CN114719694A - Tunnel section hole distribution structure close to existing shield zone and blasting method - Google Patents
Tunnel section hole distribution structure close to existing shield zone and blasting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114719694A CN114719694A CN202210264883.1A CN202210264883A CN114719694A CN 114719694 A CN114719694 A CN 114719694A CN 202210264883 A CN202210264883 A CN 202210264883A CN 114719694 A CN114719694 A CN 114719694A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
- F42D1/08—Tamping methods; Methods for loading boreholes with explosives; Apparatus therefor
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D3/00—Particular applications of blasting techniques
- F42D3/04—Particular applications of blasting techniques for rock blasting
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/20—Hydro energy
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- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)
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Abstract
A tunnel section hole distribution structure and a blasting method close to an existing shield interval relate to the field of construction blasting and comprise a pilot tunnel I, a pilot tunnel II, a pilot tunnel III, a pilot tunnel IV, a pilot tunnel V, a pilot tunnel VI and a pilot tunnel VIII, wherein blasting holes drilled towards a tunnel face are uniformly distributed in each pilot tunnel, a slotted hole, an expanded slotted hole, an auxiliary hole, a peripheral hole and a vibration reduction hole are distributed in the pilot tunnel I, auxiliary holes, peripheral holes and vibration reduction holes are distributed in the pilot tunnel III, and auxiliary holes and peripheral holes are distributed in the rest pilot tunnels; the blasting method comprises blasting and excavating one part of the pilot tunnel in a slotted hole mode; and blasting and excavating the second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth pilot tunnels in sequence. The damping hole is additionally arranged, and the bottom plate of the right pilot tunnel and the peripheral holes of the middle partition wall exceed the design contour line by 200mm, so that a certain blank surface is provided for subsequent blasting, the blasting scheme is optimized, and the excavation safety is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of construction blasting, in particular to a tunnel section hole distribution structure close to an existing shield interval and a blasting method thereof.
Background
In the excavation construction process of traffic tunnels and mine roadways, in order to improve the blasting efficiency, the loading amount of a cut part is increased to achieve a good blasting effect. The method is commonly used, such as a mining method and the like, but if the distance between the tunnels of the left line and the right line on a plane is close, the blasting excavation of the tunnel by the mining method has certain influence on the existing shield zone of the left line. In the excavation process, a plurality of difficulties still exist, for example, weathering of a right-line large-section underground excavation rock stratum is uneven, blasting construction needs to be adopted for all pilot tunnels, blasting construction needs to be adopted for local pilot tunnels, a left-line shield is communicated at the beginning of right-line tunnel entering, and the problem of blasting construction of an existing shield interval tunnel close to the very close range exists. If the large-section underground excavation adopts the CD method for construction, most tunnel rock layers are strongly weathered gravel, local vault is completely weathered gravel, the underground is abundant, the vault has the block falling phenomenon in the excavation process, and the safety risk is high.
Chinese patent CN112964143A discloses a three-time blasting method for hollow hole straight cut. Excavating a pilot tunnel on one side of a central line of a tunneling section and towards a direction of a working face unprotected target, wherein the pilot tunnel divides the tunneling section into an advanced pilot tunnel area and a main explosion area, the advanced pilot tunnel area is divided into two times of explosions, and then the main explosion area is subjected to a third time of explosions; the footage of the third blasting is equal to the footage of the first blasting in the advanced pilot tunnel area, and after one blasting cycle, a reserved pilot tunnel is formed in the new tunneling section, so that the second blasting cycle can be started according to the normal cycle footage blasting, the situation that rock slag covers the bottom of the main blasting area after the first cycle pilot tunnel blasting does not occur, and a quicker mode is provided for blasting implementation of all sections.
Chinese patent discloses a full-section smooth blasting construction method of a high-altitude small-section long steep slope tunnel, the construction method is based on the tunnel construction principle of 'drilling and blasting method + new Austrian method', takes a short pilot tunnel cut blasting technology and a millisecond differential control blasting technology as cores, and carries out comprehensive and systematic optimization design and technical improvement on the aspects of tunnel advanced geological pre-exploration and forecast technology, advanced pre-support technology, blasting parameter design and blasthole distribution design, detonating system network, blasthole charging structure and charging technology, post-explosion ventilation risk elimination, post-explosion slag tapping, post-explosion support and the like, the problems that the tunnel operation space is limited, the steep slope causes over-excavation in blasting, the slag transportation efficiency after blasting is low, the safety risk is high, the oxygen content in the tunnel at high altitude is too low, the blasting tunneling speed is slow and the like in the tunnel with the high altitude, the small section and the long steep slope tunnel are solved.
The Chinese patent provides a construction method for a tunnel with ultra-small clear distance, which comprises the following steps: step 1: excavating a large section of the tunnel, reserving surrounding rocks on two sides of a pilot tunnel in the step without excavating, suspending tunnel face excavation construction, and excavating a middle pilot tunnel after an inverted arch of a variable section of the double-track tunnel follows to 8-12m of a tunnel face; step 2: excavating a middle pilot tunnel by adopting a full-section method, after the middle pilot tunnel is excavated to 38m, pouring concrete of a middle partition wall C30 in sections, wherein the length of each section is 4-5 m; and step 3: excavating a left tunnel main tunnel after the construction of the intermediate wall is finished, and constructing by adopting a three-step method; and 4, step 4: and (3) excavating the left main tunnel and performing the right tunnel main tunnel after the primary support is finished for 40m, wherein the excavation is performed by adopting a three-step method, and the arch part is provided with a phi 42 small conduit for advance pre-support.
However, the above-mentioned retrieved patents still have the problem of poor safety of tunnel blasting construction during short-distance construction.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides a hole distribution structure of a tunnel section close to an existing shield interval and a blasting method thereof.
In order to realize the purpose of the invention, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a tunnel section hole distribution structure close to an existing shield interval is characterized by comprising a first pilot tunnel, a second pilot tunnel, a third pilot tunnel and a fourth pilot tunnel, wherein one side surface of the first pilot tunnel is provided with the second pilot tunnel, and the other side surface of the first pilot tunnel is provided with the third pilot tunnel; a fourth pilot hole is arranged on the other side surface of the second pilot hole, and a third pilot hole is arranged on one side surface of the fourth pilot hole; the first pilot hole comprises a first pilot hole part and a second pilot hole part, the second pilot hole comprises a third pilot hole part and a fourth pilot hole part, the third pilot hole comprises a fifth pilot hole part and a sixth pilot hole part, and the fourth pilot hole comprises a seventh pilot hole part and an eighth pilot hole part;
at least one cut hole is formed in the first pilot hole, and at least one auxiliary hole is formed in the first pilot hole, the second pilot hole, the third pilot hole and the fourth pilot hole; the peripheral holes are arranged on the outer sides of the first pilot hole, the second pilot hole, the third pilot hole and the fourth pilot hole.
Furthermore, cut holes are formed in one part of each guide hole, the distance between every two adjacent cut holes is 450-700 mm, the row spacing between every two adjacent cut holes is 600mm, auxiliary holes are formed in the second guide hole, the distance between every two adjacent auxiliary holes is 700-1000 mm, and the row spacing is 600-800 mm.
Further, the hole spacing between adjacent peripheral holes is 400mm-600mm, and the minimum resistance line is 400mm-600 mm.
Furthermore, the cut holes and the auxiliary holes adopt reverse coupling continuous charging, and the peripheral holes adopt forward non-coupling spaced charging.
A blasting method of a tunnel section hole distribution structure close to an existing shield zone comprises the following steps:
step S1: blasting and excavating one part of the pilot tunnel by adopting a slotted hole mode, wherein the slotted hole adopts four-hole slotted holes, four-hole expanded slots are arranged below the center of the one part of the pilot tunnel, the spacing between the slotted holes is 700mm, the row spacing of the holes is 600mm, four expanded holes are arranged, two sides of each expanded hole are respectively arranged, the spacing between the two sides of each expanded hole and the slotted hole is 450mm, the row spacing of the holes is 600mm, the hole depth is 400mm deeper than the designed excavation depth, and wedge-shaped or rhombus slotted hole distribution is adopted; auxiliary holes are arranged in a manner of taking the cut hole as the center and being parallel to the temporary middle partition wall or the tunnel outline, the hole spacing is 700mm, the hole row spacing is 600mm, the peripheral holes on the right side are arranged in a manner of being tightly attached to the tunnel outline, the hole spacing is 450mm, the peripheral holes on the left side are arranged in a manner of being parallel to the temporary middle partition wall and exceeding the temporary middle partition wall by at least 150mm, a blank facing surface is created for five parts of the pilot tunnel after blasting, bottom holes are arranged approximately horizontally, the hole spacing is 900mm, and a blank facing surface is created for two parts of the pilot tunnel after blasting; the depths of the auxiliary holes, the peripheral holes and the bottom holes are 200mm deeper than the depth of the tunnel design excavation ruler. And all the holes are detonated by adopting electronic detonators, and the single hole is single-ringing.
Step S2: blasting the second part of the pilot tunnel, the horizontal plane that forms after blasting (excavation) of the first part of the pilot tunnel is for facing the empty face and spreading the hole and blasting, the parallel empty face cloth hole of auxiliary hole, hole row spacing 600mm, hole interval 700mm, at least 150mm below the lower row of auxiliary hole surpasss the interim inverted arch line, arrange one row of auxiliary hole and one row of all ring edge reason hole along the tunnel contour line, hole row spacing 550mm, auxiliary hole interval 700mm, all ring edge reason hole interval 450mm, all ring edge reason hole paste the tunnel contour line and arrange, auxiliary hole and all ring edge reason hole depth are than tunnel design excavation depth 200 mm. And all the holes are detonated by adopting electronic detonators, and the single hole is single-ringing.
Step S3: blasting the third pilot tunnel, blasting and excavating the second pilot tunnel and starting after primary lining, wherein the blasting scheme is the same as the step S2.
Step S4: blasting the four parts of the pilot tunnel, starting blasting excavation and primary lining of the three parts of the pilot tunnel, and performing the same blasting scheme as the step S3.
Step S5: blasting five parts of pilot tunnel, it spreads the hole and explodes to be vertical face sky face expansion cloth hole and blast to be on a parallel with interim next door that forms behind the blasting excavation of pilot tunnel one part, the auxiliary hole is on a parallel with face sky face cloth hole, hole row spacing 600mm, hole interval 700mm, arrange one row of auxiliary hole and one row of peripheral holes along the tunnel contour line, hole row spacing 550mm, auxiliary hole interval 700mm, peripheral holes hole interval 450mm, peripheral holes paste the tunnel contour line and arrange, auxiliary hole and peripheral holes hole depth all dig into chi 200mm than tunnel design. And all the holes are detonated by adopting electronic detonators, and the single hole is single-ringing.
Step S6: blasting six parts of pilot tunnel, the horizontal plane that forms after five parts blasting excavation of pilot tunnel is for facing the vacant face and expanding cloth hole and blasting, the parallel vacant face cloth hole that faces of auxiliary hole, hole row spacing 600mm, hole interval 700mm, the last row of auxiliary hole surpasss below the interim inverted arch line at least 150mm, arrange one row of auxiliary hole and one row of all ring edge reason hole along the tunnel contour line, hole row spacing 550mm, auxiliary hole interval 700mm, all ring edge reason hole interval 450mm, all ring edge reason hole paste the tunnel contour line and arrange, auxiliary hole and all ring edge reason hole depth are than tunnel design excavation depth 200 mm. And all the holes are detonated by adopting electronic detonators, and the single hole is single-ringing.
Step S7: and blasting seven parts of the pilot tunnel, starting blasting excavation and primary lining of six parts of the pilot tunnel, and performing the same blasting scheme as the step S6.
Step S8: and blasting eight pilot tunnels, blasting and excavating seven pilot tunnels and starting primary lining, wherein the blasting scheme is the same as the step S7.
Furthermore, the single-segment explosive quantity of the 4 cut holes in the first pilot hole part in the step S1 is the largest, the single-segment explosive quantity is 0.6kg, the single-segment Q is 2.4kg, the straight-line distance from the left-line shield is 13.288m, the blasting vibration speed Vmax of the first pilot hole part is not more than 5cm/S, and the theoretical maximum single-segment explosive quantity Qmax is 9.25 kg.
Further, in the step S2, the single-segment dosage of the 4 leftmost peripheral holes in the second pilot hole part is the largest, the single-hole dosage is 0.3kg, the linear distance from the left line shield is 10.434m, the blasting vibration speed Vmax of the second pilot hole part is less than or equal to 5cm/S, and the theoretical maximum single-segment dosage Qmax is 4.48 kg.
Further, in the step S3, the single-stage explosive quantity of 3 leftmost peripheral holes in the three pilot holes is the largest, the single-hole explosive quantity is 0.3kg, the linear distance between the single-hole explosive quantity and the left line shield is 10.515m, the blasting vibration speed Vmax of the three pilot holes is less than or equal to 5cm/S, and the theoretical maximum single-stage explosive quantity Qmax is 4.6 kg.
Further, in the step S4, the single-segment dosage of 3 leftmost peripheral holes in the four parts of the pilot hole is the largest, the single-hole dosage is 0.3kg, the linear distance between the single-hole dosage and the left line shield is 11.617m, the blasting vibration speed Vmax of the four parts of the pilot hole is less than or equal to 5cm/S, and the theoretical maximum single-segment dosage Qmax is 6.2 kg.
Further, in the step S5, the single-stage explosive quantity of the 3 peripheral holes at the lower left corner in the five guide holes is the largest, the single-hole explosive quantity is 0.15kg, the linear distance between the single-hole explosive quantity and the left line shield is 5.721m, the blasting vibration speed Vmax of the five guide holes is less than or equal to 5cm/S, and the theoretical maximum single-stage explosive quantity Qmax is 0.74 kg.
Further, in the step S6, the single-segment dosage of the 2 leftmost peripheral holes in the six pilot holes is the largest, the single-hole dosage is 0.15kg, the linear distance from the left line shield is 4.662m, the blasting vibration speed Vmax of the six pilot holes is less than or equal to 5cm/S, and the theoretical maximum single-segment dosage Qmax is 0.4 kg.
Further, in the step S7, the single-segment dosage of the 2 leftmost peripheral holes in the seven guide holes is the largest, the single-hole dosage is 0.15kg, the linear distance from the left line shield is 4.643m, the blasting vibration speed Vmax of the seven guide holes is less than or equal to 5cm/S, and the theoretical maximum single-segment dosage Qmax is 0.39 kg.
Further, in the step S8, the single-segment dosage of the 2 leftmost peripheral holes in the seven guide holes is the largest, the single-hole dosage is 0.15kg, the linear distance from the left line shield is 5.835m, the blasting vibration speed Vmax of the seven guide holes is less than or equal to 5cm/S, and the theoretical maximum single-segment dosage Qmax is 0.79 kg.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the method, the left upper pilot tunnel of the pilot tunnel is adjusted to be the right upper pilot tunnel by adjusting the step sequence of large-section excavation, so that the pilot tunnel is far away from a left line shield section, and a blank face is created for blasting of the left pilot tunnel; the corner part is additionally provided with the damping holes, the bottom plate of the right pilot tunnel and the peripheral holes of the middle partition wall exceed the design contour line by 200mm, a certain face is provided for subsequent blasting, so that the blasting scheme is optimized, the vertical precipitation wells are arranged on the quincunx parts of the two sides of the tunnel, the excavation face is subjected to advanced precipitation, and the excavation safety is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a hole distribution structure of a section of an underground excavated tunnel according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a structural view of a hole distribution pattern of a part of the middle pilot hole in the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a structural diagram of a hole distribution pattern of the second part of the middle pilot hole in the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a structural view of the hole distribution pattern of the three parts of the middle pilot hole in the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a structural view of the hole arrangement of the four parts of the middle pilot hole in the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a structural diagram of a hole distribution pattern of five parts of the middle pilot hole in the invention;
FIG. 7 is a structural view of a hole arrangement mode of six parts of a middle pilot hole in the invention;
FIG. 8 is a structural view of a hole arrangement pattern of a seventh portion of the middle pilot hole in the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a structural view of a hole distribution pattern of eight parts of the middle pilot hole in the present invention;
reference numerals: 1. a pilot hole portion; 2. a second guide hole part; 3. a pilot hole part III; 4. a guide hole four part; 5. a fifth guide hole part; 6. six guide holes; 7. a seventh guide hole; 8. eight guide holes; 9. cutting holes; 10. expanding the slot hole; 11. an auxiliary hole; 12. a peripheral hole; 13. and a damping hole.
Detailed Description
In order to make the purpose and technical solution of the present invention clearer, the following will clearly and completely describe the technical solution of the present invention with reference to the embodiments.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1 to 9, the tunnel section hole arrangement structure adjacent to the existing shield zone includes a first pilot tunnel, a second pilot tunnel, a third pilot tunnel and a fourth pilot tunnel, wherein one side surface of the first pilot tunnel is provided with the second pilot tunnel, and the other side surface is provided with the third pilot tunnel; a fourth pilot hole is arranged on the other side surface of the second pilot hole, and a third pilot hole is arranged on one side surface of the fourth pilot hole; the first pilot hole comprises a first pilot hole part 1 and a second pilot hole part 2, the second pilot hole comprises a third pilot hole part 3 and a fourth pilot hole part 4, the third pilot hole comprises a fifth pilot hole part 5 and a sixth pilot hole part 6, and the fourth pilot hole comprises a seventh pilot hole part 7 and an eighth pilot hole part 8; at least one cut hole 9 is formed in the first pilot hole, and at least one auxiliary hole 11 is formed in the first pilot hole, the second pilot hole, the third pilot hole and the fourth pilot hole; the peripheral holes 12 are arranged outside the first pilot hole, the second pilot hole, the third pilot hole, and the fourth pilot hole. Wherein, the letters a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, j, k, L, m, n in fig. 2-9 represent the initiation sequence, and a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, j, k, L, m, n are sequentially initiated according to the sequence, and the initiation sequence referred to in fig. 2 includes a, b, c, d, f, h, k, m, n; the initiation sequence referred to in FIG. 3 includes a, b, c, d, f, g, h, j, k, L, m, n; the initiation sequence referred to in FIG. 4 includes a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, j, k, m; the initiation sequence referred to in fig. 5 includes a, b, c, d, f, h; the initiation sequence referred to in FIG. 6 includes a, b, c, d, f, h, k; the initiation sequence referred to in FIG. 7 includes a, b, c, d, f, g, h, k, L, m; the initiation sequence referred to in FIG. 8 includes a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, k, m; the initiation sequence referred to in fig. 9 includes a, b, c, d.
Specifically, the first guide hole part 1 is internally provided with cut holes 9, the distance between every two adjacent cut holes 9 is 450-700 mm, the row spacing between every two adjacent cut holes 9 is 600mm, the second guide hole part is internally provided with auxiliary holes 11, the distance between every two adjacent auxiliary holes 11 is 700-1000 mm, and the row spacing is 600-800 mm. The hole spacing between adjacent peripheral holes 12 is 400mm-600mm, and the minimum resistance line is 400mm-600 mm. The cut holes 9 and the auxiliary holes 11 adopt reverse coupling continuous charging, and the peripheral holes 12 adopt forward non-coupling spaced charging. Namely, blast holes drilled towards the face are uniformly distributed in the pilot hole first part 1, the pilot hole second part 2, the pilot hole third part 3, the pilot hole fourth part 4, the pilot hole fifth part 5, the pilot hole sixth part 6, the pilot hole seventh part 7 and the pilot hole eighth part 8, wherein a cut hole 9, an expanded hole 10, an auxiliary hole 11, a peripheral hole 12 and a vibration damping hole 13 are distributed in the pilot hole first part 1, the auxiliary hole 11, the peripheral hole 12 and the vibration damping hole 13 are distributed in the pilot hole third part 3, and the auxiliary hole 11 and the peripheral hole 12 are distributed in the rest pilot holes. Referring to fig. 2, the peripheral holes 12 are holes distributed in the outermost periphery of the figure, and each pilot hole is provided; the cut hole 9 only has one pilot hole part 1, and the two sides of the mark A in the pilot hole part 1 in the figure are respectively two and four, and the two sides of the cut hole 9 are respectively provided with two expanded hole holes 10 and four; the row pitch can be understood as the distance between parallel line groups formed by connecting lines of all the holes in all the guide holes, and the hole pitch is the distance between two adjacent holes on each connecting line; the vibration reduction holes 13 are black points at the corners of the first pilot hole part 1 and the fifth pilot hole part 5 in the figure; the auxiliary holes 11 are all holes other than the undercut holes 9, the peripheral holes 12, and the damper holes 13.
A blasting method of a tunnel section hole distribution structure close to an existing shield interval comprises the following steps:
step S1: blasting excavation is carried out on one part 1 of the pilot tunnel by adopting a cut hole 9 mode, the cut hole 9 adopts four-hole cut and four-hole expanded slot, the cut hole 9 is arranged below the center of one part 1 of the pilot tunnel, the distance between the cut holes 9 is 700mm, the row spacing is 600mm, the number of the expanded holes is 10, two holes are arranged on two sides of each expanded hole 10, the distance between the two holes and the cut hole 9 is 450mm, the row spacing is 600mm, the hole depth is 400mm deeper than the designed excavation depth, and wedge-shaped or rhombus cut hole arrangement is adopted; the auxiliary holes 11 are arranged by taking the cut holes 9 as centers and being parallel to the temporary middle partition wall or the tunnel outline, the hole spacing is 700mm, the hole row spacing is 600mm, the peripheral holes 12 on the right side are arranged closely to the tunnel outline, the hole spacing is 450mm, the peripheral holes 12 on the left side are arranged parallel to the temporary middle partition wall and exceed the temporary middle partition wall by at least 150mm, a free face is created for the five guide hole parts 5 after blasting, bottom holes on the bottom are arranged approximately horizontally, the hole spacing is 900mm, and a free face is created for the two guide hole parts 2 after blasting; the depths of the auxiliary holes 11, the peripheral holes 12 and the bottom holes are 200mm deeper than the depth of the tunnel design excavation ruler. And all the holes are detonated by adopting electronic detonators, and the single hole is single-ringing.
Step S2: blasting the second part 2 of the pilot tunnel, the horizontal plane that forms after blasting excavation of the first part 1 of the pilot tunnel is for facing the empty face and spreading the hole and blasting, the parallel empty face cloth hole that faces of auxiliary hole 11, hole row spacing 600mm, hole interval 700mm, the lower row of auxiliary hole 11 surpasss below the interim inverted arch line at least 150mm, arrange one row of auxiliary hole 11 and one row of peripheral holes 12 along the tunnel contour line, hole row spacing 550mm, auxiliary hole 11 hole interval 700mm, peripheral holes 12 hole interval 450mm, peripheral holes 12 paste the tunnel contour line and arrange, auxiliary hole 11 and peripheral holes 12 hole depth all than the tunnel design excavation depth 200 mm. And all the holes are detonated by adopting electronic detonators, and the single hole is single-ringing.
Step S3: blasting the third pilot tunnel part 3, blasting and excavating the second pilot tunnel part 2 and starting after primary lining, wherein the blasting scheme is the same as the step S2.
Step S4: blasting the four parts 4 of the pilot tunnel, blasting and excavating the three parts 3 of the pilot tunnel and initially lining, and the blasting scheme is the same as the step S3.
Step S5: blasting five parts 5 of pilot tunnel, it spreads the hole and explodes for vertical face vacant face expansion to be parallel to interim next door that forms after 1 blasting excavation of pilot tunnel, auxiliary hole 11 is on a parallel with face vacant face cloth hole, hole row spacing 600mm, hole interval 700mm, arrange one row of auxiliary hole 11 and one row of peripheral hole 12 along the tunnel contour line, hole row spacing 550mm, auxiliary hole 11 hole interval 700mm, 12 hole intervals 450mm in the peripheral hole, 12 pastes the tunnel contour line in the peripheral hole and arranges, auxiliary hole 11 and the deep 200mm of entering chi of tunnel design excavation are all compared to the deep in 12 holes in peripheral hole. And all the holes are detonated by adopting electronic detonators, and the single hole is single-ringing.
Step S6: blasting six parts 6 of the pilot tunnel, the horizontal plane that forms after the five parts 5 blasting excavation of pilot tunnel is for facing the vacant face and spreading the hole and blasting, the parallel vacant face cloth hole of auxiliary hole 11, hole row spacing 600mm, hole interval 700mm, the lower row of auxiliary hole 11 surpasss below the interim inverted arch line at least 150mm, arrange one row of auxiliary hole 11 and one row of peripheral hole 12 along the tunnel contour line, hole row spacing 550mm, auxiliary hole 11 hole interval 700mm, peripheral hole 12 hole interval 450mm, peripheral hole 12 pastes the tunnel contour line and arranges, auxiliary hole 11 and the depth of peripheral hole 12 hole all than the tunnel design excavation depth 200 mm. And all the holes are detonated by adopting electronic detonators, and the single hole is single-ringing.
Step S7: and blasting seven parts 7 of the pilot tunnel, blasting and excavating six parts 6 of the pilot tunnel and initially lining, and performing the same blasting scheme as the step S6.
Step S8: and blasting eight parts 8 of the pilot tunnel, blasting excavation and primary lining of seven parts 7 of the pilot tunnel, and performing the same blasting scheme as the step S7.
In step S1, the single-stage explosive amount of the 4 cut holes 9 in the pilot tunnel part 1 is the largest, the single-hole explosive amount is 0.6kg, the single-stage Q is 2.4kg, the linear distance from the left line shield is 13.288m, the blasting vibration speed Vmax of the pilot tunnel part 1 is less than or equal to 5cm/S, and the theoretical maximum single-stage explosive amount Qmax is 9.25 kg. In step S2, the single-stage dosage of the 4 leftmost peripheral holes 12 in the second pilot tunnel part 2 is the largest, the single-hole dosage is 0.3kg, the linear distance from the left line shield is 10.434m, the blasting vibration speed Vmax of the second pilot tunnel part 2 is less than or equal to 5cm/S, and the theoretical maximum single-stage dosage Qmax is 4.48 kg. In the step S3, the single-stage dosage of the 3 leftmost peripheral holes 12 in the three pilot holes 3 is the largest, the single-hole dosage is 0.3kg, the linear distance from the left line shield is 10.515m, the blasting vibration speed Vmax of the three pilot holes 3 is less than or equal to 5cm/S, and the theoretical maximum single-stage dosage Qmax is 4.6 kg. In the step S4, the single-stage dosage of the 3 leftmost peripheral holes 12 in the four parts 4 of the pilot tunnel is the largest, the single-hole dosage is 0.3kg, the linear distance between the single-hole dosage and the left line shield is 11.617m, the blasting vibration speed Vmax of the four parts 4 of the pilot tunnel is less than or equal to 5cm/S, and the theoretical maximum single-stage dosage Qmax is 6.2 kg. In the step S5, the single-stage dosage of the 3 peripheral holes 12 at the lower left corner in the five guide hole parts 5 is the largest, the single-hole dosage is 0.15kg, the linear distance between the single-hole dosage and the left line shield is 5.721m, the blasting vibration speed Vmax of the five guide hole parts 5 is less than or equal to 5cm/S, and the theoretical maximum single-stage dosage Qmax is 0.74 kg. In step S6, the single-stage explosive quantity of the 2 leftmost peripheral holes 12 in the six pilot holes 6 is the largest, the single-hole explosive quantity is 0.15kg, the linear distance between the single-hole explosive quantity and the left line shield is 4.662m, the blasting vibration speed Vmax of the six pilot holes 6 is not more than 5cm/S, and the theoretical maximum single-stage explosive quantity Qmax is 0.4 kg. In the step S7, the single-section dosage of the 2 leftmost peripheral holes 12 in the seven part 7 of the pilot tunnel is the largest, the single-hole dosage is 0.15kg, the linear distance between the single-hole dosage and the left line shield is 4.643m, the blasting vibration speed Vmax of the seven part 7 of the pilot tunnel is less than or equal to 5cm/S, and the theoretical maximum single-section dosage Qmax is 0.39 kg. In the step S8, the single-section dosage of the 2 leftmost peripheral holes 12 in the seven part 7 of the pilot tunnel is the largest, the single-hole dosage is 0.15kg, the linear distance between the single-hole dosage and the left line shield is 5.835m, the blasting vibration speed Vmax of the seven part 7 of the pilot tunnel is less than or equal to 5cm/S, and the theoretical maximum single-section dosage Qmax is 0.79 kg.
Specifically, the mine excavation sequence is adjusted to a first pilot tunnel at the upper right, a second pilot tunnel at the lower right, a third pilot tunnel at the upper left and a fourth pilot tunnel at the lower left according to the principle that 'starting is carried out to keep away from a protective object, a face is created as soon as possible, and single-hole maximum medicine is controlled', so that the face is created, and vibration transmission is reduced. The cut hole 9 adopts four-hole cutting and four-hole expanding, is arranged below the center of the pilot tunnel 1-1, has a hole depth of 400mm deeper than the designed excavation depth, and adopts wedge-shaped, rhombic and other cut hole distribution modes; the auxiliary holes 11 are arranged in parallel with the tunnel contour line, the temporary middle partition wall and the free face as much as possible, and the hole depth is 200mm deeper than the designed excavation depth; the peripheral holes 12 of the tunnel contour are directly arranged along the contour line, the peripheral holes 12 and bottom holes of the temporary middle partition wall exceed the design contour line by about 150mm outwards, and the hole depth is the same as that of the auxiliary holes 11. The hole spacing of the peripheral holes 12 is 400mm-600mm, preferably 450mm, and the minimum resistance line is 400mm-600mm, preferably 550 mm; the distance between the auxiliary holes 11 is 700mm-1000mm, and the row distance is 600mm-800 mm; the spacing between the cut holes 9 is 450mm-700mm, preferably 450mm or 700mm, and the row spacing is 600 mm. The cut holes 9 and the auxiliary holes 11 adopt reverse coupling continuous charging, the peripheral holes 12 adopt forward non-coupling interval charging, and the filling length of the blast holes is generally not less than 1/3 of the length of the blast holes in order to ensure the blasting effect.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, and the present invention is described in detail and specifically, but not to be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and these changes and modifications are within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (13)
1. A tunnel section hole distribution structure close to an existing shield interval is characterized by comprising a first pilot tunnel, a second pilot tunnel, a third pilot tunnel and a fourth pilot tunnel, wherein one side surface of the first pilot tunnel is provided with the second pilot tunnel, and the other side surface of the first pilot tunnel is provided with the third pilot tunnel; a fourth pilot hole is arranged on the other side surface of the second pilot hole, and a third pilot hole is arranged on one side surface of the fourth pilot hole; the first pilot hole comprises a first pilot hole part and a second pilot hole part, the second pilot hole comprises a third pilot hole part and a fourth pilot hole part, the third pilot hole comprises a fifth pilot hole part and a sixth pilot hole part, and the fourth pilot hole comprises a seventh pilot hole part and an eighth pilot hole part;
at least one cut hole is formed in the first pilot hole, and at least one auxiliary hole is formed in the first pilot hole, the second pilot hole, the third pilot hole and the fourth pilot hole; the peripheral holes are arranged on the outer sides of the first pilot hole, the second pilot hole, the third pilot hole and the fourth pilot hole.
2. A tunnel section hole distribution structure adjacent to an existing shield zone according to claim 1, wherein cut holes are formed in one part of the pilot hole, the spacing between adjacent cut holes is 450mm to 700mm, the row spacing between cut holes is 600mm, auxiliary holes are formed in the second pilot hole, the spacing between adjacent auxiliary holes is 700mm to 1000mm, and the row spacing is 600mm to 800 mm.
3. A tunnel section hole distribution structure adjacent to an existing shield zone according to claim 1, wherein the hole spacing between adjacent said peripheral holes is 400mm-600mm, and the minimum resistance line is 400mm-600 mm.
4. A tunnel cross-section hole distribution structure adjacent to an existing shield zone according to claim 1, wherein the cut holes and auxiliary holes are reverse-coupled continuous charges and the peripheral holes are forward-uncoupled spaced charges.
5. A blasting method of a tunnel section hole distribution structure adjacent to an existing shield zone, which is characterized by comprising the tunnel section hole distribution structure of any one of claims 1-4, and the steps comprise:
step S1: blasting and excavating the first pilot tunnel part in a cut mode, and creating a free face for the second pilot tunnel part and the fifth pilot tunnel part after blasting;
step S2: blasting the second pilot tunnel part, and spreading and blasting holes by taking a horizontal plane formed after blasting and excavating the first pilot tunnel part as a face blank surface, wherein auxiliary holes are distributed in parallel with the face blank surface, and peripheral holes are arranged close to the contour line of the tunnel;
step S3: blasting the third pilot tunnel part, starting blasting excavation and primary lining of the second pilot tunnel part, spreading holes and blasting by taking a horizontal plane formed after blasting excavation of the first pilot tunnel part as a free face, arranging holes in parallel with the free face by using auxiliary holes, and arranging peripheral holes close to the contour line of the tunnel;
step S4: blasting the four parts of the pilot tunnel, starting blasting excavation and primary lining of the three parts of the pilot tunnel, spreading holes and blasting by taking a horizontal plane formed after blasting excavation of the first part of the pilot tunnel as a free face, arranging holes in parallel with the free face by using auxiliary holes, and arranging peripheral holes close to the contour line of the tunnel;
step S5: blasting five pilot tunnels, and spreading and blasting vertical blank faces by using the temporary middle partition wall formed after blasting and excavating of the first pilot tunnel as a temporary blank face, wherein auxiliary holes are distributed in parallel to the blank faces;
step S6: blasting the six pilot tunnels, spreading holes and blasting by taking a horizontal plane formed after blasting and excavating the five pilot tunnels as a face blank surface, spreading holes of the auxiliary holes in parallel with the face blank surface, and arranging peripheral holes close to the contour line of the tunnel;
step S7: blasting the seven parts of the pilot tunnel, starting after blasting excavation and primary lining of the six parts of the pilot tunnel, spreading holes and blasting by taking a horizontal plane formed after blasting excavation of the five parts of the pilot tunnel as a free face, wherein auxiliary holes are parallel to the free face, and peripheral holes are arranged close to the contour line of the tunnel;
step S8: and blasting eight pilot tunnels, starting blasting excavation and primary lining of seven pilot tunnels, deploying and blasting holes by taking a horizontal plane formed after blasting excavation of five pilot tunnels as a blank face, arranging holes by using auxiliary holes in parallel with the blank face, and arranging peripheral holes close to the contour line of the tunnel.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the straight-line distance between the cut hole in the pilot tunnel part and the left-line shield in the step S1 is 13.288m, the blasting vibration speed Vmax of the pilot tunnel part is 5cm/S, and the maximum single-segment dosage Qmax is 9.25 kg.
7. The method of claim 5, wherein in step S2, the straight-line distance between the auxiliary holes in the second pilot tunnel part and the shield on the left line is 10.434m, the blasting vibration speed Vmax of the second pilot tunnel part is 5cm/S, and the maximum single-stage explosive quantity Qmax is 4.48 kg.
8. The method of claim 5, wherein in step S3, the straight-line distance between the auxiliary holes in the three pilot holes and the shield on the left line is 10.515m, the blasting vibration speed Vmax of the three pilot holes is 5cm/S, and the maximum single-stage explosive quantity Qmax is 4.6 kg.
9. The method of claim 5, wherein in step S4, the straight-line distance between the auxiliary holes in the four parts of the pilot tunnel and the shield on the left line is 11.617m, the blasting vibration speed Vmax of the four parts of the pilot tunnel is 5cm/S, and the maximum single-stage explosive quantity Qmax of the four parts of the pilot tunnel is 6.2 kg.
10. The method as claimed in claim 5, wherein in step S5, the straight-line distance between the auxiliary holes in the five pilot holes and the left-line shield is 5.721m, the blasting vibration speed Vmax of the five pilot holes is 5cm/S, and the maximum single-stage quantity Qmax is 0.74 kg.
11. The method as claimed in claim 5, wherein in step S6, the straight-line distance between the auxiliary holes in the six pilot holes and the left-line shield is 4.662m, the blasting vibration speed Vmax of the six pilot holes is 5cm/S, and the maximum single-stage quantity Qmax is 0.4 kg.
12. The method of claim 5, wherein in step S7, the straight-line distance between the auxiliary holes in the seven part of the pilot tunnel and the shield on the left line is 4.643m, the blasting vibration speed Vmax of the seven part of the pilot tunnel is 5cm/S, and the maximum single-stage explosive quantity Qmax is 0.39 kg.
13. The method of claim 5, wherein in step S8, the straight-line distance between the auxiliary holes in the seven part of the pilot tunnel and the shield on the left line is 5.835m, the blasting vibration speed Vmax of the seven part of the pilot tunnel is 5cm/S, and the maximum single-stage explosive quantity Qmax is 0.79 kg.
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| CN202210264883.1A CN114719694A (en) | 2022-03-17 | 2022-03-17 | Tunnel section hole distribution structure close to existing shield zone and blasting method |
| CN202210999501.XA CN115420157A (en) | 2022-03-17 | 2022-08-19 | Tunnel section hole distribution structure close to existing shield zone and blasting method |
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| CN115655029A (en) * | 2022-10-26 | 2023-01-31 | 华侨大学 | Large-span small-clearance tunnel partitioning block differentiation accurate blasting control method |
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| KR100323151B1 (en) * | 1999-12-31 | 2002-02-06 | 조영동 | Tunnel blasting method with large empty holes and pre-splitting of circular cut |
| CN108286920B (en) * | 2018-01-31 | 2020-03-31 | 中铁二十二局集团第一工程有限公司 | Implementation method for tunnel blasting and excavation |
| CN110631439A (en) * | 2019-08-13 | 2019-12-31 | 中铁上海工程局集团有限公司 | Small-clear-distance blasting control method for subway station |
| CN111912307B (en) * | 2020-07-23 | 2022-09-09 | 中交上海航道局有限公司 | Blasting excavation method for V-level surrounding rock large-section granite tunnel |
| CN112228076B (en) * | 2020-08-27 | 2022-10-18 | 中铁十局集团有限公司 | Fast excavation construction method for hard rock large-span tunnel |
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| CN115655029A (en) * | 2022-10-26 | 2023-01-31 | 华侨大学 | Large-span small-clearance tunnel partitioning block differentiation accurate blasting control method |
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