CN114717702A - Composite yarn and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents

Composite yarn and preparation method and application thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114717702A
CN114717702A CN202210328672.XA CN202210328672A CN114717702A CN 114717702 A CN114717702 A CN 114717702A CN 202210328672 A CN202210328672 A CN 202210328672A CN 114717702 A CN114717702 A CN 114717702A
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China
Prior art keywords
spinning
yarn
fiber
guide plate
short
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Granted
Application number
CN202210328672.XA
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Chinese (zh)
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CN114717702B (en
Inventor
刘宇清
岳甜甜
方剑
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Suzhou University
Nantong Textile and Silk Industrial Technology Research Institute
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Suzhou University
Nantong Textile and Silk Industrial Technology Research Institute
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Priority to CN202210328672.XA priority Critical patent/CN114717702B/en
Publication of CN114717702A publication Critical patent/CN114717702A/en
Priority to PCT/CN2023/084397 priority patent/WO2023185848A1/en
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Publication of CN114717702B publication Critical patent/CN114717702B/en
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
    • D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
    • D02G3/02—Yarns or threads characterised by the material or by the materials from which they are made
    • D02G3/04—Blended or other yarns or threads containing components made from different materials
    • D02G3/045—Blended or other yarns or threads containing components made from different materials all components being made from artificial or synthetic material
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
    • D01D5/0007—Electro-spinning
    • D01D5/0015—Electro-spinning characterised by the initial state of the material
    • D01D5/003—Electro-spinning characterised by the initial state of the material the material being a polymer solution or dispersion
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
    • D01D5/0007—Electro-spinning
    • D01D5/0061—Electro-spinning characterised by the electro-spinning apparatus
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
    • D01D5/0007—Electro-spinning
    • D01D5/0061—Electro-spinning characterised by the electro-spinning apparatus
    • D01D5/0069—Electro-spinning characterised by the electro-spinning apparatus characterised by the spinning section, e.g. capillary tube, protrusion or pin
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
    • D01D5/0007—Electro-spinning
    • D01D5/0061—Electro-spinning characterised by the electro-spinning apparatus
    • D01D5/0076—Electro-spinning characterised by the electro-spinning apparatus characterised by the collecting device, e.g. drum, wheel, endless belt, plate or grid
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
    • D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
    • D02G3/22—Yarns or threads characterised by constructional features, e.g. blending, filament/fibre
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
    • D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
    • D02G3/44—Yarns or threads characterised by the purpose for which they are designed
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2101/00—Inorganic fibres
    • D10B2101/02—Inorganic fibres based on oxides or oxide ceramics, e.g. silicates
    • D10B2101/06—Glass
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2101/00—Inorganic fibres
    • D10B2101/10—Inorganic fibres based on non-oxides other than metals
    • D10B2101/12—Carbon; Pitch
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2331/00—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products
    • D10B2331/30—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products polycondensation products not covered by indexing codes D10B2331/02 - D10B2331/14
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2501/00—Wearing apparel
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2507/00—Sport; Military
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2509/00—Medical; Hygiene
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
    • Y02P70/62—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product related technologies for production or treatment of textile or flexible materials or products thereof, including footwear

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
  • Spinning Methods And Devices For Manufacturing Artificial Fibers (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a composite yarn and a preparation method and application thereof, the method enables short fiber nano-fiber spun by an electrostatic spinning mechanism to be processed by a specific guide plate with meshes, the short fiber nano-fiber just spun is longitudinally and transversely acted, the spiral state just spun by the short fiber nano-fiber is changed, the short fiber nano-fiber is flatter and straighter and passes through the meshes under the action of gravity (preferred matching and other external forces), and then the short fiber nano-fiber can be arranged side by side or nearly side by side with conventional yarn to obtain a more regular composite mode, meanwhile, the short fiber nano-fiber is continuously and uniformly distributed on the conventional yarn and obtain ideal composite quantity by controlling the relative motion state of a spinning needle head, the guide plate and the conventional yarn, so that the composite yarn prepared by the method not only has the advantages of large specific surface area, good air permeability and the like, but also realizes high strength, hard yarn, greatly inhibited hairiness phenomenon and high surface smoothness, and is suitable for preparing functional clothes.

Description

Composite yarn and preparation method and application thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of electrostatic spinning, and particularly relates to a composite yarn and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The diameter of the nanofiber manufactured by the electrostatic spinning technology is usually within the range of 1nm-100nm, and the nanofiber has the performance advantages of high porosity, large specific surface area, large length-diameter ratio, high surface energy and activity and the like, but the breaking strength and the wear resistance of the fiber are relatively poor, and the production of high-strength products is difficult to meet. At present, the common improvement mode is to compound the nanofiber prepared by electrostatic spinning with the fiber or yarn prepared by the traditional spinning method to prepare the composite yarn, however, practice shows that the material strength after the nanofiber and the yarn are compounded is still poor, the surface nanofiber drops, particularly the surface nanofiber is unevenly distributed, and the hairiness phenomenon is easy to occur, so that the practical application of the nanofiber is severely limited.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provide an improved method for compounding nano fibers prepared by electrostatic spinning and fibers or yarns prepared by a conventional spinning method except the electrostatic spinning method.
The invention also provides the composite yarn prepared by the method.
The invention also provides an application of the composite yarn prepared by the method in preparing functional clothes, and the functional clothes comprise but are not limited in the field of clothes in the aspects of biological medical treatment, safety protection, military affairs and the like.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts a technical scheme as follows:
a method of producing a composite yarn including a first yarn composed of nanofibers spun by electrospinning and a second yarn including a primary yarn made of fibers spun by a spinning method other than electrospinning or fibers spun by a spinning method other than electrospinning, the method comprising:
in the process of conveying at least one second yarn through a conveying mechanism, enabling short fiber nanofibers spun by an electrostatic spinning mechanism to penetrate through a guide plate with a plurality of meshes and to be compounded with each second yarn respectively to form at least one composite primary yarn, and then twisting to prepare the composite yarn;
in the composite primary yarn, the second yarn and the short fiber nanofiber are arranged side by side or form an acute included angle of more than 0 degree and less than or equal to 10 degrees;
and the guide plate is positioned between the electrostatic spinning mechanism and the conveying mechanism, the electrostatic spinning mechanism comprises a spinning needle head, the spinning needle head is controlled to reciprocate relative to the guide plate in the process of spinning the short-fiber nano-fibers, and the moving speed of the spinning needle head is higher than the conveying speed of the second yarns.
In the present invention, the fiber spun by the spinning method other than electrospinning is preferably spun by a conventional method, and specifically includes, but is not limited to: glass fibers, carbon fibers, polylactic acid fibers, and the like.
According to some preferred aspects of the present invention, the moving speed of the spinning needle is made an even multiple of the conveying speed of the second yarn.
According to some preferred and specific aspects of the present invention, the moving speed of the spinning needle is made 2 to 10 times the conveying speed of the second yarn. Further, the moving speed of the spinning needle is 4-8 times of the conveying speed of the second yarn.
In some embodiments of the invention, the moving speed of the spinning needle is 1 to 10m/s, further 2 to 6 m/s.
According to some preferred aspects of the invention, the guide plate is horizontally arranged, and the direction of the short-fiber nanofibers spun by the spinning needle head is inclined relative to the extending direction of the guide plate, and the inclination angle is 20-40 degrees. The arrangement mode can better ensure that the short-fiber nano-fiber obtains an ideal drafting state.
According to some preferred aspects of the present invention, the material of the guide plate is metal, and may be copper.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the guide plate made of metal may be grounded.
According to some preferred aspects of the present invention, the plurality of meshes are distributed in an array, the apertures of the meshes are 0.2-0.6mm, and the distance between every two adjacent meshes is 1-6 mm.
According to some preferred aspects of the present invention, the distance between the nozzle of the spinning needle and the guide plate is controlled to be 5-8cm, and the distance between the guide plate and the conveying mechanism is controlled to be 5-10 cm.
According to some preferred aspects of the present invention, during the preparation of the composite yarn, a drawing force acting on the staple nanofibers is generated by providing a suction device or an air blowing device, and the staple nanofibers are moved vertically downward. Further, in the present invention, it may be preferable that at least one of the suction device or the blowing device is provided on both sides of the guide plate, respectively. In the invention, the guide plate is matched with a suction device or a blowing device, so that the short-fiber nanofibers can be better in an ideal drafting state.
According to some preferred aspects of the present invention, the second yarn conveyed by the conveying mechanism is attached with a solid binder during the preparation of the composite yarn, and then melted and bonded during the composite with the staple nanofiber.
According to some preferred aspects of the present invention, the electrospinning mechanism comprises a plurality of groups of spinning needle assemblies, each group of the spinning needle assemblies comprises two spinning needles, and each second yarn corresponds to one group of the spinning needle assemblies;
in the process of spinning the short-fiber nano-fiber, only one spinning needle in each group of spinning needle components moves at the same time, and the short-fiber nano-fiber is spun in the moving process.
According to some preferred aspects of the present invention, in the spinning of the staple nanofibers, one of the spinning needles in each set of the spinning needle assemblies moves from a first preset position to a second preset position along a first direction until the second preset position is reached, then stops moving and spinning the staple nanofibers, and then the other spinning needle moves from the second preset position to the first preset position along a second direction until the first preset position is reached, and then the two spinning needles alternately move and spin the staple nanofibers, wherein the first direction is opposite to the second direction, and one of the first direction and the second direction is a conveying direction of the second yarn.
According to some preferred aspects of the invention, the method for preparing the composite yarn is carried out by using the following production device:
the production device comprises a friction spinning machine, an electrostatic spinning mechanism, a conveying mechanism, a blowing device, a guide plate, a heating mechanism, a solid adhesive applying mechanism, a twisting mechanism and a winding mechanism, wherein the guide plate is provided with a plurality of meshes;
the electrostatic spinning mechanism comprises a plurality of groups of spinning needle head assemblies arranged above the conveying mechanism, each group of spinning needle head assemblies comprises two spinning needle heads, the number of the spinning needle head assemblies is the same as that of the conveyed second yarns and corresponds to that of the conveyed second yarns one by one, and in the process of spinning the short-fiber nano-fibers, only one spinning needle head in each group of spinning needle head assemblies moves at the same time and the short-fiber nano-fibers are spun in the moving process;
the conveying mechanism comprises a conveyor belt, the guide plate is arranged between the spinning needle head assembly and the conveyor belt, and the heating mechanism is arranged on one side of the conveyor belt and is used for melting the solid adhesive attached to the second yarns;
the blowing device is arranged between the guide plate and the conveyor belt and is used for forming a drafting force acting on the short-fiber nano fibers and enabling the short-fiber nano fibers to vertically move downwards;
the twisting mechanism and the winding mechanism are sequentially arranged on one side of the output direction of the conveying belt;
at least one second yarn is drafted and refined through the friction spinning machine, then the solid adhesive is applied through the solid adhesive applying mechanism and is attached to the surface, then the second yarn passes through the lower part of the guide plate under the driving of the conveyor belt, so that the short fiber nanofibers spun by the electrostatic spinning mechanism penetrate through the meshes and vertically move downwards under the action of the blowing device, then the second yarn is compounded with each second yarn to form at least one compound primary yarn, then the compound yarns are formed after the twisting of the twisting mechanism, and then the compound yarns are wound by the winding mechanism.
According to some particular aspects of the invention, the preparation process may be carried out at an ambient temperature of 15-30 ℃ and an ambient relative humidity of 35-70% RH.
In some embodiments of the invention, the solid binder is polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polyurethane powder, or the like.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the heating temperature of the heating mechanism is 80 to 200 ℃ for melting the solid adhesive.
According to some specific aspects of the invention, the electrostatic spinning mechanism further comprises high-voltage generators, a slide rail, sliders, liquid storage injectors communicated with the spinning needle heads, and a driving assembly, wherein each spinning needle head is electrically connected with the same or different high-voltage generators, the number of the liquid storage injectors is the same as that of the spinning needle heads and corresponds to that of the spinning needle heads one by one, each spinning needle head is independently arranged on one slider and moves along with the movement of the slider, the number of the sliders is the same as that of the spinning needle heads and corresponds to that of the spinning needle heads one by one, the sliders are slidably arranged on the slide rail and driven by the driving assembly, and the sliders can move back and forth on the slide rail.
In some embodiments of the invention, the distance of movement of the slide (the distance from the first preset position to the second preset position) is 5-50cm, further 10-30 cm.
In some embodiments of the invention, the voltage of the high voltage generator is 10-30 kV.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the electrostatic spinning mechanism uses 10-25% by mass of a spinning solution, and the spinning solution is prepared by dissolving a spinning polymer in a spinning solvent and mixing the solution uniformly.
In some embodiments of the invention, the spun polymer includes, but is not limited to, polysulfone amide fibers (PSA), polyvinyl butyral (PVB), Polyacrylonitrile (PAN), and the like.
In some embodiments of the invention, the spinning solvent includes, but is not limited to, acetone, ethanol, N-Dimethylformamide (DMF), N-dimethylacetamide, and the like.
The invention provides another technical scheme that: a composite yarn prepared by the preparation method.
The invention provides another technical scheme that: an application of the composite yarn in the preparation of functional clothes.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
based on the defects of low strength, serious hairiness phenomenon and the like existing in the application process of the existing nanofiber, the short fiber nanofiber spun by an electrostatic spinning mechanism is innovatively processed by a specific guide plate with meshes, so that the guide plate has longitudinal and transverse effects on the short fiber nanofiber just spun, the spiral state just spun by the short fiber nanofiber is changed, the short fiber nanofiber is flatter and straighter and passes through the meshes under the action of gravity (preferably matching and other external forces), and then the short fiber nanofiber and second yarns can be arranged side by side or approximately side by side to obtain a more regular composite mode, and meanwhile, the short fiber nanofiber is continuously and uniformly distributed on the second yarns and obtain an ideal composite quantity by controlling the relative motion states of a spinning needle head, the guide plate and the second yarns, so that the composite yarns prepared by the method not only have large specific surface area, but also have large hairiness and the like, Good air permeability, high strength, hard yarn, especially hair feather phenomenon, and high surface smoothness.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a production apparatus used in a method for producing a composite yarn according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of a portion of the production of a second yarn in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention when multiple yarns are used;
FIG. 3 is a schematic representation of the distribution of the components in a composite as-spun yarn made in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
wherein, 1, a high voltage generator; 2. a slider; 3. a liquid storage syringe; 4. a spinning needle head; 5. rubbing the spinning machine; 6. a conveyor belt; 7. a heating mechanism; 8. a yarn guide hook; 9. a bobbin; 10. a blowing device; 11. a solid adhesive applying mechanism; 12. a copper plate; 13. mesh openings; 14. a first yarn; 15. a second yarn; 16. a solid binder; 17. a twisting mechanism.
Detailed Description
The above-described scheme is further illustrated below with reference to specific examples; it is to be understood that these embodiments are provided to illustrate the general principles, essential features and advantages of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited in scope by the following embodiments; the implementation conditions used in the examples can be further adjusted according to specific requirements, and the implementation conditions not indicated are generally the conditions in routine experiments.
In the following, all starting materials are essentially obtained commercially or prepared by conventional methods in the art, unless otherwise specified.
Example 1
This example provides a composite yarn comprising a first yarn composed of nanofibers spun by electrospinning and a second yarn composed of fibers spun by a spinning method other than electrospinning, and a method for producing the same.
In this example, the fibers spun by the spinning method other than electrospinning were glass fibers (fineness 0.25mm, available from Hangzhou Hui Ming composite Co., Ltd., brand ps-14) spun by a conventional method. The electrostatic spinning is carried out by adopting 12% spinning solution by mass, dissolving spinning polymer (polysulfone amide fiber (PSA)) in spinning solvent (N, N-dimethyl acetamide) and uniformly mixing, wherein spinning voltage is 20kV, spinning speed is 2mL/h, ambient temperature is 28 ℃ and ambient humidity is 65% RH.
The preparation method of the composite yarn comprises the following steps: in the process of conveying at least one second yarn through the conveying mechanism, the short-fiber nanofibers spun by the electrostatic spinning mechanism penetrate through the guide plate with a plurality of meshes and are respectively compounded with each second yarn to form at least one composite primary yarn, and then the composite primary yarn is twisted to form composite yarns;
the guide plate is positioned between the electrostatic spinning mechanism and the conveying mechanism, the electrostatic spinning mechanism comprises a spinning needle head, the spinning needle head is controlled to reciprocate relative to the guide plate in the process of spinning the short-fiber nanofiber, and the moving speed of the spinning needle head is larger than the conveying speed of the second yarn. Specifically, in this example, the guide plate is horizontally arranged, the spinning needle is obliquely arranged, the direction of spinning the short-fiber nanofibers is intersected with the vertical direction, the included angle is 30 °, the moving speed of the spinning needle is 2m/s, the conveying speed of the second yarn is 0.5m/s, the distance of single movement of the spinning needle relative to the guide plate is controlled to be 10cm, the guide plate is made of copper, the guide plate can be called copper plate (the copper plate is grounded for short), the plurality of meshes are distributed on the copper plate in an array mode, the aperture of each mesh is 0.5mm, the spacing distance between every two adjacent meshes is 5mm, the distance between the nozzle of the spinning needle and the guide plate is controlled to be 6cm, and the distance between the guide plate and the conveying mechanism is 8 cm.
In this example, during the preparation of the composite yarn, the drawing force acting on the staple nanofibers is generated by arranging the blowing device, so that the staple nanofibers move vertically downward. Further, in this embodiment, two blowing devices may be respectively disposed on two sides of the guiding plate, the wind speed is 8m/s, and the guiding plate and the blowing devices may be matched to better achieve the desired drafting state of the staple nanofibers, so that the second yarn and the staple nanofibers are arranged side by side or tend to be arranged side by side.
In the preparation process of the composite yarn, the solid adhesive is attached to the second yarn conveyed by the conveying mechanism, and then the second yarn is melted and bonded in the process of compounding with the short-fiber nanofiber, so that a better combination effect is obtained, and the phenomenon that the nanofiber positioned on the outer layer falls off is prevented.
In this example, the electrospinning mechanism includes a plurality of groups of spinning needle assemblies, each group of spinning needle assemblies includes two spinning needles, and each second yarn corresponds to one group of spinning needle assemblies; in the process of spinning the short-fiber nano-fibers, only one spinning needle head in each group of spinning needle head components moves at the same time and the short-fiber nano-fibers are spun in the moving process. In the practical operation process, in the process of spinning the short-fiber nanofibers, in each group of spinning needle assemblies, one spinning needle moves from a first preset position to a second preset position along a first direction until the spinning needle reaches the second preset position, then the spinning needle stops moving and spinning the short-fiber nanofibers, then the other spinning needle moves from the second preset position to the first preset position along a second direction until the spinning needle reaches the first preset position, then the two spinning needles alternately move and spin the short-fiber nanofibers, the first direction is opposite to the second direction, the first direction is the conveying direction of the second yarns, the second direction is opposite to the conveying direction of the second yarns, and the distance between the first preset position and the second preset position is the distance of the spinning needle moving relative to the guide plate in a single time, specifically 10 cm.
Specifically, in this example, 6 glass fibers arranged side by side are used and operated simultaneously, and accordingly, the spinning needle assembly has 6 corresponding sets, and 6 composite primary yarns are formed, and the twist of the 6 composite primary yarns is 250 twist · m-1。
The following further describes the embodiment of the present invention with reference to the drawings, which are not intended to limit the invention, but are merely for the purpose of facilitating a more intuitive understanding and appreciation of the manufacturing method of the present invention, and the structures shown in the following drawings are provided by way of example only.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 1 to 2, the method for producing the composite yarn of this example was carried out using the following production apparatus. The production device comprises a friction spinning machine 5, a solid adhesive applying mechanism 11 for attaching a solid adhesive to a second yarn, a conveying mechanism, a twisting mechanism 17, a yarn guide hook 8, a winding mechanism, a heating mechanism 7, an electrostatic spinning mechanism, a blowing device 10 and a guide plate, wherein the heating mechanism 7, the electrostatic spinning mechanism, the blowing device 10 and the guide plate are arranged on one side of the conveying mechanism in sequence; wherein the conveying mechanism comprises a conveyor belt 6; the electrostatic spinning mechanism comprises 6 groups of spinning needle head components arranged above the conveyor belt 6, each group of spinning needle head components comprises two spinning needle heads 4, in the process of spinning the short-fiber nano-fiber, only one spinning needle head 4 in each group of spinning needle head components moves at the same time, and the short-fiber nano-fiber is spun in the moving process;
the guide plate is made of copper, which can be called as copper plate 12 for short, the copper plate 12 is arranged between the spinning needle head assembly and the conveyor belt 6, and the heating mechanism 7 is arranged on one side of the conveyor belt 6 and is used for melting the solid adhesive attached to the second yarns;
the blowing device 10 is arranged between the copper plate 12 and the conveyor belt 6 and is used for forming a drafting force acting on the short-fiber nano fibers and enabling the short-fiber nano fibers to vertically move downwards;
the twisting mechanism 17 and the winding mechanism are sequentially arranged on one side of the output direction of the conveyor belt 6.
In this example, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) is used as the solid binder, and the heating mechanism 7 melts the solid binder and then firmly bonds the staple nanofibers to the glass fibers by virtue of good adhesion after melting.
Further, in the embodiment, the electrostatic spinning mechanism further comprises a high voltage generator 1, a slide rail and a slide block 2, the spinning machine comprises liquid storage injectors 3 and driving assemblies (not shown), wherein the liquid storage injectors 3 are communicated with the spinning needle heads 4, each spinning needle head 4 is electrically connected with different high-voltage generators 1, the number of the liquid storage injectors 3 is the same as that of the spinning needle heads 4 and corresponds to that of the spinning needle heads 4 one by one, each spinning needle head 4 is independently arranged on a sliding block 2 and moves along with the sliding block 2, the number of the sliding blocks 2 is the same as that of the spinning needle heads 4 and corresponds to that of the spinning needle heads 4 one by one, the sliding blocks 2 are slidably arranged on a sliding rail and are driven by the driving assemblies, and the sliding blocks 2 can reciprocate on the sliding rail, namely in the embodiment, the moving speed of the sliding blocks 2 is the moving speed of the spinning needle heads 4, specifically 2m/s, and the moving distance (the distance from a first preset position to a second preset position) of the sliding blocks 2 is 10 cm. The slide rail can be including a plurality of branch tracks that set up side by side, sets up a set of spinning syringe needle subassembly on every branch track, drives spinning syringe needle 4 through slider 2 and removes, specifically drives stock solution syringe 3 and spinning syringe needle 4 and removes together, and high voltage generator 1's voltage is spinning voltage, specifically is 20 kV.
In the embodiment, 6 second yarns are respectively drafted and refined by a friction spinning machine 5, then a solid adhesive is applied to the surface by a solid adhesive applying mechanism 11 and is adhered to the surface, then the second yarns pass below a copper plate 12 under the driving of a conveyor belt 6, so that short fiber nanofibers spun by an electrostatic spinning mechanism penetrate through meshes 13 and vertically move downwards under the action of a blowing device 10, then the second yarns are respectively compounded with each second yarn to form 6 composite primary yarns, then the composite yarns are twisted by a twisting mechanism 17 to form composite yarns, and then the composite yarns are wound by a bobbin 9 of a winding mechanism.
In this example, the resulting composite as-spun yarn has the components distributed schematically as shown in FIG. 3, with the first yarns 14 in the upper layer, the solid binder 16 in the middle layer, and the second yarns 15 in the lower layer.
Example 2
This example provides a composite yarn and method of making the same, which is substantially the same as example 1 except that:
(1) the electrostatic spinning is carried out by adopting a spinning solution with the mass percentage content of 20%, the spinning solution is prepared by dissolving a spinning polymer (polyvinyl butyral (PVB)) in a spinning solvent (ethanol) and uniformly mixing, the spinning voltage is 30kV, the spinning speed is 3mL/h, the ambient temperature is 26 ℃, and the ambient humidity is 70% RH;
(2) the moving speed of the spinning needle head is 3m/s, the conveying speed of the second yarn is 0.5m/s, the distance of single movement of the spinning needle head relative to the guide plate is controlled to be 15cm, the distance between a nozzle of the spinning needle head and the guide plate is controlled to be 5cm, the wind speed of the blowing device is 9m/s, and the distance between the guide plate and the conveying mechanism is 7 cm;
(3) the fiber spun by other spinning methods except electrostatic spinning is carbon fiber (with the fineness of 0.07mm, which is purchased from Guangdong Tevilong new material application Co., Ltd., brand number TWL-2181801) spun by a conventional traditional method, and the solid adhesive is polyurethane powder;
(4) the twist of the 6 composite primary yarns is 360 twist m-1。
Example 3
This example provides a composite yarn and method of making the same, which is substantially the same as example 1 except that:
(1) the electrostatic spinning is carried out by adopting a spinning solution with the mass percentage of 10%, the spinning solution is prepared by dissolving a spinning polymer (polyacrylonitrile (PAN)) in a spinning solvent (N, N-Dimethylformamide (DMF)) and uniformly mixing, the spinning voltage is 15kV, the spinning speed is 1.2mL/h, the ambient temperature is 30 ℃, and the ambient humidity is 45% RH;
(2) the moving speed of the spinning needle head is 4m/s, the conveying speed of the second yarn is 1m/s, the single-time moving distance of the spinning needle head relative to the guide plate is controlled to be 20cm, the distance between a nozzle of the spinning needle head and the guide plate is controlled to be 4cm, and the distance between the guide plate and the conveying mechanism is controlled to be 8 cm;
(3) the fiber spun by the spinning method other than electrospinning is polylactic acid fiber (fineness of 0.15mm, available from spring martin force supplier, brand SMD-202188) spun by a conventional method;
(4) the 6 composite primary yarns were twisted at a twist of 160 twist m-1。
Comparative example
This example provides a composite yarn and method of making the same, which is substantially the same as example 3 except that: no guide plate is added.
Performance testing
1. The composite yarns produced in examples 1-3 were tested for the following properties, and the results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1
Figure BDA0003572369660000081
Figure BDA0003572369660000091
2. The composite yarns prepared in example 3 and comparative example were subjected to the following performance tests, and the specific results are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2
Figure BDA0003572369660000092
The above-mentioned embodiments are provided only for illustrating the technical idea and features of the present invention, and the purpose thereof is to enable those skilled in the art to understand the content of the present invention and to implement the present invention, and not to limit the protection scope of the present invention by this, and all equivalent changes or modifications made according to the spirit of the present invention should be covered in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A method for producing a composite yarn including a first yarn composed of nanofibers spun by electrospinning and a second yarn including a primary yarn made of fibers spun by a spinning method other than electrospinning or fibers spun by a spinning method other than electrospinning, characterized in that the method for producing a composite yarn includes:
in the process of conveying at least one second yarn through a conveying mechanism, enabling short fiber nanofibers spun by an electrostatic spinning mechanism to penetrate through a guide plate with a plurality of meshes and to be compounded with each second yarn respectively to form at least one composite primary yarn, and then twisting to prepare the composite yarn;
in the composite primary yarn, the second yarn and the short fiber nanofiber are arranged side by side or form an acute included angle of more than 0 degree and less than or equal to 10 degrees;
and the guide plate is positioned between the electrostatic spinning mechanism and the conveying mechanism, the electrostatic spinning mechanism comprises a spinning needle head, the spinning needle head is controlled to reciprocate relative to the guide plate in the process of spinning the short-fiber nano-fibers, and the moving speed of the spinning needle head is greater than the conveying speed of the second yarns.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the speed of the moving spinning needle is set to be an even multiple of the speed of the second yarn.
3. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the speed of the moving spinning needle is 2 to 10 times the speed of the second yarn.
4. The method for preparing the composite yarn according to claim 1, wherein the guide plate is horizontally arranged, and the direction of the spinning needles for spinning the short-fiber nanofibers is obliquely arranged relative to the extending direction of the guide plate, and the oblique angle is 20-40 degrees; and/or the guide plate is made of copper;
and/or the plurality of meshes are distributed in an array, the aperture of each mesh is 0.2-0.6mm, and the spacing distance between every two adjacent meshes is 1-6 mm; and/or the presence of a gas in the atmosphere,
and controlling the distance between the nozzle of the spinning needle head and the guide plate to be 5-8cm, and controlling the distance between the guide plate and the conveying mechanism to be 5-10 cm.
5. The method of preparing a composite yarn according to claim 1, wherein a drawing force acting on the staple nanofibers is generated by providing a suction device or an air blowing device and the staple nanofibers are moved vertically downward during the preparation of the composite yarn; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
and in the preparation process of the composite yarn, the second yarn conveyed by the conveying mechanism is attached with a solid adhesive, and then the second yarn is melted and bonded in the process of compounding with the short-fiber nano-fiber.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein said electrospinning mechanism comprises a plurality of sets of spinning needle assemblies, each set of said spinning needle assemblies comprising two of said spinning needles, and each of said second yarns corresponds to one of said sets of said spinning needle assemblies;
in the process of spinning the short-fiber nano-fiber, only one spinning needle in each group of spinning needle components moves at the same time, and the short-fiber nano-fiber is spun in the moving process.
7. The method of preparing composite yarn according to claim 6, wherein during the spinning of the nanofiber, one of the spinning needles in each group of the spinning needle assemblies moves from a first predetermined position to a second predetermined position along a first direction until the second predetermined position is reached, then stops moving and spinning the nanofiber, and then the other spinning needle moves from the second predetermined position to the first predetermined position along a second direction until the first predetermined position is reached, and then the two spinning needles alternately move and spin the nanofiber, wherein the first direction is opposite to the second direction, and one of the first direction and the second direction is a conveying direction of the second yarn.
8. The method for preparing the composite yarn according to claim 1, wherein the method for preparing the composite yarn is performed by using a production device comprising:
the production device comprises a friction spinning machine, an electrostatic spinning mechanism, a conveying mechanism, a blowing device, a guide plate, a heating mechanism, a solid adhesive applying mechanism, a twisting mechanism and a winding mechanism, wherein the guide plate is provided with a plurality of meshes;
the electrostatic spinning mechanism comprises a plurality of groups of spinning needle head assemblies arranged above the conveying mechanism, each group of spinning needle head assemblies comprises two spinning needle heads, the number of the spinning needle head assemblies is the same as that of the conveyed second yarns and corresponds to that of the conveyed second yarns one by one, and in the process of spinning the short-fiber nano-fibers, only one spinning needle head in each group of spinning needle head assemblies moves at the same time and the short-fiber nano-fibers are spun in the moving process;
the conveying mechanism comprises a conveying belt, the guide plate is arranged between the spinning needle head assembly and the conveying belt, and the heating mechanism is arranged on one side of the conveying belt and is used for melting the solid adhesive attached to the second yarns;
the blowing device is arranged between the guide plate and the conveyor belt and is used for forming a drafting force acting on the short-fiber nano fibers and enabling the short-fiber nano fibers to vertically move downwards;
the twisting mechanism and the winding mechanism are sequentially arranged on one side of the output direction of the conveying belt;
at least one second yarn is drafted and refined through the friction spinning machine, then the solid adhesive is applied through the solid adhesive applying mechanism and is attached to the surface, then the second yarn passes through the lower part of the guide plate under the driving of the conveyor belt, so that the short fiber nanofibers spun by the electrostatic spinning mechanism penetrate through the meshes and vertically move downwards under the action of the blowing device, then the second yarn is compounded with each second yarn to form at least one compound primary yarn, then the compound yarns are formed after the twisting of the twisting mechanism, and then the compound yarns are wound by the winding mechanism.
9. A composite yarn produced by the production method according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
10. Use of the composite yarn of claim 9 in the manufacture of functional apparel.
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