8%.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes will occur to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A slow wave medium integrated filter antenna fused with a defect structure is characterized by comprising a medium integrated waveguide rectangular substrate, wherein the medium integrated waveguide rectangular substrate is composed of a full-mode medium integrated waveguide filter cavity and a half-mode medium integrated waveguide radiation cavity, the full-mode medium integrated waveguide filter cavity is cascaded with the half-mode medium integrated waveguide radiation cavity, and the full-mode medium integrated waveguide filter cavity and the half-mode medium integrated waveguide radiation cavity are both composed of a medium substrate and metal layers on the upper surface and the lower surface;
widening one side of the half-mode dielectric integrated waveguide radiation cavity, which is far away from the full-mode dielectric integrated waveguide filter cavity, to form a widened area of the half-mode dielectric integrated waveguide radiation cavity, wherein the widened area of the half-mode dielectric integrated waveguide radiation cavity consists of a dielectric substrate and a metal layer on the lower surface;
the metal layers on the upper surfaces of the full-mode dielectric integrated waveguide filter cavity and the half-mode dielectric integrated waveguide radiation cavity are etched with defected ground structures with set number and set shape;
and a plurality of slow wave structures with set shapes are etched on the lower surface metal layers of the widened areas of the full-mode dielectric integrated waveguide filtering cavity, the half-mode dielectric integrated waveguide radiation cavity and the half-mode dielectric integrated waveguide radiation cavity.
2. The slow-wave dielectric integrated filter antenna fused with the defect structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the slow-wave structure with a predetermined shape is a hollow circular ring cross slow-wave structure.
3. The slow-wave dielectric integrated filter antenna with the fused defect structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein two corners of the widened region of the half-mode dielectric integrated waveguide radiation cavity away from the half-mode dielectric integrated waveguide radiation cavity are both arc-shaped.
4. The slow wave dielectric integrated filter antenna with the fused defect structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the upper surface metal layer of the full mode dielectric integrated waveguide filter cavity has four defected ground structures with set shapes, and the upper surface metal layer of the half mode dielectric integrated waveguide radiation cavity has two defected ground structures with set shapes etched therein.
5. The slow-wave dielectric integrated filter antenna with the fused defect structure as claimed in claim 4, wherein the defect ground structure shapes of the metal layer on the upper surface of the full-mode dielectric integrated waveguide filter cavity and the half-mode dielectric integrated waveguide radiation cavity are both folded L-shapes.
6. The slow-wave dielectric integrated filter antenna with the fused defect structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the input end of the dielectric integrated waveguide rectangular substrate is a trapezoidal microstrip transition structure and is connected to a 50 Ω microstrip line, and the input end of the dielectric integrated waveguide rectangular substrate is located on a side of the full-mode dielectric integrated waveguide filter cavity away from the half-mode dielectric integrated waveguide radiation cavity.
7. The slow wave dielectric integrated filter antenna with the fused defect structure as claimed in claim 6, wherein the side of the full mode dielectric integrated waveguide filter cavity away from the half mode dielectric integrated waveguide radiation cavity and the cascaded junction of the full mode dielectric integrated waveguide filter cavity and the half mode dielectric integrated waveguide radiation cavity are both processed with a discontinuous array of metallized through hole openings, and the cascaded junction of the full mode dielectric integrated waveguide filter cavity and the half mode dielectric integrated waveguide radiation cavity is provided with a double slot line coupling window.
8. The slow wave dielectric integrated filter antenna with the fused defect structure as claimed in claim 7, wherein the full mode dielectric integrated waveguide filter cavity and the half mode dielectric integrated waveguide radiating cavity are both processed with a metalized through hole array.
9. A design method of a slow wave medium integrated filter antenna fused with a defect structure is applied to any one of claims 1 to 8, and is characterized by comprising the following steps:
cascading a full-mode dielectric integrated waveguide filter cavity and a half-mode dielectric integrated waveguide radiation cavity, and widening one side of the half-mode dielectric integrated waveguide radiation cavity, which is far away from the full-mode dielectric integrated waveguide filter cavity, to form a widened area of the half-mode dielectric integrated waveguide radiation cavity, wherein the widened area consists of a dielectric substrate and a metal layer on the lower surface, and the full-mode dielectric integrated waveguide filter cavity and the half-mode dielectric integrated waveguide radiation cavity consist of the dielectric substrate and the metal layers on the upper and lower surfaces;
etching a plurality of slow wave structures with set shapes on the lower surface metal layers of the widened areas of the full-mode dielectric integrated waveguide filter cavity, the half-mode dielectric integrated waveguide radiation cavity and the half-mode dielectric integrated waveguide radiation cavity, etching the defect ground structures with set numbers and set shapes on the upper surface metal layers of the full-mode dielectric integrated waveguide filter cavity and the half-mode dielectric integrated waveguide radiation cavity to form a slow wave dielectric integrated filter antenna, optimizing a microstrip transition structure and a double-slot line coupling window on the slow wave dielectric integrated filter antenna to finish the design of the slow wave dielectric integrated filter antenna, wherein the upper surface metal layers of the full-mode dielectric integrated waveguide filter cavity have four folded L-shaped defect ground structures, the upper surface metal layer of the half-mode dielectric integrated waveguide radiation cavity is etched with two folded L-shaped defect ground structures, and the input end of the slow wave dielectric integrated filter antenna is specifically of a trapezoidal microstrip transition structure, and is connected with a 50 omega microstrip line.
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