CN114702417A - Synthesis method for preparing difluoroethylene sulfide by nucleophilic substitution of beta site of gem-difluoroallene compound - Google Patents

Synthesis method for preparing difluoroethylene sulfide by nucleophilic substitution of beta site of gem-difluoroallene compound Download PDF

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CN114702417A
CN114702417A CN202210103194.2A CN202210103194A CN114702417A CN 114702417 A CN114702417 A CN 114702417A CN 202210103194 A CN202210103194 A CN 202210103194A CN 114702417 A CN114702417 A CN 114702417A
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difluoroallene
difluoroethylene
sulfide
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CN114702417B (en
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王治国
郦荣浩
罗春艳
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Shanghai Bide Medical Technology Co ltd
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    • C07C319/00Preparation of thiols, sulfides, hydropolysulfides or polysulfides
    • C07C319/14Preparation of thiols, sulfides, hydropolysulfides or polysulfides of sulfides
    • C07C319/16Preparation of thiols, sulfides, hydropolysulfides or polysulfides of sulfides by addition of hydrogen sulfide or its salts to unsaturated compounds
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    • C07F7/00Compounds containing elements of Groups 4 or 14 of the Periodic Table
    • C07F7/02Silicon compounds
    • C07F7/08Compounds having one or more C—Si linkages
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    • C07F7/02Silicon compounds
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Abstract

The invention provides a synthetic method for preparing difluoroethylene sulfide by nucleophilic substitution of beta site of a geminal difluoroallene compound. According to the method, gem-difluoroallene compounds are used as raw materials, and in a high-universality catalytic system formed by a rhodium catalyst and a bidentate ligand, a thiol compound performs high-selectivity nucleophilic addition on beta positions of the gem-difluoroallene compounds to prepare various difluoroethylene sulfides. The whole synthesis method has simple steps, mild reaction conditions, high selectivity and ideal yield, is suitable for quickly constructing the difluoroethylene sulfide in large quantity, and can further promote the development and application of the compound.

Description

Synthesis method for preparing difluoroethylene sulfide by nucleophilic substitution of beta site of gem-difluoroallene compound
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of chemical industry, in particular to a synthetic method for preparing difluoroethylene sulfide by nucleophilic substitution of beta-position of gem-difluoroallene compound.
Background
Fluorine-containing compounds are important chemical intermediates and are widely applied to the fields of medicines, pesticides, materials and the like. In recent years, gem-difluoroallenes containing two fluorine atoms are receiving attention from various fields due to the huge application potential in the fields of new drug development, organic synthesis, material science and the like. However, compared to the non-fluorinated analogues, the gem-difluoroallenes have more reactive sites, not only in the alpha, beta, gamma positions of the allenes, but also in the terminal CF2Nucleophilic substitution of groups that also undergo C-F bond cleavage, thereby rendering regioselective nucleophilic substitution of such compounds challenging.
In addition, the dominant reaction sites of the geminal difluoroallene compound are alpha position and gamma position, in the prior art, nucleophilic reagents such as mercaptan and the like perform selective nucleophilic substitution on the geminal difluoroallene compound, only a few reports are found on the alpha position and the gamma position, and high-selective nucleophilic substitution on the beta position with low reaction activity is not realized yet for the beta position with low reaction activity, so that the difluoroethene sulfide is prepared.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a synthetic method for preparing difluoroethylene sulfides by nucleophilic substitution of a geminal difluoroallene compound beta site. The method adopts a rhodium catalyst and a bidentate ligand to form a high-universality catalytic system, promotes the mercaptan to carry out high-selectivity nucleophilic addition on the beta position of the geminal difluoroallene compound, and prepares a plurality of difluoroethylene sulfides. The method has the advantages of simple steps, mild reaction conditions and high selectivity, and is suitable for quickly and massively constructing the compounds.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the invention provides a synthetic method for preparing difluoroethylene sulfide by nucleophilic substitution of a beta-position of a geminal difluoroallene compound, which is characterized in that the synthetic route is as follows:
Figure BDA0003492898670000021
wherein
R1 is C1-C12 alkyl, C2-C12 rare group or C2-C12 alkynyl;
r2 is phenyl or naphthyl or furyl or benzyl or C1-C4 alkyl;
r1 can be substituted by one or more, the same or different, R3;
r3 is phenyl or naphthyl or thiophene or indolyl or furyl or tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy or C3-C12 cycloalkyl or C4-C12 poly-alkenyl, and one of phenyl or naphthyl or thiophene or indole substituted by benzyloxy or C1-C4 alkyl or C1-C4 alkoxycarbonyl;
r2 can be substituted by one or more, the same or different, R4;
r4 is one of C1-C4 alkyl, C1-C4 alkoxy, C1-C4 haloalkyl, halogen, C1-C4 alkoxycarbonyl or phenyl.
Further, said R1 is preferably ethyl or undecyl or octynyl; r3 is one of phenyl, naphthyl, thiophene, furyl, indolyl, tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy, cyclohexyl, p-benzyloxyphenyl, methyl benzoate, N-methylindole and 2-methylfuryl; r2 is one of phenyl, naphthyl, furyl, benzyl, ethyl or n-hexyl; and R4 is one of methyl, methoxy, tert-butyl, trifluoromethyl, fluorine, chlorine, bromine or methyl formate.
Further, the preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) under the protection of inert gas, dissolving a catalyst and a ligand in a first solvent, then adding a compound 1 and a compound 2, and uniformly mixing;
(2) controlling the temperature of the system to be-20-150 ℃, reacting for 0.5-96h, concentrating and desolventizing the reaction mixture, and purifying the obtained residue to obtain the compound 3.
Further, in the step (1), the catalyst is a rhodium catalyst.
Further, the rhodium catalyst is (R, R) -2, 3-bis (2, 5-dimethyl-thien-1-yl) benzo [ B]Thiophene cyclooctadiene rhodium (I) tetrafluoroborate ([ Rh (cod))]BF4)。
Further, in the step (1), the ligand is a bidentate ligand.
Further, the bidentate ligand is one or more of 1, 10-phenanthroline or 5, 5-bis (diphenylphosphino) -4, 4-di-1, 3-piperonyl or (2S,4S) - (-) -2, 4-bis (diphenylphosphino) pentane.
Further, in the step (1), the first solvent is one or more of dichloromethane, dichloroethane, methanol, ethanol, toluene, xylene or acetonitrile; when more than two mixed solvents are adopted, the solvents are mixed according to any ratio; the ratio of the first solvent to the compound 1 is 5-40 mL/g.
Further, in the step (1), trifluoroacetic acid is adopted to promote the reaction; the molar ratio of compound 1 to trifluoroacetic acid is 1: (0.1 to 1).
In the step (1), the molar ratio of the compound 1 to the catalyst, the ligand and the compound 2 is 1 (0.003-0.1): (0.003-0.1): (1-4).
Advantageous effects
The invention provides a synthetic method for preparing difluoroethylene sulfide by nucleophilic substitution of beta site of a geminal difluoroallene compound. According to the method, a geminal difluoroallene compound is used as a raw material, and in a high-universality catalytic system formed by a rhodium catalyst and a bidentate ligand, mercaptan is used for carrying out high-selectivity nucleophilic addition on the beta position of the geminal difluoroallene compound to prepare various difluoroethene sulfur compounds. The method has the advantages of simple steps, mild reaction conditions, high selectivity and ideal yield, and provides a new way for development and application of the geminal difluoroallene compounds.
It should be understood that all combinations of the foregoing concepts and additional concepts described in greater detail below are contemplated as being part of the inventive subject matter of this disclosure unless such concepts are mutually inconsistent.
The foregoing and other aspects, embodiments and features of the present teachings will be more fully understood from the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Additional aspects of the present invention, such as features and/or advantages of exemplary embodiments, will be apparent from the description which follows, or may be learned by practice of specific embodiments in accordance with the teachings of the present invention.
Drawings
The drawings are not intended to be drawn to scale. In the drawings, each identical or nearly identical component that is illustrated in various figures may be represented by a like numeral. For purposes of clarity, not every component may be labeled in every drawing. Embodiments of various aspects of the present invention will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a nuclear magnetic hydrogen spectrum of compound 3aa in example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a nuclear magnetic hydrogen spectrum of Compound 3ab in example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a nuclear magnetic hydrogen spectrum of compound 3ak in example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a nuclear magnetic hydrogen spectrum of Compound 3ap in example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a nuclear magnetic hydrogen spectrum of Compound 3ia in example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a nuclear magnetic hydrogen spectrum of Compound 3ja in example 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are only a few, and not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the described embodiments of the invention without any inventive step, are within the scope of protection of the invention. Unless defined otherwise, technical or scientific terms used herein shall have the ordinary meaning as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
A synthetic method of a difluoroethylene compound comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0003492898670000041
firstly, under the protection of inert gas, dissolving a catalyst and a ligand in a first solvent, then adding a compound 1 and a compound 2, and uniformly mixing.
And secondly, controlling the temperature of the system to be-20-150 ℃, reacting for 0.5-96h, concentrating the reaction mixture, desolventizing, and purifying the obtained residue to obtain a compound 3.
In the step (1), trifluoroacetic acid is adopted to promote the reaction;
compound 1 can be synthesized using the following general procedure I:
Figure BDA0003492898670000051
the synthesis process comprises the following steps of dissolving diisopropylamine in tetrahydrofuran solution at 0 ℃ within 5-60 min, adding n-butyllithium, and stirring for 5-60 min under heat preservation after the addition is finished. Controlling the temperature to be-100-50 ℃ within 5-60 min, and adding CF3CH2And (I) dripping the solution dissolved in THF into the mixture, and stirring for 5-60 min at the constant temperature. Adding a solution of the compound A dissolved in THF, keeping the temperature of the mixture, stirring for 5-60 min, and heating the reaction mixture to-30-50 ℃ within 30-120 min. Acetic anhydride was added and the reaction mixture was then raised to-5-50 ℃ over 2 h. Washing the reaction solution with ammonium chloride aqueous solution, extracting with ethyl acetate, combining organic phases, washing with saturated saline solution, drying, desolventizing, and purifying by column chromatography to obtain the compound B.
And (3) putting zinc powder into N, N-dimethylformamide at room temperature under the protection of argon, adding the obtained mixed solution into a solution of the compound B dissolved in the N, N-dimethylformamide, and stirring for 1-6 hours under the condition of heat preservation. Filtering, diluting the filtrate with ethyl acetate and brine, extracting with ethyl acetate, combining the organic phases, washing with saturated brine, drying, desolventizing, and purifying by column chromatography to obtain compound 1.
The present invention is described in detail below by way of specific examples, but is not limited thereto.
Example 1
Compound 1a was prepared according to general procedure I:
Figure BDA0003492898670000052
at 0 ℃, n-BuLi (20.0mmol) is added into a solution of diisopropylamine (20.0mmol) dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (10mL) within 10min, after the addition is finished, the temperature is kept and stirred for 15min, and then the temperature of the system is reduced to-93 ℃. Within 10min, CF3CH2A solution of I (10.0mmol) in THF (5mL) was added dropwise thereto, and the mixture was stirred for 20min with heat preservation. A solution of Compound A (10.0mmol) in THF (5mL) was added over 5 min. The mixture was stirred for 30min at room temperature and the reaction mixture was brought to-30 ℃ over 90 min. Acetic anhydride (12.0mmol) was added and the reaction mixture was raised to 0 ℃ over 2 h. Then, the reaction solution was washed with an aqueous ammonium chloride solution, extracted with ethyl acetate, the organic phases were combined, washed with saturated brine, dried, desolventized, and purified by column chromatography to obtain compound Ba.
Figure BDA0003492898670000061
Under the protection of argon, zinc powder (17.0mmol) is placed in N, N-dimethylformamide (26mL) at room temperature to prepare a mixed solution, the obtained mixed solution is added into a solution of a compound B (8.5mmol) dissolved in N, N-dimethylformamide (17mL), and the mixture is stirred for 3 hours under the condition of heat preservation. Filtration, dilution of the filtrate with ethyl acetate and brine, extraction with ethyl acetate, combination of the organic phases, washing with saturated brine, drying, desolventizing, purification by column chromatography gave 2.01g of compound 1a, yield 71%.
1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ7.47(d,J=7.3Hz,2H),7.43(dd,J=10.1,4.8Hz, 2H),7.39–7.34(m,1H),7.14(d,J=8.6Hz,2H),6.96(d,J=8.6Hz,2H),6.54– 6.43(m,1H),5.08(s,2H),2.79(t,J=7.7Hz,2H),2.65–2.50(m,2H).
13C NMR(126MHz,CDCl3)δ170.1(t,J=36.1Hz),157.2,152.7(t,J=261.1Hz), 137.1,133.0,129.3,128.5,127.9,127.4,121.5(t,J=5.5Hz),114.8,70.0,34.0(t,J =1.6Hz),32.9(t,J=1.3Hz).
19F NMR(471MHz,CDCl3)δ-101.7.
ATR-FTIR(cm-1):2357,1275,750.
HRMS(ESI+)Calcd for C18H16F2ONa[M+Na]+:309.1061,found:309.1057
Synthesis of (Z) - (5- (4- (benzyloxy) phenyl) -1, 1-difluoropent-2-en-2-yl) (4-methoxyphenyl) sulfonamide (3aa) as shown in FIG. 1:
Figure BDA0003492898670000062
25mL of Schlenk tube was purged with argon 3 times, and then [ Rh (cod) ]was added]BF4(3.2mg,0.04eq), 1, 10-phenanthroline (1.7mg, 0.048eq) and 1mL acetonitrile/toluene (v/v ═ 1: 1). Then compound 1a (57.2mg, 0.2mmol, 1.0eq) and compound 2a (64.0mg, 0.4mmol, 2.0eq) were added. The reaction mixture was stirred at 60 ℃ for 12 hours, GC detected that the ratio of Z-3aa to E-3aa was 85:15, the reaction was concentrated in vacuo and purified by silica gel column chromatography to give 68.0mg of Z/E-3aa, 80% yield.
Further isolated as a white solid, Z-3aa, characterized as follows:
mp:57-59℃.
1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ7.45(d,J=7.4Hz,2H),7.40(t,J=7.4Hz,2H), 7.34(t,J=7.2Hz,1H),7.23–7.13(m,2H),7.10(d,J=8.5Hz,2H),6.93(t,J=5.6 Hz,2H),6.84–6.74(m,2H),6.54(t,J=6.9Hz,1H),5.92(t,J=56.3Hz,1H),5.06 (s,2H),3.77(s,3H),2.82–2.61(m,4H).13C NMR(126MHz,CDCl3)δ159.1, 157.3,141.9(t,J=7.1Hz),137.1,133.0,132.5,129.4,129.1(t,J=21.3Hz),128.5, 127.9,127.4,123.9,114.8,114.7,113.9(t,J=241.7Hz),70.0,55.3,33.7(t,J=1.5 Hz),31.2.
19F NMR(471MHz,CDCl3)δ-112.4(d,J=2.3Hz).
ATR-FTIR(cm-1):2361,2338,1275,750,671.
HRMS(ESI+)Calcd for C25H25F2O2S[M+H]+:427.1538,found:427.1536.
example 2
Synthesis of (Z) - (5- (4- (benzyloxy) phenyl) -1, 1-difluoropent-2-en-2-yl) (phenyl) sulfanilamide (3ab) as shown in FIG. 2
Figure BDA0003492898670000071
The preparation was carried out according to example one.
GC-MS detects that the ratio of Z-3ab to E-3ab is 83:17, the reaction solution is subjected to vacuum concentration and silica gel column chromatography purification, and 56.0mg of Z/E-3ab is obtained, wherein the yield is 71%.
Further isolation gave Z-3ab as a white solid, characterized as follows:
1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ7.47(d,J=7.3Hz,2H),7.43(dd,J=10.1,4.7Hz, 2H),7.39–7.34(m,1H),7.30–7.24(m,2H),7.24–7.17(m,3H),7.10(d,J=8.6 Hz,2H),6.93(d,J=8.6Hz,2H),6.73(t,J=6.8Hz,1H),6.01(t,J=56.2Hz,1H), 5.08(s,2H),2.81–2.68(m,4H).
13C NMR(126MHz,CDCl3)δ157.3,144.7(t,J=7.4Hz),137.1,134.2,132.9, 129.4,129.0,128.7,128.6,127.9,127.8(t,J=21.2Hz),127.4,126.5,114.8,114.0(t, J=242.2Hz),70.0,33.6(t,J=1.5Hz),31.3.
19F NMR(471MHz,CDCl3)δ-112.1.
ATR-FTIR(cm-1):2361,2339,1275,750.
HRMS(ESI+)Calcd for C24H23F2OS[M+H]+:397.1432,found:397.1434.
example 3
Synthesis of (Z) - (5- (4- (benzyloxy) phenyl) -1, 1-difluoropent-2-en-2-yl) (naphthalen-2-yl) sulfanilamide (3ak) as shown in FIG. 3
Figure BDA0003492898670000081
The preparation is carried out with reference to example one.
GC-MS detects that the ratio of Z-3ak to E-3ak is 65:35, the reaction solution is concentrated in vacuum and purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain 46.0mg of Z/E-3ak, and the yield is 52%.
Further isolation gave a white solid, Z-3ak, characterized as follows:
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.80–7.74(m,1H),7.74–7.67(m,2H),7.65(d,J= 1.5Hz,1H),7.51–7.29(m,7H),7.27–7.20(m,1H),7.04(d,J=8.6Hz,2H),6.87 (d,J=8.6Hz,2H),6.78–6.68(m,1H),6.01(t,J=56.2Hz,1H),5.01(s,2H),2.84 –2.61(m,4H).
13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ157.3,144.9(t,J=6.9Hz),137.1,133.7,132.8, 132.0,131.6,129.4,128.7,128.6,127.9,127.7,127.6,127.4,127.2,127.2,126.7, 126.6,126.0,114.9,114.0(t,J=241.8Hz),70.0,33.6(t,J=1.7Hz),31.3.
19F NMR(377MHz,CDCl3)δ-112.0.
ATR-FTIR(cm-1):2361,2338,1275,1261,750,670,435.
HRMS(ESI+)Calcd for C28H24F2NaOS[M+Na]+:469.1408,found:469.1404.
example 4
Synthesis of (Z) -methyl 3- ((5- (4- (benzyloxy) phenyl) -1, 1-difluoropent-2-en-2-yl) thio) propanoate (3ap) as shown in FIG. 4
Figure BDA0003492898670000091
The preparation was carried out according to example one.
GC-MS detects that the ratio of Z-3ap to E-3ap is 89:11, the reaction solution is concentrated in vacuum and purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain 55.9mg of Z/E-3ap, and the yield is 71%.
Further isolation gave Z-3ap as a white solid, which was characterized as follows:
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.52–7.29(m,5H),7.16–7.06(m,2H),6.96–6.86 (m,2H),6.44(t,J=4.5Hz,1H),6.06(t,J=56.3Hz,1H),5.05(s,2H),3.67(s,3H), 2.92(t,J=7.3Hz,2H),2.69(s,4H),2.54(t,J=7.3Hz,2H).
13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ172.1,157.4,144.2(t,J=8.0Hz),137.2,133.0, 129.4,128.6,128.0,127.5,116.1(t,J=239.9Hz),114.9,70.1,51.9,34.6,33.7(t,J =1.8Hz),31.2,29.8,28.8.19F NMR(377MHz,CDCl3)δ-110.0.
ATR-FTIR(cm-1):2362,2339,1275,1261,750,671,490,420.
HRMS(ESI+)Calcd for C22H24F2NaO3S[M+Na]+:429.1306,found:429.1305.
example 5
Synthesis of methyl (Z) -2- (5, 5-difluoro-4- ((4-methoxyphenyl) thio) pent-3-en-1-yl) benzoate (3ia) as illustrated in FIG. 5
Figure BDA0003492898670000101
The preparation was carried out according to example one.
GC-MS detects that the ratio of Z-3ia to E-3ia is 90:10, the reaction solution is concentrated in vacuum and purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain 63.5mg of Z/E-3ia, and the yield is 84%.
A bright yellow oil, Z-3ia, was further isolated and characterized as follows:
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.91(dd,J=7.8,1.3Hz,1H),7.44(td,J=7.5,1.4 Hz,1H),7.32–7.24(m,1H),7.25–7.15(m,3H),6.82–6.73(m,2H),6.59(tt,J= 7.3,1.8Hz,1H),5.91(t,J=56.3Hz,1H),3.89(s,3H),3.78(s,3H),3.12(t,J=7.6 Hz,2H),2.90–2.64(m,2H).
13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ167.8,159.1,142.6,141.9(t,J=7.1Hz),132.5, 132.1,131.1,130.9,129.4,129.0(t,J=21.3Hz),126.3,124.0,114.7,114.0(t,J= 241.7Hz),55.3,52.0,33.0,(t,J=1.5Hz)31.0.
19F NMR(377MHz,CDCl3)δ-112.4.
ATR-FTIR(cm-1):2361,2339,1275,1261,750,671,490,420.
HRMS(ESI+)Calcd for C20H20F2NaO3S[M+Na]+:401.0993,found:401.0986.
example 6
Synthesis of (Z) -tert-butyl ((8, 8-difluoro-7- ((4-methoxyphenyl) thio) oct-6-en-1-yl) oxy) dimethylsilane (3ja) as shown in FIG. 6
Figure BDA0003492898670000102
The preparation is carried out with reference to example one.
GC-MS detects that the ratio of Z-3ja to E-3ja is 86:14, reaction liquid is subjected to vacuum concentration and silica gel column chromatography purification, 61.1mg of Z/E-3ja is obtained, and the yield is 74%.
Further isolation gave Z-3ja as a bright yellow oil, characterized as follows:
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.25(d,J=8.9Hz,2H),6.84–6.66(m,2H),6.55– 6.41(m,1H),5.90(t,J=56.3Hz,1H),3.74(s,3H),3.55(t,J=6.5Hz,2H),2.48– 2.31(m,2H),1.47(dd,J=14.2,6.8Hz,2H),1.39(dd,J=14.6,7.5Hz,2H),1.36– 1.26(m,2H),0.85(s,9H),0.00(s,6H).
13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ159.1,143.2(t,J=7.1Hz),132.4,128.4(t,J=21.5 Hz),124.2,114.7,114.2(t,J=241.5Hz),63.0,55.3,32.6,29.2,28.3(t,J=1.5Hz), 26.0,25.5,18.4,-5.3.
19F NMR(377MHz,CDCl3)δ-112.1.
ATR-FTIR(cm-1):2361,2339,1275,1261,750,671,490,420.
HRMS(ESI+)Calcd for C21H34F2NaO2SSi[M+Na]+:439.1909,found:439.1905.
although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it is not intended to be limited thereto. Those skilled in the art to which the invention pertains will appreciate that various modifications and adaptations can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims (10)

1. A synthetic method for preparing difluoroethylene sulfide by nucleophilic substitution of beta site of gem-difluoroallene compound is characterized in that the synthetic route is as follows:
Figure FDA0003492898660000011
wherein
R1 is C1-C12 alkyl, C2-C12 rare group or C2-C12 alkynyl;
r2 is phenyl or naphthyl or furyl or benzyl or C1-C4 alkyl;
r1 can be substituted by one or more, the same or different, R3;
r3 is phenyl or naphthyl or thiophene or indolyl or furyl or tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy or C3-C12 cycloalkyl or C4-C12 poly-alkenyl, and one of phenyl or naphthyl or thiophene or indole substituted by benzyloxy or C1-C4 alkyl or C1-C4 alkoxycarbonyl;
r2 can be substituted by one or more, the same or different, R4;
r4 is one of C1-C4 alkyl, C1-C4 alkoxy, C1-C4 haloalkyl, halogen, C1-C4 alkoxycarbonyl or phenyl.
2. The synthesis method for preparing difluoroethylene sulfide by nucleophilic substitution at beta position of gem-difluoroallene compound according to claim 1, wherein R1 is preferably ethyl or undecyl or octynyl; r3 is one of phenyl, naphthyl, thiophene, furyl, indolyl, tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy, cyclohexyl, p-benzyloxyphenyl, methyl benzoate, N-methylindole and 2-methylfuryl; r2 is one of phenyl, naphthyl, furyl, benzyl, ethyl or n-hexyl; and R4 is one of methyl, methoxy, tert-butyl, trifluoromethyl, fluorine, chlorine, bromine or methyl formate.
3. The synthesis method for preparing difluoroethylene sulfide by nucleophilic substitution at beta position of gem-difluoroallene compound according to claim 1, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) under the protection of inert gas, dissolving a catalyst and a ligand in a first solvent, then adding a compound 1 and a compound 2, and uniformly mixing;
(2) controlling the temperature of the system to be-20-150 ℃, reacting for 0.5-96h, concentrating and desolventizing the reaction mixture, and purifying the obtained residue to obtain the compound 3.
4. The synthesis method for preparing difluoroethylene sulfide by nucleophilic substitution at beta position of gem-difluoroallene compound according to claim 3, wherein in the step (1), the catalyst is rhodium catalyst.
5. The method for synthesizing difluoroethene sulfide with β -position nucleophilic substitution of gem-difluoroallene compound as claimed in claim 4, wherein the rhodium catalyst is (R, R) -2, 3-bis (2, 5-dimethyl-thienylphos-1-yl) benzo [ B]Thiophene cyclooctadiene rhodium (I) tetrafluoroborate ([ Rh (cod))]BF4)。
6. The synthesis method for preparing difluoroethylene sulfide by nucleophilic substitution at beta position of gem-difluoroallene compound according to claim 3, wherein in the step (1), the ligand is bidentate.
7. The synthetic method for preparing difluoroethylene sulfide by nucleophilic substitution at beta position of gem-difluoroallene compound according to claim 6, wherein in the step (1), the bidentate ligand is one or more of 1, 10-phenanthroline or 5, 5-bis (diphenylphosphino) -4, 4-di-1, 3-piperonyl or (2S,4S) - (-) -2, 4-bis (diphenylphosphino) pentane.
8. The synthesis method for preparing difluoroethylene sulfide by nucleophilic substitution at beta position of gem-difluoroallene compound according to claim 3, wherein in the step (1), the solvent is one or more of dichloromethane, dichloroethane, methanol, ethanol, toluene, xylene or acetonitrile; when two or more mixed solvents are used, the solvents are mixed in an arbitrary ratio; the ratio of the first solvent to the compound 1 is 5-40 mL/g.
9. The synthesis method for preparing difluoroethylene sulfide by nucleophilic substitution at beta-position of gem-difluoroallene compound according to claim 3, characterized in that in the step (1), trifluoroacetic acid is adopted to promote the reaction; the molar ratio of compound 1 to trifluoroacetic acid is 1: (0.1-1).
10. The method for synthesizing difluoroethylene sulfide by nucleophilic substitution of the beta site of the gem-difluoroallene compound according to claim 3, wherein in the step (1), the molar ratio of the compound 1 to the catalyst, the ligand and the compound 2 is 1 (0.003-0.1): (0.003-0.1): (1-4).
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