CN114706215A - Zoom optical system construction method for reducing temperature focusing frequency - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention belongs to a method for constructing a zoom optical system, which aims to solve the technical problems that the prior optical passive athermalized zoom system has high design difficulty, complicated design, a large number of lenses, a very complex optical system structure and can not meet the requirements of the compact and miniaturized design of the zoom system, and the traditional zoom system needs frequent and multiple times of focusing in the whole zooming process when the environmental temperature changes, and provides a method for constructing a zoom optical system for reducing the temperature focusing frequency, wherein the method comprises the steps of adjusting the optical parameters of the initial structure of the zoom optical system, and/or adjusting the optical structures of all components of the zoom optical system, and/or adjusting the initial structure of the zoom optical system, judging whether a front fixed group is a focusing group, judging whether the numerical value of a short focus at the same temperature meets the preset requirement after MTF of a long focus is adjusted, judging whether the difference value of the long focus focusing quantity and the short focus focusing quantity is within the preset difference value, and analyzing and adjusting a zoom component which has the largest influence on the short-focus imaging quality in the zoom optical system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to a zoom optical system construction method, and particularly relates to a zoom optical system construction method for reducing temperature focusing frequency.
Background
With the development of modern society and the progress of science and technology, continuous zoom optical systems have been widely used in various aspects of life, such as the fields of security, monitoring, skynet, traffic, safety production, forest fire prevention, and the like. People have higher and higher requirements and expectations for zoom lenses, and the zoom lens system is required to have functions or performances of large zoom ratio, compact structure, small size, convenience in use and the like.
The application of the zoom lens has been in history for decades, but the traditional large zoom ratio long-focus zoom system is huge in size, more importantly, when the ambient temperature changes, the whole zoom process cannot be consistent and clear in imaging, the focus needs to be frequently adjusted at different focus positions, the operation and the use of a user are not facilitated, the requirements of quick focusing and clear imaging cannot be met, and the target loss can be caused in serious cases. An optical passive athermal zoom system is considered to solve the problem, but the design difficulty is large, the design is tedious, the number of lenses is large, and the structure of the optical system is very complex. Compared with the common zoom system, the external dimension, the volume and the weight of the zoom system are all increased sharply, and the design requirements of the zoom system on compactness and miniaturization cannot be met.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a zoom optical system construction method for reducing temperature focusing frequency, aiming at solving the technical problems that the existing optical passive athermal zoom system has high design difficulty, complex design, more lenses, very complex optical system structure, incapability of meeting the design requirements of compactness and miniaturization of the zoom system and the traditional zoom system needs frequent and multiple times of focusing in the whole zooming process when the environmental temperature changes.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme to realize the purpose:
a construction method of a zoom optical system for reducing temperature focusing frequency is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, adjusting the optical parameters of the initial structure of the zooming optical system, and/or adjusting the optical structure of each group of elements of the zooming optical system, and/or adjusting the initial structure of the zooming optical system until the MTF value of the transfer function of the zooming optical system meets the preset requirement;
s2, judging whether the front fixed group is a focusing group, if yes, executing the step S3; otherwise, go to step S4;
s3, judging whether the MTF value of the short focus at the same temperature meets the preset requirement after the long focus is focused according to the long focus temperature characteristic of the zoom optical system, if so, completing the construction of the zoom optical system; otherwise, go to step S5;
s4, judging whether the difference value of the long-focus focusing amount and the short-focus focusing amount is within the preset difference value according to the long-focus and short-focus temperature characteristics of the zoom optical system; if yes, the zoom optical system is constructed; otherwise, go to step S5;
and S5, analyzing the zoom component with the largest influence on the short-focus imaging quality in the zoom optical system, adjusting the lens of the zoom component, and returning to the step S1 until the zoom optical system is constructed.
Further, in step S1, the initial structure optical parameters of the zoom optical system include a curvature radius, an optical material, a thickness of each group of the lenses, and an optical interval.
Further, in step S5, the adjusting the lens of the zoom component is to replace the optical material of the lens in the zoom component.
Further, in step S5, the optical material for replacing the inner lens of the zoom component is specifically:
replacing the optical material of the lens with a material with a higher linear expansion coefficient, or replacing the optical material of the lens with a material with a higher temperature refractive index coefficient;
when the optical material of the lens is replaced, the optical material of the sensitive lens in the zoom component is replaced, and then the optical material of other lenses in the zoom component is replaced.
Further, in step S5, the optical material for replacing the inner lens of the zoom component is specifically:
replacing the optical material of the lens with a material with a smaller linear expansion coefficient, or replacing the optical material of the lens with a material with a smaller temperature refractive index coefficient;
when the optical material of the lens is replaced, the optical material of the sensitive lens in the zoom component is replaced, and then the optical material of other lenses in the zoom component is replaced.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the construction method of the zoom optical system for reducing the temperature focusing frequency starts from the original source of the optical system, and in the construction process, the long-focus and short-focus temperature characteristics of the zoom optical system are analyzed, the image quality sensitive lens is reasonably selected and controlled, so that the difference value of the focusing amounts of the long focus and the short focus positions of the zoom optical system is within the preset difference value at different temperatures, and the zoom can be ensured to be consistent and clear to image in the whole zooming process only by focusing at the long focus position once at any temperature within the working temperature range.
2. The construction method of the invention has no limitation on the position of the focusing group in the zooming optical system, and has strong universality and good applicability.
3. Compared with the traditional zooming optical system, the zooming optical system obtained by adopting the construction method of the invention not only reduces the focusing frequency, but also ensures that the overall dimension, the volume and the weight of the zooming optical system have no obvious change, thereby being beneficial to realizing the compact and miniaturized design of the zooming optical system.
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FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart illustrating a method for constructing a zoom optical system with reduced temperature focusing frequency according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a short-focus optical path structure of a zoom optical system constructed according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a structure of a tele optical path of a zoom optical system constructed according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is an MTF graph of each zoom position in the whole zoom process after the zoom optical system focuses in a long focus and when other focal length positions do not focus in the embodiment of the present invention; wherein (a) is an MTF pattern of a long focus, (b) is an MTF pattern of a middle focus, and (c) is an MTF pattern of a short focus;
FIG. 5 is an MTF diagram of each zoom position in the whole zoom process when the other focus positions are not focused after the zoom system focuses in a long focus in the embodiment of the present invention; wherein (a) is an MTF pattern in the long focus, (b) is an MTF pattern in the middle focus, and (c) is an MTF pattern in the short focus.
Wherein: 1-front fixed group, 2-focusing group, 3-zooming group, 4-compensation group and 5-rear fixed group.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. The components of embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.
The invention provides a method for constructing a zoom optical system capable of reducing temperature focusing frequency, aiming at the technical problems that the whole zooming process of the traditional zoom optical system cannot be uniformly and clearly imaged and needs frequent and multiple focusing and the like when the environmental temperature changes, in the construction process, by analyzing the long-focus and short-focus temperature characteristics of the zoom optical system, optical materials of an image quality sensitive lens are reasonably selected and controlled, so that the focusing amount difference value of the long-focus and short-focus positions of the zoom optical system is within a preset difference value at different temperatures, or the defocusing amount of an image surface caused by long-focus focusing is within a short-focus depth range, any temperature within a working temperature range only needs to be focused once at the long-focus position, the uniform and clear imaging of the whole zooming process can be ensured, and the problems that the whole zooming process cannot be uniformly and clearly imaged and needs frequent and multiple focusing when the environmental temperature changes of the traditional zoom optical system are solved, the operation and the use of a user are convenient, and the rapid focusing is facilitated.
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the zoom optical system is provided with a front fixed group 1, a focus group 2, a zoom group 3, a compensation group 4, and a rear fixed group 5 in this order from left to right along the optical axis. The left side of the front fixed group 1 is an object plane, the right side of the rear fixed group 5 is an image plane, and the zoom group 3 and the compensation group 4 move back and forth relatively in the optical axis direction to achieve continuous zooming and compensation. The focusing group 2 of the zooming optical system is positioned in the middle of the zooming optical system, and the focusing cam curve can move left and right along the optical axis under the driving of the motor, so that focusing compensation is realized.
As shown in fig. 1, the following steps are specific steps of the method for constructing a zoom optical system for reducing temperature focusing frequency according to the present invention:
s1, optimizing the imaging quality of the zoom optical system
And adjusting the optical parameters of the initial structure of the zooming optical system, and/or adjusting the optical structures of all the components of the zooming optical system, and/or adjusting the initial structure of the zooming optical system until the MTF value of the transfer function of the zooming optical system meets the preset requirement.
Generally, according to the prior art, an appropriate initial structure of the zoom optical system is selected as required, optical parameters of the initial structure, such as a curvature radius, an optical material, thicknesses of each group of lenses, an optical interval and other information, are input into optical design software CODEV or ZEMAX, basic parameters of the zoom optical system to be designed, such as a relative aperture, a spectral range, a field angle and the like, are set, the curvature radius of the optical lens, the optical material, the lens thickness, the optical interval and the like in the initial structure are optimized, requirements of the designed zoom optical system on the optical parameters, such as a focal length, a zoom ratio, a field of view and the like, are met, and good imaging quality of the zoom optical system is ensured. In the optimization process, measures such as modifying optical structures of all components (including a front fixed group 1 or a focusing group 2, a zooming group 3, a compensation group 4, a rear fixed group 5 and the like) of the zooming optical system can be taken by increasing the number of the lenses, and the initial structure of the zooming optical system is optimized until the imaging quality of the zooming optical system, namely the MTF value of the transfer function of the zooming optical system meets the preset requirement.
The imaging quality of the zoom optical system is optimized, and the method is mainly used for achieving the zoom optical system within a limited volume envelope, achieving good imaging quality, and meeting the requirements of MTF and other relevant performance indexes.
S2, confirming whether the front fixed group 1 is a focusing group, if yes, continuing to execute the step S3; otherwise, continue to step S4;
s3, analyzing the long-focus temperature characteristic of the zoom optical system, confirming whether the MTF of the short focus at the temperature meets the preset requirement after long-focus focusing, and if so, finishing the design of the zoom system; otherwise, continue to execute S5;
s4, analyzing the long-focus and short-focus temperature characteristics of the zoom optical system, and determining whether the difference value of the long-focus focusing amount and the short-focus focusing amount is within a preset difference value; if yes, the design of the zoom system is finished; otherwise, continue to step S5; the preset difference value is set according to actual needs, and the preset difference value mainly depends on whether the short-focus imaging MTF can meet the requirements of practical application after the zoom system focuses according to the long-focus focusing amount.
S5, analyzing the zoom component with the largest influence on short-focus imaging quality in the zoom system, replacing the optical material of the lens in the zoom component, preferentially replacing the sensitive lens therein, or replacing other lenses except the sensitive lens, and returning to the step S1 until the zoom optical system is constructed. There are two specific ways to replace the optical material of the sensitive lens or other lenses: 1) replacing the common optical material used by the sensitive lens or other lenses with a material with a large linear expansion coefficient or a material with a large temperature refractive index coefficient; 2) the material with large linear expansion coefficient or the optical material with large temperature refractive index coefficient used by the sensitive lens or other lenses is replaced by the ordinary optical material with small linear expansion coefficient and small temperature refractive index coefficient.
The construction method of the zoom optical system for reducing the temperature focusing frequency of the invention is verified as follows:
in one implementation of the invention, the focal length of the zoom optical system is 250mm-700mm, the working wavelength band is 450nm-656nm, the resolution of the detector is 752 × 582, the pixel size is 8.6um × 8.6um, the tele aperture is F6, and the working temperature range is-40 ℃ to +60 ℃.
The zoom optical system has the structure shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, and is composed of a front fixing group 1, a middle fixing group (focusing group 2), a zooming group 3, a compensation group 4, and a rear fixing group 5. The aperture diaphragm is positioned at the primary mirror, and the primary mirror and the secondary mirror of the optical system both adopt a Mangin mirror to eliminate spherical aberration and chromatic aberration in order to reduce cost.
In this embodiment, the front fixed group 1 is not a focusing group, the focusing group is located in the middle of the zoom optical system, and in the initial stage of design, after temperature analysis, the focusing amounts of the long focus and the short focus are unequal, and the focusing amounts of the short focus and the long focus have large deviation, so that the short focus imaging quality MTF cannot meet the requirements. The influence of the rear fixed group 5 on the short-focus image quality and the short-focus temperature characteristic is most obvious through analysis, and the optical material HZPK1A with a larger temperature refractive index coefficient and a larger linear expansion coefficient is introduced into the lens material of the rear fixed group 5 during design, so that the defocusing of the image plane of the reflector group caused by the temperature change is compensated while the imaging quality and the short-focus temperature characteristic are considered.
The optical materials of the lens in the rear fixed group 5 are H-LAF3B, H-ZF88, HZPK1A, H-ZF2, H-LAF3B and H-ZF88 in sequence.
The linear expansion coefficient and the temperature refractive index coefficient of HZPK1A are larger than those of common colorless glass and are respectively 9.9 multiplied by 10-6And the dn/dt temperature coefficient is-3.4X 10-6(-40℃，e-line)，-3.0×10-6(+60℃，e-line)。
Of course, other materials such as HFK61, HFK71, HZPK3A, HZPK5, etc. may be selected for optical materials having a large coefficient of linear expansion or a large temperature index of refraction dn/dt, depending on the imaging quality of the system.
In this embodiment, the catadioptric zoom optical system performs temperature focusing by using the middle fixing group. All structural member materials were aluminum alloy LY 12. Tables 1-2 show the amount of focus adjustment of the zoom optical system at different temperatures (-40 ℃ to +60 ℃).
TABLE 1 tele position focusing scale
TABLE 2 short focal length focusing scale
In tables 1 and 2, "+" indicates the direction of the focusing lens assembly approaching the detector.
In the embodiment, at-40 ℃ to +60 ℃, the long-focus focusing amount is equivalent to the short-focus focusing amount, after focusing is performed according to the long-focus focusing amount, the out-of-focus residual error of the short focus caused by over-focusing is smaller than the short-focus depth of focus, the short-focus imaging quality of the zooming system is good, namely, the zooming optical system only needs to focus once at the long-focus position, so that the consistent and clear imaging of the zooming whole course can be ensured, and the problem that the zooming whole course cannot be consistent and clear imaging and frequent and multiple focusing is needed when the ambient temperature of the traditional zooming system changes is solved.
In fig. 4, (a), (b), and (c) are temperature-40 ℃, focusing amount +1.44mm, only focusing in long focus, not focusing in other focal length positions, and after the zoom system focuses in long focus, MTF images in other zoom positions in the whole zoom process, (a) is an MTF image in long focus, (b) is an MTF image in middle focus, and (c) is an MTF image in short focus. In fig. 5, (a), (b), and (c) are temperature +60 ℃, focusing amount is-0.972 mm, only focusing is performed in a long focus, other focal length positions are not focused, and after the zoom system focuses in a long focus, the MTFs in other zoom positions in the whole zoom process are shown as (a), (b), and (c).
The zoom optical system design parameters in this embodiment are shown in table 3:
TABLE 3 zoom optical system design parameter Table
| Serial number | Radius R | Center thickness d | Refractive index n |
| 1 | -1651 | 11 | 1.75 |
| 2 | -400 | 113.3 | |
| Diaphragm | -160 | 11.5 | 1.90 |
| 4 | -245.9 | -11.5 | 1.90 |
| 5 | -160 | -96.3 | |
| 6 | -40.6 | -5 | 1.65 |
| 7 | -63.1 | 5 | 1.65 |
| 8 | -40.6 | 120.9 | |
| 9 | -105 | 23.4 | 1.90 |
| 10 | -40.2 | 0.2 | |
| 11 | 26.0 | 8.6 | 1.90 |
| 12 | 62.4 | 6.4 | 1.95 |
| 13 | 18.3 | S13 | |
| 14 | 63.2 | 1.5 | 1.95 |
| 15 | 19.8 | 1.6 | |
| 16 | 22.6 | 5.3 | 1.91 |
| 17 | -57.2 | S17 | |
| 18 | -29.3 | 1.5 | 1.49 |
| 19 | 22.6 | 4.1 | |
| 20 | -27.7 | 6.1 | 1.61 |
| 21 | 39.9 | 5.6 | 1.91 |
| 22 | -48.6 | S22 | |
| 23 | -116.1 | 3.5 | 1.74 |
| 24 | -47.5 | 0.2 | |
| 25 | 61.7 | 2.5 | 1.95 |
| 26 | 34.7 | 10.7 | 1.62 |
| 27 | -39.6 | 1.9 | |
| 28 | -34.7 | 2 | 1.67 |
| 29 | -130.3 | 0.2 | |
| 30 | 26.9 | 9.7 | 1.74 |
| 31 | 57.8 | 0.2 | |
| 32 | 20.6 | 11 | 1.95 |
| 33 | 9.7 | 3.6 | |
| 34 | ∞ | 1.1 | 1.52 |
| 35 | ∞ | 12 |
In the column of the central thickness, S13, S17 and S22 are all variable intervals, the variation range of S13 is 24.8mm-9.0mm, the variation range of S17 is 2.8mm-45.6mm, and the variation range of S22 is 30mm-2.9 mm.
The present invention has been described in terms of the preferred embodiment, and it is not intended to be limited to the embodiment. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A zoom optical system construction method for reducing temperature focusing frequency is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, adjusting the optical parameters of the initial structure of the zooming optical system, and/or adjusting the optical structure of each group of elements of the zooming optical system, and/or adjusting the initial structure of the zooming optical system until the MTF value of the transfer function of the zooming optical system meets the preset requirement;
s2, judging whether the front fixed group is a focusing group, if yes, executing the step S3; otherwise, go to step S4;
s3, judging whether the MTF value of the short focus at the same temperature meets the preset requirement after the long focus is focused according to the long focus temperature characteristic of the zoom optical system, if so, completing the construction of the zoom optical system; otherwise, go to step S5;
s4, judging whether the difference value of the long-focus focusing amount and the short-focus focusing amount is within the preset difference value according to the long-focus and short-focus temperature characteristics of the zoom optical system; if yes, the zoom optical system is constructed; otherwise, go to step S5;
and S5, analyzing the zoom component with the largest influence on the short-focus imaging quality in the zoom optical system, adjusting the lens of the zoom component, and returning to the step S1 until the zoom optical system is constructed.
2. A method of constructing a zoom optical system for reducing temperature focusing frequency according to claim 1, wherein: in step S1, the optical parameters of the initial structure of the zoom optical system include curvature radius, optical material, thickness of each group of element lenses and optical spacing.
3. A method of constructing a zoom optical system for reducing the frequency of temperature focusing as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein: in step S5, the adjusting the lens of the zoom component is specifically to replace the optical material of the lens in the zoom component.
4. A method as claimed in claim 3, wherein in step S5, the step of replacing the optical material of the lenses in the zoom component is as follows:
replacing the optical material of the lens with a material with a higher linear expansion coefficient, or replacing the optical material of the lens with a material with a higher temperature refractive index coefficient;
when the optical material of the lens is replaced, the optical material of the sensitive lens in the zoom component is replaced, and then the optical material of other lenses in the zoom component is replaced.
5. A method as claimed in claim 3, wherein in step S5, the optical material of the lens in the zoom component is replaced by:
replacing the optical material of the lens with a material with a smaller linear expansion coefficient, or replacing the optical material of the lens with a material with a smaller temperature refractive index coefficient;
when the optical material of the lens is replaced, the optical material of the sensitive lens in the zoom component is replaced, and then the optical material of other lenses in the zoom component is replaced.
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| CN110989150A (en) * | 2019-12-27 | 2020-04-10 | 中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所 | Large-zoom-ratio optical passive semi-athermal zoom optical system |
| CN111650746A (en) * | 2020-05-11 | 2020-09-11 | 中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所 | Method for improving focusing precision of zoom optical system |
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| CN106773104A (en) * | 2016-12-26 | 2017-05-31 | 云南北方驰宏光电有限公司 | A kind of online quick compensation debugging device of LONG WAVE INFRARED continuous vari-focus and method |
| CN106990517A (en) * | 2017-05-22 | 2017-07-28 | 凯迈（洛阳）测控有限公司 | A kind of object lens of large relative aperture long-focus uncooled ir is without thermalization optical system |
| CN109597187A (en) * | 2018-12-24 | 2019-04-09 | 中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所 | A kind of large-aperture long-focus is passively without thermalization visible light optical system |
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| CN111650746A (en) * | 2020-05-11 | 2020-09-11 | 中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所 | Method for improving focusing precision of zoom optical system |
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