CN114702968A - Integrated small experimental coke oven for preparing coke by lifting at bottom and operation method thereof - Google Patents
Integrated small experimental coke oven for preparing coke by lifting at bottom and operation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114702968A CN114702968A CN202210213052.1A CN202210213052A CN114702968A CN 114702968 A CN114702968 A CN 114702968A CN 202210213052 A CN202210213052 A CN 202210213052A CN 114702968 A CN114702968 A CN 114702968A
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- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 113
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 132
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 73
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 238000004939 coking Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical group [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003034 coal gas Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009692 water atomization Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000003028 elevating effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002802 bituminous coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005255 carburizing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B15/00—Other coke ovens
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B57/00—Other carbonising or coking processes; Features of destructive distillation processes in general
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D21/00—Measuring or testing not otherwise provided for
- G01D21/02—Measuring two or more variables by means not covered by a single other subclass
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
- G01N1/22—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state
- G01N1/2226—Sampling from a closed space, e.g. food package, head space
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/02—Food
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
- G01N1/22—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state
- G01N1/2226—Sampling from a closed space, e.g. food package, head space
- G01N2001/2229—Headspace sampling, i.e. vapour over liquid
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- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
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- Immunology (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention relates to a small-sized experimental coke oven for preparing coke by integral bottom lifting and an operation method thereof, wherein the experimental coke oven comprises a heating furnace, a reactor, an oven bottom lifting device, an oven bottom transverse moving device, a cooling box, an exhaust hood, a temperature and pressure detection device and a control system; the method can accurately simulate the preparation of a colloidal layer sample and a coke sample during single coal type or coal blending coking under the actual working condition of the industrial coke oven; the bottom of the heating furnace is of an open structure, the reactor is arranged on the furnace bottom lifting device and can be driven by the furnace bottom lifting device to enter and exit the furnace cavity, and the operation of filling a coal sample into the reactor and taking and placing a colloidal layer sampler is very convenient; the top of the heating furnace is provided with a furnace top space, so that gas sampling and waste gas treatment can be conveniently carried out; compared with the traditional experimental coke oven, the structure is more reasonable, and the operation is more convenient.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of coking experiments, in particular to a small experimental coke oven for preparing coke by integral bottom lifting and an operation method thereof.
Background
The coke is used as fuel, reducing agent and carburizing agent in the blast furnace smelting process and plays a role of a stock column framework. The quality of the coke has important influence on improving the efficiency of the blast furnace and improving the performance of steel. The quality of the coke can be accurately predicted through the colloidal layer index (the maximum thickness of the colloidal layer). The colloidal layer index reflects the caking capacity and coking performance of coal, and is an important index for classifying bituminous coal. The colloidal layer index can visually represent the content of the colloidal body in the blended coal, and the quality of the coke is influenced when the content of the colloidal body is too much or too little. However, the colloidal layer index can only reflect the content of the colloidal body, but cannot reflect the properties of the colloidal body.
At present, the traditional small coke oven with experimental scale mainly adopts a multidirectional heating mode, so that the heating mode is different from the actual heating mode of an industrial coke oven, the coking process of industrial coke has the characteristics of unidirectional heat supply and layered coking, and the difference from the coking mechanism adopting the multidirectional heating mode is larger, so that the design of the experimental coke oven which is more in line with the actual coking mechanism of the industrial coke oven has guiding significance on the coke oven production guidance.
Some experimental coke ovens adopt a single-side heating mode, but large industrial coke ovens adopt a face-to-face double-side heating mode, and the heat transfer mode of coal is performed from two sides to the middle in the heating process, so that a colloidal layer generated by the single-side heating mode and a colloidal layer generated by the industrial coke oven are still obviously different. In China, although a face-to-face double-side heating mode is adopted in some experimental coke ovens, the mode of directly charging coal into the experimental coke oven carbonization chamber or firstly charging the coal into a coal containing box and then putting the coal and the coal containing box into the experimental coke oven carbonization chamber is basically adopted. The limitation of the coal charging mode causes that the coal sample cannot be taken out at any time in the heating process of the experimental coke oven. Thus, this experimental coke oven is only suitable for producing coke by the coking experiments, and cannot prepare colloidal layer samples during the coking process.
In addition, the traditional experimental coke ovens are divided into different specifications (10 kg, 20 kg, 30 kg, 40 kg, 200 kg and the like), the sizes of the coking chambers are different, and some sizes are far different from the width of the oven wall of the industrial coke oven. The difference of the sizes of the coking chambers causes the coking working condition of the coking chambers to be inconsistent with the coking working condition of the industrial coke oven, and the accurate simulation of the coking working condition of the industrial coke oven is difficult to realize. The characteristics of the coke produced under the working condition are greatly different from the characteristics of the coke produced under the actual working condition of the industrial coke oven.
Therefore, the traditional experimental coke oven has various technical defects at present, the accurate simulation of the coking condition of the industrial coke oven under the laboratory condition cannot be realized, and the coke and colloidal layer samples under the coking working condition of the industrial coke oven cannot be prepared. In order to realize the preparation of the coke sample and the colloidal layer sample under the condition of accurately simulating the coking working condition of the industrial coke oven, firstly, the size of a coking chamber needs to be accurately designed so as to ensure that the coking chamber accords with the coking condition of the industrial coke oven, and secondly, a reactor is specially designed so as to ensure that the colloidal layer can be sampled in real time.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an integrated small experimental coke oven for preparing coke by bottom lifting and an operation method thereof, which can accurately simulate the preparation of a colloidal layer sample and a coke sample during single coal type or coal blending coking under the actual working condition of an industrial coke oven; the bottom of the heating furnace is of an open structure, the reactor is arranged on the furnace bottom lifting device and can be driven by the furnace bottom lifting device to enter and exit the furnace cavity, and the operation of filling a coal sample into the reactor and taking and placing a colloidal layer sampler is very convenient; the top of the heating furnace is provided with a furnace top space, so that gas sampling and waste gas treatment can be conveniently carried out; compared with the traditional experimental coke oven, the structure is more reasonable, and the operation is more convenient.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the small experimental coke oven for preparing coke by integral bottom lifting comprises a heating furnace, a reactor, a furnace bottom lifting device, a furnace bottom transverse moving device, a cooling box, an exhaust hood, a temperature and pressure detection device and a control system; a cooling box is arranged on one side of the heating furnace, and the tops of the heating furnace and the cooling box are both connected with an exhaust hood; heating devices are respectively arranged at two ends of a hearth of the heating furnace, and the bottoms of the heating furnace and the cooling box are both open structures; the reactor is arranged on a furnace bottom plate, and the furnace bottom plate is arranged at the top of the furnace bottom lifting device; the furnace bottom transverse moving device consists of a transverse moving rail and a transverse moving driving device, the transverse moving rail is arranged below the heating furnace and the cooling box, the transverse moving rail is provided with a heating station under the corresponding heating furnace, a cooling station under the corresponding cooling box, and a loading and unloading station at the outer end of the cooling station; the furnace bottom lifting device can move along the transverse moving track under the driving of the transverse moving driving device and reach each station; the furnace bottom lifting device is positioned at the heating station and can send the reactor into a hearth of the heating furnace after being lifted, and the bottom of the hearth is sealed by a furnace bottom plate; the temperature and pressure detection device comprises a temperature sensor and a pressure sensor which are arranged at the bottom of the reactor; the control end of the heating device, the output end of the temperature sensor and the output end of the pressure sensor are respectively connected with the control system.
The connecting line direction of the two ends of the heating furnace is longitudinal, and the connecting line direction of the two sides is transverse; the longitudinal length of the corresponding reactor is consistent with the width of the carbonization chamber of the industrial coke oven; the reactor is provided with a coal sample and a colloidal layer sampler.
The hearth is of a composite structure, the inner layer is a zirconium-containing fiber layer, and the outer layer is a polycrystalline alumina fiber layer; the top of the heating furnace is provided with a heat preservation furnace top, a furnace top space is arranged between the heat preservation furnace top and the exhaust hood, and the heat preservation furnace top is provided with a plurality of air outlet holes for communicating the hearth with the furnace top space; a movable cover plate is arranged in the hearth, a bayonet is arranged at the bottom of the heating furnace, the movable cover plate covers the top of the reactor after the reactor is lifted to the inside of the hearth, and the movable cover plate falls on the bayonet after the reactor is descended and moved out of the hearth; a plurality of vent holes are arranged on the movable cover plate corresponding to the air outlet holes of the heat preservation furnace top; one side of the furnace top space is provided with a gas sampling hole which is connected with a gas collecting device.
A filter is arranged in the exhaust hood, and an explosion-proof induced draft fan is arranged at an air outlet of the exhaust hood; the filter is provided with two stages of filtering units, the first stage is a stainless steel fire-retardant filtering unit, and at least 2 layers of fire-retardant filter cores are arranged in the stainless steel fire-retardant filtering unit; the second stage is an activated carbon adsorption filtering unit which is internally provided with an activated carbon filter element; the two-stage filtering units are clamped with the filter body; the exhaust hood is additionally connected with the tail gas incinerator.
The cooling box is made of a stainless steel plate, and both ends and the outer side of the cooling box are provided with cooling medium interfaces for connecting an ammonia pipeline or installing a cooling water atomization nozzle; a plurality of heat dissipation holes are formed in the top of the cooling box.
The temperature sensors and the pressure sensors are arranged in groups, and a plurality of groups are uniformly arranged in the middle of the heating furnace from the center of the heating furnace to one end of the heating furnace at intervals; the control system comprises an AD data converter and a computer, and the output end of the temperature sensor and the output end of the pressure sensor are respectively connected with the computer through the AD data converter.
Heating device includes elema and temperature controller, and elema and temperature controller divide into 2 groups and the symmetry sets up in the furnace wall at heating furnace both ends, and every group elema comprises a plurality of elema along the even setting of corresponding heating furnace length direction, and the temperature controller that corresponds is connected respectively to every group elema.
The furnace bottom lifting device is an electric scissor type hydraulic lifting platform, and a furnace bottom heat-insulating layer is arranged at the top of the furnace bottom plate; after the reactor enters a hearth or a cooling box, the furnace bottom plate is temporarily connected with the furnace body of the heating furnace or the box body of the cooling box through a flange and is locked and fixed through a locking mechanism.
The transverse moving driving device consists of a motor and a lead screw transmission mechanism, a lead screw in the lead screw transmission mechanism is arranged in parallel with the transverse moving track, one end of the lead screw is connected with an output shaft of the motor, a sliding block matched with the lead screw is connected with the furnace bottom lifting device, and the sliding block drives the furnace bottom lifting device to move along the transverse moving track when the motor drives the lead screw to rotate.
The operation method of the small experimental coke oven for preparing coke by integral bottom lifting comprises the following steps:
1) heating devices at two ends of the heating furnace are respectively controlled to synchronously heat according to a set program;
2) loading a coal sample into a reactor and placing a colloidal layer sampler, placing the reactor on a furnace bottom plate of a furnace bottom lifting device after the furnace bottom lifting device moves to a material loading and unloading station, then carrying the reactor by the furnace bottom lifting device to move to a heating station, and lifting and moving the reactor into a hearth of a heating furnace; in the process, the movable cover plate automatically covers the top of the reactor and rises along with the reactor, and the vent holes on the movable cover plate correspond to the vent holes on the top of the heat preservation furnace one by one;
3) in the heating process of the heating furnace, the temperature and pressure changes of the coal sample in the reactor are monitored in real time through a temperature sensor and a pressure sensor;
4) Sampling gas and volatile matters generated under different temperature conditions through a gas sampling hole in the top space;
5) collecting coal gas and volatile matters generated in the coking process through an exhaust hood, and discharging tail gas filtered by a filter after entering a tail gas combustion furnace for combustion;
6) after the experiment process is finished, taking out the reactor from the hearth through a furnace bottom lifting device, moving the reactor to a cooling station, putting the reactor and coke in a cooling box together, and cooling by introducing nitrogen or spraying water mist; the hot gas generated in the cooling process is collected by an exhaust hood, filtered by a filter and combusted by a tail gas combustion furnace and then is discharged.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) the bottom of the heating furnace is an open structure, the reactor is arranged on the furnace bottom lifting device and can be driven by the furnace bottom lifting device to enter and exit the furnace cavity, and the operation of filling a coal sample into the reactor and taking and placing the colloidal layer sampler is very convenient; the top of the heating furnace is provided with a furnace top space, so that gas sampling and waste gas treatment can be conveniently carried out; compared with the traditional experimental coke oven, the structural design is more reasonable;
2) a cooling box is arranged on one side of the heating furnace side by side, and the prepared coke can immediately enter the cooling box for cooling; the exhaust gas of the heating furnace and the hot gas of the cooling box are collected and processed by an exhaust hood;
3) The heating station, the cooling station and the material loading and unloading station are arranged on the transverse moving track, so that the furnace bottom lifting device can be conveniently and accurately aligned after moving, and heating and cooling operations can be simultaneously carried out;
4) the experimental coke oven adopts a mode of synchronously heating two ends of the hearth, and the longitudinal length of the hearth is consistent with the width of a carbonization chamber of an industrial coke oven, so that the heating process of a large coke oven can be simulated accurately;
5) a colloidal layer sampler is arranged in the reactor (the concrete structure and the arrangement mode are referred to the Chinese patent 'experimental coke oven for producing coke and colloidal layer samples in small scale and the use method' with the publication number of CN 108398022B), a colloidal layer sampling area in the reactor is communicated with a main reaction area, and the density of coal samples in the main reaction area and the colloidal layer sampling area is ensured to be consistent when the coal samples are loaded each time; two ends of the colloidal layer sampler respectively face the corresponding heating ends, so that heat transfer of the coal sample is ensured to be carried out from two ends to the middle;
6) the temperature sensors and the pressure sensors of the heating furnace can realize real-time measurement and analysis on the temperature distribution and the pressure change of the coal sample in the reactor in the heating process;
7) the movable cover plate is arranged in the hearth, the vent holes in the movable cover plate are in one-to-one correspondence with the vent holes in the top of the heat preservation furnace, and the gas and volatile matters generated under different temperature conditions can be sampled and further analyzed through gas chromatography.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a small experimental coke oven according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a first front view of the small laboratory coke oven of the present invention (with the hearth lifting device and the reactor located at the heating station).
Figure 3 is a side sectional view of figure 2 (reactor located within furnace).
FIG. 4 is a side view, partially in section, of a small laboratory coke oven of the present invention (with the hearth-lifting device located at the heating station and the reactor located outside the hearth).
FIG. 5 is a second front view of the small-sized laboratory coke oven according to the present invention (the bottom elevating device and the reactor are located at the cooling station).
FIG. 6 is the third front view of the small experimental coke oven of the present invention (with the bottom elevating device at the loading/unloading station and the reactor in the loading state).
FIG. 7 is the third front view of the small experimental coke oven of the present invention (the bottom elevating device is at the loading and unloading station, and the reactor is in the unloading state).
FIG. 8 is a graph of data on the CSR index and CRI index of coke measured in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. exhaust hood 2, heating furnace 2-1, furnace top space 2-2, air outlet 2-3, silicon carbide rod 2-4, hearth 2-5, movable cover plate 2-6, furnace bottom plate 2-7, furnace bottom heat insulation layer 3, cooling box 4, furnace bottom lifting device 5, furnace bottom transverse moving device 5-1, transverse moving rail 6, reactor 7, control cabinet 8, temperature and pressure detection device 9, coal sample 10, support frame 11, foldable discharging device 12, coke receiving tank
Detailed Description
The following further describes embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the attached figures:
as shown in figures 1 to 7, the integrated experimental coke oven for preparing coke by bottom lifting comprises a heating furnace 2, a reactor 6, a bottom lifting device 4, a bottom transverse moving device 5, a cooling box 3, an exhaust hood 1, a temperature and pressure detection device 8 and a control system; a cooling box 3 is arranged on one side of the heating furnace 2, and the tops of the heating furnace 2 and the cooling box 3 are both connected with an exhaust hood 1; heating devices are respectively arranged at two ends of a hearth 2-4 of the heating furnace 2, and the bottoms of the heating furnace 2 and the cooling box 3 are both open structures; the reactor 6 is arranged on the furnace bottom plate 2-6, and the furnace bottom plate 2-6 is arranged at the top of the furnace bottom lifting device 4; the furnace bottom transverse moving device 5 consists of a transverse moving rail 5-1 and a transverse moving driving device, the transverse moving rail 5-1 is arranged below the heating furnace 2 and the cooling box 3, the transverse moving rail 5-1 corresponds to a heating station under the heating furnace 2, a cooling station is arranged under the cooling box 3, and a loading and unloading station is arranged at the outer end of the cooling station; the furnace bottom lifting device 4 can move along the transverse moving track 5-1 under the driving of the transverse moving driving device and reach each station; after the furnace bottom lifting device 4 is positioned at the heating station and lifted, the reactor 6 can be sent into a hearth 2-4 of the heating furnace 2, and the bottom of the hearth 2-4 is sealed through a furnace bottom plate 2-6; the temperature and pressure detection device 8 comprises a temperature sensor and a pressure sensor which are arranged at the bottom of the reactor 6; the control end of the heating device, the output end of the temperature sensor and the output end of the pressure sensor are respectively connected with the control system.
The connecting line direction of the two ends of the heating furnace 2 is longitudinal, and the connecting line direction of the two sides is transverse; the longitudinal length of the corresponding reactor 6 is consistent with the width of the carbonization chamber of the industrial coke oven; the reactor 6 is filled with a coal sample 9 and a colloidal layer sampler.
The hearth 2-4 adopts a composite structure, the inner layer is a zirconium-containing fiber layer, and the outer layer is a polycrystalline alumina fiber layer; the top of the heating furnace 2 is provided with a heat preservation furnace top, a furnace top space 2-1 is arranged between the heat preservation furnace top and the exhaust hood 1, and a plurality of air outlet holes 2-2 which are communicated with the furnace hearth 2-4 and the furnace top space 2-1 are arranged on the heat preservation furnace top; a movable cover plate 2-5 is arranged in the hearth 2-4, a bayonet is arranged at the bottom of the heating furnace 2, the movable cover plate 2-5 covers the top of the reactor 6 after the reactor 6 is lifted to the inside of the hearth 2-4, and the movable cover plate 2-5 falls on the bayonet after the reactor 6 is descended and moved out of the hearth 2-4; a plurality of vent holes are arranged on the movable cover plate 2-5 corresponding to the air outlet hole 2-2 of the heat preservation furnace top; one side of the furnace top space 2-1 is provided with a gas sampling hole which is connected with a gas collecting device.
A filter is arranged in the exhaust hood 1, and an explosion-proof induced draft fan is arranged at an air outlet of the exhaust hood 1; the filter is provided with two stages of filtering units, the first stage is a stainless steel fire-retardant filtering unit, and at least 2 layers of fire-retardant filter cores are arranged in the stainless steel fire-retardant filtering unit; the second stage is an activated carbon adsorption filtering unit which is internally provided with an activated carbon filter element; the two-stage filtering units are clamped with the filter body; the exhaust hood 1 is additionally connected with a tail gas incinerator.
The cooling box 3 is made of a stainless steel plate, and both ends and the outer side of the cooling box 3 are provided with cooling medium interfaces for connecting an ammonia pipeline or installing a cooling water atomization nozzle; the top of the cooling box 3 is provided with a plurality of heat dissipation holes.
The temperature sensors and the pressure sensors are arranged in groups, and a plurality of groups are uniformly arranged in the middle of the heating furnace 2 from the center of the heating furnace 2 to one end of the heating furnace 2 at intervals; the control system comprises an AD data converter and a computer, and the output end of the temperature sensor and the output end of the pressure sensor are respectively connected with the computer through the AD data converter.
The heating device comprises 2-3 groups of silicon carbide rods and temperature controllers, the 2-3 groups of silicon carbide rods and the temperature controllers are equally divided and symmetrically arranged in furnace walls at two ends of the heating furnace 2, each group of silicon carbide rods 2-3 consists of a plurality of silicon carbide rods 2-3 which are uniformly arranged along the length direction of the corresponding heating furnace 2, and each group of silicon carbide rods 2-3 is respectively connected with the corresponding temperature controllers.
The furnace bottom lifting device 4 is an electric scissor type hydraulic lifting platform, and the top of the furnace bottom plate 2-6 is provided with a furnace bottom heat-insulating layer 2-7; after the reactor 6 enters the hearth 2-4 or the cooling box 3, the furnace bottom plate 2-6 is temporarily connected with the furnace body of the heating furnace 2 or the box body of the cooling box 3 through a flange and is locked and fixed through a locking mechanism.
The transverse moving driving device consists of a motor and a screw rod transmission mechanism, a screw rod in the screw rod transmission mechanism is arranged in parallel with the transverse moving track 5-1, one end of the screw rod is connected with an output shaft of the motor, a sliding block matched with the screw rod is connected with the furnace bottom lifting device 4, and the sliding block drives the furnace bottom lifting device 4 to move along the transverse moving track 5-1 when the motor drives the screw rod to rotate.
The operation method of the small experimental coke oven for preparing coke by integral bottom lifting comprises the following steps:
1) heating devices at two ends of the heating furnace 2 are respectively controlled to synchronously heat according to a set program;
2) loading a coal sample 9 into a reactor 6 and placing a colloidal layer sampler, after a furnace bottom lifting device 4 moves to a material loading and unloading station, placing the reactor 6 on a furnace bottom plate 2-6 of the furnace bottom lifting device 4, then moving the furnace bottom lifting device 4 carrying the reactor 6 to a heating station, and lifting and moving the reactor 6 into a hearth 2-4 of a heating furnace 2; in the process, the movable cover plate 2-5 is automatically covered on the top of the reactor 6 and rises along with the reactor 6, and the vent holes on the movable cover plate 2-5 correspond to the vent holes 2-2 on the top of the heat preservation furnace one by one;
3) in the heating process of the heating furnace 2, the temperature and pressure changes of the coal sample 9 in the reactor 6 are monitored in real time through a temperature sensor and a pressure sensor;
4) Sampling gas and volatile matters generated under different temperature conditions through a gas sampling hole of the top space 2-1;
5) collecting coal gas and volatile matters generated in the coking process through an exhaust hood 1, and discharging tail gas filtered by a filter after entering a tail gas combustion furnace for combustion;
6) after the experiment process is finished, taking out the reactor 6 from the hearths 2-4 through the furnace bottom lifting device 4, moving the reactor 6 to a cooling station, placing the reactor 6 and coke in a cooling box 3 together, and cooling the reactor by introducing nitrogen or spraying water mist; the hot gas generated in the cooling process is collected by the exhaust hood 1, filtered by the filter and combusted by the tail gas combustion furnace and then discharged.
The following examples are carried out on the premise of the technical scheme of the invention, and detailed embodiments and specific operation procedures are given, but the scope of the invention is not limited to the following examples.
[ examples ] A
In this example, samples of coke and colloidal layers were prepared using the small laboratory coke oven of the present invention, and the coal charge to the small laboratory coke oven was australian single coke.
As shown in fig. 1 to 7, the heating furnace 2 and the cooling box 3 are arranged side by side on the upper portion of the support frame 10, the control system is provided in the control cabinet 7, and the control cabinet 7 is suspended on the left side of the heating furnace 2 (the direction shown in the drawing, the same applies hereinafter). The cooling box 3 on the right side of the heating furnace 2 is made of a stainless steel plate.
The wall of the heating furnace 2 is built by refractory materials, the hearth 2-4 is composed of 1700 type high-purity alumina polycrystal fiber layers and zirconium-containing fiber layers which are formed by vacuum adsorption, a group of heating devices are respectively arranged in the furnace walls at two ends, each heating device comprises a silicon carbide rod 2-3 and a temperature controller, and the 2 groups of heating devices are respectively used for heating at two ends of the hearth 2-4. In the embodiment, the silicon carbide rods 2-3 are U-shaped silicon carbide rods and are vertically suspended in the hearths 2-4 from the tops of the hearths 2-4, and the silicon carbide rods 2-3 in the 2 groups of heating devices are respectively connected with the corresponding temperature controllers. All the heat insulating materials and heating devices inside the heating furnace 2 are installed from the upper part.
The reactor 6 is a rectangular parallelepiped structure, and is made of a 310S high-temperature-resistant stainless steel plate with a thickness of 2mm, and the external dimension of the reactor 6 is 454mm (length) × 234mm (width) × 260mm (height). The bottom of the reactor 6 is provided with 5 stainless steel pipes along the longitudinal direction (length direction), each stainless steel pipe is internally provided with a temperature sensor and a pressure sensor, the distance between the stainless steel pipes is 45mm, and one stainless steel pipe close to the middle part of the reactor 6 is positioned at the right center of the reactor 6; the stainless steel pipe downwards penetrates through the furnace bottom plates 2-6, and the temperature sensor and the pressure sensor are installed at the bottom of the stainless steel pipe and can be directly detached from the bottom and taken out, so that the stainless steel pipe is convenient to replace.
A movable cover plate 2-5 is arranged in the hearth 2-4, 6 vent holes are uniformly arranged on the movable cover plate 2-5 along the longitudinal direction of the heating furnace 2, and the diameter of each vent hole is 20 mm. When the reactor 6 rises into the hearth 2-4, the movable cover plate 2-5 automatically covers the top of the reactor 6, and 6 vent holes correspond to 6 vent holes on the top of the heat preservation furnace one by one, so that gas volatilized in the coking process can be discharged in time.
The sizes of two ends of the movable cover plate 2-5 are larger than the size of the reactor 6 in the corresponding direction (the two ends exceed 15mm respectively in the embodiment), the size of the bottom opening of the hearth 2-4 is matched with the size of the movable cover plate 2-5, and when the reactor 6 descends and moves out of the hearth 2-4 of the heating furnace 2, the movable cover plate 2-5 is just clamped at the bottom opening of the hearth 2-4, so that the movable cover plate is automatically separated from the reactor 6; the operation of cooling the coke in the reactor 6 is not influenced, and the direct outward radiation of the heat in the hearths 2 to 4 can be prevented.
The reactor 6 is placed on the furnace bottom heat-insulating layer 2-7 at the top of the furnace bottom plate 2-6, and the upper platform of the furnace bottom lifting device 4, the furnace bottom plate 2-6, the furnace bottom heat-insulating layer 2-7 and the reactor 6 are fixedly connected, so that the unloading and the integral disassembly are convenient for cleaning and maintenance.
The control system comprises an AD data converter and a computer, and the output ends of the temperature sensor and the pressure sensor are respectively connected with the computer through the AD data converter.
In this embodiment, cooling box 3 is formed by 304 corrosion resistant plate processing, and the both ends of cooling box 3 are equipped with the coolant interface for let in nitrogen gas or spray atomizing water in to cooling box 3, and the top of cooling box 3 is equipped with a plurality of louvres, is used for in time discharging steam. The top of the cooling box 3 is connected with the exhaust hood 1, and hot air is directly exhausted from the exhaust hood 1.
The furnace bottom lifting device 4 adopts an electric scissor type hydraulic lifting platform for driving the reactor 6 to lift, has strong bearing capacity and stable operation, and can ensure that the reactor 6 does not incline or swing when lifting. The furnace bottom plates 2-6 are temporarily connected with the furnace body of the heating furnace 2 and the box body of the cooling box 3 by flanges, and after the reactor 6 is lifted in place, the furnace bottom plates 2-6 are in plane contact with the bottom of the furnace body or the bottom of the box body and are locked and sealed by a manual locking device.
The screw rod of the furnace bottom transverse moving device 4 is a gap eliminating lapping vehicle screw rod, and the transverse moving track 5-1 is a linear guide rail. The motor drives the screw rod to rotate and is matched with the sliding block for transmission, so that the furnace bottom lifting device 4 and the reactor 6 integrally move horizontally along the transverse moving track 5-1. 3 stopping stations are arranged on the transverse moving track 5-1, namely a heating station, a cooling station and a material loading and unloading station, and stopping of the furnace bottom lifting device 4 at each stopping station is completed by a limit switch matched with a buffer.
The reactor 6 is internally divided into a main reaction area and a colloidal layer sampling area, and the main reaction area and the colloidal layer sampling area are respectively close to 2 heating ends of the heating furnace 2; movably in the colloidal layer sampling area is equipped with the colloidal layer sampler, and inside the inlaying of colloidal layer sampler has a cylindrical quartz capsule, and cylindrical quartz capsule level sets up, both ends respectively with colloidal layer sampling area, main reaction zone intercommunication. The top of the colloidal layer sampler is provided with a handle.
In the embodiment, the furnace bottom plates 2-6 are connected with the furnace bottom lifting device 4 through a foldable discharging device 11, the foldable discharging device 11 is a cuboid frame structure consisting of 2 discharging frames with right-angled triangles in section, and one ends of the 2 discharging frames are connected through hinges and can be turned or folded; after cooling, the coke in the reactor 6 is discharged to a coke receiving tank 12 through a foldable discharging device 11. The turning of the foldable discharging device can be driven manually or mechanically.
The experimental procedure for this example is as follows:
1) preparing and measuring a colloidal layer;
the coal sample 9 is loaded into the reactor 6 according to the set density, the density of the coal sample in the colloidal layer sampler is the same as that of the coal sample at other parts of the reactor, and then the reactor 6 is loaded into a hearth 2-4 which is preheated to 800 ℃. And starting the heating devices at two ends of the hearth 2-4, and taking out the colloidal layer sampler and placing the colloidal layer sampler in a cooler protected by nitrogen inert atmosphere for cooling after the temperature of the reactor 6 is raised to 400-500 ℃.
And when the colloidal layer sampler is cooled to room temperature, taking out the colloidal layer sampler, and scanning by using a Micro CT (X-ray three-dimensional microscope) to obtain the colloidal layer thickness range of the Australian single coke coal, wherein the colloidal layer thickness range is 15-25 mm.
2) CSR index and CRI index measurements of coke;
after the reactor 6 is heated from room temperature for 10 hours, the temperature reaches 1000 ℃, the heating is stopped, the reactor 6 is taken out, and the reactor is placed in a cooling box 3 protected by nitrogen inert atmosphere to be cooled to room temperature. The coke was removed from reactor 6 and Coke Reactivity (CRI) and coke post reaction strength (CSR) measurements were made, giving the experimental data points shown in figure 8.
The results of the measurements show that Australian single coke coals have CRI in the range 25.2% to 41.8% and CSR in the range 42.3% to 62.5%. The result is very close to the test result of a 40 kg industrial coke oven and has very good repeatability.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The small experimental coke oven for preparing coke by integral bottom lifting is characterized by comprising a heating furnace, a reactor, a furnace bottom lifting device, a furnace bottom transverse moving device, a cooling box, an exhaust hood, a temperature and pressure detection device and a control system; a cooling box is arranged on one side of the heating furnace, and the tops of the heating furnace and the cooling box are both connected with an exhaust hood; heating devices are respectively arranged at two ends of a hearth of the heating furnace, and the bottoms of the heating furnace and the cooling box are both open structures; the reactor is arranged on a furnace bottom plate, and the furnace bottom plate is arranged at the top of the furnace bottom lifting device; the furnace bottom transverse moving device consists of a transverse moving rail and a transverse moving driving device, the transverse moving rail is arranged below the heating furnace and the cooling box, the transverse moving rail is provided with a heating station under the corresponding heating furnace, a cooling station under the corresponding cooling box, and a loading and unloading station at the outer end of the cooling station; the furnace bottom lifting device can move along the transverse moving track under the driving of the transverse moving driving device and reach each station; the furnace bottom lifting device is positioned at the heating station and can send the reactor into a hearth of the heating furnace after being lifted, and the bottom of the hearth is sealed by a furnace bottom plate; the temperature and pressure detection device comprises a temperature sensor and a pressure sensor which are arranged at the bottom of the reactor; the control end of the heating device, the output end of the temperature sensor and the output end of the pressure sensor are respectively connected with the control system.
2. The small experimental coke oven with integrated bottom lifting coke preparation of claim 1, characterized in that the connecting line direction of the two ends of the heating furnace is longitudinal, and the connecting line direction of the two sides is transverse; the longitudinal length of the corresponding reactor is consistent with the width of the carbonization chamber of the industrial coke oven; the reactor is provided with a coal sample and a colloidal layer sampler.
3. The integrated bottom lifting coke making small-sized experimental coke oven according to claim 1, wherein the hearth has a composite structure, the inner layer is a zirconium-containing fiber layer, and the outer layer is a polycrystalline alumina fiber layer; the top of the heating furnace is provided with a heat preservation furnace top, a furnace top space is arranged between the heat preservation furnace top and the exhaust hood, and the heat preservation furnace top is provided with a plurality of air outlet holes for communicating the hearth with the furnace top space; a movable cover plate is arranged in the hearth, a bayonet is arranged at the bottom of the heating furnace, the movable cover plate covers the top of the reactor after the reactor is lifted to the inside of the hearth, and the movable cover plate falls on the bayonet after the reactor is descended and moved out of the hearth; a plurality of vent holes are arranged on the movable cover plate corresponding to the air outlet holes of the heat preservation furnace top; one side of the furnace top space is provided with a gas sampling hole which is connected with a gas collecting device.
4. The integrated experimental coke oven with the bottom lifting function for preparing coke according to claim 1, wherein a filter is arranged in the exhaust hood, and an explosion-proof induced draft fan is arranged at the air outlet of the exhaust hood; the filter is provided with two stages of filtering units, the first stage is a stainless steel fire-retardant filtering unit, and at least 2 layers of fire-retardant filter cores are arranged in the stainless steel fire-retardant filtering unit; the second stage is an activated carbon adsorption filtering unit which is internally provided with an activated carbon filter element; the two-stage filtering units are clamped with the filter body; the exhaust hood is additionally connected with the tail gas incinerator.
5. The integrated experimental coke oven with bottom lifting for preparing coke according to claim 1, wherein the cooling box is made of stainless steel plate, and both ends and the outer side of the cooling box are provided with cooling medium interfaces for connecting ammonia pipelines or installing cooling water atomizing nozzles; a plurality of heat dissipation holes are formed in the top of the cooling box.
6. The small experimental coke oven with integrated bottom lift coke preparation of claim 1, characterized in that the temperature sensors and the pressure sensors are arranged in groups, and a plurality of groups are arranged in the middle of the heating furnace at intervals from the center of the heating furnace to one end of the heating furnace; the control system comprises an AD data converter and a computer, and the output end of the temperature sensor and the output end of the pressure sensor are respectively connected with the computer through the AD data converter.
7. The integrated experimental coke oven with bottom lifting for coke preparation of claim 1, wherein the heating device comprises 2 groups of silicon carbide rods and temperature controllers symmetrically arranged in the oven walls at both ends of the heating oven, each group of silicon carbide rods consists of a plurality of silicon carbide rods uniformly arranged along the length direction of the corresponding heating oven, and each group of silicon carbide rods is respectively connected with the corresponding temperature controllers.
8. The small-sized experimental coke oven for preparing coke through integrated bottom lifting as claimed in claim 1, wherein the bottom lifting device is an electric scissor type hydraulic lifting platform, and a bottom heat-insulating layer is arranged on the top of the oven bottom plate; after the reactor enters a hearth or a cooling box, the furnace bottom plate is temporarily connected with a furnace body of a heating furnace or a box body of the cooling box through a flange and is locked and fixed through a locking mechanism.
9. The small-sized experimental coke oven with integrated bottom lifting coke preparation as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the traverse driving device is composed of a motor and a lead screw transmission mechanism, a lead screw in the lead screw transmission mechanism is arranged in parallel with the traverse rail, one end of the lead screw is connected with an output shaft of the motor, a sliding block matched with the lead screw is connected with the bottom lifting device, and the sliding block drives the bottom lifting device to move along the traverse rail when the motor drives the lead screw to rotate.
10. The operation method of the small experimental coke oven with integrated bottom lifting for coke preparation according to any one of claims 1 to 9 is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) heating devices at two ends of the heating furnace are respectively controlled to synchronously heat according to a set program;
2) loading a coal sample into a reactor and placing a colloidal layer sampler, placing the reactor on a furnace bottom plate of a furnace bottom lifting device after the furnace bottom lifting device moves to a material loading and unloading station, then moving the reactor carried by the furnace bottom lifting device to a heating station, and lifting and moving the reactor to a hearth of a heating furnace; in the process, the movable cover plate automatically covers the top of the reactor and rises along with the reactor, and the vent holes on the movable cover plate correspond to the air outlet holes on the top of the heat preservation furnace one by one;
3) In the heating process of the heating furnace, the temperature and pressure changes of the coal sample in the reactor are monitored in real time through a temperature sensor and a pressure sensor;
4) sampling gas and volatile matters generated under different temperature conditions through a gas sampling hole in the top space;
5) collecting coal gas and volatile matters generated in the coking process through an exhaust hood, and discharging tail gas filtered by a filter after entering a tail gas combustion furnace for combustion;
6) after the experiment process is finished, taking out the reactor from the hearth through a furnace bottom lifting device, moving the reactor to a cooling station, putting the reactor and coke in a cooling box together, and cooling by introducing nitrogen or spraying water mist; the hot gas generated in the cooling process is collected by an exhaust hood, filtered by a filter and combusted by a tail gas combustion furnace and then is discharged.
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| CN203754635U (en) * | 2014-02-17 | 2014-08-06 | 辽宁同辉科技发展有限公司 | Automatic bottom-mounted experiment coke oven |
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| CN108659863A (en) * | 2017-03-29 | 2018-10-16 | 鞍钢股份有限公司 | Coking experiment coke oven and coking experiment method |
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| KR20020051247A (en) * | 2000-12-22 | 2002-06-28 | 이구택 | method of evaluating coal dust |
| CN203754635U (en) * | 2014-02-17 | 2014-08-06 | 辽宁同辉科技发展有限公司 | Automatic bottom-mounted experiment coke oven |
| CN105861002A (en) * | 2016-05-26 | 2016-08-17 | 辽宁科技大学 | Small constant-pressure coking device and constant-pressure coking method |
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