CN114686646B - Solution heat treatment device and method for large thin-wall stainless steel structural part - Google Patents
Solution heat treatment device and method for large thin-wall stainless steel structural part Download PDFInfo
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- CN114686646B CN114686646B CN202210406073.5A CN202210406073A CN114686646B CN 114686646 B CN114686646 B CN 114686646B CN 202210406073 A CN202210406073 A CN 202210406073A CN 114686646 B CN114686646 B CN 114686646B
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 115
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 89
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 89
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000001174 ascending effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- YKTSYUJCYHOUJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O--].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] Chemical compound [O--].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] YKTSYUJCYHOUJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 56
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006032 tissue transformation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001757 thermogravimetry curve Methods 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D11/00—Process control or regulation for heat treatments
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D11/00—Process control or regulation for heat treatments
- C21D11/005—Process control or regulation for heat treatments for cooling
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/46—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for sheet metals
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/001—Austenite
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Heat Treatments In General, Especially Conveying And Cooling (AREA)
- Furnace Details (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a solution heat treatment device and a solution heat treatment method for a large thin-wall stainless steel structural member, wherein the solution heat treatment device comprises a pad-mounted bottom plate assembly for clamping and fixing the whole stainless steel structural member; the outer flanges at the bottom ends of the outer cylinder and the inner cylinder of the stainless steel structural member are respectively fixed at the top of the backing plate bottom plate assembly through a plurality of uniformly distributed pressing plate assemblies; the stainless steel structural member is integrally placed in a special solution treatment furnace after being clamped by a backing plate and bottom plate assembly, and is subjected to corresponding solution heat treatment. When the heat treatment is carried out on the heat treatment, the heating or cooling rate can be controlled according to the requirement, the full circulation of the atmosphere in the furnace is ensured during heating or cooling, the temperature difference of each point of the workpiece is reduced, and the deformation is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of thin-wall stainless steel structural member processing, in particular to a solution heat treatment device and method for a large thin-wall stainless steel structural member.
Background
A diffuser (fig. 1 and 2) of a gas turbine is a large thin-wall stainless steel structural member, the outline dimension phi 2360 (+ -1) multiplied by 1102.5 (+ -1) is about 730Kg, the main structure is composed of an inner cylinder body, an outer cylinder body, a guide ring, a supporting plate, a rib plate and the like, all of which are formed by processing and welding 316L stainless steel plates, the plate thickness of the inner cylinder body, the outer cylinder body, the guide ring and the rib plate is 5mm, and the plate thickness of the supporting plate is 8mm. Solution heat treatment is required after welding. The diffuser has larger size, thinner plate thickness and very strict deformation requirement. In solution heat treatment, 6 heel thermocouples are placed on the workpiece at the locations where the temperatures are expected to be higher and lower, which are required to meet the corresponding temperature profile.
The temperature difference between each point on the workpiece during heating and cooling is required to be small in the upper half of the temperature curve, and the cooling rate is required to be controlled according to the curve during cooling, and 3 cooling rates are required in the cooling curve of the temperature curve. As the skilled person knows, the cooling rate of the existing heat treatment furnace is far below the required 160-170 ℃ per hour when the furnace is cold. If the cooling rate is difficult to control when the cooling temperature is 900 ℃, the temperature difference between the inside and the outside of the part is rapidly increased when the cooling temperature is 900 ℃ and does not meet the temperature curve requirement. The temperature difference between the inside and the outside is increased to generate larger thermal stress, so that the deformation of the part is increased, and the dimensional requirement of the part is not met.
Analyzing the technical requirements of solution heat treatment, designing and manufacturing a heat treatment device capable of effectively controlling the temperature during heating and cooling, ensuring the uniform furnace temperature, and meeting the production requirements by preparing a proper heat treatment process.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a solution heat treatment device and a solution heat treatment method for a large thin-wall stainless steel structural member, wherein the heating or cooling rate can be controlled according to requirements when the solution heat treatment is carried out, the full circulation of the atmosphere in a furnace is ensured when the solution heat treatment device or the solution heat treatment method is used for heating or cooling, the temperature difference of each point of a workpiece is reduced, and the deformation is reduced.
In order to achieve the technical characteristics, the aim of the invention is realized in the following way: the solution heat treatment device for the large thin-wall stainless steel structural member is characterized by comprising a cushion base plate assembly for clamping and fixing the whole stainless steel structural member;
the outer flanges at the bottom ends of the outer cylinder and the inner cylinder of the stainless steel structural member are respectively fixed at the top of the backing plate bottom plate assembly through a plurality of uniformly distributed pressing plate assemblies;
the stainless steel structural member is integrally placed in a special solution treatment furnace after being clamped by a backing plate and bottom plate assembly, and is subjected to corresponding solution heat treatment.
The base plate and base plate assembly comprises a base plate, wherein a top plate is fixedly arranged at the top of the base plate through a plurality of uniformly distributed vertical plates, a first central hole is formed in the central part of the top plate, and a second central hole is formed in the central part of the base plate; an inner barrel positioning step used for positioning the inner barrel of the stainless steel structural member is processed at the top of the top plate and positioned at the periphery of the first central hole;
the inner ring of the inner cylinder positioning ladder is provided with uniformly distributed inner ring threaded holes, and the inner ring threaded holes fix the inner cylinder through the pressing plate assembly;
the outer ring of inner tube location ladder is provided with the outer lane screw hole of equipartition, and outer lane screw hole is fixed the urceolus through the clamp plate subassembly.
The riser is arranged along a radial direction of the floor.
A plurality of vent holes are uniformly distributed on the top plate in an annular shape at the position between the inner ring threaded hole and the outer ring threaded hole; and the vent hole is positioned between the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder.
The pressing plate assembly comprises an L-shaped pressing plate, a bolt hole is formed in the top plate of the L-shaped pressing plate, a long bolt penetrates through the bolt hole, and the bottom end of the long bolt is fixedly connected to an inner ring threaded hole and an outer ring threaded hole of the corresponding part of the top plate through threads; a gasket is arranged between the long bolt and the L-shaped pressing plate.
The special solution treatment furnace comprises a furnace body, wherein the furnace body adopts a cylindrical well type resistance furnace, the periphery of the furnace body is a furnace body shell, the furnace body shell is made of steel plates, a furnace lining is an aluminum silicate fiber module, a heating element resistance belt is arranged on the inner side of the furnace cavity, and a heat-resistant steel furnace bottom plate is arranged at the bottom of the furnace cavity; a furnace cover is arranged at the top of the furnace body in a lifting manner through a guide rod; the furnace body is connected with an air inlet device for air supply; the bottom of the furnace body is provided with an exhaust device.
The air inlet device comprises an air blower, an L-shaped air inlet pipe is arranged at an air outlet of the air blower, a plurality of short pipes are arranged on a vertical pipe of the L-shaped air inlet pipe at equal intervals, an air inlet valve is arranged on each short pipe, the other end of each short pipe is connected with an annular air inlet pipe, the annular air inlet pipe is arranged around the periphery of a furnace body, a plurality of uniformly distributed air blowing pipes are connected to the inner side of the annular air inlet pipe, the air blowing pipes are arranged along the tangential direction of a hearth and are communicated with the inner side of the hearth, and the air blowing direction is guaranteed to be tangential to the inner side of the hearth.
The exhaust device comprises an air outlet hole which is processed at the center of the heat-resistant steel furnace bottom plate, the air outlet hole is connected with an exhaust pipe, an exhaust valve is arranged on the exhaust pipe, and the tail end of the exhaust pipe is connected with an exhaust vertical pipe.
The special solution treatment furnace is divided into 5 sections for temperature control, rated power is 520KW, rated temperature is 1100 ℃, rated voltage is 380V, effective heating area phi 3000 multiplied by 1600, and furnace temperature uniformity is +/-10 ℃.
The solution heat treatment method for the large thin-wall stainless steel structural part by adopting the solution heat treatment device comprises the following steps of:
step one, clamping a large thin-wall stainless steel structural member: the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder of the stainless steel structural member to be treated are fixedly arranged at the top of the backing plate bottom plate assembly through a plurality of groups of pressing plate assemblies in sequence;
step two, the whole stainless steel structural member is hoisted into a furnace: hanging the whole clamped stainless steel structural member into a special solution treatment furnace, covering a furnace cover, and inputting a solution heat treatment process;
step three, preliminary heating of the stainless steel structural member: when heating is started, a small amount of air is introduced along the inner side of the hearth through an air blowing pipe, the air blowing direction is tangential to the inner side of the hearth to form annular air flow along the inner side of the hearth, after the annular air flow exchanges heat with a heating element arranged on the inner side of the hearth, the annular air flow is heated and moves upwards to form spiral ascending annular air flow which is reflected after reaching the furnace top, an exhaust pipe is arranged at the furnace bottom to guide the air flow to move towards the furnace bottom and discharge the air flow out of the furnace; when the atmosphere in the furnace flows, heat exchange is carried out on the stainless steel structural member and the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder of the stainless steel structural member simultaneously, so that the stainless steel structural member is heated and the inner part and the outer part of the stainless steel structural member are subjected to uniform temperature; the air inflow is regulated according to the actual temperature difference between the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder of the stainless steel structural member, if the temperature difference between the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder of the stainless steel structural member is large, the air inflow is increased, the circulation of the furnace atmosphere is accelerated, and the temperature difference between the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder of the stainless steel structural member is reduced;
step four, solution heat treatment of the stainless steel structural member: the stainless steel structural member is heated rapidly in the heating stage to reduce oxidation of the stainless steel structural member, wherein the heating rate is 200-300 ℃ per hour from room temperature to 500 ℃, and the heating rate is 175-275 ℃ per hour from 500 ℃ to 950 ℃; heating from 950 ℃ to the heat preservation temperature 1040+/-10 ℃ at the heating rate of 250-300 ℃ per hour; keeping the temperature at 500 ℃ and 950 ℃ for 10-15 minutes respectively, ensuring the temperature of the parts to be as uniform as possible during heating, and reducing the deformation; because the thickness of the part is thinner, the part is only required to be kept for 30 minutes at the temperature of 1040+/-10 ℃;
the cooling rate is required to be controlled in the cooling stage, the cooling rate is 160-170 ℃ per hour from the insulation temperature 1040+/-10 ℃ to 900 ℃, and rapid cooling is required to be carried out from 900 ℃ to 600 ℃ to form an austenite structure, and the cooling rate is 300-600 ℃ per hour and is completed within 30-60 minutes; no further tissue transformation from 600 ℃ to room temperature, no further control of cooling rate;
step five, tapping and cooling the stainless steel structural member: when the temperature is below 600 ℃, the heating power supply is turned off, the air inlet pipe and the air outlet pipe are turned off, furnace cooling is carried out, the temperature recording instrument is kept to work continuously, and the furnace cooling can be discharged below 200 ℃;
step six, checking: and (5) after the stainless steel structural member is cooled to room temperature, opening the tool, and checking whether the deformation, the metallographic structure and the temperature recording curve meet the requirements, wherein the deformation is less than 2 mm.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the invention, the cushion bottom plate assembly is designed and manufactured, the strength of the cushion bottom plate assembly is ensured, and the panel contacted with the workpiece is made of a 316L stainless steel plate, so that the workpiece is prevented from being polluted by the contact with the workpiece at high temperature. The center of the cushion bottom plate is provided with a hole, and the size of the hole is slightly smaller than that of the inner cylinder of the workpiece. And air holes are formed in the position clamped by the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder on the stainless steel panel, so that the atmosphere in the furnace can flow fully when the furnace is fed. And the cushion bottom plate is subjected to stress relief treatment after welding and forming, and is machined smoothly, so that the workpiece is ensured not to generate additional deformation. The parts are placed on the cushion bottom plate and are pressed by the L-shaped pressing plate, so that the workpieces are prevented from moving during hoisting. The diffuser is of a symmetrical round platform structure and is formed by welding 316L stainless steel sheets, more symmetrical supporting plates and rib plates are arranged between the inner cylinder body and the outer cylinder body, the structure is firm, if the temperature difference of the furnace atmosphere is small during solution heat treatment, the thermal deformation is symmetrical, and the deformation can be recovered uniformly during subsequent cooling, so that reinforcing ribs for limiting the deformation do not need to be welded in a workpiece during solution heat treatment, and the preparation of the prior solution heat treatment is simplified.
2. The special solution treatment furnace manufactured by the invention is a cylindrical well-type resistance furnace. The furnace body is provided with an air inlet device and an exhaust pipe. The air inlet device consists of an air blower, an air inlet pipe and an air inlet valve, the air inlet pipe is divided into 4 annular air inlet pipes from top to bottom outside the furnace body, each annular air inlet pipe is provided with 6 uniformly distributed air inlets for blowing air to the hearth, and the blowing direction is tangential to the inner side of the hearth. The furnace bottom is provided with a phi 500 air outlet hole which is connected with an exhaust pipe provided with an exhaust valve. When the furnace is heated, the air is introduced into the air inlet pipe along the inner side of the furnace, the blowing direction is tangential to the inner side of the furnace, annular air flow along the inner side of the furnace is formed, after the annular air flow exchanges heat with the heating element arranged on the inner side of the furnace, the annular air flow is heated and moves upwards to form spiral rising annular air flow, the spiral rising annular air flow is reflected after reaching the furnace top, the furnace bottom is provided with an exhaust pipe, and the air flow is guided to move towards the furnace bottom and discharged out of the furnace. When the furnace atmosphere flows, heat exchange is carried out on the inner part and the outer part of the workpiece at the same time, so that the workpiece is heated and the inner part and the outer part of the workpiece are subjected to uniform temperature. The air inlet amount of the air inlet pipe can be adjusted according to the actual temperature difference between the inner part and the outer part of the workpiece, if the temperature difference between the inner part and the outer part of the workpiece is larger, the air inlet amount can be increased, the circulation of the atmosphere in the furnace can be accelerated, and the temperature difference between the inner part and the outer part of the workpiece can be reduced, so that the deformation amount is reduced.
3. After the diffuser is subjected to solution heat treatment, the metallographic structure is greatly improved. The metallographic structure before solution heat treatment is austenite plus a small amount of ferrite, and black grain-shaped compounds are distributed in the austenite. The metallographic structure after solution heat treatment is austenite, and black grain-shaped compounds in the austenite disappear.
4. The solution heat treatment process of the diffuser has extremely high requirements, strict temperature control is required at each stage of the process, 6 pieces of thermocouples are uniformly distributed inside and outside the workpiece to measure the temperature, and 3 cooling rates are required during cooling. This requires the solution heat treatment furnace to ensure a small temperature difference in the furnace and to control the heating and cooling rates. The solution heat treatment furnace designed and manufactured by the invention solves the problem.
5. The device and the process method can realize rapid uniform temperature cooling in the heat treatment furnace, and reduce the heat treatment difficulty.
Drawings
The invention is further described below with reference to the drawings and examples.
Fig. 1 is a right side view of a diffuser to be treated in the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a front view of a diffuser to be treated in the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a stainless steel structure to be treated in the present invention clamped and secured in a cushioned floor assembly.
Fig. 4 is a front cross-sectional view of a cushioned floor assembly of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a top view of the cushioned floor assembly of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a front cross-sectional view of an L-shaped platen in accordance with the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a top view of an L-shaped platen according to the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a front cross-sectional view of a solution treatment furnace dedicated to the present invention.
FIG. 9 is a view A-A of the dedicated solution treatment furnace of FIG. 8 according to the present invention.
FIG. 10 is a schematic view showing the circulation of the atmosphere in the solution heat treatment furnace according to the present invention.
FIG. 11 is a graph showing dimension measurement data of a diffuser of the present invention after solution heat treatment.
FIG. 12 shows a metallographic structure X500 before solution heat treatment according to the present invention.
FIG. 13 shows a metallographic structure X500 after solution heat treatment according to the invention.
FIG. 14 is a graph of a solution heat treatment temperature record of the present invention.
Wherein: stainless steel structural member 1, bottom end outer flange 2, long bolt 3, gasket 4, L-shaped pressing plate 5, vertical plate 6, top plate 7, bottom plate 8, outer ring threaded hole 9, inner cylinder positioning step 10, inner ring threaded hole 11, first central hole 12, second central hole 13, vent hole 14, bolt hole 15, furnace body shell 16, furnace cover 17, furnace lining 18, guide rod 19, air inlet valve 20, L-shaped air inlet pipe 21, heat-resistant steel furnace bottom plate 22, air outlet pipe 23, air outlet valve 24, blower 25, short pipe 26, annular air inlet pipe 27, air blowing pipe 28, air outlet standpipe 29.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1:
referring to fig. 3-14, a solution heat treatment device for a large thin-wall stainless steel structural member comprises a pad-mounted bottom plate assembly for clamping and fixing the whole stainless steel structural member 1; the outer flange 2 at the bottom end of the outer cylinder and the outer flange 2 at the bottom end of the inner cylinder of the stainless steel structural member 1 are respectively fixed at the top of the backing plate bottom plate assembly through a plurality of uniformly distributed pressing plate assemblies; the stainless steel structural member 1 is integrally placed in a special solution treatment furnace after being clamped by a backing plate and bottom plate assembly, and is subjected to corresponding solution heat treatment. The treatment device of the invention realizes rapid uniform temperature cooling in the solution heat treatment furnace, and solves the problems of solution heat treatment and deformation thereof. In the specific treatment process, a cushion bottom plate assembly is manufactured, a workpiece is placed on the cushion bottom plate assembly, and the workpiece is pressed by a pressing plate assembly; the special solid solution heat treatment furnace is manufactured, the structure is a cylindrical well type resistance furnace, an air inlet device and an exhaust pipe are arranged on the furnace body, the blowing direction is tangential to the inner side of a hearth, a spiral ascending annular air flow is formed, the air flow is reflected after reaching the furnace top, the exhaust pipe is arranged at the furnace bottom, and the air flow is guided to move towards the furnace bottom and is discharged out of the furnace. The temperature difference between the inside and the outside of the workpiece can be adjusted by controlling the air inflow and the cooling rate is controlled.
Further, the backing plate bottom plate assembly comprises a bottom plate 8, a top plate 7 is fixedly arranged at the top of the bottom plate 8 through a plurality of evenly distributed vertical plates 6, a first central hole 12 is formed in the central position of the top plate 7, and a second central hole 13 is formed in the central position of the bottom plate 8; an inner cylinder positioning step 10 for positioning the inner cylinder of the stainless steel structural member 1 is processed on the top of the top plate 7 and positioned at the periphery of the first central hole 12; the inner ring of the inner cylinder positioning step 10 is provided with uniformly distributed inner ring threaded holes 11, and the inner ring threaded holes 11 fix the inner cylinder through a pressing plate assembly; the outer ring of the inner cylinder positioning step 10 is provided with outer ring threaded holes 9 which are uniformly distributed, and the outer ring threaded holes 9 fix the outer cylinder through a pressing plate assembly. The backing plate bottom plate assembly can be used for stably and reliably clamping and fixing the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder of the diffuser to be treated.
Further, the risers 6 are arranged along a radial direction of the floor 8. The top plate 7 can be stably supported and fixed by the vertical plate 6.
Further, a plurality of vent holes 14 are uniformly distributed on the top plate 7 in an annular shape at the position between the inner ring threaded hole 11 and the outer ring threaded hole 9; and the vent 14 is located between the inner and outer cylinders. Through the vent hole 14, the hot air can enter between the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder in the heating process, and the problem of overlarge temperature difference between the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder is effectively prevented.
Further, the pressing plate assembly comprises an L-shaped pressing plate 5, a bolt hole 15 is formed in the top plate of the L-shaped pressing plate 5, a long bolt 3 penetrates through the bolt hole 15, and the bottom end of the long bolt 3 is fixedly connected to an inner ring threaded hole 11 and an outer ring threaded hole 9 of the corresponding part of the top plate 7 through threads; a gasket 4 is arranged between the long bolt 3 and the L-shaped pressing plate 5. The pressing plate assembly can reliably clamp and fix the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder of the stainless steel structural member 1.
Further, the special solution treatment furnace comprises a furnace body, wherein the furnace body adopts a cylindrical well type resistance furnace, the periphery of the furnace body is a furnace body shell 16, the furnace body shell 16 is made of steel plates, a furnace lining 18 is an aluminum silicate fiber module, a heating element resistance belt is arranged on the inner side of the furnace cavity, and a heat-resistant steel furnace bottom plate 22 is arranged at the bottom of the furnace cavity; the furnace cover 17 is arranged on the top of the furnace body in a lifting manner through a guide rod 19; the furnace body is connected with an air inlet device for air supply; the bottom of the furnace body is provided with an exhaust device. The solid-heat treatment of the stainless steel structural member 1 can be realized by the special solution treatment furnace.
Further, the air inlet device comprises an air blower 25, an L-shaped air inlet pipe 21 is arranged at an air outlet of the air blower 25, a plurality of short pipes 26 are arranged on a vertical pipe of the L-shaped air inlet pipe 21 at equal intervals, an air inlet valve 20 is arranged on each short pipe 26, the other end of each short pipe 26 is connected with an annular air inlet pipe 27, the annular air inlet pipe 27 is arranged around the periphery of a furnace body, a plurality of uniformly distributed air blowing pipes 28 are connected to the inner side of the annular air inlet pipe 27, and the air blowing pipes 28 are arranged along the tangential direction of a furnace and are communicated with the inside of the furnace, so that the air blowing direction is ensured to be tangential with the inner side of the furnace. Referring to fig. 10, when the air inlet device is adopted to ensure heating, air is introduced into the air inlet pipe along the inner side of the hearth, the air blowing direction is tangential to the inner side of the hearth to form annular air flow along the inner side of the hearth, after the annular air flow exchanges heat with the heating element arranged on the inner side of the hearth, the annular air flow is heated and moves upwards to form spiral rising annular air flow, the spiral rising annular air flow is reflected after reaching the furnace top, the furnace bottom is provided with an exhaust pipe, and the air flow is guided to move towards the furnace bottom and discharged out of the furnace. When the furnace atmosphere flows, heat exchange is carried out on the inner part and the outer part of the workpiece at the same time, so that the workpiece is heated and the inner part and the outer part of the workpiece are subjected to uniform temperature.
Further, the exhaust device comprises an air outlet hole machined in the center of the heat-resistant steel furnace bottom plate 22, an exhaust pipe 23 is connected to the air outlet hole, an exhaust valve 24 is installed on the exhaust pipe 23, and the tail end of the exhaust pipe 23 is connected with an exhaust vertical pipe 29. The exhaust device can ensure that hot air circulation is formed in the furnace, so that the heating effect is ensured.
Further, the special solution treatment furnace is divided into 5 sections for temperature control, rated power is 520KW, rated temperature is 1100 ℃, rated voltage is 380V, and effective heating area phi is 3000 multiplied by 1600, and furnace temperature uniformity is +/-10 ℃.
Further, the furnace body shell is made of Q235A steel plate with the thickness of 5mm, the furnace lining is an aluminum silicate fiber module with the thickness of 400mm, the furnace bottom is provided with a phi 500 air outlet hole,
example 2:
the solution heat treatment method for the large thin-wall stainless steel structural part by adopting the solution heat treatment device comprises the following steps of:
step one, clamping a large thin-wall stainless steel structural member: the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder of the stainless steel structural member 1 to be treated are fixedly arranged at the top of the backing plate bottom plate assembly through a plurality of groups of pressing plate assemblies in sequence;
step two, the whole stainless steel structural member 1 is hoisted into a furnace: hanging the whole clamped stainless steel structural member 1 into a special solution treatment furnace, covering a furnace cover, and inputting a solution heat treatment process;
step three, preliminary heating of the stainless steel structural member 1: when heating is started, a small amount of air is introduced along the inner side of the hearth through the air blowing pipe 28, the air blowing direction is tangential to the inner side of the hearth to form annular air flow along the inner side of the hearth, after the annular air flow exchanges heat with a heating element arranged on the inner side of the hearth, the annular air flow is heated and moves upwards to form spiral ascending annular air flow which is reflected after reaching the furnace top, an exhaust pipe is arranged at the furnace bottom to guide the air flow to move towards the furnace bottom and be discharged out of the furnace; when the furnace atmosphere flows, heat exchange is carried out on the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder of the stainless steel structural member 1 simultaneously, so that the stainless steel structural member 1 is heated and the inner part and the outer part of the stainless steel structural member 1 are subjected to uniform temperature; the air inflow is regulated according to the actual temperature difference between the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder of the stainless steel structural member 1, if the temperature difference between the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder of the stainless steel structural member 1 is large, the air inflow is increased, the circulation of the furnace atmosphere is accelerated, and the temperature difference between the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder of the stainless steel structural member 1 is reduced;
step four, solution heat treatment of the stainless steel structural member 1: the stainless steel structural member 1 is heated rapidly in the heating stage to reduce oxidation of the stainless steel structural member 1, wherein the heating rate is 200-300 ℃ per hour from room temperature to 500 ℃, and the heating rate is 175-275 ℃ per hour from 500 ℃ to 950 ℃; heating from 950 ℃ to the heat preservation temperature 1040+/-10 ℃ at the heating rate of 250-300 ℃ per hour; keeping the temperature at 500 ℃ and 950 ℃ for 10-15 minutes respectively, ensuring the temperature of the parts to be as uniform as possible during heating, and reducing the deformation; because the thickness of the part is thinner, the part is only required to be kept for 30 minutes at the temperature of 1040+/-10 ℃;
the cooling rate is required to be controlled in the cooling stage, the cooling rate is 160-170 ℃ per hour from the insulation temperature 1040+/-10 ℃ to 900 ℃, and rapid cooling is required to be carried out from 900 ℃ to 600 ℃ to form an austenite structure, and the cooling rate is 300-600 ℃ per hour and is completed within 30-60 minutes; no further tissue transformation from 600 ℃ to room temperature, no further control of cooling rate;
step five, tapping and cooling the stainless steel structural member 1: when the temperature is below 600 ℃, the heating power supply is turned off, the air inlet pipe and the air outlet pipe are turned off, furnace cooling is carried out, the temperature recording instrument is kept to work continuously, and the furnace cooling can be discharged below 200 ℃;
step six, checking: and (5) after the stainless steel structural member 1 is cooled to room temperature, opening the tool, and checking whether the deformation, the metallographic structure and the temperature recording curve meet the requirements, wherein the deformation is less than 2 mm.
Referring to fig. 11, the size of the diffuser after solution heat treatment is measured, and the measured result meets the requirements of the drawing.
See FIG. 12 for metallographic structure x 500 prior to solution heat treatment in accordance with the present invention. See FIG. 13 for metallographic structure x 500 after solution heat treatment in accordance with the present invention. The metallographic structure before the solution heat treatment is austenite+a small amount of ferrite of about 7%, and black grain-like compounds are distributed in the austenite. The metallographic structure after solution heat treatment is austenite, and black grain-shaped compounds in the austenite disappear.
Referring to FIG. 14, a solution heat treatment thermogram of the present invention is shown. The temperature curve accords with the temperature control curve required by customers.
Claims (6)
1. The solution heat treatment device for the large thin-wall stainless steel structural member is characterized by comprising a pad-mounted bottom plate assembly for clamping and fixing the whole stainless steel structural member (1);
the bottom end outer flanges (2) of the outer cylinder and the inner cylinder of the stainless steel structural member (1) are respectively fixed at the top of the backing plate bottom plate assembly through a plurality of uniformly distributed pressing plate assemblies;
the stainless steel structural member (1) is integrally placed in a special solution treatment furnace after being clamped by a backing plate and bottom plate assembly, and is subjected to corresponding solution heat treatment;
the base plate assembly comprises a base plate (8), a top plate (7) is fixedly arranged at the top of the base plate (8) through a plurality of uniformly distributed vertical plates (6), a first central hole (12) is formed in the central position of the top plate (7), and a second central hole (13) is formed in the central position of the base plate (8); an inner cylinder positioning step (10) for positioning the inner cylinder of the stainless steel structural member (1) is processed at the top of the top plate (7) and positioned at the periphery of the first central hole (12);
the inner ring of the inner cylinder positioning step (10) is provided with uniformly distributed inner ring threaded holes (11), and the inner ring threaded holes (11) fix the inner cylinder through a pressing plate assembly;
the outer ring of the inner cylinder positioning step (10) is provided with uniformly distributed outer ring threaded holes (9), and the outer ring threaded holes (9) fix the outer cylinder through a pressing plate assembly;
a plurality of vent holes (14) are uniformly distributed on the top plate (7) in an annular shape at the position between the inner ring threaded hole (11) and the outer ring threaded hole (9); and the vent hole (14) is positioned between the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder;
the pressing plate assembly comprises an L-shaped pressing plate (5), a bolt hole (15) is formed in the top plate of the L-shaped pressing plate (5), a long bolt (3) penetrates through the bolt hole (15), and the bottom end of the long bolt (3) is fixedly connected to an inner ring threaded hole (11) and an outer ring threaded hole (9) at corresponding positions of the top plate (7) through threads; a gasket (4) is arranged between the long bolt (3) and the L-shaped pressing plate (5);
the special solution treatment furnace comprises a furnace body, wherein the furnace body is connected with an air inlet device for air supply; an exhaust device is arranged at the bottom of the furnace body;
the air inlet device comprises an air blower (25), an L-shaped air inlet pipe (21) is arranged at an air outlet of the air blower (25), a plurality of short pipes (26) are arranged on a vertical pipe of the L-shaped air inlet pipe (21) at equal intervals, an air inlet valve (20) is arranged on each short pipe (26), the other end of each short pipe (26) is connected with an annular air inlet pipe (27), the annular air inlet pipe (27) is arranged around the periphery of the furnace body, a plurality of evenly distributed air blowing pipes (28) are connected to the inner side of the annular air inlet pipe (27), and the air blowing pipes (28) are arranged along the tangential direction of the furnace and are communicated with the inner side of the furnace to ensure that the air blowing direction is tangential to the inner side of the furnace.
2. Solution heat treatment device for large thin-walled stainless steel structures according to claim 1 characterized in that the risers (6) are arranged in radial direction of the floor (8).
3. The solution heat treatment device for the large thin-wall stainless steel structural part according to claim 1, wherein the furnace body adopts a cylindrical well type resistance furnace, the periphery of the furnace body is a furnace body shell (16), the furnace body shell (16) is made of steel plates, a furnace lining (18) is an aluminum silicate fiber module, a heating element resistance belt is arranged on the inner side of the furnace chamber, and a heat-resistant steel furnace bottom plate (22) is arranged at the bottom of the furnace chamber; the top of the furnace body is provided with a furnace cover (17) in a lifting way through a guide rod (19).
4. The solution heat treatment device for the large thin-wall stainless steel structural part according to claim 1, wherein the exhaust device comprises an air outlet hole machined in the center of a heat-resistant steel furnace bottom plate (22), an exhaust pipe (23) is connected to the air outlet hole, an exhaust valve (24) is installed on the exhaust pipe (23), and the tail end of the exhaust pipe (23) is connected with an exhaust vertical pipe (29).
5. The solution heat treatment device for large thin-wall stainless steel structural parts according to claim 1, wherein the special solution treatment furnace is controlled in 5 sections, the rated power is 520KW, the rated temperature is 1100 ℃, the rated voltage is 380V, the effective heating area phi is 3000 multiplied by 1600, and the uniformity of the furnace temperature is +/-10 ℃.
6. A method of solution heat treating a large thin-walled stainless steel structure using the solution heat treatment apparatus of any one of claims 1-5, comprising the steps of:
step one, clamping a large thin-wall stainless steel structural member: the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder of the stainless steel structural member (1) to be treated are fixedly arranged at the top of the backing plate base plate assembly through a plurality of groups of pressing plate assemblies in sequence;
step two, the whole stainless steel structural member (1) is hoisted into a furnace: hanging the whole clamped stainless steel structural member (1) into a special solution treatment furnace, covering a furnace cover, and inputting a solution heat treatment process;
step three, preliminary heating of the stainless steel structural member (1): when heating is started, a small amount of air is introduced along the inner side of the hearth through an air blowing pipe (28), the air blowing direction is tangential to the inner side of the hearth to form annular air flow along the inner side of the hearth, after the annular air flow exchanges heat with a heating element arranged on the inner side of the hearth, the annular air flow is heated and moves upwards to form spiral ascending annular air flow, the spiral ascending annular air flow is reflected after reaching the furnace top, an exhaust pipe is arranged at the furnace bottom, and the air flow is guided to move towards the furnace bottom and is discharged out of the furnace; when the furnace atmosphere flows, heat exchange is carried out on the furnace atmosphere and the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder of the stainless steel structural member (1) simultaneously, so that the stainless steel structural member (1) is heated and the inner part and the outer part of the stainless steel structural member (1) are subjected to uniform temperature; the air inflow is regulated according to the actual temperature difference between the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder of the stainless steel structural member (1), if the temperature difference between the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder of the stainless steel structural member (1) is large, the air inflow is increased, the circulation of the furnace atmosphere is accelerated, and the temperature difference between the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder of the stainless steel structural member (1) is reduced;
fourthly, solution heat treatment is carried out on the stainless steel structural member (1): the stainless steel structural member (1) is heated rapidly in the heating stage to reduce oxidation of the stainless steel structural member, wherein the heating rate is 200-300 ℃ per hour from room temperature to 500 ℃, and the heating rate is 175-275 ℃ per hour from 500 ℃ to 950 ℃; heating from 950 ℃ to the heat preservation temperature 1040+/-10 ℃ at the heating rate of 250-300 ℃ per hour; keeping the temperature at 500 ℃ and 950 ℃ for 10-15 minutes respectively, ensuring the temperature of the parts to be as uniform as possible during heating, and reducing the deformation; maintaining at 1040+ -10deg.C for 30 min;
the cooling rate is required to be controlled in the cooling stage, the cooling rate is 160-170 ℃ per hour from the insulation temperature 1040+/-10 ℃ to 900 ℃, and rapid cooling is required to be carried out from 900 ℃ to 600 ℃ to form an austenite structure, and the cooling rate is 300-600 ℃ per hour and is completed within 30-60 minutes; the cooling rate is no longer controlled from 600 ℃ to room temperature;
step five, tapping and cooling the stainless steel structural member (1): when the temperature is below 600 ℃, the heating power supply is turned off, the air inlet pipe and the air outlet pipe are turned off, furnace cooling is carried out, the temperature recording instrument is kept to work continuously, and the furnace cooling can be discharged below 200 ℃;
step six, checking: and (3) after the stainless steel structural member (1) is cooled to room temperature, opening the tool, and checking whether the deformation, the metallographic structure and the temperature recording curve meet the requirements or not, wherein the deformation is less than 2 mm.
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