CN114687722B - Design method of water flooding well pattern of low-permeability oil reservoir of sandstone - Google Patents
Design method of water flooding well pattern of low-permeability oil reservoir of sandstone Download PDFInfo
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
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- E21B43/30—Specific pattern of wells, e.g. optimising the spacing of wells
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of oilfield development, in particular to a method for designing a water flooding well pattern of a low-permeability oil reservoir of a sandstone. The method comprises the following steps: (1) determining a target reservoir fracture direction; (2) Determining a matrix permeability gradient and a permeability gradient minimum direction; (3) Determining the minimum direction limit oil drainage radius of the matrix permeability gradient; (4) determining a limit run-off radius along the fracture direction; (5) calculating the connecting line direction of the water injection well of the injection well pattern; (6) Calculating the matrix limit oil drainage radius in the connecting line direction of the water injection well and the vertical direction of the water injection well; and (7) calculating the well spacing between the water injection wells and the well spacing between the oil production wells. According to the method, the water flooding well pattern is designed by adopting a method of controlling the fracturing fracture direction and the permeability gradient, so that the water flooding control degree of the low-permeability oil reservoir of the sandstone is improved, the planar balanced displacement in the sand body is realized, and the development effect of the low-permeability oil reservoir of the sandstone is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of oilfield development, in particular to a method for designing a water flooding well pattern of a low-permeability oil reservoir of a sandstone.
Background
The reservoir reserves of the sandstone reservoirs in China are rich in resources and huge in development potential, but due to the characteristics of complex reservoir communication relationship, strong heterogeneity and poor water flooding development effect. Because the low-permeability reservoir of the sand-gravel belongs to offshore underwater fan or fan delta deposition, the scale, the form and the heterogeneity of the sand body are affected by ancient terrains, the supply amount of a substance source, the burial depth of a reservoir and the like, the common well pattern form is difficult to realize effective control of the sand body of the sand-gravel rock and form an effective injection and production corresponding relation. At present, a conventional low-permeability oil reservoir water flooding well pattern design method is mainly adopted to develop the conglomerate low-permeability oil reservoir.
Because of poor physical properties, the low permeability reservoir of the sandstone has low natural productivity, large fracturing production is generally required, and the reservoir fracturing fracture distribution has obvious directionality under the influence of the ground stress direction. Therefore, in the design of the water flooding well pattern, the spreading direction of the fracturing cracks needs to be considered in order to avoid the flooding of the production well caused by the fact that injected water bursts along the cracks.
The sand body is relatively small in scale, is generally influenced by the direction of a material source and ancient topography, is in a tongue shape on a sand body spreading plane, is in a lens shape in the longitudinal direction, and generally has different permeability distribution rules in different directions in the sand body, so that the water driving speeds and effects in different directions are different. Therefore, in order to realize planar balanced displacement in the water flooding well pattern design, the influence of heterogeneity in different directions needs to be considered at the same time.
At present, a conventional low-permeability oil reservoir water flooding well pattern design method is mainly adopted for the low-permeability oil reservoir of the sandstone, the water flooding well pattern design is carried out according to the limit oil drainage radius, the control degree of the water flooding of the low-permeability oil reservoir of the sandstone is low, and the plane displacement is unbalanced in the practical application process. At present, no water flooding well pattern design method for controlling physical property changes in different directions of a sandstone low-permeability oil reservoir, fracturing crack directions and other multifactor is available.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a method for designing a water flooding well pattern of a low-permeability oil reservoir of a sandstone, which adopts a method for controlling the direction of fracturing cracks and the gradient of permeability to design the water flooding well pattern, improves the water flooding control degree of the low-permeability oil reservoir of the sandstone, realizes the planar balanced displacement in the sand body, improves the development effect of the low-permeability oil reservoir of the sandstone, and solves the problems of low control degree and unbalanced planar displacement of the conventional low-permeability oil reservoir of the sandstone.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a method for designing a water flooding well pattern of a low-permeability oil reservoir of a sandstone, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Determining the fracturing fracture direction of a target oil reservoir;
(2) Determining a matrix permeability gradient and a permeability gradient minimum direction;
(3) Determining the minimum direction limit oil drainage radius of the matrix permeability gradient;
(4) Determining a limit drainage radius along the direction of the fracturing fracture;
(5) Calculating the connecting line direction of a water injection well of the injection well pattern;
(6) Calculating the matrix limit oil drainage radius in the connecting line direction of the water injection well and the vertical direction of the water injection well;
(7) And calculating the well spacing between the water injection wells and the well spacing between the oil production wells.
Further, through geological research and ground stress monitoring results, the ground stress spreading characteristics of the target oil reservoir are counted, and data of the fracturing fracture direction are obtained.
Further, physical parameters explained by logging are utilized to count the permeabilities of the target oil reservoir in different directions and different wells, and data of matrix average permeabilities in different directions, matrix permeability gradients in different directions and the minimum direction of the permeability gradients are obtained.
Further, drawing a relation change curve graph between the permeability and the limit control radius; determining the limit oil drainage radius r of the minimum direction of the matrix permeability gradient according to the matrix permeability gradient and the average permeability of the minimum direction of the matrix permeability gradient by utilizing a relation change curve chart between the obtained permeability and the limit control radius 2 。
Further, according to the permeability gradient and the average permeability of the matrix along the direction of the fracturing fracture, determining the limit oil drainage radius of the matrix along the direction of the fracturing fracture by utilizing a relation change curve chart between the obtained permeability and the limit control radius, and according to the half-fracture length of the effective seepage of the fracturing fracture, determining the limit oil drainage radius along the direction of the fracturing fracture:
d＝d 1 +r 1
wherein d is the limit oil drainage radius along the direction of the fracturing fracture, d 1 Half-length, r, of effective seepage for frac fracture 1 Is the ultimate run-off radius of the matrix along the fracture direction.
Further, determining the water injection well connecting line direction of the injection well pattern according to the width of the fracturing fracture, the limit oil drainage radius of the fracturing fracture direction, the direction of the fracture, the direction of the minimum matrix permeability gradient, the limit oil drainage radius and the direction of the minimum matrix permeability gradient:
d·sin(θ-α)+d 2 ·cos(θ-α)＝r 2 ·sin(β-θ)
wherein θ is the connection direction of the water injection well of the injection well network, d is the limit oil drainage radius of the fracturing crack direction, alpha is the fracturing crack direction, d 2 To fracture crack width r 2 The minimum direction of the matrix permeability gradient is defined as the limit drainage radius, and beta is defined as the direction of the minimum matrix permeability gradient.
Further, according to the statistical result of the water injection well connection direction, determining the matrix permeability gradient and the matrix average permeability of the water injection well connection direction and the vertical direction, and determining the matrix limit oil drainage radius of the water injection well connection direction and the matrix limit oil drainage radius vertical to the water injection well connection direction by using a relation change curve graph between the permeability and the limit control radius.
Further, the calculation formula of the well spacing between the water injection wells is as follows:
D＝2·[d·cos(θ-α)+d 2 ·sin(θ-α)+R]
wherein D is the well spacing between the water injection wells, D is the limit oil drainage radius of the fracturing fracture direction, alpha is the fracturing fracture direction, theta is the water injection well connecting line direction of the flooding well network, and D 2 For fracturing crack width, R is the matrix limit oil drainage radius in the connecting line direction of the water injection well.
Further, the calculation formula of the well spacing between oil extraction wells is as follows:
H＝2·[d·sin(θ-α)+d 2 ·cos(θ-α)+r]
wherein H is the well spacing between oil production wells, d is the limit oil drainage radius of the fracturing crack direction, alpha is the fracturing crack direction, theta is the water injection well connecting line direction of the injection well network, and d 2 For fracturing crack width, r is the matrix limit oil drainage radius perpendicular to the connecting line direction of the water injection well.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
according to the invention, through statistical analysis of the physical property change characteristics of the low-permeability oil reservoir of the gritty, the physical property change characteristics of the gritty sand body have good correlation with the direction of the material source, and are generally good in physical property along the direction of the material source, relatively slow in permeability change, poor in physical property along the direction perpendicular to the direction of the material source, and relatively fast in permeability change. Based on the discovery, the method adopts a method of controlling the fracturing fracture direction and the permeability gradient to design the water flooding well pattern, can establish effective displacement, improves the water flooding plane sweep coefficient, improves the water flooding development effect of the conglomerate low-permeability reservoir, improves the recovery ratio, and provides more accurate well pattern design parameters for the design of the water flooding development scheme of the conglomerate low-permeability reservoir.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for designing a water flooding pattern for a low permeability reservoir of a conglomerate according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of a limiting run-out radius determination plate according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the relative direction according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the invention. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of exemplary embodiments according to the present invention. As used herein, the singular forms also are intended to include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, and furthermore, it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, and/or combinations thereof.
In order to enable those skilled in the art to more clearly understand the technical scheme of the present invention, the technical scheme of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific embodiments.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the method for designing the water flooding pattern of the low-permeability oil reservoir of the sandstone comprises the following steps:
(1) Determining a target reservoir fracturing fracture direction: and counting the ground stress spreading characteristics of the target oil reservoir through geological research and ground stress monitoring results, and obtaining data of the fracturing fracture direction (alpha).
(2) Determining a matrix permeability gradient and a permeability gradient minimum direction: and calculating the permeability of the target oil reservoir in different directions and different wells by using physical parameters explained by logging to obtain data of matrix average permeability in different directions, matrix permeability gradients in different directions and minimum permeability gradient direction (beta).
(3) Determining the minimum direction limit oil drainage radius of the matrix permeability gradient: drawing a relation change curve graph between the permeability and the limit control radius; determining the minimum direction limit oil drainage radius (r) of the matrix permeability gradient according to the matrix permeability gradient and the average permeability in the minimum direction of the matrix permeability gradient by using the relation change curve graph between the obtained permeability and the limit control radius 2 )。
(4) Determining a limit run-off radius along the fracture direction: determining the limit oil drainage radius of the matrix along the direction of the fracturing fracture by utilizing a relation change curve graph between the obtained permeability and the limit control radius according to the permeability gradient and the average permeability of the matrix along the direction of the fracturing fracture, and determining the limit oil drainage radius along the direction of the fracturing fracture according to the half-fracture length of the effective seepage of the fracturing fracture:
d＝d 1 +r 1
wherein d is the limit oil drainage radius along the direction of the fracturing fracture, d 1 Half-length, r, of effective seepage for frac fracture 1 Is the ultimate run-off radius of the matrix along the fracture direction.
(5) Calculating the connection direction of a water injection well of the injection well network: according to the width of the fracturing fracture, the limit oil drainage radius of the fracturing fracture direction, the direction of the fracture, the limit oil drainage radius of the minimum direction of the matrix permeability gradient and the direction of the minimum matrix permeability gradient, determining the connection direction of the water injection well of the injection well network, wherein the correlation relation between the directions is shown in fig. 3:
d·sin(θ-α)+d 2 ·cos(θ-α)＝r 2 ·sin(β-θ)
wherein θ is the connection direction of the water injection well of the injection well network, d is the limit oil drainage radius of the fracturing crack direction, alpha is the fracturing crack direction, d 2 To fracture crack width r 2 The minimum direction of the matrix permeability gradient is defined as the limit drainage radius, and beta is defined as the direction of the minimum matrix permeability gradient.
(6) Calculating the matrix limit oil drainage radius in the connecting line direction of the water injection well and the vertical direction of the water injection well: according to the statistical result of the water injection well connecting line direction, determining the matrix permeability gradient and the matrix average permeability of the water injection well connecting line direction and the vertical direction, and determining the matrix limit oil drainage radius of the water injection well connecting line direction and the matrix limit oil drainage radius vertical to the water injection well connecting line direction by utilizing a relation change curve graph between the permeability and the limit control radius.
(7) The well spacing between the water injection wells and the well spacing between the oil production wells are calculated according to the calculation formula:
D＝2·[d·cos(θ-α)+d 2 ·sin(θ-α)+R]
wherein D is the well spacing between the water injection wells, D is the limit oil drainage radius of the fracturing fracture direction, alpha is the fracturing fracture direction, theta is the water injection well connecting line direction of the flooding well network, and D 2 For fracturing crack width, R is the matrix limit oil drainage radius in the connecting line direction of the water injection well.
The calculation formula of the well spacing between the oil production wells is as follows:
H＝2·[d·sin(θ-α)+d 2 ·cos(θ-α)+r]
wherein H is the well spacing between oil production wells, d is the limit oil drainage radius of the fracturing crack direction, alpha is the fracturing crack direction, theta is the water injection well connecting line direction of the injection well network, and d 2 For fracturing crack width, r is the matrix limit oil drainage radius perpendicular to the connecting line direction of the water injection well.
Example 2
The salt 22 block is a typical block of a low-permeability conglomerate oil reservoir of a certain oil field, the reservoir is fast in transverse change, poor in physical property and strong in heterogeneity, the average permeability is about 4.0mD, fracturing production is needed for oil-water wells, the directionality of fracturing cracks is obvious under the control of the maximum principal stress of the stratum, the water injection development has high requirements on well pattern design, and the method for designing the injection well pattern of the block comprises the following specific steps:
(1) Determining fracture direction
The ground stress spreading characteristics of the example are determined through geological research and ground stress monitoring results, and the statistical result shows that the fracturing fracture direction (alpha) is 56 DEG in north east.
(2) Determining the matrix permeability gradient and the minimum permeability gradient direction
And calculating the permeability of different directions and different wells by using physical parameters explained by logging, and calculating to obtain the matrix permeability gradient in different directions. Statistics result shows that the source of the conglomerate sector body of the example comes from the protrusion of the north part, the sector body presents tongue-shaped spreading from north to south, the sector body is influenced by the direction of the source, the physical property along the direction of the source is good, the permeability gradient of the matrix is minimum, and the minimum direction (beta) of the permeability gradient is 180 degrees.
(3) Calculating the limit oil drainage radius of the minimum direction of the matrix permeability gradient
Based on the statistical result, the matrix permeability gradient in the minimum direction of the matrix permeability gradient was 1mD/100m, the matrix average permeability was 5mD, and the minimum direction limit run-off radius (r) of the matrix permeability gradient was determined using a plate (FIG. 2) 2 ) 83m.
(4) Calculating the limit oil drainage radius along the direction of the fracturing fracture
Based on the statistics that the permeability gradient along the direction of the fracture is 3mD/100m, the average permeability is 3mD, and the limit oil drainage radius (r) of the matrix along the direction of the fracture is determined by using a plate (figure 2) 1 ) 33m, half-length of effective seepage of fracture (d) combined with fracturing process optimization and simulation results 1 ) The limit run-off radius (d) along the fracture direction was determined to be 118m at 85 m.
d＝d 1 +r 1 ＝33+85＝118(m)
(5) Calculating the connecting line direction of a water injection well of a flooding pattern
Determining fracture width (d) in combination with fracturing process optimization and simulation results 2 ) 20m, a limit relief radius (d) in the direction of the fracture of 118m, a limit relief radius (r) in the direction of the fracture of 56 DEG in the direction of the minimum matrix permeability gradient 2 ) The direction (beta) of the minimum matrix permeability gradient is 180 degrees, and the water injection well connecting line direction (theta) of the oil extraction well network is 90.3 degrees according to the following formula by utilizing an iterative algorithm. d.sin (θ -. Alpha) +d 2 ·cos(θ-α)＝r 2 ·sin(β-θ)
(6) Determining the limit oil drainage radius of the matrix in the connecting direction and the vertical direction of the water injection well
According to the statistical result, the matrix permeability gradient of the water injection well connection line direction (theta) is 2mD/100m, the matrix average permeability is 5mD, and the limiting oil drainage radius (R) of the water injection well connection line direction is 62m by using a plate (figure 1); the matrix permeability gradient in the direction perpendicular to the line of the water injection well is 2mD/100m, the matrix average permeability is 4mD, and the limiting oil drainage radius (r) in the direction perpendicular to the line of the water injection well is 54m by using a plate (figure 2).
(7) Calculating well spacing between water injection wells and well spacing between oil production wells
According to the above parameters, the interval (D) between water injection wells and the interval (H) between oil production wells were determined to be 341.5m and 218.9m, respectively, by the following formulas.
D＝2·[d·cos(θ-α)+d 2 ·sin(θ-α)+R]
D＝341.5(m)
H＝2·[d·sin(θ-α)+d 2 ·cos(θ-α)+r]
H＝218.9(m)
By adopting the method to design the injection well pattern of the block, the injection and production correspondence rate can be obviously improved, the water flooding development effect can be improved, and the recovery ratio can be improved.
In conclusion, the flooding well pattern designed according to the method can establish effective displacement, improve the water drive plane sweep coefficient, improve the water drive development effect of the low-permeability reservoir of the conglomerate, improve the recovery ratio and provide more accurate well pattern design parameters for the design of the water drive development scheme of the low-permeability reservoir of the conglomerate.
The above examples are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the above examples, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications that do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be made in the equivalent manner, and the embodiments are included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. The design method of the water flooding well pattern of the low-permeability oil reservoir of the sandstone is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) Determining the fracturing fracture direction of a target oil reservoir;
(2) Determining a matrix permeability gradient and a permeability gradient minimum direction;
(3) Determining the minimum direction limit oil drainage radius of the matrix permeability gradient;
(4) Determining a limit drainage radius along the direction of the fracturing fracture;
(5) Calculating the connecting line direction of a water injection well of the injection well pattern;
(6) Calculating the matrix limit oil drainage radius in the connecting line direction of the water injection well and the vertical direction of the water injection well;
(7) Calculating well spacing between water injection wells and well spacing between oil production wells;
calculating the permeability of the target oil reservoir in different directions and different wells by using physical parameters interpreted by logging to obtain data of matrix average permeability in different directions, matrix permeability gradients in different directions and minimum permeability gradient directions;
drawing a relation change curve graph between the permeability and the limit control radius; determining the limit oil drainage radius r of the minimum direction of the matrix permeability gradient according to the matrix permeability gradient and the average permeability of the minimum direction of the matrix permeability gradient by utilizing a relation change curve chart between the obtained permeability and the limit control radius 2 ；
Determining the limit oil drainage radius of the matrix along the direction of the fracturing fracture by utilizing a relation change curve graph between the obtained permeability and the limit control radius according to the permeability gradient and the average permeability of the matrix along the direction of the fracturing fracture, and determining the limit oil drainage radius along the direction of the fracturing fracture according to the half-fracture length of the effective seepage of the fracturing fracture:
d＝d 1 +r 1
wherein d is the limit oil drainage radius along the direction of the fracturing fracture, d 1 Half-length, r, of effective seepage for frac fracture 1 A limit run-off radius for the matrix along the fracture direction;
according to the width of the fracturing fracture, the limit oil drainage radius of the fracturing fracture direction and the direction of the fracture, and the direction of the minimum matrix permeability gradient, namely the direction of the minimum matrix permeability gradient, determining the connecting line direction of the water injection well of the injection well network:
d·sin(θ-α)+d 2 ·cos(θ-α)＝r 2 ·sin(β-θ)
wherein θ is the connection direction of the water injection well of the injection well network, d is the limit oil drainage radius of the fracturing crack direction, alpha is the fracturing crack direction, d 2 To fracture crack width r 2 The minimum direction limit oil drainage radius of the matrix permeability gradient is set, and beta is the minimum direction of the matrix permeability gradient;
the calculation formula of the well spacing between the water injection wells is as follows:
D＝2·[d·cos(θ-α)+d 2 ·sin(θ-α)+R]
wherein D is the well spacing between the water injection wells, D is the limit oil drainage radius of the fracturing fracture direction, alpha is the fracturing fracture direction, theta is the water injection well connecting line direction of the flooding well network, and D 2 For fracturing crack width, R is the matrix limit oil drainage radius in the connecting line direction of the water injection well;
the calculation formula of the well spacing between the oil production wells is as follows:
H＝2·[d·sin(θ-α)+d 2 ·cos(θ-α)+r]
wherein H is the well spacing between oil production wells, d is the limit oil drainage radius of the fracturing crack direction, alpha is the fracturing crack direction, theta is the water injection well connecting line direction of the injection well network, and d 2 For fracturing crack width, r is the matrix limit oil drainage radius perpendicular to the connecting line direction of the water injection well.
2. The method for designing the water flooding well pattern of the conglomerate low-permeability reservoir according to claim 1, wherein the data of the fracturing fracture direction are obtained by counting the ground stress spreading characteristics of the target reservoir through geological research and ground stress monitoring results.
3. The method for designing the water flooding well pattern of the low-permeability reservoir of the sandstone according to claim 1, wherein the matrix permeability gradient and the matrix average permeability in the connecting direction of the water injection well and the vertical direction of the water injection well are determined according to the statistical result of the connecting direction of the water injection well, and the matrix limit oil drainage radius in the connecting direction of the water injection well and the matrix limit oil drainage radius perpendicular to the connecting direction of the water injection well are determined by using a relation change curve graph between the permeability and the limit control radius.
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