CN114720547A - Method for rapidly delineating low-temperature hydrothermal type Ag-Au deposit hydrothermal mineralization center - Google Patents
Method for rapidly delineating low-temperature hydrothermal type Ag-Au deposit hydrothermal mineralization center Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for rapidly delineating a shallow low-temperature hydrothermal type Ag-Au deposit hydrothermal mineralization center, which comprises the following steps: and delineating the hydrothermal mineralization center by using the content characteristic value of the trace elements of the green cord stone in the collected bedrock sample. The method has the advantages of short testing time, low cost, convenience and rapidness, can effectively shorten the mineral exploration period, can greatly improve the accuracy of the ore area scale hydrothermal mineralization central delineation, reduces the exploration risk and improves the ore finding efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of mineral exploration methods, in particular to the technical field of exploration of hydrothermal mineralization centers by utilizing characteristic mineral trace elements.
Background
Hydrothermal deposit is a useful mineral deposit formed by filling and substituting an ore-containing aqueous solution under certain physicochemical conditions in various favorable structures and rocks. Hydrothermal deposits are the most complex and most diverse deposit types of various deposits, can be formed through hydrothermal activities of different compositions and different sources under different geological background conditions, and have important significance in the exploration of hydrothermal deposits by delineating mineralization centers of hydrothermal deposits.
The traditional method for delineating hydrothermal mineralization centers often has the following defects: the comprehensive research of a large-scale alteration mapping and system is carried out in the early stage of the exploration and evaluation, the period is long, the cost is high, the accuracy rate is low, the workload is large, and the urgent requirements of the rapid exploration and evaluation of the size of a mining area cannot be met.
On the other hand, during the formation of magmatic hydrothermal deposits, metallic elements precipitated from the hydrothermal fluid are entrained in the invaded body or in the surrounding rock around the invaded body, so that there is usually a large erosion halo around the center of the deposit, in which halo both the mineral composition and the elemental composition may exhibit some zonation. Green cord is one of the characteristic minerals in the pan-litholitic zone of the porphyry system, is very widely distributed, usually in the form of alternating calcium-containing minerals (such as plagioclase feldspar, amphibole) or in the form of vein bodies, and in the porphyry deposit, green cord veins are mainly produced on the outer side of the quartz mesh vein zone, so that a fine map of the spatial distribution of the green cord veins and their alteration intensity can be used to indicate the center of the porphyry system.
At present, researches on trace elements of the green cord stone in the aspect of prospecting and evaluating are mostly based on a porphyry type copper-gold ore deposit, and the application of the trace elements in a shallow low-temperature hydrothermal type Ag-Au ore deposit is not developed.
The porphyry type ore deposit is a medium-high temperature hydrothermal ore deposit, the mineralization temperature is more than 300 ℃, the porphyry type ore deposit can be divided into a potash belt, a sericite-tridymite and a bedrock corrosion change belt from inside to outside, and green cord stones are distributed in the bedrock corrosion belt. The shallow low-temperature hydrothermal deposit is a medium-low-temperature hydrothermal deposit, the mineralization temperature is lower than 200 ℃, the alteration zone is single, and the green cord stones are distributed in the alteration rock cap. The shallow low-temperature hydrothermal deposit shows different mineralizing physicochemical conditions from the porphyry deposit, and the existing application mode of the mackerite trace elements in the porphyry deposit is not suitable for the shallow low-temperature hydrothermal deposit.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a novel method for delineating a low-temperature hydrothermal Ag-Au ore deposit hydrothermal mineralization center aiming at the defects in the prior art, which takes a green cord stone trace element as a quantitative characteristic index, can rapidly and accurately delineate the hydrothermal mineralization center in an ore deposit, and realizes the organic combination of mineral geochemistry and target delineation.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the method for rapidly delineating shallow low-temperature hydrothermal type Ag-Au deposit hydrothermal mineralization center comprises the following steps: and defining the hydrothermal mineralization center by using the content characteristic value of the trace elements of the green cord stone in the collected bedrock sample.
According to some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the content characteristic values of the trace elements include: the green curtain stone contains one or more of Zn element, Sr element, B element and V element.
According to some preferred embodiments of the invention, the method comprises: when the content characteristic value meets one or more of the following conditions, the corresponding sampling range is considered to be close to the hydrothermal mineralization center: the content of Zn element is 8-12ppm, the content of Sr element is 4500-5500ppm, the content of B element is 300-500ppm, and the content of V element is 200-300 ppm.
According to some preferred embodiments of the invention, the method further comprises: when the content characteristic value meets one or more of the following conditions, the corresponding sampling range is determined to be far away from the hydrothermal mineralization center: the content of Zn element is 40-60ppm, the content of Sr element is about 500-1000ppm, the content of B element is 10-50ppm, and the content of V element is 50-150 ppm.
According to some preferred embodiments of the invention, the content characteristic values are obtained by in situ micro-area elemental analysis of laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.
According to some preferred embodiments of the invention, the method comprises in particular:
the system collects the existing geological, geophysical prospecting, chemical prospecting and remote sensing data in the mining area, comprehensively analyzes the mineralization potential, defines the alteration range, equally divides the alteration area of the ore deposit into a plurality of sampling units, and the area of each sampling unit is 1.5-2.5 km2;
Collecting a bedrock sample containing the green cord stones within the delineated alteration range according to a sampling unit, wherein the sampling density is 1-2/km2And recording the sampling coordinate data and lithology, alteration and mineralization characteristics of each sample;
observing microscopic characteristics of the bedrock sample, recording the alteration type and chemical composition analysis data of the green cord stone, and further selecting the development part of the green cord stone as a detection micro-area to carry out laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrum in-situ micro-area element analysis;
and (3) carrying out data processing on the obtained analysis data, respectively drawing a content characteristic value bubble diagram of the trace elements Zn, Sr, B and V according to lithology type, alteration type and ore-containing or ore-free type, and delineating the position of the hydrothermal mineralization center according to the spatial distribution condition of the bubble diagram.
According to some preferred embodiments of the invention, the chemical composition analysis is achieved by electron probe composition analysis.
According to some preferred embodiments of the invention, the data processing comprises:
obtaining corresponding micro-area element integral curves according to micro-area element analysis data of the chlorite in the bedrock samples obtained at each collection point;
and according to abnormal peaks in the obtained element integral curve, eliminating invalid data of the micro-area element analysis data to obtain processed data.
According to some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the abnormal peak comprises Ti, Pb, Zr, Zn, Fe element abnormal peak formed by hitting the inclusion in the laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, and/or Mg, Na element abnormal peak formed by hitting green cord stone mineral in the laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.
According to some preferred embodiments of the invention, the method further comprises:
in the obtained bubble diagram of the Zn element, the coordinate of the chlorite sample with the lowest Zn element content is used as a first circle for centering, and the radius of 400-600m is used as a delineation radius for delineating a first prediction mineralization center;
in the obtained Sr element bubble diagram, coordinates of a chlorite sample with the highest Sr element content are used as a second delineation center, and a radius of 400-600m is used as a delineation radius to delineate a second prediction mineralization center;
in the obtained bubble diagram of the B element, the coordinate of the chlorite sample with the highest content of the B element is taken as a third delineation center, and the radius of 400-600m is taken as a delineation radius to delineate a third predicted mineralization center;
in the obtained bubble diagram of the V element, the coordinate of the chlorite sample with the highest content of the V element is used as a fourth delineation center, and the radius of 400-600m is used as a delineation radius to delineate a fourth predicted mineralization center.
And marking the first to fourth predicted mineralization centers in the same coordinate system, and delineating the mineralization centers of the shallow low-temperature hydrothermal type Ag-Au ore deposit by the formed boundaries.
The method has the advantages of short testing time, low cost, convenience and rapidness, can effectively shorten the mineral exploration period, can greatly improve the accuracy of the ore area scale hydrothermal mineralization central delineation, reduces the exploration risk, improves the ore finding efficiency, and has important popularization and application values.
In some specific embodiments, the invention can utilize an advanced LA-ICP-MS in-situ analysis technology to improve the description of the altered mineral lanolite in the magma-hydrothermal mineralization system from macroscopic qualitative to microscopic quantitative explanation of the trace element change therein, and link the trace element change with the response of the hydrothermal mineralization center in the mining area scale, thereby overcoming the difficulties of low efficiency, long period and high cost of the traditional hydrothermal mineralization center delineation method.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the relationship between the content of various trace elements in LbL and the distance from the center of mineralization.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of laser in-situ target analysis and test of green curbstone.
Fig. 3 is a schematic illustration of a modified zone of an ore deposit.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating the determination of hydrothermal mineralization center based on the change law of the Zn element content of the agalmatolite.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a hydrothermal mineralization center determined based on the law of change of the Sr element content of the green cord stone.
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a hydrothermal mineralization center delineated and predicted based on the B element content change law of LbL.
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the determination of hydrothermal mineralization center based on the rule of change of the V element content of the green cord stone.
FIG. 8 is a schematic illustration of delineation of shallow to low temperature hydrothermal Ag-Au mineralization centers based on predicted mineralization centers.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in detail below with reference to the following embodiments and the attached drawings, but it should be understood that the embodiments and the attached drawings are only used for the illustrative description of the present invention and do not limit the protection scope of the present invention in any way. All reasonable variations and combinations that fall within the spirit of the invention are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
According to the technical scheme of the invention, the specific method for rapidly delineating the shallow low-temperature hydrothermal Ag-Au deposit hydrothermal mineralization center comprises the following steps:
(1) mining area data collection and comprehensive analysis
The system collects the existing geological, geophysical prospecting, chemical prospecting and remote sensing data in the mining area, comprehensively analyzes the mineralization potential, defines the alteration range, and equally divides the alteration area of the ore deposit into a plurality of sampling units.
Referring to fig. 3, in this step, the mineralization alteration area is divided into a plurality of sampling units, such as small squares in the figure, each small square represents a sampling unit; the area of the sampling unit is 1.5-2.5 km2(ii) a By the method, the sampling uniformity can be improved, and a foundation is laid for accurate delineation of a subsequent shallow low-temperature hydrothermal type Ag-Au ore deposit mineralization center.
Exemplarily, in the present embodiment, the sampling units are 1.5km × 1.5km small squares, i.e. each sampling unit has an area of 2.25km2。
It will be appreciated that the area of a particular sampling unit may be adjusted according to the needs of the user.
(2) Boulder sample Collection
And collecting bedrock samples containing green cord stones according to the divided sampling cells in the screened alteration range, positioning each sampling point by adopting a positioning system, collecting coordinate data, taking a field picture, making a detailed field record for each observation point, describing lithology, alteration and mineralization characteristics of each sample, and providing a basis for the subsequent projection analysis of the obtained data according to lithology types, alteration types, ore containing or ore free.
In this step, the sampling density in the sampling unit is 1-2/km2And the coordinates of the green curtain stone sample are marked by adopting GPS positioning.
(3) Analysis and test of trace elements in sample
Grinding the collected bedrock sample into a probe sheet and a laser in-situ target, observing the corresponding eclipse alteration characteristics under a microscope, and recording the eclipse alteration types (including pulse or dip-dyed shapes and the like) in detail; the purpose of recording the pulse-shaped or dip-shaped alteration types can provide a basis for bubble mapping of the obtained data alteration types later, and the reliability of data comparison is ensured in consideration of the hydrothermal effect of different types of alterations from different stages.
Then carrying out component analysis by an electronic probe, further determining the chemical components and types of the green curtain stone, marking, selecting the components determined by the electronic probe to carry out laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICPMS) in-situ micro-area element analysis on the green curtain stone mineral, wherein the analyzed data comprises: zn, Sr, B and V.
(4) Data processing and interpretation
Processing the initial recording data obtained in the step (3) by using LADRlib software, wherein the processing comprises the following steps: firstly, data import, namely importing the recorded data in the csv format obtained from each green curtain stone sample in-situ micro-area test point into LADRlib software in batch; interpreting data to obtain a micro-area element integral curve of the sample of each observation point, and adjusting the starting time and the ending time of the integral curve of each observation point one by one according to the principle of ensuring the flattest and widest signal range of the selected element integral curve; thirdly, screening data, namely removing invalid data in the abnormal peaks according to the element integral curve, such as data of hitting inclusion (abnormal peaks of elements Ti, Pb, Zr, Zn and Fe) or hitting green curtain stone minerals (abnormal peaks of elements Mg and Na); and fourthly, exporting the data, wherein the interpreted and screened data of each single-point micro area are summarized and exported in batch to be a file in the csv format.
(5) Delineation of hydrothermal mineralization center
According to the processing data, the bubble images of Zn, Sr, B and V elements are respectively drawn according to lithology type, alteration type, ore-containing type or ore-free type.
Referring to fig. 4 to 7, in this step, bubble maps corresponding to Zn, Sr, B and V elements are respectively plotted by Origin software with the coordinates of the chlorite sample as the abscissa and ordinate of the bubble map and the bubble size as the content of trace elements in the chlorite sample; wherein the size of the bubbles represents the content of the trace elements in the sample; and the horizontal and vertical coordinate values corresponding to the centers of the bubbles are the coordinates of the chlorite sample.
According to the content change rule of the trace elements, referring to the attached figure 1, the predicted mineralization centers are respectively defined in the bubble diagram, wherein the indexes of the elements of the mineralization centers are as follows:
near the hydrothermal mineralization center: the content of Zn element is 8-12ppm, the content of Sr element is 4500-5500ppm, the content of B element is 300-500ppm, and the content of V element is 200-300 ppm. Namely: the Sr, B and V elements of the green tyre stone have the tendency of gradually rising near the hydrothermal mineralization center; the Zn element has a tendency to gradually decrease.
Away from the hydrothermal mineralization center: the content of Zn element is 40-60ppm, the content of Sr element is about 500-1000ppm, the content of B element is 10-50ppm, and the content of V element is 50-150 ppm. Namely: far away from the hydrothermal mineralization center, the Sr, B and V elements of the green tyre cord have the tendency of gradually decreasing; the Zn element has a tendency to gradually increase.
Further, the predicted mineralization centers are respectively delineated in the bubble map as follows:
in a bubble diagram of Zn element, the coordinate of the green curtain stone sample with the lowest Zn element content is used as a delineation center, and the radius of 500m is used as a delineation radius to delineate the prediction mineralization center;
in the Sr element bubble diagram, the coordinates of the green curtain stone sample with the highest Sr element content are used as a delineation center, and the radius of 500m is used as a delineation radius to delineate the predicted mineralization center;
in a B element bubble diagram, the coordinates of the green curtain stone sample with the highest B element content are used as a delineation center, and the radius of 500m is used as a delineation radius to delineate the predicted mineralization center;
in the bubble diagram of the V element, the coordinate of the green curtain stone sample with the highest content of the V element is taken as a delineation center, and the predicted mineralization center is delineated by taking a radius of 500m as a delineation radius.
The radius of the circle can also be adjusted according to the needs of the user.
Finally, marking the predicted mineralization centers defined according to the content change rule of Zn, Sr, B and V elements in the same coordinate system, and defining the mineralization centers of the shallow low-temperature hydrothermal type Ag-Au ore beds by the boundaries in the predicted mineralization, namely the areas corresponding to the rectangular frames in the graph 8; and finishing the delineation of the mineralization center of the shallow low-temperature hydrothermal type Ag-Au ore deposit.
Example 1
The invention is implemented by taking a certain Ag-Au deposit as an example, and the process comprises the following steps:
a. the system collects the existing geological, geophysical prospecting, chemical prospecting and remote sensing data in the area, comprehensively analyzes the mineralization potential, and defines the alteration range of about 20km2The alteration range is divided into a number of sampling cells according to a grid spacing of 1.5km x 1.5 km.
b. Collecting field samples:
and collecting a surface green curtain stone sample in the sampling unit cells divided in the ground alteration range. During sampling, sample number, lithology, alteration, mineralization information were recorded in real detail, and coordinate information (X and Y) was recorded using GPS, as shown in table 1:
TABLE 1
Sampling number | X | Y | Lithology | Alteration of hand specimen | Mineralization of minerals |
c09083 | 528782 | 3266177 | Granite spangle | Quartz-curtain stone vein | Mineralization of pyrite |
C05124 | 526158 | 3265683 | Granite spangle | Vein of green curtain stone | Mineralization of pyrite |
1809 | 523778 | 3267120 | Granite spangle | Lumpy green curtain stone | Is free of |
… | … | … | … | … | … |
c. And (3) testing a sample:
grinding a probe sheet and a laser in-situ target of an acquired sample, observing the corresponding eclipse alteration characteristic under a microscope, recording the eclipse alteration type in detail, carrying out electronic probe component analysis, further determining the chemical components and types of the eclipse, marking by using a marker pen, and selecting an eclipse mineral to carry out laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICPMS) in-situ micro-area element analysis, wherein the example is shown in figure 2, and the in-situ analysis data is shown in table 2.
d. Data processing: and (3) carrying out data processing by using LADRlib software, wherein the data processing comprises three steps of data import, data interpretation and data screening.
e. Delineating the hydrothermal fluid mineralization center
Processing the final data by Origin to draw a Zn, Sr, B and V element bubble diagram, wherein the Zn element is the lowestThe value, the maximum value of Sr element, the maximum value of B element and the maximum value of V element are taken as circle centers, and 500m is taken as a radius to circle the hydrothermal mineralization center predicted by each element. Marking the mineralization centers predicted by the four elements in the same coordinate system, and delineating the position of the mineralization center of the shallow low-temperature hydrothermal Ag-Au deposit by the boundary of the predicted mineralization centers as shown in FIG. 8, wherein the position is 2km in the middle of the range of the altered zone2And the investigation range is obviously reduced.
The drilling verification proves that the process obtains good ore searching effect.
TABLE 2
The above examples are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited to the above examples. All technical schemes belonging to the idea of the invention belong to the protection scope of the invention. It should be noted that modifications and embellishments within the scope of the invention may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the principle of the invention, and such modifications and embellishments should also be considered as within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The method for rapidly delineating the low-temperature hydrothermal type Ag-Au deposit hydrothermal mineralization center is characterized by comprising the following steps of: and defining the hydrothermal mineralization center by using the content characteristic value of the trace elements of the green cord stone in the collected bedrock sample.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the content characteristic value of the trace element comprises: the green curtain stone contains one or more of Zn element, Sr element, B element and V element.
3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that it comprises: when the content characteristic value meets one or more of the following conditions, the corresponding sampling range is considered to be close to the hydrothermal mineralization center: the content of Zn element is 8-12ppm, the content of Sr element is 4500-5500ppm, the content of B element is 300-500ppm, and the content of V element is 200-300 ppm.
4. The method of claim 3, further comprising: when the content characteristic value meets one or more of the following conditions, the corresponding sampling range is determined to be far away from the hydrothermal mineralization center: the content of Zn element is 40-60ppm, the content of Sr element is about 500-1000ppm, the content of B element is 10-50ppm, and the content of V element is 50-150 ppm.
5. The method of any one of claims 1-4, wherein the content characteristic values are obtained by in situ micro-zone elemental analysis of laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.
6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises in particular:
the system collects the existing geological, geophysical prospecting, chemical prospecting and remote sensing data in the mining area, comprehensively analyzes the mineralization potential, defines the alteration range, equally divides the alteration area of the ore deposit into a plurality of sampling units, and the area of each sampling unit is 1.5-2.5 km2;
Collecting a bedrock sample containing the green cord stones within the delineated alteration range according to a sampling unit, wherein the sampling density is 1-2/km2And recording the sampling coordinate data and lithology, alteration and mineralization characteristics of each sample;
observing microscopic characteristics of the bedrock sample, recording the alteration type and chemical composition analysis data of the green cord stone, and further selecting the development part of the green cord stone as a detection micro-area to perform laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry in-situ micro-area element analysis;
and (3) carrying out data processing on the obtained analysis data, respectively drawing a content characteristic value bubble diagram of the trace elements Zn, Sr, B and V according to lithology type, alteration type and ore-containing or ore-free type, and delineating the position of the hydrothermal mineralization center according to the spatial distribution condition of the bubble diagram.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the chemical composition analysis is achieved by electron probe composition analysis.
8. The method of claim 6, wherein the data processing comprises:
obtaining corresponding micro-area element integral curves according to micro-area element analysis data of the chlorite in the bedrock samples obtained at each collection point;
and according to abnormal peaks in the obtained element integral curve, eliminating invalid data of the micro-area element analysis data to obtain processed data.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the abnormal peaks include abnormal peaks of Ti, Pb, Zr, Zn and Fe elements formed by penetrating inclusions in the laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, and/or abnormal peaks of Mg and Na elements formed by penetrating green cord stone minerals in the laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.
10. The method according to any one of claims 6-8, further comprising:
in the obtained bubble diagram of the Zn element, the coordinate of the chlorite sample with the lowest Zn element content is used as a first circle for centering, and the radius of 400-600m is used as a delineation radius for delineating a first prediction mineralization center;
in the obtained Sr element bubble diagram, coordinates of a chlorite sample with the highest Sr element content are used as a second delineation center, and a radius of 400-600m is used as a delineation radius to delineate a second prediction mineralization center;
in the obtained bubble diagram of the B element, the coordinate of the chlorite sample with the highest content of the B element is taken as a third delineation center, and the radius of 400-600m is taken as a delineation radius to delineate a third predicted mineralization center;
in the obtained bubble diagram of the V element, the coordinate of the chlorite sample with the highest content of the V element is used as a fourth delineation center, and the radius of 400-600m is used as a delineation radius to delineate a fourth predicted mineralization center.
And marking the first to fourth predicted mineralization centers in the same coordinate system, and delineating the mineralization centers of the shallow low-temperature hydrothermal type Ag-Au ore deposit by the formed boundaries.
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Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN115128247A (en) * | 2022-07-07 | 2022-09-30 | 西藏华夏矿业有限公司 | Novel method for distinguishing prospecting type based on chlorite indication element change |
US20230317440A1 (en) * | 2022-03-18 | 2023-10-05 | Tibet Julong Copper Co., Ltd. | Method for discriminating ore prospecting types based on compositional change of epidote |
CN117572522A (en) * | 2023-11-16 | 2024-02-20 | 中国科学院广州地球化学研究所 | Method for exploring side or deep part of hydrothermal deposit |
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Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US20230317440A1 (en) * | 2022-03-18 | 2023-10-05 | Tibet Julong Copper Co., Ltd. | Method for discriminating ore prospecting types based on compositional change of epidote |
CN115128247A (en) * | 2022-07-07 | 2022-09-30 | 西藏华夏矿业有限公司 | Novel method for distinguishing prospecting type based on chlorite indication element change |
CN115128247B (en) * | 2022-07-07 | 2024-01-05 | 西藏华夏矿业有限公司 | Novel method for distinguishing type of prospecting based on change of chlorite indication element |
CN117572522A (en) * | 2023-11-16 | 2024-02-20 | 中国科学院广州地球化学研究所 | Method for exploring side or deep part of hydrothermal deposit |
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