CN114700509A

CN114700509A - Spindle box with W-axis function

Info

Publication number: CN114700509A
Application number: CN202210552354.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 朱海磊
Original assignee: Ningbo Chenghong Machinery Co ltd
Current assignee: Ningbo Chenghong Machinery Co ltd
Priority date: 2022-05-20
Filing date: 2022-05-20
Publication date: 2022-07-05

Abstract

The invention discloses a spindle box with a W-axis function, and relates to the technical field of machine tool machining. In the invention: the spindle box comprises a speed change mechanism, an axial gear fixedly connected with an output shaft of a spindle motor is installed in the speed change mechanism, a fixed-point moving sliding gear is arranged in the speed change mechanism, and the sliding gear comprises a first front gear and a first rear gear which rotate coaxially. The output end of the displacement oil cylinder is connected with a displacement shaft, and the axial gear is installed on the displacement shaft. The main shaft box comprises a main shaft rod, a main shaft gear is fixedly sleeved on the main shaft rod, and the main shaft gear comprises a second front gear and a second rear gear. The lower part of the main spindle box is provided with a W-axis moving motor, the main spindle box is provided with a group of ball screws driven by the W-axis moving motor to move, and the main spindle box is provided with a pair of nut seats driven by the ball screws to adjust the W-axis moving position. The spindle box with the W-axis function is compact in structure and adopts a mechanical two-gear speed change mode, so that heavy cutting and fine machining of parts are facilitated.

Description

Spindle box with W-axis function

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of machine tool machining, in particular to a spindle box with a W-axis function for a numerical control horizontal machining center.

Background

With the rapid development of manufacturing industry, the requirement on the machining efficiency of a numerical control horizontal machining center is higher and higher, the required working procedures are centralized, a large number of working procedures can be completed by one-time clamping, the main shaft not only needs to meet the requirement on high-speed finish machining performance, but also needs to meet the requirement on low-speed heavy cutting, the working procedures of milling, drilling, broaching and the like, and also needs to be carried out for boring, tapping, stepped hole boring and the like, and the required rotating speeds of the main shaft are different due to different machining processes. In view of such machining needs, it is a problem to be solved to design a headstock with an automatic transmission and a W-axis function to meet the machining needs of current parts.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a spindle box with a W-axis function, which is convenient for heavy cutting and fine machining of parts by designing the spindle box with the W-axis function, which has a compact structure and adopts two mechanical gears for speed change.

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:

the invention provides a spindle box with a W-axis function, wherein a Y-axis driving mechanism for driving the spindle box to vertically lift and move is arranged on one side of the spindle box. The spindle box comprises a speed change mechanism, a spindle motor is arranged on one side of the speed change mechanism, an axial gear fixedly connected with an output shaft of the spindle motor is installed in the speed change mechanism, a fixed-point moving sliding gear is arranged in the speed change mechanism, the sliding gear comprises a first front gear and a first rear gear which rotate coaxially, the radius of the first rear gear is larger than that of the first front gear, and the first rear gear is meshed with the axial gear. The headstock includes the displacement hydro-cylinder, and displacement hydro-cylinder output is connected with the displacement axle, and axial gear installs on the displacement axle. The spindle box comprises a spindle rod, a spindle gear is fixedly sleeved on the spindle rod and comprises a second front gear and a second rear gear, the second front gear is matched with the first front gear of the sliding gear, and the second rear gear is matched with the first rear gear matched with the sliding gear. The lower part of the main spindle box is provided with a W-axis moving motor, the main spindle box is provided with a group of ball screws driven by the W-axis moving motor to move, and the main spindle box is provided with a pair of nut seats driven by the ball screws to adjust the W-axis moving position.

As a preferred technical scheme of the spindle box in the invention: setting the transverse distance between a first front gear and a first rear gear as La, setting the transverse distance between a second front gear and a second rear gear as Lb, and setting the thickness of tooth discs of the first front gear, the first rear gear, the second front gear and the second rear gear as D, wherein Lb is more than La + D; if the distance for the displacement oil cylinder to drive the sliding gear to transversely move is Lm, the Lm is equal to Lb-La.

As a preferred technical scheme of the spindle box in the invention: the transverse distribution range of the tooth opening of the axial gear is matched with the moving range of the first rear gear, and a sliding gear bearing arranged on the displacement shaft is arranged on the inner periphery of the sliding gear.

As a preferred technical scheme of the headstock in the invention: the main shaft box is fixedly provided with a positioning guide plate positioned at the output side position of the displacement oil cylinder, the positioning guide plate is provided with a guide rail groove, and the output shaft rod of the displacement oil cylinder is fixedly provided with a guide clamping block which is arranged at the position of the guide rail groove in a matched mode.

As a preferred technical scheme of the spindle box in the invention: an inner sleeve arranged on the main shaft rod is matched in the main shaft box, an outer sleeve is arranged at the periphery of the inner sleeve, and a main shaft bearing is arranged between the inner sleeve and the outer sleeve.

As a preferred technical scheme of the spindle box in the invention: the output side of the W-axis moving motor is fixedly provided with a gear structure, a transmission gear meshed with the gear structure on the output side of the W-axis moving motor is arranged in the spindle box, and the ball screw is fixedly sleeved with the gear structure meshed with the transmission gear.

As a preferred technical scheme of the spindle box in the invention: the nut seat is provided with a group of threaded through holes, the ball screw is screwed in the threaded through holes of the nut seat, and the front side end and the rear side end of the ball screw are provided with screw bearings.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

the spindle box with the W-axis function has a compact structure, adopts mechanical two-gear speed change, and can facilitate heavy cutting and fine machining of parts; the spindle box has a W-axis function, and can be used for boring deep holes, stepped holes and the like; the spindle box has good coordination with the existing main machine, and is beneficial to realizing the continuous and efficient multi-procedure processing of a numerical control horizontal processing center.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a matching structure of a W-axis spindle box and a Y-axis driving mechanism in the invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the W-axis headstock of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the (bottom) structure of the W-axis headstock of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the transmission assembly inside the W-axis spindle box according to the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the transmission assembly inside the W-axis spindle box in the view from the other side in FIG. 4.

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a structure of the shift cylinder and the sliding gear.

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the transmission of the axial gear, the slip gear and the main shaft gear in the invention.

FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the W-axis moving motor output transmission ball screw in the present invention.

Description of reference numerals:

1-a main spindle box; 2-Y axis driving mechanism; 3-a speed change mechanism; 4-a spindle motor; 5-a main shaft rod; 6-W shaft moving motor; 7-axial gear; 8-sliding gear, 801-first front gear, 802-first rear gear; 9-main shaft gear, 901-second front gear, 902-second rear gear; 10-a displacement oil cylinder; 11-displacement axis; 12-positioning a guide plate; 13-guide rail grooves; 14-a guide clamping block; 15-inner sleeve; 16-a main shaft bearing; 17-an outer sleeve; 18-a sliding gear bearing; 19-a transmission gear; 20-a lead screw bearing; 21-ball screw; 22-nut seat.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

Example one

Referring to fig. 1 to 8, the main structure of the spindle head with the W-axis function according to the present invention is as follows:

spindle box 1: the spindle box 1 can vertically move up and down under the action of the Y-axis driving mechanism 2, the spindle box 1 is provided with the speed change mechanism 3, the speed change mechanism 3 is internally provided with the axial gear 7, the sliding gear 8 and the spindle gear 9 which are matched with each other, the axial gear 7 drives the sliding gear 8 to move, and the sliding gear 8 is matched with the spindle gear 9 in terms of rotating speed and transmission torque after being adjusted to be positioned.

The speed change mechanism 3: the spindle motor 4 is installed on one side of the speed change mechanism 3, the axial gear 7 is fixedly installed on an output shaft of the spindle motor 4, the axial gear 7 is similar to a horizontally placed cylinder, and a long-distance tooth opening is formed in the surface of the axial gear 7, so that the axial gear can be in non-separation type meshing connection with the moving sliding gear 8.

The main shaft rod 5: an inner sleeve 15, a main shaft bearing 16 and an outer sleeve 17 are arranged at the position where the main shaft rod 5 is rotationally connected with the main shaft box 1, a main shaft gear 9 is also fixedly sleeved on the main shaft rod 5, and the output rotating speed and the torque of the main shaft rod 5 are adjusted by switching and matching the main shaft gear 9 and a gear of the sliding gear 8.

W-axis moving motor 6: the W-axis moving motor 6 adopts an alternating current servo motor, a gear structure is arranged on an output rotating shaft of the W-axis moving motor 6, and the drive gear 19 and the ball screw 21 are driven to move, so that the nut seat 22 and the W are driven to move axially, wherein both ends of the ball screw 21 are provided with screw bearings 20 for supporting the ball screw 21 to rotate, and the screw bearings 20 are arranged on vertical supporting plates at the front and rear positions.

Slip gear 8, main shaft gear 9: the sliding gear 8 is slidably mounted on the displacement shaft 11 through a sliding gear 8 bearing, the sliding gear 8 comprises a first front gear 801 and a first rear gear 802, the main shaft gear 9 comprises a second front gear 901 and a second rear gear 902, the radius of the first front gear 801 is smaller than that of the first rear gear 802, and the radius of the second front gear 901 is larger than that of the second rear gear 902. The sliding gear 8 moves forward, and the first front gear 801 is matched with the second front gear 901, so that the main shaft rod 5 obtains low rotating speed for heavy cutting. The sliding gear 8 moves backwards, and the first rear gear 802 is matched with the second rear gear 902, so that the main shaft rod 5 obtains high rotating speed for fine machining.

A displacement oil cylinder 10: the output side of the displacement oil cylinder 10 is connected with a displacement shaft 11, a guide clamping block 14 is installed on the displacement shaft 11, a guide rail groove 13 is formed in the positioning guide plate 12, and the guide clamping block 14 performs directional movement at the position of the guide rail groove 13 of the positioning guide plate 12.

Example two

The spindle box 1 with the W-axis function for the numerical control horizontal machining center comprises a spindle box 1, a spindle rod 5, a spindle bearing 16, an alternating current servo spindle motor 4, a mechanical two-gear speed change mechanism 3, a W axis, an alternating current servo W axis moving motor 6, a W axis driving ball screw 21 and the like.

The main spindle box 1 is changed in speed by a main spindle motor 4 through a two-gear, so that a main spindle rod 5 has two high and low gear rotating speeds and is used for heavy cutting and fine machining. The main shaft bearing 16 is a P4 grade high-precision bearing, and the bearing is lubricated by oil-gas circulation, so that the friction heat of the bearing is effectively removed, and the rotation precision of the main shaft rod 5 is ensured.

The W-axis movement is driven by a W-axis moving motor 6, the W-axis moving motor 6 adopts an alternating current servo motor, two ball screws 21 are enabled to rotate simultaneously through a transmission gear 19, two nut seats 22 are connected with the W-axis, and when the W-axis moving motor 6 drives the ball screws 21 to rotate through the transmission gear 19, the nut seats 22 drive the W-axis to move back and forth for boring deep holes, stepped holes and the like.

The spindle box 1 with the W-axis function has a compact structure, adopts mechanical two-gear speed change, and performs heavy cutting and finish machining on parts; meanwhile, the boring machine has a W-axis function, and can bore deep holes, step holes and the like; in addition, the spindle box 1 can be applied to a traditional machine tool, the driving technology of XYZ axes does not need to be changed, the coordination with a host machine is good, and the continuous and efficient multi-process machining of a numerical control horizontal machining center can be realized.

The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a headstock with W axle function, headstock (1) one side disposes Y axle actuating mechanism (2) that are used for driving headstock (1) vertical lifting movement, its characterized in that:

the spindle box (1) comprises a speed change mechanism (3), a spindle motor (4) is arranged on one side of the speed change mechanism (3), an axial gear (7) fixedly connected with an output shaft of the spindle motor (4) is installed in the speed change mechanism (3), a sliding gear (8) moving at a fixed point is arranged in the speed change mechanism (3), the sliding gear (8) comprises a first front gear (801) and a first rear gear (802) which rotate coaxially, the radius of the first rear gear (802) is larger than that of the first front gear (801), and the first rear gear (802) is meshed with the axial gear (7);

the spindle box (1) comprises a displacement oil cylinder (10), the output end of the displacement oil cylinder (10) is connected with a displacement shaft (11), and the axial gear (7) is installed on the displacement shaft (11);

the spindle box (1) comprises a spindle rod (5), a spindle gear (9) is fixedly sleeved on the spindle rod (5), the spindle gear (9) comprises a second front gear (901) and a second rear gear (902), the second front gear (901) is matched with a first front gear (801) of a sliding gear (8), and the second rear gear (902) is matched with a first rear gear (802) matched with the sliding gear (8);

the lower part of the main spindle box (1) is provided with a W-axis moving motor (6), the main spindle box (1) is provided with a group of ball screws (21) driven by the W-axis moving motor (6) to move, and the main spindle box (1) is provided with a pair of nut seats (22) driven by the ball screws (21) to adjust the W-axis moving position.

2. The spindle head with the W-axis function according to claim 1, wherein:

if the transverse distance between the first front gear (801) and the first rear gear (802) is La, the transverse distance between the second front gear (901) and the second rear gear (902) is Lb, and the thicknesses of the fluted discs of the first front gear (801), the first rear gear (802), the second front gear (901) and the second rear gear (902) are D, then Lb is greater than La + D;

if the distance for the displacement oil cylinder (10) to drive the sliding gear (8) to move transversely is Lm, then Lm is Lb-La.

3. The spindle head with the W-axis function according to claim 1, wherein:

the tooth mouth transverse distribution range of the axial gear (7) is matched with the moving range of the first rear gear (802), and a sliding gear bearing (18) installed on the displacement shaft (11) is arranged on the inner periphery of the sliding gear (8).

4. The spindle head with the W-axis function according to claim 1, wherein:

the main shaft box (1) is fixedly provided with a positioning guide plate (12) located at the output side of the displacement oil cylinder (10), the positioning guide plate (12) is provided with a guide rail groove (13), and a guide clamping block (14) which is arranged at the position of the guide rail groove (13) in a matched mode is fixedly arranged on an output shaft rod of the displacement oil cylinder (10).

5. The spindle head with the W-axis function according to claim 1, wherein:

the spindle box is characterized in that an inner sleeve (15) is arranged on the spindle rod (5) in the spindle box (1) in a matched mode, an outer sleeve (17) is arranged on the periphery of the inner sleeve (15), and a spindle bearing (16) is arranged between the inner sleeve (15) and the outer sleeve.

6. The spindle head with the W-axis function according to claim 1, wherein:

the output side of the W-axis moving motor (6) is fixedly provided with a gear structure, a transmission gear (19) meshed and connected with the gear structure on the output side of the W-axis moving motor (6) is arranged in the spindle box (1), and a gear structure meshed and connected with the transmission gear (19) is fixedly sleeved on the ball screw (21).

7. The spindle head with the W-axis function according to claim 1, wherein:

the nut seat (22) is provided with a group of threaded through holes, the ball screw (21) is screwed in the threaded through holes of the nut seat (22), and the front side end and the rear side end of the ball screw (21) are both provided with screw bearings (20).