CN114687656A - Dual-purpose protective door for tunnel transverse passage - Google Patents
Dual-purpose protective door for tunnel transverse passage Download PDFInfo
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- CN114687656A CN114687656A CN202210475366.9A CN202210475366A CN114687656A CN 114687656 A CN114687656 A CN 114687656A CN 202210475366 A CN202210475366 A CN 202210475366A CN 114687656 A CN114687656 A CN 114687656A
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- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 159
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 89
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 30
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- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 230000000740 bleeding effect Effects 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000002788 crimping Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 7
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- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
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- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
- E06B9/00—Screening or protective devices for wall or similar openings, with or without operating or securing mechanisms; Closures of similar construction
- E06B9/02—Shutters, movable grilles, or other safety closing devices, e.g. against burglary
- E06B9/08—Roll-type closures
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
- E06B9/00—Screening or protective devices for wall or similar openings, with or without operating or securing mechanisms; Closures of similar construction
- E06B9/56—Operating, guiding or securing devices or arrangements for roll-type closures; Spring drums; Tape drums; Counterweighting arrangements therefor
- E06B9/68—Operating devices or mechanisms, e.g. with electric drive
- E06B9/70—Operating devices or mechanisms, e.g. with electric drive comprising an electric motor positioned outside the roller
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F17/00—Methods or devices for use in mines or tunnels, not covered elsewhere
- E21F17/103—Dams, e.g. for ventilation
- E21F17/12—Dam doors
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
- E06B9/00—Screening or protective devices for wall or similar openings, with or without operating or securing mechanisms; Closures of similar construction
- E06B9/56—Operating, guiding or securing devices or arrangements for roll-type closures; Spring drums; Tape drums; Counterweighting arrangements therefor
- E06B9/68—Operating devices or mechanisms, e.g. with electric drive
- E06B2009/6809—Control
- E06B2009/6818—Control using sensors
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- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a tunnel cross passage dual-purpose protective door which comprises a protective door plate, an action driving device and a water-meeting triggering device. The protective door plate is arranged at a door opening arranged in the transverse channel. The water-meeting triggering device is arranged between the protective door plate and the main hole on the corresponding side and is used for triggering the action driving device when the water-inrush depth in the transverse channel reaches a set value. Action drive arrangement divides the both sides of locating protective door board, and links to each other with protective door board to a protective door board for meeting horizontal tractive rolling and extending in the door opening first side under water trigger device's the triggering, so that protective door board seals the door opening towards the second side of door opening horizontal sliding back, and then blocks gushing water in the cross passage and gush into in the main hole of opposite side through the cross passage. The dual-purpose protective door adopts the integration of a small device, realizes the automatic closing of the protective door plate of the tunnel cross passage, and simultaneously meets the requirement of 'permanent temporary combination' advocated during the construction period of tunnel engineering.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel engineering, in particular to a tunnel transverse passage dual-purpose protective door.
Background
The conventional tunnel cross passage fireproof rolling door is of a steel section and suspension type structure, negative air pressure is generated in the special traffic environment of a tunnel due to high-speed passing of vehicles, particularly when large trucks pass at high speed, the cross passage shakes back and forth to generate abnormal sound due to the fact that the air pressure difference between the inner side and the outer side of the cross passage causes the fireproof door, the attention of drivers and passengers is dispersed, and adverse effects are brought to driving safety in the tunnel. There is therefore a need for a protective door that can accommodate the special traffic environment of the tunnel type.
Meanwhile, with the continuous force of national infrastructure construction and the requirement of high-quality city development, the projects of complex geological tunnels such as cross-river tunnels and complex mountain tunnels containing a large amount of water are gradually increased, in order to save the construction period, the construction working surface of the extra-long tunnel is increased by using a transverse channel under the general condition, but under the special condition that a large amount of water is contained in surrounding rocks or the upper part of the tunnel, the extreme condition that the tunnel is submerged by a large amount of water leakage due to stratum mutation can occur, and if a certain tunnel penetrates through a reservoir section for construction, the water enters the cavern at the other side rapidly due to the water permeation accident of the cavern at one side, so that a plurality of constructors are injured and killed. Therefore, need set up the guard gate that can start rapidly in order to realize keeping apart the manger plate under the emergency situation, tunnel engineering construction advocates moreover "facing the combination forever," requires that the facility equipment in the tunnel can the construction period as far as possible and operate the period and use jointly, avoids repeated input, causes unnecessary extravagant, consequently needs to have the tunnel cross passage guard gate of fire prevention, manger plate function concurrently.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a tunnel cross-channel dual-purpose protective door, which solves the technical problems that the existing protective door system can not meet two functional requirements of water retaining, flooding prevention and fire and smoke prevention in the operation period during construction.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a tunnel transverse passage dual-purpose protective door is characterized in that a transverse passage is communicated between main holes on the left side and the right side, and the dual-purpose protective door is respectively arranged in two ends of the transverse passage and close to the main holes on the corresponding side; the dual-purpose protective door comprises a protective door plate for water retaining and fire proofing, an action driving device for driving the protective door plate to act, and a water-encountering triggering device for triggering the action driving device to act after encountering water; the protective door plate is arranged at a door opening arranged in the transverse channel; the water-meeting triggering device is arranged between the protective door plate and the main hole on the corresponding side and is used for triggering the action driving device when the water inrush depth in the transverse channel reaches a set value; action drive arrangement divides the both sides of locating guard gate board, and links to each other with guard gate board to be used for meeting water trigger device's triggering down horizontal tractive rolling in the guard gate board of door opening first side and extend, so that the guard gate board seals the door opening towards the second side of door opening after transversely sliding, and then blocks gushing water in the cross passage and gush into in the main hole of opposite side through the cross passage.
Further, the action driving device comprises a rolling driving mechanism for rolling the opened protective door plate along the transverse direction and a pulling driving mechanism for pulling the rolled protective door plate to slide and unfold along the transverse direction; the rolling driving mechanism is vertically arranged in the first side of the door opening and is used for rolling the protective door plate from the first side of the protective door plate; the drawing driving mechanism is arranged in the second side of the door opening and is connected with the second side of the protective door plate, and the water meeting triggering device is connected with the drawing driving mechanism.
Furthermore, the winding driving mechanism comprises a winding shaft vertically arranged in the first side of the door opening, winding wheels sequentially arranged on the winding shaft at intervals along the length direction of the winding shaft, and a winding motor connected to the top end of the winding shaft; the protective door plate is used for winding a first side of the protective door plate on the reel and the winding wheel in the tunnel construction period; the traction driving mechanism comprises a traction pulley block which is respectively arranged at the upper end and the lower end of the second side of the door opening, a winch which is positioned at the upper end of the door opening, two traction ropes which are used for traction of the protective door plate, and a traction motor which is connected with the winch and is used for driving the winch to act; the two traction ropes are respectively arranged at the upper end and the lower end of the second side of the protective door plate, the first end of each traction rope is connected with the protective door plate at the corresponding side, and the opposite second end of each traction rope is connected with a winch after being wound with the corresponding traction pulley block; the traction motor is connected with the water-meeting triggering device.
Furthermore, the water-encountering triggering device comprises an upper liquid level detector, a lower liquid level detector and a controller, wherein the upper liquid level detector and the lower liquid level detector are arranged on the wall at the bottom end of the transverse channel and are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, and the controller is respectively connected with the upper liquid level detector and the lower liquid level detector; the controller is respectively connected with the curling motor and the drawing motor; or the water-meeting triggering device comprises a liquid level detector arranged on the wall at the bottom end of the transverse passage and a controller connected with the liquid level detector; the controller is respectively connected with the curling motor and the traction motor.
Furthermore, the water-encountering triggering device comprises an outer box body arranged on the wall at the bottom end of the transverse channel, two water-absorbing expansion columns arranged in the outer box body at intervals relatively, a movable limiting strip connected to the top ends of the two water-absorbing expansion columns, a connecting spring, a wheel shaft wound with silk threads, a pulley block and an iron block arranged outside the outer box body; the outer box body is hollowed out, so that water gushing in the transverse channel can flow into the outer box body; the wheel shaft is arranged in a rotating mode, a connecting block with a groove is arranged on the wheel shaft, the connecting spring is positioned above the movable limiting strip, one end of the connecting spring is connected with the inner wall surface of the outer box body, and the other end, opposite to the connecting spring, of the connecting spring is hooked in the groove of the connecting block so as to limit the rotation of the wheel shaft; the pulley block is arranged inside and outside the outer box body, the silk thread is wound on the wheel shaft, the free ends of the silk thread are respectively wound on the rear end parts of the pulley block to be connected with the iron block in a hanging mode, and the iron block is hung over the starting switch of the traction motor.
Furthermore, the tunnel transverse passage dual-purpose protective door further comprises a smoke trigger device, wherein the smoke trigger device is arranged at the top of the main hole and is connected with the traction motor of the traction driving mechanism on the corresponding side, so that the traction driving mechanism is triggered to start when the main hole is in a fire disaster, and the rolled protective door plate is unfolded to close the door hole.
Furthermore, the door opening is square, the periphery of the door opening is provided with an inwards concave water bleeding door groove which is communicated with the square frame, and the water bleeding door groove comprises a top door groove positioned at the top of the door opening, side door grooves positioned at two sides of the door opening and a bottom door groove positioned at the bottom of the door opening; the rolling driving mechanism and the drawing driving mechanism are respectively arranged in the side door slots at two sides of the door opening; the outer periphery of the unfolded protective door plate is arranged in the bleeding door groove on the corresponding side; the bottom gate slot is connected with a drain pipe for draining accumulated water.
Furthermore, the tunnel transverse passage dual-purpose protective door also comprises a groove sealing soft strip for sealing the bleeding door groove, and the groove sealing soft strip is stuck on the periphery of the door opening along the extending direction of the bleeding door groove; the soft strip of seal groove is provided with an easy-to-fold structure extending along the length direction of the soft strip of seal groove, so that the protective door plate can be unfolded smoothly when the protective door plate is stretched due to the disconnection of stress, and two disconnected edges of the soft strip of seal groove are sealed by clinging to two opposite surfaces of the protective door plate respectively.
Furthermore, the protective door plate comprises a roller shutter door body matched with the door opening, two rows of rollers which are arranged at the upper end and the lower end of the roller shutter door body and are arranged at intervals in sequence, and a supporting frame for mounting each roller; the rolling shutter door body is used for rolling on the rolling driving mechanism in the tunnel construction period; the roller is supported in the bleeding gate groove on the corresponding side in a rolling manner.
Furthermore, the rolling shutter door body comprises a square plate-shaped integral frame, fireproof cloth attached to two opposite surfaces of the integral frame, and a waterproof coiled material which is attached to the fireproof cloth and removed in the tunnel operation period; the whole frame comprises a heat insulating material filled inside, sectional type wrapping edges arranged at the upper end and the lower end of the whole frame, steel receiving edges arranged at the two sides of the whole frame, and layering steel plates sequentially laid on the two surfaces of the heat insulating material along the horizontal direction; the layering steel sheet extends along vertical direction, and festival segmentation is bordured respectively to its both ends.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention provides a water-retaining and fireproof dual-purpose protective door which can retain water in a transverse channel during the tunnel construction period and can also realize a subarea fireproof function during the operation period, aiming at the problems that the dual-purpose protective door for the transverse channel is required by the construction period of high-risk tunnel engineering such as rivers, lakes, reservoirs and strata containing a large amount of water bodies temporarily not to pass through the tunnel in the market and the flooding-preventing and fireproof dual-purpose protective door for the tunnel is combined with the construction period and the operation period; the dual-purpose protective door is in a rolling state during normal construction at ordinary times, normal construction is not affected, but when a large amount of water leakage disasters happen to one chamber, the dual-purpose protective door can be automatically unfolded and closed to further partition a transverse channel, so that water inrush accidents caused by water inrush into the other chamber through the transverse channel are avoided, and property loss is reduced; meanwhile, the dual-purpose protective door also has the functions of smoke isolation and fire prevention, so that the dual-purpose protective door can meet the functional requirements of two stages of a tunnel construction period and an operation period, and realizes 'temporary and permanent combination' advocated by engineering construction; the dual-purpose protective door disclosed by the invention is integrated by adopting a small device, the automatic closing of the protective door plate of the tunnel cross passage is realized, and meanwhile, by designing a novel rolling curtain type dual-purpose protective door structure system, the protective door can be applied to water retaining of the cross passage in the tunnel construction period and fire prevention of the cross passage in the operation period under the special hydrogeological condition, the 'permanent combination' requirement advocated during the tunnel engineering construction period is realized, and the protective door has better economic value and practical value, and has better market prospect along with the further expansion of the infrastructure construction market.
In addition to the objects, features and advantages described above, other objects, features and advantages of the present invention are also provided. The present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the drawings.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a tunnel cross-aisle dual-purpose protective door according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic sectional view of III-III in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic sectional view of the direction IV-IV in FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the structure of FIG. 1 from the bottom at I-I;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a fifth embodiment of the water-triggered device of FIG. 1.
Description of the figures
10. A transverse channel; 101. a perimeter; 102. a top gate slot; 103. a side door slot; 104. a bottom door slot; 20. a main hole; 30. a protective door panel; 31. a roller shutter door body; 311. an integral frame; 3111. a thermal insulation material; 3112. segment type edge covering; 3113. steel edge trimming; 3114. pressing a steel plate; 312. fireproof cloth; 313. waterproof coiled materials; 32. a roller; 33. a support frame; 331. a positioning box; 332. a suspension plate; 333. a first roller shaft; 335. a support plate; 336. a second roller shaft; 40. a crimping drive mechanism; 41. a reel; 42. a winding wheel; 43. a crimping motor; 50. a water-encountering trigger device; 51. an outer case; 52. a water-absorbing expansion column; 53. the limiting strip can be moved; 54. a connecting spring; 55. a pulley block; 56. a silk thread; 57. a wheel axle; 58. an iron block; 60. a traction drive mechanism; 61. a traction pulley block; 62. a winch; 63. a pulling rope; 64. a traction motor; 70. a drain pipe; 80. sealing the groove soft strip; 90. a limiting strip; 110. and a limiting baffle.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the invention can be embodied in many different forms, which are defined and covered by the following description.
Referring to fig. 1, the preferred embodiment of the present invention provides a dual-purpose protective door for a tunnel cross-channel, wherein the cross-channel 10 is connected between the main holes 20 at the left and right sides, and the dual-purpose protective door is separately disposed in both ends of the cross-channel 10 and close to the main holes 20 at the corresponding sides. The dual-purpose protective door comprises a protective door plate 30 for water retaining and fire preventing, an action driving device for driving the protective door plate 30 to act, and a water-meeting triggering device 50 for triggering the action of the action driving device after meeting water. The security door panel 30 is installed at a door opening provided in the cross passage 10. The water-meeting triggering device 50 is arranged between the protective door panel 30 and the main hole 20 on the corresponding side, and is used for triggering the action driving device when the water-bursting depth in the transverse channel 10 reaches a set value. The action driving devices are respectively arranged at two sides of the guard door panel 30 and connected with the guard door panel 30, so that the guard door panel 30 rolled on the first side of the door opening is transversely pulled to extend under the triggering of the water-meeting triggering device 50, the guard door panel 30 transversely slides towards the second side of the door opening and then closes the door opening, and water gushing in the transverse channel 10 is blocked to flow into the main opening 20 at the other side through the transverse channel 10.
When the dual-purpose protective door for the tunnel cross passage is in a tunnel construction period, when water enters into a cross passage 10 connected with the dual-purpose protective door for the tunnel cross passage, due to the fact that water gushes from one side of the dual-purpose protective door, when the depth of water body reaches a set height value in a water-meeting trigger device 50, the water-meeting trigger device 50 starts to trigger an action driving device connected with the water-meeting trigger device, the action driving device starts to transversely pull and roll a protective door plate 30 on the first side of a door opening to extend, so that the protective door plate 30 transversely slides towards the second side of the door opening to unfold and then close the door opening, and therefore water entering into the main opening 20 on the other side of the cross passage 10 is timely blocked, and emergency water blocking in the tunnel construction period is further achieved; in the tunnel operation period of the dual-purpose protective door for the tunnel transverse passage, the protective door plate 30 is unfolded to close or semi-close the door opening so as to prevent a vehicle from penetrating the transverse passage 10, and is mainly used for fire prevention, and can also be used for emergency water retaining when water flows into the corresponding side main opening 20.
The invention provides a water-retaining and fireproof dual-purpose protective door which can retain water in a transverse channel during the tunnel construction period and can also realize a subarea fireproof function during the operation period, aiming at the problems that the dual-purpose protective door for the transverse channel is required by the construction period of high-risk tunnel engineering such as rivers, lakes, reservoirs and strata containing a large amount of water bodies temporarily not to pass through the tunnel in the market and the flooding-preventing and fireproof dual-purpose protective door for the tunnel is combined with the construction period and the operation period; the dual-purpose protective door is in a rolling state during normal construction at ordinary times, normal construction is not affected, but when a large amount of water leakage disasters happen to one cavern, the dual-purpose protective door can be automatically unfolded and closed to further block the transverse passage 10, so that water flooding accidents caused by water flooding into the other cavern through the transverse passage 10 are avoided, and property loss is reduced; meanwhile, the dual-purpose protective door also has the functions of smoke isolation and fire prevention, so that the dual-purpose protective door can meet the functional requirements of two stages of a tunnel construction period and an operation period, and realizes 'temporary and permanent combination' advocated by engineering construction; the dual-purpose protective door adopts the integration of a small device, realizes the automatic closing of the tunnel cross passage protective door plate 30, and simultaneously, by designing a novel rolling curtain type dual-purpose protective door structure system, the protective door can be applied to the water retaining of the cross passage in the tunnel construction period and the fire prevention of the cross passage in the operation period under the special hydrogeological condition, realizes the 'permanent temporary combination' requirement advocated during the tunnel engineering construction period, has better economic value and practical value, and has better market prospect along with the further expansion of the infrastructure construction market.
Alternatively, as shown in fig. 1 and 4, the action driving means includes a rolling driving mechanism 40 for rolling up the opened security door panel 30 in the lateral direction, and a pulling driving mechanism 60 for pulling the rolled security door panel 30 to slidably spread out in the lateral direction. The rolling drive mechanism 40 is vertically provided in the first side of the door opening for rolling the security door panel 30 from the first side of the security door panel 30. The pull drive mechanism 60 is disposed within the second side of the door opening and is coupled to the second side of the tambour door panel 30, and the water-encountering trigger device 50 is coupled to the pull drive mechanism 60.
In this alternative, as shown in fig. 1 and 4, the winding driving mechanism 40 includes a winding shaft 41 vertically disposed in the first side of the door opening, winding wheels 42 sequentially installed on the winding shaft 41 at intervals along the length direction of the winding shaft 41, and a winding motor 43 connected to the top end of the winding shaft 41. The security door panel 30 is used to be wound on the winding shaft 41 and the winding wheel 42 at a first side thereof during tunnel construction. In this alternative, the crimping motor 43 is disposed at the top of the transverse passage 10 between the two guard door panels 30, so as to prevent the motor from being damaged due to flooding, and improve the reliability, safety and service life of the operation of the crimping driving mechanism 40.
In this alternative, as shown in fig. 1 and 4, the pulling driving mechanism 60 includes a pulling pulley block 61 respectively disposed at the upper and lower ends of the second side of the door opening, a winch 62 located at the upper end of the door opening, two pulling ropes 63 for pulling the protective door panel 30, and a pulling motor 64 connected to the winch 62 for driving the same to operate. The two pulling ropes 63 are respectively arranged at the upper end and the lower end of the second side of the protective door panel 30, the first end of each pulling rope 63 is connected with the protective door panel 30 at the corresponding side, and the opposite second end is connected with the winch 62 after being wound with the corresponding pulling pulley block 61. A pull motor (64) is coupled to the water-encountering trigger device 50. In this alternative, the traction motor 64 is disposed at the top of the transverse channel 10 between the two guard door panels 30, so as to prevent the motor from being damaged due to flooding, and improve the reliability and safety of the operation of the traction driving mechanism 60 and prolong the service life thereof. During operation, when the water inrush depth of the transverse passage 10 reaches a set value, the water-meeting trigger device 50 triggers the traction motor 64 to start, the traction motor 64 enables the winch 62 to wind the traction rope 63, and then the traction rope 63 pulls the protective door panel 30 to transversely slide and extend to seal the door opening, so that emergency water prevention of the transverse passage 10 is realized.
Alternatively, in the first embodiment of the water-encountering trigger device 50, which is not shown in the figure, the water-encountering trigger device 50 comprises an upper liquid level detector and a lower liquid level detector which are arranged on the wall at the bottom end of the transverse passage 10 and are arranged in sequence from top to bottom, and a controller which is respectively connected with the upper liquid level detector and the lower liquid level detector. The controller is connected to the crimping motor 43 and the pulling motor 64, respectively. In this alternative, the upper and lower level detectors are conventional level sensors. During operation, when gushing water and reaching the height that the liquid level detector detected in the cross passage 10, go up the liquid level detector and send liquid level signal for the controller, the controller is according to the corresponding control tractive motor 64 action of last liquid level signal of receipt, and the door opening is sealed after the protection door panel 30 of tractive rolling expandes, and then blocks in time that gushes water and gushes into the main hole 20 of opposite side through cross passage 10 to realize the emergent manger plate of tunnel construction period. When the water burst height in the transverse channel 10 is reduced to the detection height of the lower liquid level detector, the lower liquid level detector sends a lower liquid level signal to the controller, the controller correspondingly controls the curling motor 43 to act according to the received lower liquid level signal, and when the curling motor 43 controls the protective door panel 30 to be in a rolling state, the controller controls the curling motor 43 to continue to keep the current action, so that the protective door panel 30 keeps rolling; when the protective door panel 30 is controlled to be in the unfolding state by the rolling motor 43, the controller controls the rolling motor 43 to act, so that the unfolded protective door panel 30 gradually slides and is rolled transversely until the door opening is completely opened, and the protective door panel 30 is rolled automatically.
Alternatively, a second embodiment of water-stop apparatus 50, not shown, includes a liquid level detector disposed on the bottom wall of cross-channel 10, and a controller coupled to the liquid level detector. The controller is connected to the crimping motor 43 and the pulling motor 64, respectively. In this alternative, the liquid level detector is a hydraulic pressure sensor, or other sensors that generate different electrical signals according to the liquid level. During operation, when gushing water in the cross passage 10, the liquid level detector continuously sends the liquid level height signal to the controller, and when the liquid level height signal that the controller received reached the system and predetermine the maximum value, the controller started signal control tractive motor 64 and started, and the door opening was sealed after the protection door panel 30 of tractive rolling was expanded, and then in time blocked gush water and gush into the main hole 20 of opposite side through the cross passage 10, realized tunnel construction period's emergent manger plate. When the liquid level height signal received by the controller is the system preset minimum value, if the curling motor 43 controls the protective door plate 30 to be in a rolling state, the controller controls the curling motor 43 to continue to keep the current action, and the protective door plate 30 keeps rolling; if the protective door panel 30 is controlled to be in the unfolding state by the curling motor 43, the controller controls the curling motor 43 to act, so that the unfolded protective door panel 30 gradually slides and is rolled transversely until the door opening is completely opened, and the protective door panel 30 is rolled automatically.
Optionally, a third embodiment of the water-encountering trigger device 50, not shown, includes an outer box disposed on the wall of the bottom end of the transverse passage 10, a water-absorbing expansion block, a limiting strip, a connecting spring, a top moving strip and a wheel axle wound with silk threads disposed in the outer box, and an iron block disposed outside the outer box. The outer box body is hollowed out, so that water gushing in the transverse channel 10 can flow into the outer box body. One end of the limiting strip is rotatably arranged, and the other end opposite to the limiting strip is connected with the water absorption expansion block. The two ends of the connecting spring are respectively connected with a limiting strip and a jacking strip, the wheel shaft is rotatably arranged, a connecting block extends outwards from one end of the wheel shaft, and the jacking strip is inserted into a limiting hole formed in the connecting block to limit the wheel shaft. The wire is wound on the wheel shaft, and the free end of the wire extends out of the outer box body to suspend the iron block, and the iron block is suspended right above the starting switch of the traction motor 64. When water gushes into the outer box body through the transverse channel 10, the water-absorbing expansion block absorbs water to expand, drives the limit strip to rotate around the hinged end of the limit strip, further pulls the connecting spring to extend, the top moving strip is gradually pulled in the extending process of the connecting spring, the top moving strip gradually slides out of the limit hole formed in the connecting block, after the top moving strip slides out of the limit hole, the wheel shaft is unlocked, under the self-weight action of the iron block, the wheel shaft rotates under the pulling action of silk threads wound on the wheel shaft, the iron block falls, the falling iron block touches a starting switch of a traction motor 64 right below, the traction motor 64 is started, the rolled protective door plate 30 transversely expands to close the door hole, and further the water gushes into the main hole 20 on the other side through the transverse channel 10 are timely blocked, so that emergency water blocking in the construction period of the tunnel is realized; gush water and cross the back, water trigger device 50 is met to more renewal water again, and the driving mechanism 40 that contracts of book still is connected with starting switch, starting switch installs on the inner wall of the cross passage 10 between two protective door panels 30, and be higher than water trigger device 50 meet water and trigger the height, thereby gush water and cross the back, can artifical manual trigger starting switch make the action of the driving mechanism 40 that contracts of book, and then make the motor 43 that contracts start and drive spool 41 and rotate, spool 41 is by protective door panel 30's the first side horizontal rolling protective door panel 30 gradually.
Alternatively, a fourth embodiment of the water-encountering trigger device 50, as shown in fig. 4 and 5, the water-encountering trigger device 50 comprises an outer box 51 arranged on the bottom wall of the transverse passage 10, two water-absorbing expansion columns 52 arranged in the outer box 51 at intervals, a movable limit strip 53 connected to the top ends of the two water-absorbing expansion columns 52, a connecting spring 54, an axle 57 wound with a wire 56, a pulley block 55, and an iron block 58 arranged outside the outer box 51. The outer box 51 is hollowed out so that the water gushing from the transverse channel 10 can flow into the outer box 51. The axle 57 is rotatably provided with a connecting block with a groove, the connecting spring 54 is positioned above the movable limiting strip 53, one end of the connecting spring 54 is connected with the inner wall surface of the outer box body 51, and the other opposite end is hooked in the groove of the connecting block to limit the rotation of the axle 57. The pulley block 55 is arranged inside and outside the outer box body 51, the silk 56 is wound on the wheel shaft 57, the free ends of the silk are respectively wound on the rear end parts of the pulley block 55 to be suspended and connected with the iron block 58, and the iron block 58 is suspended right above the starting switch of the traction motor 64. In this alternative, the water-absorbing expansion column 52 includes a hollow cylindrical limiting outer hoop column and water-swellable strips disposed in the limiting outer hoop column, and the movable limiting strips 53 are connected to the top ends of the two water-swellable strips.
When water gushes into the outer box body 51 through the transverse channel 10, the water-swellable strip inside the water-swellable column 52 absorbs water and swells, extends upwards along the vertical direction under the limit of the limit outer hoop column, so as to drive the connecting spring 54 to deflect upwards, the free end of the connecting spring 54 is separated from the groove of the connecting block in the upward deflection process, the wheel shaft 57 is unlocked, under the self-weight action of the iron block 58, the wheel shaft 57 rotates under the pulling action of the silk thread 56 wound on the wheel shaft 57, the iron block 58 falls, the falling iron block 58 touches the starting switch of the traction motor 64 right below, the traction motor 64 is started, the rolled protective door panel 30 slides transversely and expands to close the door opening, and then the gushing water is blocked from gushing into the main opening 20 on the other side through the transverse channel 10 in time, so as to realize emergency water blocking in the tunnel construction period; gush water and cross the back, the water trigger device 50 that meets that renews again, and the drive mechanism 40 that contracts of curling still is connected with starting switch, starting switch installs on the inner wall of the cross passage 10 between two protective door panels 30, and be higher than the water trigger height of meeting water trigger device 50, thereby gush water and cross the back, can artifically manually trigger starting switch and make the drive mechanism 40 action that contracts of curling, and then make the motor 43 that contracts start-up drive spool 41 rotate, spool 41 is by protective door panel 30's the first side horizontal rolling protective door panel 30 gradually.
Optionally, the tunnel and cross-channel dual-purpose protective door further comprises a smoke trigger device, the smoke trigger device is arranged at the top of the main hole 20 and is connected with the pulling motor 64 of the pulling driving mechanism 60 on the corresponding side, so as to trigger the pulling driving mechanism 60 to be started when a fire occurs in the main hole 20, and the rolled protective door panel 30 is unfolded to close the door hole. In this alternative, the smoke trigger device comprises an ion-type smoke sensor and a controller connected with the ion-type smoke sensor, and the traction motor 64 is connected with the controller; the ionic smoke sensor is attached to the top of the main hole 20 at the intersection with the cross channel 10. When dense smoke released in the initial stage of fire disaster is suddenly located at the top of the main tunnel, an ion field generated in the sensor is unstable, the electric balance state is broken, a detection electric signal is output, the detection electric signal is identified and processed by the controller, the traction motor 64 is excited to be opened by the electric switch, the protective door plate 30 is unfolded and closed, and the fire and smoke diffusion is blocked. The ion type smoke sensor can be installed and debugged after the project is finished and before the project is operated.
Optionally, as shown in fig. 1, the door opening is square, and the periphery 101 of the door opening is provided with recessed and communicated bleeding door slots in a square shape, where the bleeding door slots include a top door slot 102 located at the top of the door opening, side door slots 103 located at both sides of the door opening, and a bottom door slot 104 located at the bottom of the door opening. The crimping drive 40 is mounted internally within the top door slot 102. The rolling drive mechanism 40 and the drawing drive mechanism 60 are respectively arranged in the side door slots 103 at two sides of the door opening. The outer circumference of the security door panel 30 after being unfolded is installed in the bleeding door groove at the corresponding side. The bottom gate slot 104 is connected to a drain pipe 70 for draining accumulated water.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 1, the dual-purpose protective door for tunnel transverse passage further comprises a soft groove sealing strip 80 for sealing the bleeding door groove, and the soft groove sealing strip 80 is adhered to the periphery of the door opening along the extending direction of the bleeding door groove. The soft strip 80 of the sealing groove is provided with an easy-folding structure extending along the length direction thereof, so that the protective door plate 30 can be smoothly unfolded when the protective door plate 30 is stretched by breaking under stress, and two broken edges of the soft strip 80 of the sealing groove are respectively sealed by clinging to two opposite surfaces of the protective door plate 30. In this preferred scheme, as shown in fig. 1, seal soft strip in groove 80 thick 2 ~ 4mm for prevent that the foreign matter from filling the bleeding door groove, and be used for guaranteeing to expand when guard gate board 30 and tear the soft strip in groove 80 after, two break edges of the soft strip in groove 80 of seal hug closely the relative two sides of guard gate board 30 respectively, thereby reach the manger plate effect. Further, as shown in fig. 2 and fig. 3, the tunnel cross-channel dual-purpose protective door further includes two limiting baffles 110 respectively disposed at each of the top door slot 102 and the two side door slots 103, the two limiting baffles 110 are oppositely disposed at intervals and fixed on the corresponding periphery of the door opening, and the groove-sealing soft strip 80 is adhered to the corresponding limiting baffle 110. The limiting baffle 110 is used for ensuring that the position of the protective door does not deviate when the protective door bears water pressure and vehicle running air pressure, and the waterproof effect and the driving safety are ensured.
In this preferred scheme, easily roll over the first embodiment of structure, easily roll over the structure including being located the center of the soft strip 80 width direction of a groove and along the fracture that the soft strip 80 length direction of a groove set up at intervals in proper order, the fracture runs through the soft strip 80 of a groove along the thickness direction of the soft strip 80 of a groove, owing to the fracture effect that sets up at intervals in proper order on the soft strip 80 of a groove, reduce the structural strength of the soft strip 80 of a groove in this department, break off easily in easy structure department when making the soft strip 80 atress of a groove.
In this alternative, the second embodiment of easy book structure, easy book structure is including being located the center of the soft strip 80 width direction of a sealing groove and along the incision seam that the soft strip 80 length direction of a sealing groove extends, the incision seam is formed by the processing of the lower surface indent of the soft strip 80 of a sealing groove, because the effect of the incision seam that indent processing set up on the soft strip 80 lower surface of a sealing groove, reduce the structural strength of the soft strip 80 of a sealing groove in this department, make easy breaking in easy book structure department during the soft strip 80 atress of a sealing groove.
Optionally, as shown in fig. 1, the security door panel 30 includes a roller door 31 adapted to the door opening, two rows of rollers 32 disposed at the upper and lower ends of the roller door 31 at intervals in sequence, and a support frame 33 for mounting each roller 32. The rolling shutter door body 31 is used for rolling on the rolling driving mechanism 40 during the tunnel construction period. The roller 32 is supported in the bleeding gate groove on the corresponding side in a rolling manner. The upper end and the lower end of the protective door plate 30 are respectively provided with the roller 32, so that the sliding friction between the protective door plate 30 and a bleeding door groove can be reduced, and the protective door plate 30 can be conveniently and smoothly unfolded and rolled. In this alternative, as shown in fig. 2 and 3, the support frame 33 includes a suspension bracket disposed at an upper end of the rolling door body 31, and a support bottom frame disposed at a lower end of the rolling door body 31. The suspension bracket comprises a hollow positioning box 331 laid on the bottom surface of the top door slot 102 along the length direction of the top door slot 102, a suspension plate 332 fixedly connected to the top of the roller shutter door body 31, and a first roller 333 vertically penetrating the suspension plate 332 and rotatably arranged. The bottom surface of the positioning box 331 is provided with a notch groove extending along the length direction, the suspension plate 332 extends into the positioning box 331 through the notch groove and then is connected with the first roller shaft 333, two ends of the first roller shaft 333 are respectively provided with the roller 32 in a rotating manner, and the roller 32 is supported on the bottom plate of the positioning box 331 at two sides of the notch groove. Preferably, both ends of the first roller shaft 333 extend close to the inner side wall of the positioning box 331, respectively, so as to limit the sliding of the guard door panel 30 and ensure that the guard door panel 30 does not shift when bearing the water pressure. The supporting base frame comprises two supporting plates 335 which are oppositely arranged along the width direction of the roller shutter door body 31 and are respectively connected with the bottom end of the roller shutter door body 31, and a second roller shaft 336 with two ends respectively vertically penetrating through the two supporting plates 335 and rotatably arranged, and the second roller shaft 336 is provided with a roller 32. Preferably, two spacing strips 90 which are oppositely arranged at intervals and extend along the length direction of the bottom door groove 104 are further arranged on the groove bottom surface of the bottom door groove 104, and the roller 32 is located between the two spacing strips 90, so that the sliding of the protective door panel 30 is limited, and the protective door panel 30 is ensured not to shift when bearing water pressure.
In this alternative, as shown in fig. 1, the rolling door 31 includes a square plate-shaped integrated frame 311, fire protection cloths 312 attached to opposite surfaces of the integrated frame 311, and a waterproof roll 313 attached to the fire protection cloths 312 and removed during the tunnel operation. The entire frame 311 includes a heat insulating material 3111 filled inside, a segmented wrapping 3112 provided at upper and lower ends of the entire frame 311, a steel wrapping 3113 provided at both sides of the entire frame 311, and a bead steel plate 3114 laid on both sides of the heat insulating material 3111 in sequence in a horizontal direction. The layering steel sheet 3114 extends along vertical direction, and festival segmentation is bordured 3112 is connected respectively at its both ends.
In the specific embodiment of this alternative, the sectional type covered edge 3112 is of a chain type bendable structure, the sectional type covered edge 3112 arranged at intervals is used as a flexible chain for transverse connection of the rolling door body 31, the steel edge 3113 arranged at two sides of the rolling door body 31 and the middle batten steel plate 3114 are combined to form the integral frame 311 of the rolling door body 31, and the integral frame 311 is filled with heat insulation cotton or other heat insulation materials 3111 to form a heat insulation layer; the fireproof cloth 312 is attached outside the heat insulation layer to realize fireproof; and a waterproof coiled material 313 is adhered to the outer side of the fireproof cloth 312 to form an outer sealing water-resisting layer, so that the protective door panel with the double functions of fire prevention and water retaining is formed, and the thickness of the panel is 5-8 cm. Further, since the water retaining function is not needed during the operation of the tunnel, and the waterproof roll 313 on the surface layer can affect the fireproof function of the protective door, the waterproof material on the surface of the protective door needs to be torn off before the operation of the tunnel is finished and started in the construction period of the tunnel, and the protective door panel 30 is converted from the water retaining flood-preventing function to the fireproof function. The rolling shutter door body 31 is simple in structure and strong in overall rigidity, and the limiting structures and the limiting baffles 110 are arranged at the upper end and the lower end of the rolling shutter door body, so that the rolling shutter door body is suitable for protective doors of tunnel transverse passages and the like which have special environments such as frequent and irregular air pressure changes, abnormal sounds influencing driving safety due to rapid passing of vehicles can be avoided, and the driving environment of the tunnel is optimized.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A dual-purpose protective door for a tunnel transverse passage is characterized in that the dual-purpose protective door is respectively arranged in two ends of the transverse passage (10) and close to the main holes (20) on the corresponding side, and the transverse passage (10) is communicated between the main holes (20) on the left side and the main holes on the right side;
the dual-purpose protective door comprises a protective door plate (30) for water and fire prevention, an action driving device for driving the protective door plate (30) to act, and a water-encountering triggering device (50) for triggering the action driving device to act after encountering water;
the protective door plate (30) is arranged at a door opening arranged in the transverse channel (10);
the water triggering device (50) is arranged between the protective door panel (30) and the main hole (20) on the corresponding side and is used for triggering the action driving device when the water inrush depth in the transverse channel (10) reaches a set value;
action drive arrangement branch is located the both sides of protective door board (30), and with protective door board (30) link to each other, with be used for meeting the triggering of water trigger device (50) down horizontal tractive rolling in the door opening first side protective door board (30) extend, so that protective door board (30) seal after towards the second side horizontal slip of door opening the door opening, and then block gush water in cross channel (10) pass through cross channel (10) gush into the opposite side in main hole (20).
2. The dual-purpose protective door for tunnel and cross-channel of claim 1,
the action driving device comprises a rolling driving mechanism (40) for rolling the opened protective door plate (30) along the transverse direction and a pulling driving mechanism (60) for pulling the rolled protective door plate (30) to slide and unfold along the transverse direction;
the rolling driving mechanism (40) is vertically arranged in the first side of the door opening and is used for rolling the protective door plate (30) from the first side of the protective door plate (30);
the drawing driving mechanism (60) is arranged in the second side of the door opening and connected with the second side of the protective door plate (30), and the water meeting trigger device (50) is connected with the drawing driving mechanism (60).
3. The dual-purpose protective door for tunnel and cross-channel of claim 2,
the rolling driving mechanism (40) comprises a scroll (41) vertically arranged in the first side of the door opening, a rolling wheel (42) sequentially arranged on the scroll (41) at intervals along the length direction of the scroll (41), and a rolling motor (43) connected to the top end of the scroll (41); the protective door plate (30) is used for winding a first side of the protective door plate on the winding shaft (41) and the winding wheel (42) during tunnel construction;
the traction driving mechanism (60) comprises traction pulley blocks (61) which are respectively arranged at the upper end and the lower end of the second side of the door opening, a winch (62) which is positioned at the upper end of the door opening, two traction ropes (63) which are used for traction of the protective door panel (30), and a traction motor (64) which is connected with the winch (62) and is used for driving the winch (62) to act; the two pulling ropes (63) are respectively arranged at the upper end and the lower end of the second side of the protective door plate (30), the first end of each pulling rope (63) is connected with the protective door plate (30) at the corresponding side, and the opposite second end of each pulling rope (63) is connected with the winch (62) after being wound with the corresponding pulling pulley block (61); the pulling motor (64) is connected with the water-meeting triggering device (50).
4. The dual-purpose protective door for tunnel and cross-channel of claim 3,
the water-meeting triggering device (50) comprises an upper liquid level detector and a lower liquid level detector which are arranged on the wall at the bottom end of the transverse channel (10) and are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, and controllers which are respectively connected with the upper liquid level detector and the lower liquid level detector; the controller is respectively connected with the crimping motor (43) and the drawing motor (64); or
The water-meeting triggering device (50) comprises a liquid level detector arranged on the wall of the bottom end of the transverse passage (10) and a controller connected with the liquid level detector; the controller is respectively connected with the curling motor (43) and the drawing motor (64).
5. The dual-purpose protective door for tunnel and cross-channel of claim 3,
the water contact triggering device (50) comprises an outer box body (51) arranged on the wall at the bottom end of the transverse channel (10), two water absorption expansion columns (52) arranged in the outer box body (51) at intervals, a movable limiting strip (53) connected to the top ends of the two water absorption expansion columns (52), a connecting spring (54), a wheel shaft (57) wound with silk threads (56), a pulley block (55) and an iron block (58) arranged outside the outer box body (51);
the outer box body (51) is arranged in a hollow manner, so that water gushing from the transverse channel (10) can flow into the outer box body (51);
the wheel shaft (57) is rotatably arranged, a connecting block with a groove is arranged on the wheel shaft, the connecting spring (54) is positioned above the movable limiting strip (53), one end of the connecting spring (54) is connected with the inner wall surface of the outer box body (51), and the other end opposite to the connecting spring is hooked in the groove of the connecting block so as to limit the rotation of the wheel shaft (57);
the pulley block (55) is arranged inside and outside the outer box body (51), the silk thread (56) is wound on the wheel shaft (57), the free ends of the silk thread are respectively wound on the rear end part of the pulley block (55) to be connected with the iron block (58) in a hanging mode, and the iron block (58) is hung over a starting switch of the traction motor (64).
6. The dual-purpose protective door for tunnel and cross-channel of claim 3,
the dual-purpose protective door for the tunnel and the transverse channel further comprises a smoke triggering device, wherein the smoke triggering device is arranged at the top of the main hole (20) and is connected with the traction motor (64) of the traction driving mechanism (60) on the corresponding side, so that the traction driving mechanism (60) is triggered to be started when the main hole (20) is in a fire disaster, and the rolled protective door panel (30) is unfolded to close the door hole.
7. The dual-purpose protective door for tunnel and transverse passage of claim 3,
the door opening is square, concave bleeding door slots which are communicated with the square frame are arranged on the periphery (101) of the door opening, and each bleeding door slot comprises a top door slot (102) positioned at the top of the door opening, side door slots (103) positioned at two sides of the door opening and a bottom door slot (104) positioned at the bottom of the door opening;
the rolling driving mechanism (40) and the drawing driving mechanism (60) are respectively arranged in the side door slots (103) at two sides of the door opening;
the outer periphery of the unfolded protective door plate (30) is arranged in the bleeding door groove on the corresponding side;
the bottom gate slot (104) is connected with a drain pipe (70) for draining accumulated water.
8. The dual-purpose protective door for tunnel and cross-channel of claim 7,
the dual-purpose protective door for the tunnel transverse passage further comprises a groove sealing soft strip (80) for sealing the bleeding door groove, and the groove sealing soft strip (80) is adhered to the periphery of the door opening along the extending direction of the bleeding door groove;
the soft groove sealing strip (80) is provided with an easy-folding structure extending along the length direction of the soft groove sealing strip, so that the protective door plate (30) can be unfolded smoothly when the protective door plate (30) is stretched due to stress disconnection, and two disconnection edges of the soft groove sealing strip (80) are respectively tightly attached to two opposite surfaces of the protective door plate (30) for sealing.
9. The dual-purpose protective door for tunnel and cross-channel of claim 8,
the protective door plate (30) comprises a roller shutter door body (31) corresponding to the door opening, two rows of rollers (32) which are arranged at the upper end and the lower end of the roller shutter door body (31) and are arranged at intervals in sequence, and a support frame (33) for mounting each roller (32);
the rolling shutter door body (31) is used for rolling on the rolling driving mechanism (40) in the tunnel construction period;
the roller (32) is supported in the bleeding door groove on the corresponding side in a rolling manner.
10. The dual-purpose protective door for tunnel cross-channel of claim 9,
the rolling shutter door body (31) comprises a square plate-shaped integral frame (311), fireproof cloth (312) attached to two opposite surfaces of the integral frame (311), and a waterproof coiled material (313) which is attached to the fireproof cloth (312) and removed in a tunnel operation period;
the integral frame (311) comprises a heat insulation material (3111) filled inside, sectional type wrapping edges (3112) arranged at the upper end and the lower end of the integral frame (311), steel wrapping edges (3113) arranged at two sides of the integral frame (311), and pressing strip steel plates (3114) sequentially laid on two surfaces of the heat insulation material (3111) along the horizontal direction;
the layering steel sheet (3114) extend along vertical direction, and its both ends are connected respectively festival segmentation is bordured (3112).
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210475366.9A CN114687656B (en) | 2022-04-29 | 2022-04-29 | Dual-purpose protective door for tunnel and transverse channel |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202210475366.9A CN114687656B (en) | 2022-04-29 | 2022-04-29 | Dual-purpose protective door for tunnel and transverse channel |
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| CN114687656A true CN114687656A (en) | 2022-07-01 |
| CN114687656B CN114687656B (en) | 2024-03-26 |
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| CN114687656B (en) | 2024-03-26 |
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