CN114686654A - Bearing steel spheroidizing annealing method and system based on pulsed magnetic field - Google Patents
Bearing steel spheroidizing annealing method and system based on pulsed magnetic field Download PDFInfo
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- CN114686654A CN114686654A CN202210361285.6A CN202210361285A CN114686654A CN 114686654 A CN114686654 A CN 114686654A CN 202210361285 A CN202210361285 A CN 202210361285A CN 114686654 A CN114686654 A CN 114686654A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
- C21D1/32—Soft annealing, e.g. spheroidising
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/04—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering with simultaneous application of supersonic waves, magnetic or electric fields
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D11/00—Process control or regulation for heat treatments
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/40—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for rings; for bearing races
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Abstract
The invention discloses a bearing steel spheroidizing annealing method and system based on a pulsed magnetic field, relating to the field of bearing steel heat treatment and comprising the following specific steps: preheating the furnace temperature: preheating an annealing furnace to 780-810 ℃, and keeping the temperature constant; heating bearing steel: sending the bearing steel sample into an annealing furnace, applying a pulse magnetic field and timing; cooling for the first time: cooling the temperature of the annealing furnace to 700-730 ℃, keeping the temperature at a constant temperature, and timing; and (3) cooling for the second time: cooling the annealing furnace to 650 ℃, taking out the bearing steel sample, and carrying out air cooling; the method accelerates the dissolution of carbide by coupling the pulsed magnetic field and the thermal field, and greatly shortens the spheroidizing annealing heat treatment time; the production efficiency is greatly improved, and the production cycle of the product is shortened; and the spheroidized structure treated by the pulsed magnetic field has uniform structure and high spheroidization degree, and provides good structure preparation for a subsequent quenching and tempering method of spheroidizing annealing.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of heat treatment of bearing steel, in particular to a bearing steel spheroidizing annealing method and system based on a pulsed magnetic field.
Background
In the spheroidizing annealing process, two stages are roughly divided into an austenitizing stage, in the process, network carbide and intra-granular lamellar carbide at grain boundaries are not completely dissolved in ferrite, the dissolution is excessive, the quantity of enough residual carbide is not favorable to serve as the core of pearlite heterotactic transformation in the subsequent cooling process, the dissolution is too little, the grain size difference of the pearlite carbide in the subsequent cooling process is large, the uniformity is poor, and the fatigue performance of a finished product is greatly influenced by the fact that the network carbide is not dissolved.
The temperature is kept slightly higher than Ac1 (780-810 ℃ in GCr 15) by adopting the traditional method, and then the steel is slowly cooled (25 ℃/hour) along with the furnace to below 650 ℃ and taken out of the furnace for air cooling. If the cooling speed is too fast, the carbide is fine and dispersed, the hardness is higher, and if the cooling speed is too slow, the carbide is aggregated and grown, and the hardness is lower. The method has long heat treatment time (more than 20 h), and the grains of the annealed carbide are not uniform, thereby influencing the structure and the performance of the subsequent cold working and final quenching and tempering. The other method is to adopt heating (780-820 ℃) and then fast cooling to Ac1 within a certain temperature range (690-720 ℃) for isothermal, finish the transformation from austenite to ferrite and carbide in the isothermal process, and directly discharge from a furnace for air cooling after the transformation is finished. Although the heat treatment time of this method is short, it takes about 8 hours.
Therefore, it is an urgent problem to those skilled in the art to develop an annealing method capable of greatly shortening the spheroidizing annealing heat treatment time.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a method and a system for spheroidizing annealing of bearing steel based on a pulsed magnetic field, which overcome the above-mentioned drawbacks.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a bearing steel spheroidizing annealing method based on a pulsed magnetic field comprises the following specific steps:
preheating the furnace temperature: preheating an annealing furnace to 780-810 ℃, and keeping the temperature constant;
heating bearing steel: sending the bearing steel sample into an annealing furnace, and applying a pulse magnetic field to dissolve carbide in the bearing steel sample into body ferrite; and timing while applying the pulsed magnetic field;
cooling for the first time: cooling the temperature of the annealing furnace to 700-730 ℃, keeping the temperature at a constant temperature, and timing;
and (3) cooling for the second time: and cooling the furnace temperature of the annealing furnace to 650 ℃, taking out the bearing steel sample, and carrying out air cooling.
Optionally, in the step of heating the bearing steel, parameters of the pulsed magnetic field are as follows: the magnetic field intensity is 10-50 mT, the duty ratio is 20-60%, the frequency is 20-60 Hz, and the average current is 20-60A.
Optionally, in the step of heating the bearing steel, the treatment time is 30 min.
Optionally, in the first cooling step, the heat preservation time is 100-140 min.
A bearing steel spheroidizing annealing system based on a pulse magnetic field comprises a control device, a magnetic field device, a collecting device, a timing device and a heating device;
the magnetic field device is used for providing a pulse magnetic field;
the acquisition device is used for acquiring temperature information and pulse magnetic field information;
the timing device is used for measuring the time of each step of the bearing steel sample spheroidizing annealing method;
the heating device is used for heating the annealing furnace;
and the control device is used for receiving and processing the information and sending a corresponding action command.
Optionally, the pulsed magnetic field information includes magnetic field strength, pulse waveform, frequency, and current.
Optionally, the magnetic field device further comprises a cooling device for cooling the magnetic field device.
Optionally, the magnetic field device is a coil.
Optionally, the coil is a solid copper coil or an air-core copper coil.
Optionally, the annealing furnace further comprises a conveying device for the bearing steel sample to enter and exit the annealing furnace.
According to the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention discloses a bearing steel spheroidizing annealing method and system based on a pulsed magnetic field, which utilize a coupling mode of the pulsed magnetic field and a thermal field to accelerate the dissolution of carbide, greatly shorten the spheroidizing annealing heat treatment time and ensure that the spheroidizing annealing heat treatment time is not more than 4 hours; the production efficiency is greatly improved, and the production cycle of the product is shortened; and the spheroidized structure treated by the pulsed magnetic field has uniform structure and high spheroidization degree, and provides good structure preparation for a subsequent quenching and tempering method of spheroidizing annealing.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of the process of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a line drawing of a process flow of the present invention;
FIG. 3(a) is a scanning electron micrograph of sample one; FIG. 3(b) is a scanning electron micrograph of sample two; FIG. 3(c) is a scanning electron micrograph of sample three.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The embodiment of the invention discloses a bearing steel spheroidizing annealing method and a system based on a pulsed magnetic field, which comprises a bearing steel spheroidizing annealing method based on a pulsed magnetic field and a bearing steel spheroidizing annealing system based on a pulsed magnetic field;
the specific steps of the bearing steel spheroidizing annealing method based on the pulsed magnetic field are shown in figures 1 and 2, and the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: preheating the furnace temperature: preheating an annealing furnace to 780-810 ℃, closing a furnace door, and keeping constant temperature;
step 2, heating bearing steel: opening a furnace door, conveying the bearing steel sample into an annealing furnace, closing the furnace door, applying a pulse magnetic field and timing; the magnetic field parameters are that the magnetic field intensity is 10-50 mT, the duty ratio is 20-60%, the frequency is 20-60 Hz, and the average current is 20-60A;
step 3, cooling for the first time: cooling the furnace temperature of the annealing furnace to 700-730 ℃ after 20-60 min, keeping the temperature constant, and timing;
and 4, cooling for the second time: and cooling the furnace temperature of the annealing furnace to 650 ℃ after 100-140 min, taking out the bearing steel sample, and carrying out air cooling.
Wherein, the bearing steel: the bearing steel grade in the embodiment is commonly used GCr15, namely, the content of C is about 1%, the content of Cr is about 1.5%, the content of Si is about 0.29%, the content of Mn is about 0.31%, the content of P is about 0.014%, the content of S is 0.003%, and the balance is Fe.
Spheroidizing annealing: the bearing steel spheroidizing annealing in the embodiment aims to reduce the hardness and is beneficial to cutting; secondly, the structure of fine and round carbide particles evenly distributed on the ferrite matrix is obtained, and the structure preparation is made for the final heat treatment. The shape, size, quantity and distribution of carbides greatly affect the final properties, and the morphology of the carbides is difficult to change by the final quenching and tempering, since a substantial portion of the carbides are insoluble during quenching and their morphology is still substantially determined by the spheroidizing annealing, so that the spheroidizing annealing process should be tightly controlled.
A pulse magnetic field: the pulse magnetic field in the embodiment adopts a pulse power supply with controllable current, voltage, frequency and duty ratio, and acts on the magnetic field generated by the coils with different turns.
In fig. 2 Ac1 is the austenitizing temperature of the steel when heated; accm is the temperature at which the secondary cementite is completely dissolved into austenite when the steel is heated.
A bearing steel spheroidizing annealing system based on a pulse magnetic field comprises a control device, a magnetic field device, a collecting device, a timing device and a heating device;
the magnetic field device is used for providing a pulse magnetic field;
the acquisition device is used for acquiring temperature information and pulse magnetic field information;
the timing device is used for measuring the time of each step of the bearing steel sample spheroidizing annealing method;
the heating device is used for heating the annealing furnace;
and the control device is used for receiving and processing information and sending corresponding action instructions.
In this embodiment, the pulsed magnetic field information includes magnetic field strength, pulse waveform, frequency, and current.
In this embodiment, the magnetic field device is a coil, and the coil is a solid copper coil or an air copper coil.
In this embodiment, the magnetic field device is connected with a cooling device for cooling the magnetic field device.
In this embodiment, still include transmission device in the annealing stove, transmission device includes roll table and motor, drives the roll table through the corotation of motor and reversal and goes out the annealing stove with bearing steel sample.
In the embodiment, the acquisition device comprises a temperature sensor, and a temperature signal in the annealing furnace is obtained by adopting a K-type armored thermocouple WRNK-191 temperature sensor.
In this embodiment, the timing device is a timer, is connected to the control device, receives an operation instruction of the control device to perform timing, and sends the metering data to the control device;
in this embodiment, the heating device is a heating body, the heating body is arranged in a hearth of the annealing furnace, and the heating body and the magnetic field device are sequentially arranged, the heating body is used for heating the bearing steel sample, and the coil is used for providing an electromagnetic field for the bearing steel sample.
In this embodiment, the control device is a control power supply cabinet, which is disposed on the outer wall of the furnace shell of the annealing furnace and is used for controlling the working time of the electromagnetic field, the working parameters of the electromagnetic field, the temperature in the furnace wall, and the rotating speed of the motor.
Example 2
The first sample acquisition method comprises the following steps:
heating the heat treatment furnace to 790 ℃, putting the sample into the heat treatment furnace, and performing pulse electromagnetic treatment on the bearing steel in the heat treatment furnace; and during pulse electromagnetic treatment, the magnetic induction intensity of the surface of the bearing steel is 34mT, the treatment is carried out for 40min, then the bearing steel is cooled to 720 ℃ along with a furnace, the temperature is kept for 120min, then the bearing steel is cooled to 650 ℃ along with the furnace, and a sample is taken out for air cooling. In the embodiment, the magnetic induction intensity of the surface of the bearing steel is controlled to be 34mT under the action of the pulse magnetic field, so that the steel spheroidizing annealing time of the bearing can be greatly shortened, and the steel spheroidizing annealing production efficiency of the bearing is effectively improved.
And a sample II acquisition method:
heating the heat treatment furnace to 790 ℃, putting the sample into the heat treatment furnace, and performing pulse electromagnetic treatment on the bearing steel in the heat treatment furnace; and during pulse electromagnetic treatment, the magnetic induction intensity of the surface of the bearing steel is 34mT, the treatment is carried out for 60min, then the bearing steel is cooled to 720 ℃ along with a furnace, the temperature is kept for 120min, then the bearing steel is cooled to 650 ℃ along with the furnace, and a sample is taken out for air cooling. In the embodiment, the magnetic induction intensity of the surface of the bearing steel is controlled to be 34mT under the action of the pulse magnetic field, so that the steel spheroidizing annealing time of the bearing can be greatly shortened, and the steel spheroidizing annealing production efficiency of the bearing is effectively improved.
And a sample three-obtaining method:
the bearing steel was spheroidized using the protocol of example 1, except that the pulsed electromagnetic treatment was not performed when sample three was obtained.
And sampling products obtained by the three annealing methods, and correspondingly obtaining a first sample, a second sample and a third sample respectively.
Respectively grinding the first, second and third parts of the bearing steel sample, sequentially polishing with 200-mesh, 400-mesh, 600-mesh and 800-mesh sandpaper, corroding with 4% nitric acid alcohol reagent, and observing the scanning electron microscope tissues of the bearing steel sample as shown in figures 3(a) -3 (c). The number, specific area and the like of carbides in the microstructure of the microstructure are counted and analyzed by using PS and IPP software, and a statistical table is shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 statistical table of three methods samples
| Sample No | Sample No. 2 | Sample three | |
| Number of carbides | 259 | 343 | 194 |
| Average particle diameter of carbide | 0.23 | 0.27 | 0.44 |
As can be seen from Table 1, the average grain size of the carbides of the magnetized group is smaller than that of the non-magnetized group, and the number of the carbides of the magnetized group is larger than that of the non-magnetized group. When no magnetism is added, the carbides can not be well separated, and a large amount of large carbides appear; when a pulse magnetic field is added, the bulk carbide is reduced to some extent, and the distribution uniformity is improved to some extent; the sphericity is better.
In the austenitizing process, in order to spheroidize a better annealed structure, a proper amount of residual carbides should be present, a pulse magnetic field is not added, because the austenitizing time is too short, and the magnetic field does not promote the dissolution of the carbides, large blocks of net-shaped carbides are not dissolved, in the isothermal spheroidizing stage, the heterotropism transformation occurs, carbon atoms in a machine body adhere to the residual carbides to precipitate and grow, and finally, the uniformity of the structure is reduced, and the large blocks of carbides appear. The pulse magnetic field is added, although the austenitizing time is too short, the magnetic field promotes the dissolution of carbide, massive net-shaped carbide is dissolved, the heterotropism transformation occurs in the isothermal spheroidization stage, carbon atoms in an organism adhere to residual carbide to precipitate and grow, the uniformity of the structure is excellent due to the fact that the residual carbide is small, and the massive carbide is avoided.
The method also can be used for accelerating the dissolution of the carbide by using the coupling mode of the pulsed magnetic field and the thermal field, greatly shortening the spheroidizing annealing heat treatment time, ensuring that the spheroidizing annealing heat treatment time is not more than 4h, greatly improving the production efficiency and shortening the production cycle of the product; the spheroidized structure treated by the pulsed magnetic field has uniform structure and high spheroidization degree, and provides good structure preparation for a subsequent quenching and tempering method of spheroidizing annealing.
The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other. The device disclosed by the embodiment corresponds to the method disclosed by the embodiment, so that the description is simple, and the relevant points can be referred to the method part for description.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (10)
1. A bearing steel spheroidizing annealing method based on a pulsed magnetic field is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
preheating the furnace temperature: preheating an annealing furnace to 780-810 ℃, and keeping the temperature constant;
heating bearing steel: sending the bearing steel sample into an annealing furnace, applying a pulse magnetic field and timing;
cooling for the first time: cooling the annealing furnace to 700-730 ℃, keeping the temperature at constant temperature, and timing;
and (3) cooling for the second time: and cooling the furnace temperature of the annealing furnace to 650 ℃, taking out the bearing steel sample, and carrying out air cooling.
2. The method for spheroidizing annealing of bearing steel based on the pulsed magnetic field according to claim 1, wherein in the step of heating the bearing steel, the parameters of the pulsed magnetic field are as follows: the magnetic field intensity is 10-50 mT, the duty ratio is 20-60%, the frequency is 20-60 Hz, and the average current is 20-60A.
3. The pulsed magnetic field-based spheroidizing annealing method of bearing steel according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the treatment time in the step of heating the bearing steel is 30 min.
4. The bearing steel spheroidizing annealing method based on the pulsed magnetic field according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the heat preservation time in the first cooling step is 100-140 min.
5. A bearing steel spheroidizing annealing system based on a pulse magnetic field is characterized by comprising a control device, a magnetic field device, a collecting device, a timing device and a heating device;
the magnetic field device is used for providing a pulse magnetic field;
the acquisition device is used for acquiring temperature information and pulse magnetic field information;
the timing device is used for measuring the time of each step of the bearing steel sample spheroidizing annealing method;
the heating device is used for heating the annealing furnace;
and the control device is used for receiving and processing information and sending corresponding action instructions.
6. The pulsed magnetic field based bearing steel spheroidizing annealing system according to claim 5, wherein the pulsed magnetic field information comprises magnetic field strength, pulse waveform, frequency, current.
7. The pulsed magnetic field based bearing steel spheroidizing annealing system according to claim 5, further comprising a cooling device for cooling the magnetic field device.
8. The pulsed magnetic field based bearing steel spheroidizing annealing system according to claim 5, wherein the magnetic field device is a coil.
9. The pulsed magnetic field-based bearing steel spheroidizing annealing system according to claim 8, wherein the coil is a solid copper coil or an hollow copper coil.
10. The pulsed magnetic field-based bearing steel spheroidizing annealing system according to claim 5, further comprising a transmission device for the entrance and exit of the bearing steel sample in the annealing furnace.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115341077A (en) * | 2022-07-25 | 2022-11-15 | 北京科技大学 | Bearing steel and spheroidizing annealing method thereof |
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