CN114700179B - Method for separating and recovering positive and negative active substances of waste lithium iron phosphate - Google Patents
Method for separating and recovering positive and negative active substances of waste lithium iron phosphate Download PDFInfo
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- CN114700179B CN114700179B CN202210281138.8A CN202210281138A CN114700179B CN 114700179 B CN114700179 B CN 114700179B CN 202210281138 A CN202210281138 A CN 202210281138A CN 114700179 B CN114700179 B CN 114700179B
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- iron phosphate
- lithium iron
- waste lithium
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- active substances
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C7/00—Separating solids from solids by electrostatic effect
- B03C7/02—Separators
- B03C7/08—Separators with material carriers in the form of belts
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C7/00—Separating solids from solids by electrostatic effect
- B03C7/003—Pretreatment of the solids prior to electrostatic separation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B25/00—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof
- C01B25/16—Oxyacids of phosphorus; Salts thereof
- C01B25/26—Phosphates
- C01B25/45—Phosphates containing plural metal, or metal and ammonium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/20—Graphite
- C01B32/21—After-treatment
- C01B32/215—Purification; Recovery or purification of graphite formed in iron making, e.g. kish graphite
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/54—Reclaiming serviceable parts of waste accumulators
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/84—Recycling of batteries or fuel cells
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of secondary resource recovery and utilization, and particularly relates to a separation and recovery method of positive and negative active substances of waste lithium iron phosphate, which comprises the following steps: and placing the positive and negative active substances of the waste lithium iron phosphate battery on a conveying belt and under alternating current, and adding an electrostatic field in an alternating current environment to separate the positive and negative active substances of the waste lithium iron phosphate battery. The separation rate of the lithium iron phosphate and the carbon powder can reach more than 95%, the separation precision is high, the method is clean and environment-friendly, and the separation and recovery cost is low.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of secondary resource recovery and utilization, and particularly relates to a method for separating and recovering positive and negative active substances of waste lithium iron phosphate.
Background
Electric vehicles are increasingly valued worldwide due to their great contribution in reducing nitrogen oxide and carbon dioxide emissions, and at the same time, automobile motorization is considered as a mainstream development direction of the future automobile industry. The lithium ion battery has the advantages of high energy density, high voltage, good cycle performance, small self-discharge and the like, and is widely used as a power source of an electric automobile. In recent years, with importance and policy inclination of various countries, the new energy vehicle output is greatly increased, and statistics shows that the global new energy vehicle holding quantity in 2020 is 1000 ten thousand, 42.70% is increased compared with 2019, and with the great increase of the new energy vehicle sales quantity, the demand of lithium ion batteries is also continuously increased, however, in general, the service life of lithium batteries is 5-8 years, from the time of the first electric vehicle in service, a great amount of waste lithium batteries are generated in recent years, only 24.6Gwh waste lithium batteries need to be processed in 2020 in China, and 34.39Gwh waste lithium batteries need to be processed in 2025, and more than half of the waste lithium batteries are lithium iron phosphate batteries. Although the lithium ion battery does not generate any pollutant in the use process, after the lithium ion battery is scrapped, if the lithium ion battery cannot be well treated, a large amount of pollutants (lithium hexafluorophosphate which reacts with air to release HF, heavy metals such as copper, nickel, cobalt and manganese) contained in the scrapped battery can generate a large amount of difficult-to-repair effects on air, soil and underground water, and meanwhile, the waste lithium battery contains a plurality of valuable metals, the content of which is even ten times higher than that of ores, so that the recycling of the waste lithium battery, especially the waste lithium iron phosphate battery, is forced from the aspects of environmental protection and resource recycling. In general, the recycling of the waste lithium iron phosphate battery can be divided into the steps of recycling, pretreatment, active material separation, recycling of battery active materials and the like, wherein the active material separation is one of the most important steps in the recycling process of the waste lithium iron phosphate battery, and the step is a key step for the valuable of the waste lithium iron phosphate battery and is a key step for determining whether the whole recycling process of the waste lithium iron phosphate battery has economic benefits, and particularly for the waste lithium iron phosphate battery with low valuable component content, the economical efficiency of the recycling process is particularly key, so that a plurality of students at home and abroad have studied the waste lithium iron phosphate battery in detail.
At present, the separation and recovery of positive and negative electrode powder in waste lithium iron phosphate batteries can be mainly divided into: manual separation, wet leaching and fire leaching. Both Chinese patent CN201611246184.5 and Chinese patent CN202010561889.6 disclose that the waste lithium iron phosphate positive plate is manually selected from the waste lithium iron phosphate battery, and then pyrolyzed and roasted to remove the lithium iron phosphate positive active substance, so that the obtained purer waste lithium iron phosphate material is directly regenerated and repaired, and the manual sorting is suitable for a direct regeneration and repair process, but simultaneously, the manual sorting is relatively high in cost and relatively low in efficiency due to long time consumption, and is not suitable for large-scale industrial application. Besides manual disassembly, hydrometallurgy is also a main method for recycling lithium iron phosphate positive electrode materials, chinese patent CN202011024921.3 uses waste acid and an oxidant to carry out acid leaching on the recycled positive and negative electrode active mixture, and a method of regulating pH to step precipitation and calcination is adopted after acid leaching to obtain iron phosphate and lithium carbonate products. The Chinese patent CN202010060073.5 firstly uses sodium hydroxide solution to remove aluminum in the positive plate, then uses pyrophosphoric acid solution to leach the waste lithium iron phosphate, and then adjusts the price of a certain amount of lithium source and iron source after leaching, and then regenerates and restores the positive lithium iron phosphate. Besides, both Chinese patent CN202110493702.8 and Chinese patent CN 202110312242.4 propose to treat the waste lithium iron phosphate anode active material by adopting a wet leaching method, and although the purity of the compound obtained by wet metallurgy recovery is relatively high, the problems that salt solution is difficult to treat and the cost is too high always exist in the wet metallurgy process, and meanwhile, the wet metallurgy process is more not suitable for the recovery of the material because the content of valuable components in the waste lithium iron phosphate anode active material is small. Therefore, research on a method for directly regenerating, repairing and separating valuable components in waste lithium iron phosphate anode active materials has important significance.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects, the invention aims to provide a method for separating and recycling the positive and negative active substances of the waste lithium iron phosphate, which is efficient in separation and recycling, clean and environment-friendly and low in cost.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for separating and recovering positive and negative active substances of waste lithium iron phosphate comprises the following steps: and placing the positive and negative active substances of the waste lithium iron phosphate battery on a conveying belt and under alternating current, and adding an electrostatic field in an alternating current environment to separate the positive and negative active substances of the waste lithium iron phosphate battery.
Preferably, the alternating current voltage is 60-220V and the frequency is 40-60Hz.
Preferably, the ac power access mode is a direct contact type or an electromagnetic induction type.
Preferably, the direct current voltage at two ends of the electrostatic field is 40-80kV.
Preferably, the electrostatic field negative electrode is provided with a collecting and transporting device, and the collecting and transporting device is a belt with electrostatic adsorption or a dense net with electrostatic adsorption.
Preferably, the conveying speed of the conveying belt is 0.8-1.2m/s.
Preferably, the conveyor belt is made of an electrically conductive material.
Preferably, a vibrator is further arranged on the conveyor belt.
Preferably, the positive and negative active substances of the waste lithium iron phosphate battery are dried and then placed on a conveying belt.
Preferably, the recovery separation method further comprises: and after the waste lithium iron phosphate battery is crushed, treating electrolyte contained in the waste battery pole piece, and stripping active substances on the waste lithium iron phosphate pole piece by adopting a pyrolysis method after the treatment is finished to obtain positive and negative active substances of the waste lithium iron phosphate battery.
The invention has the positive beneficial effects that:
according to the invention, by utilizing the characteristic that lithium iron phosphate particles are weak in conductivity, after alternating current is introduced into positive and negative active substances of waste lithium iron phosphate batteries, the phenomenon that positive and negative ions which are conductive in the positive lithium iron phosphate particles are stopped or move slowly under the action of continuously changing current can occur due to continuous change of phase sequence of the alternating current, at the moment, the properties of the positive and negative ions are similar to non-conductors, and the conductivity of graphite is not changed under the action of the alternating current due to strong conductivity of the positive and negative ions, at the moment, the properties of the positive lithium iron phosphate are still conductors, and the difference of the conductivity of the positive and negative ions is amplified under the action of the alternating current; further, under the action of the electrostatic field, because graphite is a good conductor of electricity, an electric field opposite to the electrostatic field is generated in the electrostatic field and is offset with the external electric field, so that negative graphite does not generate any motion, and the property of positive lithium iron phosphate is similar to that of a non-conductor due to the action of alternating current, at the moment of contacting the electrostatic field, the internal charge of the positive lithium iron phosphate slowly moves and can not form an internal electric field corresponding to the external electric field, at the moment, the internal charge is acted by the external electric field, and the internal charge moves towards the negative electrode of the electrostatic field under the action of the double action of a conveying belt and the electrostatic field under the action of the electric field, so that the lithium iron phosphate is separated from the graphite, the property of the conductor is recovered, at the moment, the internal charge of the positive active substance lithium iron phosphate is continuously moved to the negative plate under the action of the electric field, and is trapped and recovered by the collecting and conveying device.
Compared with the prior art, the method for separating and recycling the positive and negative active substances of the waste lithium iron phosphate has the beneficial effects that: (1) The separation rate of the lithium iron phosphate and the graphite can reach more than 95%, and the separation precision is high.
(2) The electric separation adopted by the invention is alternating current and electrostatic field, the main separation consumption is power and electrostatic field consumption, the separation and recovery cost is low, and the method is environment-friendly.
(3) The crystal structure of the obtained positive pole lithium iron phosphate is not damaged, so that the direct regeneration and repair of the lithium iron phosphate are facilitated, the cost of the whole recovery process is reduced, and meanwhile, the separation and recovery process is simplified.
(4) The method for separating and recovering the positive and negative active substances of the waste lithium iron phosphate is simple, has good economic benefit, and is particularly suitable for large-scale industrialized production.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a separation and recovery method of positive and negative active substances of waste lithium iron phosphate.
Detailed Description
Referring to fig. 1, a method for separating and recovering positive and negative active substances of waste lithium iron phosphate comprises the following steps: and placing the positive and negative active substances of the waste lithium iron phosphate battery on a conveying belt and under alternating current, and adding an electrostatic field in an alternating current environment to separate the positive and negative active substances of the waste lithium iron phosphate battery.
Further, the alternating current voltage is 60-220V, and the frequency is 40-60Hz.
Further, the alternating current access mode is a direct contact type or an electromagnetic induction type.
Further, the direct current voltage at two ends of the electrostatic field is 40-80kV, and the distance between the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the electrostatic field and the voltage are properly adjusted according to the material properties of the selected waste lithium iron phosphate.
Further, the electrostatic field negative electrode is provided with a collecting and transporting device.
Further, the collecting and transporting device is a belt with electrostatic adsorption or a dense net with electrostatic adsorption or other equipment for transporting separated lithium iron phosphate particles.
Further, the conveying speed of the conveying belt is 0.8-1.2m/s.
Further, the conveyor belt is made of an electrically conductive material and transmits alternating current to the lithium iron phosphate positive and negative active materials.
Further, still set up the vibrator on the transportation belt, through the mode of vibration and control transportation belt conveying speed, guarantee that positive negative pole active material disperses evenly, improve separation effect.
Further, the positive and negative active materials of the waste lithium iron phosphate batteries are dried and then placed on the conveying belt, the particle size of the positive and negative active materials of the waste lithium iron phosphate batteries is 0.1-2mm, and the electric separation effect is better.
Further, the recovery separation method further comprises: and after the waste lithium iron phosphate battery is crushed, treating electrolyte contained in the waste battery pole piece, and stripping active substances on the waste lithium iron phosphate pole piece by adopting a pyrolysis method after the treatment is finished to obtain positive and negative active substances of the waste lithium iron phosphate battery.
The invention will be further illustrated with reference to a few specific examples.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1, a method for separating and recovering positive and negative active substances of waste lithium iron phosphate comprises the following steps: crushing the waste lithium iron phosphate battery, treating electrolyte contained in the waste lithium iron phosphate battery pole piece, peeling active substances on the waste lithium iron phosphate pole piece by adopting a pyrolysis method after the treatment is finished, drying positive and negative active substances of the waste lithium iron phosphate battery obtained by peeling, and then placing the dried positive and negative active substances on a conveying belt to send into an electric separation process, wherein the particle size of the positive and negative active substances of the waste lithium iron phosphate battery is 0.1-2mm. The electric sorting feeding is controlled by a vibrator, the vibrator is arranged above a conveying belt, the uniformity of the feeding is ensured, meanwhile, a material layer is kept in a relatively thin state, a conveying belt is made of a conductive steel belt or other conductive materials, 220V and 50Hz alternating current is fed to the belt surface, the alternating current is connected in a direct contact mode, the voltages at two ends of an electrostatic field are 40kV, the conveying speed of the conveying belt is 1.0m/s, a belt with electrostatic adsorption is arranged near a negative plate, lithium iron phosphate particles in an active substance can be separated from a positive electrode mixture and a negative electrode mixture under the combined action of the alternating current, the electrostatic field and the conveying belt, parabolic motion is carried out towards the negative electrode of the electrostatic field, and the lithium iron phosphate particles are adsorbed by the belt with the electrostatic adsorption, so that the lithium iron phosphate particles are separated from graphite with very high conductivity.
Example 2
A method for separating and recovering positive and negative active substances of waste lithium iron phosphate comprises the following steps: crushing the waste lithium iron phosphate battery, treating electrolyte contained in the waste lithium iron phosphate battery pole piece, peeling active substances on the waste lithium iron phosphate pole piece by adopting a pyrolysis method after the treatment is finished, drying positive and negative active substances of the waste lithium iron phosphate battery obtained by peeling, and then placing the dried positive and negative active substances on a conveying belt to send into an electric separation process, wherein the particle size of the positive and negative active substances of the waste lithium iron phosphate battery is 0.1-2mm. The electric sorting feeding is controlled by a vibrator, the vibrator is arranged below a conveying belt, the uniformity of the feeding is ensured, meanwhile, a material layer is kept in a relatively thin state, the conveying belt is made of a conductive steel belt or other conductive materials, 60V and 60Hz alternating current is fed to the belt surface, the alternating current is connected in a direct contact mode, the voltages at two ends of an electrostatic field are 60kV, the conveying speed of the conveying belt is 1.2m/s, a dense net with electrostatic adsorption is arranged near a negative plate, lithium iron phosphate particles in an active substance are separated from a positive-negative mixture under the combined action of the alternating current, the electrostatic field and the conveying belt, parabolic motion is carried out towards the negative electrode of the electrostatic field, and the lithium iron phosphate particles are adsorbed by the dense net with electrostatic adsorption, so that the lithium iron phosphate particles are separated from graphite with very high conductivity.
Example 3
A method for separating and recovering positive and negative active substances of waste lithium iron phosphate comprises the following steps: crushing the waste lithium iron phosphate battery, treating electrolyte contained in the waste lithium iron phosphate battery pole piece, peeling active substances on the waste lithium iron phosphate pole piece by adopting a pyrolysis method after the treatment is finished, drying positive and negative active substances of the waste lithium iron phosphate battery obtained by peeling, and then placing the dried positive and negative active substances on a conveying belt to send into an electric separation process, wherein the particle size of the positive and negative active substances of the waste lithium iron phosphate battery is 0.1-2mm. The electric sorting feeding is controlled by a vibrator, the vibrator is arranged below a conveying belt, the uniformity of the feeding is ensured, meanwhile, a material layer is kept in a relatively thin state, the conveying belt is made of a conductive steel belt or other conductive materials, 110V,60Hz alternating current is fed to the belt surface, the alternating current is connected in an electromagnetic induction mode, the voltage at two ends of an electrostatic field is 80kV, the conveying speed of the belt is 0.8m/s, a dense net with electrostatic adsorption is arranged near a negative plate, lithium iron phosphate particles in an active substance are separated from a positive electrode mixture and a negative electrode mixture under the combined action of the alternating current, the electrostatic field and the conveying belt, parabolic motion is carried out towards the negative electrode of the electrostatic field, and the lithium iron phosphate particles are adsorbed by the dense net with electrostatic adsorption, so that the lithium iron phosphate particles are separated from graphite with very high conductivity.
Finally, it is noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are merely for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and that other modifications and equivalents thereof by those skilled in the art should be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. The method for separating and recycling the positive and negative active substances of the waste lithium iron phosphate is characterized by comprising the following steps of: placing positive and negative active substances of the waste lithium iron phosphate battery on a conveying belt and under alternating current, and adding an electrostatic field in an alternating current environment to separate the positive and negative active substances of the waste lithium iron phosphate battery;
the alternating current voltage is 60-220V, and the frequency is 40-60Hz;
the direct current voltage at the two ends of the electrostatic field is 40-80kV;
the electrostatic field negative electrode is provided with a collecting and transporting device which is a belt with electrostatic adsorption or a dense net with electrostatic adsorption;
the conveyor belt is made of an electrically conductive material.
2. The method for separating and recovering positive and negative active substances of waste lithium iron phosphate according to claim 1, wherein the alternating current access mode is a direct contact type or an electromagnetic induction type.
3. The method for separating and recovering positive and negative active substances from waste lithium iron phosphate according to claim 1, wherein the conveying speed of the conveying belt is 0.8-1.2m/s.
4. The method for separating and recovering positive and negative active substances from waste lithium iron phosphate according to claim 3, wherein a vibrator is further arranged on the conveyor belt.
5. The method for separating and recovering positive and negative active substances of waste lithium iron phosphate according to claim 1, wherein the positive and negative active substances of the waste lithium iron phosphate battery are dried and then placed on a conveyor belt.
6. The method for separating and recovering positive and negative active substances of waste lithium iron phosphate according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized by further comprising: and after the waste lithium iron phosphate battery is crushed, treating electrolyte contained in the waste battery pole piece, and stripping active substances on the waste lithium iron phosphate pole piece by adopting a pyrolysis method after the treatment is finished to obtain positive and negative active substances of the waste lithium iron phosphate battery.
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| CN103707439A (en) * | 2013-12-17 | 2014-04-09 | 上海交通大学 | Charge attenuation separation device for crushed waste hard plastic particles |
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