CN114717452B - High-surface-tension 4xxx series aluminum alloy welding wire, and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents

High-surface-tension 4xxx series aluminum alloy welding wire, and preparation method and application thereof Download PDF

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CN114717452B
CN114717452B CN202210542833.5A CN202210542833A CN114717452B CN 114717452 B CN114717452 B CN 114717452B CN 202210542833 A CN202210542833 A CN 202210542833A CN 114717452 B CN114717452 B CN 114717452B
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aluminum alloy
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ingot
welding wire
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CN114717452A (en
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张天理
陈浩欣
李振华
方乃文
徐锴
武雯
杨凯钦
彭净净
葛丽
葛坤
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Shanghai University of Engineering Science
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
    • B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
    • B23K35/28—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 950 degrees C
    • B23K35/286—Al as the principal constituent
    • B23K35/288—Al as the principal constituent with Sn or Zn
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/40—Making wire or rods for soldering or welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
    • C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
    • C22F1/043—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with silicon as the next major constituent
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
    • B23K2103/08—Non-ferrous metals or alloys
    • B23K2103/10—Aluminium or alloys thereof
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Arc Welding In General (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a high surface tension 4xxx series aluminum alloy welding wire, a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the welding wire comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: 5.0% -6.5% of Si, 0.60% -0.80% of Fe, 0.20% -0.35% of Cu, 0.10% -0.30% of Mn, 0.15% -0.25% of Mg, 0.15% -0.25% of Ti, 0.10% -0.20% of Zn, 0.10% -0.25% of Sc, 0.05% -0.20% of Zr, 0.01% -0.10% of Er, 0.05% -0.10% of V, 0.05% -0.10% of Y, and the balance of Al and unavoidable impurity elements, and the arc additive is obtained by reasonably designing and controlling the chemical components of welding wires and introducing surface active elements.

Description

High-surface-tension 4xxx series aluminum alloy welding wire, and preparation method and application thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of arc additive manufacturing materials, and particularly relates to a high-surface-tension 4xxx aluminum alloy welding wire, a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
Additive manufacturing is a new generation of manufacturing technology with revolutionary significance in production, and is a driving engine for promoting the transformation and upgrading of manufacturing industry. Compared with the traditional material reduction manufacturing technology, the material reduction manufacturing has the advantages of quick near-net forming technology, high material utilization rate, low manufacturing cost and short production period, and particularly can realize die-free, high-degree-of-freedom and customized forming of precise and complex parts. Metal additive manufacturing is largely divided into laser additive manufacturing, electron beam additive manufacturing, and arc additive manufacturing, depending on the heat source. Because the aluminum alloy has special physical and chemical characteristics of high laser reflectivity, large thermal expansion coefficient, low liquid phase surface tension and the like, the problems of air holes, poor forming precision and the like are easy to occur in laser welding, the mechanical property of the joint is reduced, and the application in industry is limited. The arc additive manufacturing technology has the advantages of high cladding efficiency, large forming size, mature equipment, high expandability and the like, and has wide application prospect in the field of metal structural materials.
The additive manufacturing technology is a new technology for directly manufacturing a component by depositing filling materials layer by layer, and is divided into two main types, namely powder and wire, wherein the former is complex in preparation technology and high in equipment price, and is not commonly used at present, the wire arc additive manufacturing technology is a typical technology for adding materials in a digital mode in the additive manufacturing technology, and compared with other additive manufacturing technologies, the arc additive manufacturing technology has the advantages of high deposition efficiency, low manufacturing cost, capability of manufacturing large-size components and the like, and has the advantages of high flexibility, high technical integration level, high material utilization rate, low equipment cost, high production efficiency and the like.
Patent application CN201811248423X discloses an aluminum alloy powder for additive manufacturing and a preparation method thereof, wherein the aluminum alloy powder for additive manufacturing is high in sphericity, high in sphericity rate and more than 95%, in particle size range of 20+/-15 mu m, narrow in particle size distribution, beneficial to improving the fluidity of the powder in the additive manufacturing process, capable of effectively reducing the component segregation of additive manufactured parts, improving the performance of the parts, and capable of effectively reducing the component segregation of Al, ti and B in the preparation process 4 TiB produced by chemical reaction of C powder 2 And TiC reinforced particles, which play roles in equiaxial crystal nucleation and grain refinement in the additive manufacturing process, most of the prepared alloy grains are equiaxial grains, the average size of the grains is 50 mu m, and the prepared aluminum alloy material for additive manufacturing has higher tensile strength and elongation. Patent application CN2019105945490 discloses a kind ofThe method for printing the aluminum silicon carbide composite material wire material directly generates parts with any shape from computer graphic data by arc additive manufacturing, and then performs layer-by-layer printing by wire feeding, so that the method can realize efficient and rapid forming of workpieces, is suitable for large-size and complex-shape components, has the further advantages of realizing near-net forming of materials, improving the utilization rate of raw materials, simplifying the processing process of the composite material, saving the processing cost, improving the utilization rate of the materials, and being widely used for preparing structural members in the fields of aerospace, automobiles, ships and the like. Patent application CN2019106720649 discloses an aluminum-silicon-based welding wire for arc additive manufacturing and a preparation method thereof, wherein the reinforcing mode of the aluminum-silicon-based welding wire is alloy compensation and alloy reinforcement, the strength and hardness of the welding wire are gradually improved along with the gradual increase of pass through the stress relief annealing temperature and time in the equipped wire manufacturing procedure, the toughness of the welding wire can be maintained, and the welding wire with the property can realize continuous production and is matched with arc wire printing.
However, the prior aluminum alloy arc additive manufacturing technology lacks researches on the surface tension of a molten pool and the forming of the molten pool, and the arc additive manufacturing has a rapid unbalanced solidification effect due to high surface roughness, so that the accurate control of the forming size of the additive is difficult to realize, the aluminum alloy tends to form columnar dendrite tissue morphology, and meanwhile, the aluminum alloy is influenced by heat accumulation in the molten pool, and larger heat stress is generated due to solidification shrinkage, so that hot cracks are formed. In the initial stage of the formation of the molten pool, surface tension plays a major role in convection and heat transfer in the molten pool, while electromagnetic force is suppressed, and as the penetration increases, electromagnetic force is enhanced and vortex is caused, resulting in penetration and an increase in the lower surface width. The driving force in the molten pool comprises Marangoni flow caused by surface tension, thermal buoyancy caused by temperature difference and electromagnetic force generated by self-magnetic effect caused by the divergence of arc current in the molten pool, wherein the electromagnetic force acts to increase the penetration and the back face melting width in the melting process of the laser plasma arc composite welding molten pool, but is inhibited by the upper surface tension driving flow in the initial stage of the melting process, and the action starts to appear along with the increase of the depth of the molten pool. The Marangoni convection direction caused by surface tension points from the periphery of the molten pool to the center of the molten pool, is not consistent with the flow direction of the shearing stress generated by arc plasma, and the arc plasma promotes the surface of the molten pool to flow from the center to the periphery due to strong shearing force.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the arc additive manufacturing process in the prior art, the main purpose of the invention is to provide a high surface tension 4xxx series aluminum alloy welding wire, and the high surface tension welding wire is formed by reasonably designing and regulating the chemical components of the welding wire and introducing surface active elements to change the influence of the traditional low surface tension on the molten pool forming.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing the high surface tension 4xxx series aluminum alloy welding wire.
The invention further aims to provide the application of the high-surface-tension 4xxx aluminum alloy welding wire in arc additive manufacturing, and a printed product of the high-surface-tension 4xxx aluminum alloy welding wire has good forming precision and mechanical properties.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a high surface tension 4xxx series aluminum alloy welding wire, which comprises the following element components in percentage by mass: 5.0 to 6.5 percent of Si, 0.60 to 0.80 percent of Fe, 0.20 to 0.35 percent of Cu, 0.10 to 0.30 percent of Mn, 0.15 to 0.25 percent of Mg, 0.15 to 0.25 percent of Ti, 0.10 to 0.20 percent of Zn, 0.10 to 0.25 percent of Sc, 0.05 to 0.20 percent of Zr0.01 to 0.10 percent of Er, 0.05 to 0.10 percent of V, 0.05 to 0.10 percent of Y, and the balance of Al and unavoidable impurity elements; wherein Al, mg and Zn are added in the form of cast ingot, and the other elements are added in the form of intermediate alloy for casting, and simultaneously the following conditions are satisfied: the total mass percentage of Sc, er and Y is less than or equal to 0.50%, the total mass percentage of Zr and V is less than or equal to 0.50%, the mass ratio of Sc and Er is more than or equal to 2, and the mass ratio of Zr and V is more than or equal to 2.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the high surface tension 4xxx series aluminum alloy welding wire, which comprises the following steps:
(1) And (3) casting: melting an aluminum ingot, a magnesium ingot and a zinc ingot, sequentially adding other intermediate alloys into the melt, adding a refining agent for refining and degassing, deslagging the melt, standing the refined melt, and cooling to obtain an ingot;
(2) Homogenizing and annealing: homogenizing and annealing the ingot cooled in the step (1) to obtain a cast blank;
(3) Hot extrusion: extruding and deforming the casting blank obtained in the step (2) to prepare a primary wire blank;
(4) Intermediate annealing: performing intermediate annealing treatment on the primary wire blank obtained in the step (3) to prepare a fine wire blank, and immediately scraping the fine wire blank;
(5) Drawing and peeling: and (3) carrying out multi-pass drawing on the fine wire blank obtained in the step (4), wherein the die matching reducing gradient of each drawing is smaller than 0.2mm, after the wire with the required specification is manufactured, carrying out final scraping treatment and ultrasonic cleaning, removing oxide films and organic impurities on the surface of the wire, and carrying out vacuum packaging.
Preferably, in the step (1), the method further comprises a pretreatment process of polishing the surfaces of the aluminum ingot, the magnesium ingot and the zinc ingot to remove oil stains and impurities on the surfaces, and then cleaning the surfaces by acetone, wherein the smelting temperature is 700-850 ℃, the standing time is 30-60min, and inert protective gas is adopted for degassing, and more preferably argon with the purity of more than or equal to 99.999 percent.
Preferably, in the step (2), the homogenizing annealing temperature is 480-500 ℃ and the homogenizing annealing time is 12-18h.
Preferably, in the step (3), the extrusion ratio of the extrusion deformation is 50 to 80:1, the extrusion speed is 1-3mm/s, and the extrusion temperature is 420-460 ℃.
Preferably, in the step (4), the stress relief annealing is performed once after each wire drawing twice, the temperature of the stress relief annealing is 360-400 ℃, the time of the stress relief annealing is 20-60min, and the temperature and the time of the stress relief annealing are increased along with the pass.
Preferably, in the step (5), the aluminum alloy wire blank is drawn into a welding wire with the diameter of 0.8-3.2 specification, the ultrasonic frequency is 20-40KHZ, and the water temperature of ultrasonic cleaning is 35-45 ℃.
The invention also provides application of the high-surface-tension 4xxx aluminum alloy welding wire in arc additive manufacturing, which comprises parts for arc additive manufacturing aerospace, machinery, vehicles and ships, and is particularly suitable for arc additive manufacturing of mechanical parts.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the molten pool formed by the high surface tension 4xxx aluminum alloy welding wire is a dynamic and uneven melting process, and the high surface tension can influence the surface roughness of a formed member, so that the subsequent material processing is convenient. In addition, the higher surface tension between the molten pools reduces the step effect of the deposition layer, improves the forming precision of the deposition piece and improves the mechanical property of the deposition piece.
2. When the high surface tension 4xxx series aluminum alloy welding wire is used for arc additive manufacturing, the yield strength of an additive manufactured part is higher than 340MPa, the tensile strength is higher than 280MPa, the elongation is more than or equal to 18.4%, and the grain size grade is 7.
Detailed Description
In order to further clarify the objects and technical aspects of the present invention, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following examples, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a high surface tension 4xxx series aluminum alloy welding wire, which comprises the following element components in percentage by mass: si5.5%, fe0.60%, cu0.25%, mn0.15%, mg0.20%, ti0.15%, zn0.15%, sc0.25%, zr0.10%, er0.10%, V0.05%, Y0.05%, and the balance of Al and unavoidable impurity elements; wherein the total mass percent of Sc, er and Y is less than or equal to 0.50%, the total mass percent of Zr and V is less than or equal to 0.50%, the mass ratio of Sc and Er is more than or equal to 2, and the mass ratio of Zr and V is more than or equal to 2, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) And (3) casting: melting an aluminum ingot, a magnesium ingot and a zinc ingot, sequentially adding other intermediate alloys into the melt, then adding a refining agent for refining and degassing, deslagging the melt, and standing the refined melt to obtain an ingot.
(2) Homogenizing and annealing: and carrying out homogenizing annealing on the cooled cast ingot to obtain a cast blank.
(3) Hot extrusion: and extruding and deforming the obtained casting blank to prepare a primary wire blank.
(4) Intermediate annealing: and (3) performing intermediate annealing treatment on the obtained primary wire blank to obtain a fine wire blank, and immediately scraping the fine wire blank.
(5) Drawing and peeling: and (3) carrying out multi-pass drawing on the fine wire blank obtained in the step (4), wherein the die matching reducing gradient of each drawing is smaller than 0.2mm, after the wire with the required specification is manufactured, carrying out final scraping treatment and ultrasonic cleaning, removing oxide films and organic impurities on the surface of the wire, and carrying out vacuum packaging.
In the preparation method, in the step (1), the preparation method further comprises a pretreatment process of polishing oxide skin on the surfaces of the aluminum ingot, the magnesium ingot and the zinc ingot, then cleaning the surfaces by acetone to remove oil stains and impurities, wherein the smelting temperature is 750 ℃, the standing time is 60min, and argon with the purity of more than or equal to 99.999% is adopted for degassing; in the step (2), the homogenizing annealing temperature is 490 ℃ and the time is 12 hours; in the step (3), the extrusion ratio of the extrusion deformation is 60:1, the extrusion speed is 2mm/s, and the extrusion temperature is 450 ℃; in the step (4), after each wire drawing is performed twice, stress relief annealing is performed once, the temperature of the stress relief annealing is 380 ℃, the time of the stress relief annealing is 30 minutes, and meanwhile, the temperature and the time of the stress relief annealing are increased along with the pass; in the step (5), the aluminum alloy wire blank is drawn into a welding wire with the diameter of 0.8 specification, the ultrasonic frequency is 30KHZ, and the water temperature for ultrasonic cleaning is 40 ℃.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a high surface tension 4xxx series aluminum alloy welding wire, which comprises the following element components in percentage by mass: 6.0% of Si, 0.65% of Fe, 0.25% of Cu, 0.15% of Mn, 0.20% of Mg, 0.15% of Ti, 0.15% of Zn, 0.25% of Sc, 0.15% of Zr0.15%, 0.10% of Er, 0.05% of V, 0.05% of Y, and the balance of Al and unavoidable impurity elements; wherein the total mass percent of Sc, er and Y is less than or equal to 0.50%, the total mass percent of Zr and V is less than or equal to 0.50%, the mass ratio of Sc and Er is more than or equal to 2, and the mass ratio of Zr and V is more than or equal to 2, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) And (3) casting: melting an aluminum ingot, a magnesium ingot and a zinc ingot, sequentially adding other intermediate alloys into the melt, then adding a refining agent for refining and degassing, deslagging the melt, and standing the refined melt to obtain an ingot.
(2) Homogenizing and annealing: and carrying out homogenizing annealing on the cooled cast ingot to obtain a cast embryo.
(3) Hot extrusion: and extruding and deforming the obtained casting blank to prepare a primary wire blank.
(4) Intermediate annealing: and (3) performing intermediate annealing treatment on the obtained primary wire blank to obtain a fine wire blank, and immediately scraping the fine wire blank.
(5) Drawing and peeling: and (3) carrying out multi-pass drawing on the fine wire blank obtained in the step (4), wherein the die matching reducing gradient of each drawing is smaller than 0.2mm, after the wire with the required specification is manufactured, carrying out final scraping treatment and ultrasonic cleaning, removing oxide films and organic impurities on the surface of the wire, and carrying out vacuum packaging.
In the preparation method, in the step (1), the preparation method further comprises a pretreatment process of polishing oxide skin on the surfaces of the aluminum ingot, the magnesium ingot and the zinc ingot, then cleaning the surfaces by acetone to remove oil stains and impurities, wherein the smelting temperature is 700 ℃, the standing time is 30min, and argon with the purity of more than or equal to 99.999% is adopted for degassing; in the step (2), the temperature of the homogenizing annealing is 480 ℃ and the time is 16 hours; in the step (3), the extrusion ratio of the extrusion deformation is 50:1, the extrusion speed is 2mm/s, and the extrusion temperature is 430 ℃; in the step (4), after each wire drawing is performed twice, stress relief annealing is performed once, the temperature of the stress relief annealing is 380 ℃, the time of the stress relief annealing is 30 minutes, and meanwhile, the temperature and the time of the stress relief annealing are increased along with the pass; in the step (5), the aluminum alloy wire blank is drawn into a welding wire with the diameter of 1.2 specification, the ultrasonic frequency is 30KHZ, and the water temperature for ultrasonic cleaning is 40 ℃.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a high surface tension 4xxx series aluminum alloy welding wire, which comprises the following element components in percentage by mass: si5.0%, fe0.60%, cu0.25%, mn0.20%, mg0.20%, ti0.15%, zn0.15%, sc0.25%, zr0.15%, er0.10%, V0.06%, Y0.05%, and the balance of Al and unavoidable impurity elements; wherein the total mass percent of Sc, er and Y is less than or equal to 0.50%, the total mass percent of Zr and V is less than or equal to 0.50%, the mass ratio of Sc and Er is more than or equal to 2, and the mass ratio of Zr and V is more than or equal to 2, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) And (3) casting: melting an aluminum ingot, a magnesium ingot and a zinc ingot, sequentially adding other intermediate alloys into the melt, then adding a refining agent for refining and degassing, deslagging the melt, and standing the refined melt to obtain an ingot.
(2) Homogenizing and annealing: and carrying out homogenizing annealing on the cooled cast ingot to obtain a cast embryo.
(3) Hot extrusion: and extruding and deforming the obtained casting blank to prepare a primary wire blank.
(4) Intermediate annealing: and (3) performing intermediate annealing treatment on the obtained primary wire blank to obtain a fine wire blank, and immediately scraping the fine wire blank.
(5) Drawing and peeling: and (3) carrying out multi-pass drawing on the fine wire blank obtained in the step (4), wherein the die matching reducing gradient of each drawing is smaller than 0.2mm, after the wire with the required specification is manufactured, carrying out final scraping treatment and ultrasonic cleaning, removing oxide films and organic impurities on the surface of the wire, and carrying out vacuum packaging.
In the preparation method, in the step (1), the preparation method further comprises a pretreatment process of polishing oxide skin on the surfaces of the aluminum ingot, the magnesium ingot and the zinc ingot, then cleaning the surfaces by acetone to remove oil stains and impurities, wherein the smelting temperature is 750 ℃, the standing time is 40min, and argon with the purity of more than or equal to 99.999% is adopted for degassing; in the step (2), the homogenizing annealing temperature is 490 ℃ and the homogenizing annealing time is 12 hours; in the step (3), the extrusion ratio of the extrusion deformation is 60:1, the extrusion speed is 3mm/s, and the extrusion temperature is 420 ℃; in the step (4), after each wire drawing is performed twice, stress relief annealing is performed once, the temperature of the stress relief annealing is 400 ℃, the time of the stress relief annealing is 40 minutes, and meanwhile, the temperature and the time of the stress relief annealing are increased along with the pass; in the step (5), the aluminum alloy wire blank is drawn into a welding wire with the diameter of 1.6 specification, the ultrasonic frequency is 40KHZ, and the water temperature for ultrasonic cleaning is 45 ℃.
Example 4
The embodiment provides a high surface tension 4xxx series aluminum alloy welding wire, which comprises the following element components in percentage by mass: 6.5% of Si, 0.60% of Fe, 0.25% of Cu, 0.15% of Mn, 0.25% of Mg, 0.15% of Ti, 0.15% of Zn, 0.20% of Sc, 0.12% of Zr0.10% of Er, 0.05% of V, 0.05% of Y, and the balance of Al and unavoidable impurity elements; wherein the total mass percent of Sc, er and Y is less than or equal to 0.50%, the total mass percent of Zr and V is less than or equal to 0.50%, the mass ratio of Sc and Er is more than or equal to 2, and the mass ratio of Zr and V is more than or equal to 2, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) And (3) casting: melting an aluminum ingot, a magnesium ingot and a zinc ingot, sequentially adding other intermediate alloys into the melt, then adding a refining agent for refining and degassing, deslagging the melt, and standing the refined melt to obtain an ingot.
(2) Homogenizing and annealing: and carrying out homogenizing annealing on the cooled cast ingot to obtain a cast embryo.
(3) Hot extrusion: and extruding and deforming the obtained casting blank to prepare a primary wire blank.
(4) Intermediate annealing: and (3) performing intermediate annealing treatment on the obtained primary wire blank to obtain a fine wire blank, and immediately scraping the fine wire blank.
(5) Drawing and peeling: and (3) carrying out multi-pass drawing on the fine wire blank obtained in the step (4), wherein the die matching reducing gradient of each drawing is smaller than 0.2mm, after the wire with the required specification is manufactured, carrying out final scraping treatment and ultrasonic cleaning, removing oxide films and organic impurities on the surface of the wire, and carrying out vacuum packaging.
In the preparation method, in the step (1), the preparation method further comprises a pretreatment process of polishing oxide skin on the surfaces of the aluminum ingot, the magnesium ingot and the zinc ingot, and then cleaning the surfaces with acetone to remove oil stains and impurities, wherein the smelting temperature is 850 ℃, and the standing time is 30 hours; in the step (3), the extrusion ratio of the extrusion deformation is 60:1, the extrusion speed is 2mm/s, and the extrusion temperature is 440 ℃; in the step (4), after each wire drawing is performed twice, stress relief annealing is performed once, the temperature of the stress relief annealing is 380 ℃, the time of the stress relief annealing is 40 minutes, and meanwhile, the temperature and the time of the stress relief annealing are increased along with the pass; in the step (5), the aluminum alloy wire blank is drawn into a welding wire with the diameter of 2.0 specifications, the ultrasonic frequency is 30KHZ, and the water temperature for ultrasonic cleaning is 40 ℃.
Example 5
The embodiment provides a high surface tension 4xxx series aluminum alloy welding wire, which comprises the following element components in percentage by mass: 6.2% of Si, 0.60% of Fe, 0.30% of Cu, 0.20% of Mn, 0.20% of Mg, 0.15% of Ti, 0.15% of Zn, 0.20% of Sc, 0.20% of Zr0.20% of Er, 0.08% of V, 0.05% of Y, and the balance of Al and unavoidable impurity elements; wherein the total mass percent of Sc, er and Y is less than or equal to 0.50%, the total mass percent of Zr and V is less than or equal to 0.50%, the mass ratio of Sc and Er is more than or equal to 2, and the mass ratio of Zr and V is more than or equal to 2, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) And (3) casting: melting an aluminum ingot, a magnesium ingot and a zinc ingot, sequentially adding other intermediate alloys into the melt, then adding a refining agent for refining and degassing, finally deslagging the melt, and standing the melt obtained by refining to obtain an ingot.
(2) Homogenizing and annealing: and carrying out homogenizing annealing on the cooled cast ingot to obtain a cast embryo.
(3) Hot extrusion: and extruding and deforming the obtained casting blank to prepare a primary wire blank.
(4) Intermediate annealing: and (3) performing intermediate annealing treatment on the obtained primary wire blank to obtain a fine wire blank, and immediately scraping the fine wire blank.
(5) Drawing and peeling: and (3) carrying out multi-pass drawing on the fine wire blank obtained in the step (4), wherein the die matching reducing gradient of each drawing is smaller than 0.2mm, after the wire with the required specification is manufactured, carrying out final scraping treatment and ultrasonic cleaning, removing oxide films and organic impurities on the surface of the wire, and carrying out vacuum packaging.
In the preparation method, in the step (1), the preparation method further comprises a pretreatment process of polishing oxide skin on the surfaces of the aluminum ingot, the magnesium ingot and the zinc ingot, then cleaning the surfaces with acetone to remove oil stains and impurities, wherein the smelting temperature is 800 ℃, the standing time is 40min, and argon with the purity of more than or equal to 99.999% is adopted for degassing; in the step (2), the homogenizing annealing temperature is 490 ℃ and the homogenizing annealing time is 12 hours; in the step (3), the extrusion ratio of the extrusion deformation is 60:1, the extrusion speed is 3mm/s, and the extrusion temperature is 460 ℃; in the step (4), after each wire drawing is performed twice, stress relief annealing is performed once, the temperature of the stress relief annealing is 400 ℃, the time of the stress relief annealing is 30 minutes, and meanwhile, the temperature and the time of the stress relief annealing are increased along with the pass; in the step (5), the aluminum alloy wire blank is drawn into a welding wire with the diameter of 2.4 specifications, the ultrasonic frequency is 40KHZ, and the water temperature for ultrasonic cleaning is 40 ℃.
Example 6
The embodiment provides a high surface tension 4xxx series aluminum alloy welding wire, which comprises the following element components in percentage by mass: si5.8%, fe0.70%, cu0.20%, mn0.15%, mg0.20%, ti0.15%, zn0.15%, sc0.20%, zr0.20%, er0.10%, V0.06%, Y0.05%, and the balance of Al and unavoidable impurity elements; wherein the total mass percent of Sc, er and Y is less than or equal to 0.50%, the total mass percent of Zr and V is less than or equal to 0.50%, the mass ratio of Sc and Er is more than or equal to 2, and the mass ratio of Zr and V is more than or equal to 2, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) And (3) casting: melting an aluminum ingot, a magnesium ingot and a zinc ingot, sequentially adding other intermediate alloys into the melt, then adding a refining agent for refining and degassing, deslagging the melt, and standing the refined melt to obtain an ingot.
(2) Homogenizing and annealing: and carrying out homogenizing annealing on the cooled cast ingot to obtain a cast embryo.
(3) Hot extrusion: and extruding and deforming the obtained casting blank to prepare a primary wire blank.
(4) Intermediate annealing: and (3) performing intermediate annealing treatment on the obtained primary wire blank to obtain a fine wire blank, and immediately scraping the fine wire blank.
(5) Drawing and peeling: and (3) carrying out multi-pass drawing on the fine wire blank obtained in the step (4), wherein the die matching reducing gradient of each drawing is smaller than 0.2mm, after the wire with the required specification is manufactured, carrying out final scraping treatment and ultrasonic cleaning, removing oxide films and organic impurities on the surface of the wire, and carrying out vacuum packaging.
In the preparation method, in the step (1), the preparation method further comprises a pretreatment process of polishing oxide skin on the surfaces of the aluminum ingot, the magnesium ingot and the zinc ingot, then cleaning the surfaces with acetone to remove oil stains and impurities, wherein the smelting temperature is 800 ℃, the standing time is 40min, and argon with the purity of more than or equal to 99.999% is adopted for degassing; in the step (2), the homogenizing annealing temperature is 500 ℃ and the homogenizing annealing time is 12 hours; in the step (3), the extrusion ratio of the extrusion deformation is 60:1, the extrusion speed is 2mm/s, and the extrusion temperature is 450 ℃; in the step (4), after each wire drawing is performed twice, stress relief annealing is performed once, the temperature of the stress relief annealing is 380 ℃, the time of the stress relief annealing is 40 minutes, and meanwhile, the temperature and the time of the stress relief annealing are increased along with the pass; in the step (5), the aluminum alloy wire blank is drawn into a welding wire with the diameter of 3.2 specifications, the ultrasonic frequency is 30KHZ, and the water temperature for ultrasonic cleaning is 40 ℃.
The high surface tension 4xxx series aluminum alloy welding wires prepared in examples 1-6 were subjected to performance testing with conventional aluminum alloy welding wires (comparative example 1) and commercially available aluminum alloy welding wires ER4043 (comparative example 2) by GB-T2652-2008 weld and deposited metal tensile test method, GB-T6394-2017 metal average grain size determination method, and the results are shown in Table 1, wherein the standard grain size is 12 in total, coarse grains are 1-4, fine grains are 5-8, and ultrafine grain sizes are 9-12; and (3) testing the wire feeding performance of the robot: the number of times of arc extinction per minute of the welding wire was counted, and 3 times or less was marked as ∈3-5 times was marked as ∈3-7 times was marked as Δ, and 7 times or more was marked as x.
TABLE 1
Examples Yield strength (MPa) Tensile strength (MPa) Elongation (%) Grain size (G) Robot wire feeding
Example 1 288 356 19.2 7 ○
Example 2 282 340 20.1 7 √
Example 3 280 348 19.8 7 √
Example 4 296 366 18.4 7 √
Example 5 285 354 18.8 7 √
Example 6 281 342 20.0 7 √
Comparative example 1 255 320 14.6 5 △
Comparative example 2 243 326 14.2 5 ×
As is clear from Table 1, comparative examples 1 and 2 do not contain Sc, Y, er, zr or other surface active elements, and the aluminum alloy welding wires are inferior to examples 1 to 6 in terms of product yield strength, tensile strength, elongation and the like after arc additive manufacturing. The products of the high surface tension 4xxx series aluminum alloy welding wires prepared in the embodiments 1-6 after arc additive manufacturing have good yield strength, tensile strength and elongation, wherein the tensile strength is more than or equal to 340MPa, the yield strength is more than or equal to 280MPa, the elongation is 18.4% -20.1%, the grain size is 7G, the wire feeding performance of a robot is good, and compared with the existing aluminum alloy material tissue, the grains are finer, and the product meets the light manufacturing and brings better mechanical properties. Therefore, the high surface tension 4xxx series aluminum alloy welding wire provided by the invention is proved to be capable of being applied to arc additive manufacturing parts, particularly to arc additive manufacturing mechanical parts, and has excellent comprehensive performance by reasonably designing and regulating the chemical components of the welding wire and introducing surface active elements to change the influence of the traditional low surface tension on the molten pool forming.
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention and not for limiting the scope of the present invention, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the technical solution of the present invention may be modified or substituted without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. The high-surface-tension 4xxx aluminum alloy welding wire is characterized by comprising the following element components in percentage by mass: 5.0 to 6.5 percent of Si, 0.60 to 0.80 percent of Fe, 0.20 to 0.35 percent of Cu, 0.10 to 0.30 percent of Mn, 0.15 to 0.25 percent of Mg, 0.15 to 0.25 percent of Ti, 0.10 to 0.20 percent of Zn, 0.10 to 0.25 percent of Sc, 0.05 to 0.20 percent of Zr0.01 to 0.10 percent of Er, 0.05 to 0.10 percent of V, 0.05 to 0.10 percent of Y, and the balance of Al and unavoidable impurity elements; wherein Al, mg and Zn are added in the form of cast ingot, and the other elements are added in the form of intermediate alloy for casting, and simultaneously the following conditions are satisfied: the total mass percentage of Sc, er and Y is less than or equal to 0.50%, the total mass percentage of Zr and V is less than or equal to 0.50%, the mass ratio of Sc and Er is more than or equal to 2, and the mass ratio of Zr and V is more than or equal to 2;
the preparation method of the high-surface-tension 4xxx aluminum alloy welding wire comprises the following steps of:
(1) And (3) casting: melting an aluminum ingot, a magnesium ingot and a zinc ingot, sequentially adding other intermediate alloys into the melt, adding a refining agent for refining and degassing, deslagging the melt, standing the refined melt, and cooling to obtain an ingot;
(2) Homogenizing and annealing: homogenizing and annealing the ingot cooled in the step (1) to obtain a cast blank;
(3) Hot extrusion: extruding and deforming the casting blank obtained in the step (2) to prepare a primary wire blank;
(4) Intermediate annealing: performing intermediate annealing treatment on the primary wire blank obtained in the step (3) to prepare a fine wire blank, and immediately scraping the fine wire blank;
(5) Drawing and peeling: and (3) carrying out multi-pass drawing on the fine wire blank obtained in the step (4), wherein the die matching reducing gradient of each drawing is smaller than 0.2mm, after the wire with the required specification is manufactured, carrying out final scraping treatment and ultrasonic cleaning, removing oxide films and organic impurities on the surface of the wire, and carrying out vacuum packaging.
2. The high surface tension 4xxx series aluminum alloy welding wire of claim 1, further comprising a pretreatment step of polishing oxide scale on surfaces of the aluminum ingot, the magnesium ingot, and the zinc ingot, and then cleaning the surfaces with acetone to remove oil stains and impurities.
3. The high surface tension 4xxx series aluminum alloy welding wire of claim 1, wherein in step (1), the melting temperature is 700-850 ℃, the standing time is 30-60min, and an inert shielding gas is used for degassing.
4. The high surface tension 4xxx series aluminum alloy welding wire of claim 1, wherein in step (2), the homogenizing anneal is at a temperature of 480 to 500 ℃ for a time of 12 to 18 hours.
5. The high surface tension 4xxx series aluminum alloy welding wire according to claim 1, wherein in step (3), the extrusion ratio of the extrusion deformation is from 50 to 80:1, the extrusion speed is 1-3mm/s, and the extrusion temperature is 420-460 ℃.
6. The high surface tension 4xxx series aluminum alloy welding wire of claim 1, wherein in step (4), each wire drawing is followed twice by a stress relief anneal at a temperature of 360-400 ℃ for a time of 20-60 minutes while satisfying the temperature and time of the stress relief anneal as the passes are incremented.
7. The high surface tension 4xxx series aluminum alloy wire of claim 1, wherein in step (5), the aluminum alloy wire blank is drawn into a wire having a diameter of from 0.8 to 3.2 gauge.
8. The high surface tension 4xxx series aluminum alloy welding wire of claim 1, wherein in step (5), the ultrasonic frequency is from 20 to 40KHZ and the water temperature of the ultrasonic cleaning is from 35 to 45 ℃.
9. Use of the high surface tension 4xxx series aluminum alloy welding wire of any of claims 1-8 in arc additive manufacturing of aerospace, mechanical, and vehicular marine components.
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