CN114709430A - Application of sweet potato three-dimensional electrode in microbial fuel cell - Google Patents
Application of sweet potato three-dimensional electrode in microbial fuel cell Download PDFInfo
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Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/88—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/8803—Supports for the deposition of the catalytic active composition
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/96—Carbon-based electrodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/16—Biochemical fuel cells, i.e. cells in which microorganisms function as catalysts
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of microbial fuel cell anode materials, and relates to an application of a sweet potato three-dimensional carbon electrode in a microbial fuel cell; the method comprises the following steps: peeling sweet potato, repeatedly cleaning with deionized water to remove surface impurities, cutting sweet potato into blocks, freezing at low temperature, and drying with freeze dryer; placing the dried block material into a tube furnace in N2Carrying out two-step high-temperature carbonization under protection to obtain a sweet potato three-dimensional carbon-based material; and (3) properly cutting the prepared material, and connecting the material by using a titanium wire to obtain the three-dimensional sweet potato carbon electrode. The sweet potato three-dimensional carbon electrode prepared by the invention selects sweet potatoes which are rich in multiple elements and have wide sources as raw materials, has strong hydrophilicity, high mechanical strength, large specific surface area, excellent conductivity and simple preparation processIs simple and environment-friendly. The maximum power density of the microbial fuel cell is 2.53 times that of a common carbon cloth electrode, and the current density of the microbial fuel cell is 2.32 times that of the common carbon cloth electrode.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of microbial fuel cells; relates to an application of a sweet potato three-dimensional carbon electrode in a microbial fuel cell.
Background
Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCs) are a technology that combines waste removal and power generation functions by directly converting waste chemicals into utilizable electric energy using microorganisms as catalysts. Among them, the anode is an important component of microbial fuel cells, and is the habitat of microbes, which directly affects the efficiency of Extracellular Electron Transfer (EET) of bacteria, thereby affecting the electrochemical performance of electrochemical systems. Therefore, an ideal anode material should have a large specific surface area and a porous structure, which can provide more sites for microbial loading, promote rapid diffusion of the media, facilitate substrate transport and waste removal, and prevent clogging. In addition, in order to improve electron transfer efficiency, various metal-based nanomaterials, carbon-based nanomaterials, and the like are used in the MFC, thereby accelerating the electron transfer rate and the EET of the bacteria/electrode interface, and finally, significantly improving the performance of the MFC. However, the complicated and strict preparation process of these carbon-based nanomaterials or metal-based nanomaterials or the high price thereof limits the practical application and popularization of microbial fuel cells. The exploration of cheap, easily available and efficient anode materials is an urgent need for the development of MFC in the future.
Compared with the currently used carbon-based nano materials, the biomass material with the porous structure can be extracted from natural resources, the acquisition cost is low, and the direct carbonization of the biomass material can provide a low-cost and sustainable method for preparing the electrode material. In recent years, loofah sponge, reed, absorbent cotton and other natural substances are made into carbon-based electrodes, biomass materials are gradually considered as promising resources for preparing low-cost three-dimensional carbon-based electrodes, however, at present, the natural materials do not have stable surface three-dimensional macroporous structures, the material strength is low, the electrochemical new energy is limited, and if the electrodes are made into the electrodes, the electrodes have certain limitations when being operated for a long time in sewage treatment of microbial fuel cells.
Sweet potato is one of common grains in daily life, and contains a large amount of starch and trace amounts of protein, grease, cellulose, pectin and other components; after carbonization, some hetero elements can be provided, and the introduction of hetero atoms can change the spin density of the graphite material, thereby influencing the biocompatibility, wettability, charge storage capacity and catalytic activity of the material, further influencing the affinity of the electrode surface for bacteria adhesion, and even influencing the activity of microorganisms, so that the hydrophilicity of the material can be improved. However, no research on the preparation of electrodes from sweet potatoes as biomass materials has been reported.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides application of a sweet potato three-dimensional carbon electrode in a microbial fuel cell, and the prepared sweet potato three-dimensional carbon electrode material can obtain higher performance when being used in the microbial fuel cell.
In order to improve the performance of the MFC, the application steps of the sweet potato three-dimensional electrode in the microbial fuel cell are as follows:
step one, peeling sweet potatoes, repeatedly cleaning the peeled sweet potatoes with deionized water to remove impurities on the surfaces of the sweet potatoes, cutting the sweet potatoes into blocks, freezing the blocks at a low temperature, and drying the blocks with a freeze dryer.
Step two, putting the block materials subjected to drying treatment in the step one into a tube furnace, and putting the block materials into the tube furnace in N2And (4) carrying out high-temperature carbonization under protection to obtain the three-dimensional sweet potato carbon-based material.
And step three, cutting the materials obtained in the step two, and then connecting the materials by using titanium wires to obtain the three-dimensional sweet potato carbon electrode.
And step four, assembling the microbial fuel cell, namely, loading the sweet potato three-dimensional carbon electrode prepared in the step three into the anode chamber to complete the assembly of the microbial fuel cell, externally connecting a resistor with a certain resistance value, operating the microbial fuel cell and monitoring the voltage.
And (3) testing the battery performance: the microbial fuel cell is connected with a data collector, and the voltage is automatically recorded once every 600 seconds. After running for several cycles, when the voltage reaches the maximum stable value, changing the resistance of the external circuit from large to small (2000 omega-50 omega), recording the output voltage, and obtaining a polarization curve and a power density curve.
Further limiting, the low-temperature freezing temperature in the first step is-20 ℃ to 0 ℃.
Further limiting, in the first step, the freeze-drying temperature is-40 ℃ to-10 ℃, and the drying time is 12h to 56 h.
Further limiting, the carbonization in the second step is divided into two stages, the first stage is 200-300 ℃, the heating rate is 6-10 ℃/min, the heat preservation time is 0-1 h, the second stage is 600-1000 ℃, the heating rate is 1-6 ℃/min, and the heat preservation time is 1-3 h.
Further limiting, the electrode material cut in the third step is a block structure with the same mass.
Further limiting, in the fourth step, the microbial fuel cell is a double-chamber cell, the cathode is a carbon brush, the middle part of the cell is separated by an ion exchange membrane 0011, and the effective volume of the cathode and the anode is 60 mL. The external resistor is 1000 omega.
In the experiment, anolyte consisting of PBS, sodium acetate, a biotin solution and a trace element solution is introduced into an anode chamber, catholyte is introduced into a cathode chamber, and the cathode and an anode are connected together through an external resistor.
The carbon brush pretreatment method comprises the following steps: soaking the carbon cloth fiber side of the carbon brush in acetone for 30-35 min, taking out and airing, putting into a tubular furnace, calcining at 250-450 ℃ for 25-40 min, and naturally cooling to room temperature to finish the pretreatment of the carbon brush;
further, the ion exchange membrane 0011 is pretreated by the following steps: cutting the ion exchange membrane 0011 into small pieces, washing the membrane with tap water, soaking the membrane in dilute sulfuric acid with the mass fraction of 3% -5% for about 4 hours, washing the membrane with deionized water, and finally soaking the membrane in the deionized water for 4-5 hours for later use.
Further, the method of disposing the anolyte is as follows: adding 35 mL-70 mL of sodium acetate anhydrous of 50 mg-85 mg, adding 100 mul-500 mul of vitamin solution and 500 mul-650 mul of trace element solution, and fully dissolving.
Further defined, the trace element solution is prepared by the following steps: mixing 1.0-2.0 g of nitrilotriacetic acid, 60-100 mg of ferrous sulfate, 80-100 mg of zinc sulfate, 5-15 mg of copper sulfate, 2-5 mg of magnesium sulfate, 80-150 mg of sodium chloride, 10-30 mg of boric acid, 100-150 mg of cobalt chloride, 5-15 mg of aluminum potassium sulfate, 100-120 mg of calcium chloride, 200-700 mg of molybdenum sulfate and 5-25 mg of sodium molybdate, adding a proper amount of distilled water, fully dissolving, adjusting the pH to 6-8 by using a sodium hydroxide solution, adding the distilled water to a constant volume of 1L, fully mixing uniformly, sterilizing, and sealing.
Further defined, the vitamin solution is formulated as follows: 0.5mg to 1mg of beta-glycerol, 0.5mg to 1mg of folic acid, 1mg to 3mg of pyridoxine hydrochloride (octyl), 1mg to 5mg of thiamine hydrochloride, 1mg to 5mg of riboflavin, 1mg to 5mg of nicotinic acid, 1mg to 5 mgD-calcium pantothenate and 0.02mg to 0.03mg of vitamin B12Mixing 1 mg-5 mg of p-aminobenzoic acid and 1 mg-5 mg of sulfuric acid, adding distilled water to fully dissolve, transferring into a volumetric flask to reach a constant volume of 250mL, uniformly mixing, sterilizing and sealing.
Further defined, the preparation method of the catholyte is as follows: mixing 200-300 mg of potassium chloride and 800-1000 mg of potassium ferricyanide, and adding 50-60 ml of distilled water for full dissolution.
The invention takes a high-temperature carbonized sweet potato three-dimensional carbon material as an anode electrode material, wherein the carbonization is divided into two stages, the first stage is heat preservation for 0-1 h at 200-300 ℃, and the second stage is carbonization for 1-3 h at 600-1000 ℃. The carbonized sweet potatoes have more pore structures and a large number of folds, so that the effective specific surface area of the material is increased, the large pores are favorable for the diffusion of substrates, and the small pores are favorable for the fixation and the reproduction of bacteria, thereby improving the electrochemical performance of the cell.
The single cycle period of the anode electrode prepared by the invention applied to the microbial fuel cell reaches 5.5 days, and the anode electrode is still in a stable state for 60 days;
the sweet potato three-dimensional carbon electrode prepared by the invention has better performance than a common carbon cloth electrode when being used as an anode of a microbial fuel cell, and the maximum power density and the current density which take the volume of an anode solution as a calculation reference are respectively 2.53 times and 2.32 times of those of common carbon cloth.
The anode prepared by the invention has good biocompatibility.
The COD removal rate of the invention reaches 85.18% +/-2.35%.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a scanning electron microscope characterization diagram of the morphology of the sweet potato three-dimensional carbon material prepared in example 1.
Fig. 2 is an XRD analysis pattern of the sweet potato three-dimensional carbon electrode prepared in example 1.
Fig. 3 is a time-output voltage graph of a microbial fuel cell to which the sweet potato three-dimensional carbon electrode prepared in example 1 is applied.
Fig. 4 is a power density curve and a polarization curve of the sweet potato three-dimensional carbon electrode prepared in example 1 applied to a microbial fuel cell and a microbial fuel cell equipped with a common carbon cloth.
FIG. 5 is a scanning electron microscope image of the sweet potato three-dimensional carbon electrode prepared in example 1 after being applied to a microbial fuel cell anode for 30 days and attached with a biofilm.
Detailed Description
Implementation 1:
the application of the sweet potato three-dimensional carbon electrode in the microbial fuel cell in the embodiment is carried out according to the following steps:
peeling sweet potatoes, repeatedly cleaning the peeled sweet potatoes with deionized water, cutting the sweet potatoes into blocks, sealing the blocks with a preservative film, freezing the blocks in a refrigerator at the temperature of-20 ℃ for 12 hours, and drying the blocks in a freeze dryer at the temperature of-40 ℃ for 36 hours;
step two, putting the three-dimensional block-shaped sweet potato material dried in the step one into a tube furnace, and putting the three-dimensional block-shaped sweet potato material into the tube furnace in the presence of N2Under protection, firstly heating to 200 ℃ at a speed of 10 ℃/min, preserving heat for 1h, then heating to 900 ℃ at a heating rate of 5 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 2h to obtain the sweet potato three-dimensional carbon-based material;
and step three, cleaning the material prepared in the step two by using deionized water, cutting the material into a proper size to enable the material to have the same quality, connecting and fixing the material by using a titanium wire to enable the resistance between the material and the titanium wire to be less than 10 omega, and obtaining a sweet potato three-dimensional carbon electrode which is marked as an electrode C1.
The prepared C1 electrode is arranged in an anode chamber, anode solution is added into the anode chamber, and a 1000 omega resistor is externally connected to realize the assembly of the microbial fuel cell; adding catholyte into the cathode chamber, wherein the cathode electrode is a carbon brush; the cathode chamber is separated from the anode chamber by an ion exchange membrane 0011.
The assembled two-chamber microbial fuel cell is connected with a data collector, and voltage data is automatically recorded every 600 s. After running for several cycles, when the voltage reaches the maximum stable value, changing the resistance of the external circuit from large to small (2000 omega-50 omega), recording the output voltage, and obtaining a polarization curve and a power density curve.
Implementation 2:
step one, washing sweet potatoes directly by tap water, then cutting the sweet potatoes, freezing the cut sweet potatoes in a refrigerator at the temperature of minus 20 ℃ for 12 hours, and drying the cut sweet potatoes in a freeze dryer at the temperature of minus 40 ℃ for 48 hours;
step two, putting the sweet potato material dried in the step one into a tube furnace, and putting the sweet potato material into the tube furnace in the presence of N2Heating to 900 ℃ at the heating rate of 5 ℃/min under protection, and keeping the temperature for 3 hours to obtain the sweet potato three-dimensional carbon-based material;
and step three, washing the material prepared in the step two with deionized water, connecting and fixing the material with a titanium wire, and enabling the resistance between the material and the titanium wire to be less than 10 omega to obtain a sweet potato three-dimensional carbon electrode which is marked as an electrode C2.
The prepared C2 electrode is arranged in an anode chamber, anode solution is added into the anode chamber, and a 1000 omega resistor is externally connected to realize the assembly of the microbial fuel cell; adding catholyte into the cathode chamber, wherein the cathode electrode is a carbon brush; the cathode chamber is separated from the anode chamber by an ion exchange membrane 0011.
And connecting the assembled double-chamber microbial fuel cell with a data collector, automatically recording voltage data once every 600s, and automatically storing the voltage data in a computer.
Implementation 3:
firstly, directly washing sweet potatoes by tap water, then cutting the sweet potatoes into small blocks, freezing the small blocks in a refrigerator at the temperature of-20 ℃ for 24 hours, and drying the small blocks in a freeze dryer at the temperature of-40 ℃ for 36 hours;
step two, putting the sweet potato material dried in the step one into a tube furnace, and putting the sweet potato material into the tube furnace in N2Under protection, firstly heating to 300 ℃ at a heating rate of 10 ℃/min, keeping the temperature for 1h, then heating to 700 ℃ at a heating rate of 5 ℃/min, keeping the temperature for 2h, heating to 700 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 3h to obtain the sweet potato three-dimensional carbon-based material;
and step three, washing the material prepared in the step two by using deionized water, connecting and fixing the material by using a titanium wire, and enabling the resistance between the material and the titanium wire to be less than 10 omega to obtain a sweet potato three-dimensional carbon electrode, which is marked as an electrode C3.
The prepared C3 electrode is arranged in an anode chamber, anode solution is added into the anode chamber, and the anode chamber is externally connected with a 1000 omega resistor, so that the assembly of the microbial fuel cell is realized; adding catholyte into the cathode chamber, wherein the cathode electrode is a carbon brush; the cathode chamber is separated from the anode chamber by an ion exchange membrane 0011.
And connecting the assembled double-chamber microbial fuel cell with a data collector, automatically recording voltage data once every 600s, and automatically storing the voltage data in a computer.
The processing method of the materials required in the above embodiment is as follows:
pretreatment of the carbon brush: and (3) putting the carbon cloth fiber side of the carbon brush downwards into a 500mL beaker, adding 450mL of acetone, soaking for 32min, taking out, airing, putting into a tube furnace, calcining for 30min at 350 ℃, naturally cooling to room temperature, taking out, putting into the 500mL beaker, and sealing with a sealing film for later use.
Pretreatment method of ion exchange membrane 0011: cutting the ion exchange membrane 0011 into a circle with the diameter of about 4cm, cleaning the cut ion exchange membrane 0011 by using tap water, then placing the ion exchange membrane in a beaker, soaking the ion exchange membrane in dilute sulfuric acid with the mass fraction of 4% for 4 hours at normal temperature, cleaning the membrane by using deionized water until the pH value is neutral, finally placing the membrane in the deionized water for soaking for 4 hours for later use, wherein the membrane cannot be treated by using hydrogen peroxide in the whole treatment process.
The anode solution comprises PBS, trace elements, vitamins and sodium acetate.
Wherein, the formula of the microelement solution is as follows: 0.75g of nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) and 50mg of zinc sulfate (ZnSO) were precisely weighed4·7H2O), 1.5mg magnesium sulfate (MgSO)4·7H2O), 5mg copper sulfate (CuSO)4·5H2O), 250mg molybdenum sulfate (MuSO)4·H2O), 5mg of aluminum potassium sulfate (AlK (SO)4)2·12H2O), 50mg of sodium chloride (NaCl), 5mg of boric acid (H)3BO3) 50mg of ferrous sulfate (FeSO)4·7H2O), 50mg of cobalt chloride (CoCl)2·7H2O), 50mg calcium chloride (CaCl)2) And 5mg of sodium molybdate (Na)2MoO4·2H2O) in a 250mL beaker, add the appropriate amount of distilled water and stir well, if there is ultrasonic sound to dissolve it completely, adjust the pH to 8 with 2mol/L sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution, move to a 500mL volumetric flask and add water to the mark line. After mixing, the mixture was transferred to three 250mL conical flasks and sealed, and sterilized in a sterilizer.
The trace element solution: precisely weighed 0.5mg of beta-glycerol, 0.5mg of folic acid, 2.5mg of pyridoxine hydrochloride (octyl), 1.25mg of thiamine hydrochloride, 1.25mg of riboflavin, 1.25mg of nicotinic acid (nicotinic acid), 1.25mg of calcium pantothenate, 0.025mg of vitamin B121.25mg p-aminobenzoic acid and 1.25mg zinc sulfate in a 100mL beaker, adding a proper amount of distilled water and stirring uniformly, if undissolved ultrasonic waves are generated until all the materials are dissolved, moving the beaker to a 250mL volumetric flask and adding water to the marked line. After mixing, the mixture was transferred to two 250mL conical flasks and sealed, and sterilized in a sterilizer.
The formula of the catholyte is as follows: 223.5mg of potassium chloride (KCl) and 984mg of potassium ferricyanide (K) were precisely weighed3[Fe(CN)6]) In a 100mL beaker, 60mL of distilled water was added and dissolved by sonication.
The formula of the anolyte is as follows: 80mg of anhydrous sodium acetate (CH) was precisely weighed3COONa) in a 100mL beaker, 60mL of LPBS solution was added, and 200. mu.L of trace elements and 500. mu.L of vitamins were taken and dissolved by sonication.
Cutting a small piece of the prepared electrode material, testing by a scanning electron microscope and XRD (X-ray diffraction), recording the output voltage of the cell after the assembly of the microbial fuel cell is completed, and drawing a time-voltage diagram of the cell; when the battery reaches the maximum voltage and is stable for several periods, the resistance value is changed within the range of 2000 omega-50 omega, the voltage value is recorded, and the power density and the current density are calculated, so that a polarization curve and a power density curve are obtained.
The effect of the invention is demonstrated as follows:
measurement of COD
And when the microbial fuel cell stably operates for a plurality of periods, respectively collecting the inlet water and the outlet water of the anolyte for COD test. When the output voltage of the battery is reduced to about 50mV, about 40mL of fresh anode solution is added under the condition that about 20mL of solution is remained in the anode measuring container, and 5mL of fresh anode solution is taken out from the anode solution as inlet water; after the battery was stably operated one after the anolyte was replaced, 5mL of effluent was taken out as COD. After the inlet water and the outlet water are taken out, the mixture is centrifuged for 10min at 8000r/min and then filtered by a filter membrane of 0.45 mu m, and the filtrate can be directly tested for COD. The invention uses a COD analyzer produced by HACH company for testing, in order to prevent over-range, the inlet water is diluted by 4 times, 2mL of diluted inlet water is absorbed and added into a digestion tube, then 2mL of outlet water is absorbed and added into another digestion tube, another digestion tube is taken and added with 2mL of deionized water as a blank sample, the digestion tubes are inverted up and down for several times after the inlet water and the outlet water are added, and then the prepared digestion tubes are placed into a DRB200 for digestion for 2 hours at 150 ℃. And after the temperature of the battery is reduced to room temperature, performing comparison analysis by using a DR3900 spectrophotometer, zeroing by using a blank sample before analysis, and then recording COD values of inlet water and outlet water respectively so as to calculate the COD removal rate of the battery in a complete period. The calculation formula is as follows:
the COD removal rate measured by the method is 85.18 +/-2.35%, which shows that the assembled microbial fuel cell has certain degradation capability on organic matters in the wastewater.
Fig. 1 is a scanning electron microscope characterization diagram of the morphology of the sweet potato three-dimensional carbon material prepared in example 1, and it can be seen from the diagram that the material has a unique pore structure, and carbonization causes a large number of wrinkles in the material, increases roughness, and increases the specific surface area of the material, thereby facilitating the attachment and propagation of electrogenic bacteria.
Fig. 2 is an XRD analysis diagram of the sweet potato three-dimensional carbon electrode C1 prepared in example 1, from which it can be seen that the material has two distinct characteristic peaks corresponding to (002) and (100) crystal planes of carbon, respectively, which illustrates that the graphitization degree of the material under the high temperature carbonization condition is high, carbon atoms are regularly arranged, and the electrode conductivity is improved.
Fig. 3 is a time output voltage graph of a microbial fuel cell to which the sweet potato three-dimensional carbon electrode C1 prepared in example 1 is applied, and it can be seen from the graph that the start-up time of the electrode-prepared cell is short, a single cycle can reach 5.5 days, the maximum voltage is 0.614V, and the cycle is stable in long-term operation of 60 days.
FIG. 4 is a power density curve and a polarization curve chart of the sweet potato three-dimensional carbon electrode C1 prepared in example 1 applied to a microbial fuel cell and a microbial fuel cell equipped with a common carbon cloth, the calculation is based on the volume (60mL) of an anode solution, and the maximum power density of the prepared sweet potato three-dimensional electrode C1 is 12.74W/m3Is a common carbon cloth electrode (5.03W/m)3) 2.53 times of the total current, and the maximum current density is 34.25A/m3Is a common carbon cloth electrode (14.79A/m)3) 2.32 times of
FIG. 5 is a scanning electron microscope image of the three-dimensional carbon electrode C1 of sweet potato prepared in example 1 after being applied to the anode of the microbial fuel cell and cultured for 30 days, after a biofilm is attached, the rod-shaped electrogenic bacteria can be uniformly grown on the surface of the electrode, and are grown in a monolayer without dense accumulation, so that the substrate is spread enough to support the growth of the bacteria.
Claims (8)
1. The application of the sweet potato three-dimensional carbon electrode in the microbial fuel cell comprises the following steps:
step one, peeling sweet potatoes, repeatedly cleaning the peeled sweet potatoes with deionized water to remove surface impurities, cutting the sweet potatoes into blocks, freezing the blocks at a low temperature, and drying the blocks with a freeze dryer;
step two, putting the block material dried in the step one into a tube furnace, and adding N2Carrying out high-temperature carbonization under protection to obtain a three-dimensional sweet potato carbon-based material;
step three, properly cutting the materials obtained in the step two, and then connecting the materials by using titanium wires to obtain a three-dimensional sweet potato carbon electrode;
and step four, assembling the microbial fuel cell, namely, loading the sweet potato three-dimensional carbon electrode prepared in the step three into the anode chamber to complete the assembly of the microbial fuel cell, externally connecting a resistor with a certain resistance value, operating the microbial fuel cell and monitoring the voltage.
2. The application of the sweet potato three-dimensional carbon electrode in the microbial fuel cell as described in claim 1, wherein the low-temperature freezing temperature in the step one is-20 ℃ to 0 ℃.
3. The application of the sweet potato three-dimensional carbon electrode in the microbial fuel cell as described in claim 1, wherein the freeze-drying temperature in the first step is-40 ℃ to-10 ℃, and the drying time is 12h to 56 h.
4. The application of the sweet potato three-dimensional carbon electrode in the microbial fuel cell as described in claim 1, wherein the carbonization in the second step is divided into two stages, the first stage is 200-300 ℃, the temperature rise rate is 6-10 ℃/min, the heat preservation time is 0-1 h, the second stage is 600-1000 ℃, the temperature rise rate is 1-6 ℃/min, and the heat preservation time is 1-3 h.
5. The application of the sweet potato three-dimensional carbon electrode in the microbial fuel cell as described in claim 1, wherein the materials cut in the third step are equal in mass and unlimited in volume.
6. The application of the sweet potato three-dimensional carbon electrode in the microbial fuel cell as described in claim 1, wherein the microbial fuel cell assembled in the fourth step is a dual-chamber cell, the external resistance is 1000 Ω, the ion exchange membrane 0011 is used in the middle, and the effective volume of the cathode and the anode is 60 mL.
7. The three-dimensional carbon electrode made of sweet potatoes according to any one of claims 1 to 5 is applied to a microbial fuel cell.
8. The microbial fuel cell assembled in claim 6 is applied in organic wastewater treatment.
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