CN114682883A - Method for preheating before welding and stress relieving after welding of pulse current auxiliary type high-strength titanium alloy - Google Patents
Method for preheating before welding and stress relieving after welding of pulse current auxiliary type high-strength titanium alloy Download PDFInfo
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- CN114682883A CN114682883A CN202210207672.4A CN202210207672A CN114682883A CN 114682883 A CN114682883 A CN 114682883A CN 202210207672 A CN202210207672 A CN 202210207672A CN 114682883 A CN114682883 A CN 114682883A
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- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 106
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 79
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 74
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 56
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 28
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/16—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas
- B23K9/167—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas and of a non-consumable electrode
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/235—Preliminary treatment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/32—Accessories
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/34—Methods of heating
- C21D1/40—Direct resistance heating
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/50—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for welded joints
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/02—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working in inert or controlled atmosphere or vacuum
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/16—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of other metals or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/18—High-melting or refractory metals or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/183—High-melting or refractory metals or alloys based thereon of titanium or alloys based thereon
Abstract
A method for preheating before welding and eliminating stress after welding of a pulse current auxiliary type high-strength titanium alloy is characterized in that a pulse current rapid synchronous heating mode is adopted according to material characteristics of the high-strength titanium alloy, temperature rise of a metal piece before welding and stress elimination of a welding area after welding can be achieved rapidly, efficiently and stably, the method has the advantages of being simple to operate, even in material temperature rise, high in efficiency, low in cost and the like, heating efficiency is improved to a certain extent, the defect of welding cracking of the high-strength titanium alloy is reduced, residual stress after welding is reduced, welding quality is improved obviously, and the method has good technical application and market prospects in the fields of ships, ocean engineering titanium alloy equipment and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of titanium alloy welding, in particular to a method for preheating before and eliminating stress after welding of a pulse current auxiliary type high-strength titanium alloy.
Background
The titanium alloy has high specific strength and good corrosion resistance, particularly excellent seawater corrosion resistance, and is a preferred material for a pressure-resistant structure of deep sea equipment. The pressure-resistant spherical shell is prepared by adopting the high-strength titanium alloy with the yield strength of more than 1000MPa, and is applied to the ten-kilometer manned deep submersible vehicle independently developed in China. However, the high-strength titanium alloy has poor welding crack resistance, cracks easily occur during welding at room temperature, the material needs to be welded after preheating, and a heat treatment or ultrasonic vibration mode is usually adopted to eliminate welding residual stress after welding.
The conventional method for preheating the high-strength titanium alloy before welding in the prior art comprises the following steps: and preparing a heating device, and realizing the temperature rise of the titanium alloy material through heat radiation. The preheating mode mainly has the following problems:
(1) the heating device is adopted for preheating, the operation is complex, and the device cost is high;
(2) the heat radiation heating temperature rise is slow, and the efficiency is low;
(3) the titanium alloy has low heat conductivity, and the thick plate is easily heated unevenly, thereby influencing the welding quality.
The conventional method for stress relief of titanium alloy after welding in the prior art comprises the following steps: the ultrasonic vibration treatment or the heat treatment mainly has the following problems:
(1) the ultrasonic vibration stress relief is adopted, the efficiency is low, the stress relief degree of the surface of the thick plate is inconsistent with that of the core, and a stress gradient is easy to form;
(2) the adoption of heat treatment stress relief requires that the whole welded structure is put into a heating furnace for heat treatment, and has high requirements on the specification and temperature control of the heating furnace, complex operation and high cost.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical purpose of the invention is as follows: aiming at the material characteristics of the high-strength titanium alloy, a mode of pulse current rapid synchronous heating is adopted to rapidly and efficiently realize the high-efficiency preheating before the welding of the high-strength titanium alloy and the large-amplitude residual stress elimination after the welding, the method has the advantages of simple operation, high efficiency, low cost, no pollution and the like, and has good technical application and market prospect in the fields of titanium alloy equipment of ships, ocean engineering and the like.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: the method for preheating before and eliminating stress after welding of the pulse current auxiliary type high-strength titanium alloy comprises the following steps:
1) processing a titanium alloy test plate to be welded to a proper size and groove width;
2) cleaning a groove area of the titanium alloy test plate prepared in the step 1), and polishing the cleaned groove area by using a hard alloy grinding head until the surface of the groove area is free of oxide skin;
3) coating the titanium alloy test plate treated in the step 2) by using tin foil paper;
4) under the condition of continuously introducing argon gas for protection, connecting the titanium alloy test plate coated in the step 3) with pulse power supply equipment by adopting a clamp, starting the pulse power supply equipment, and heating the titanium alloy test plate to a set preheating temperature in a pulse current treatment mode;
5) removing the tin foil paper coated on the surface of the titanium alloy test plate, performing TIG welding on the preheated titanium alloy test plate in the step 4) under the condition of continuous argon protection, detecting whether the titanium alloy test plate has a crack defect by adopting a coloring and permeating mode after welding, and then detecting the residual stress value of the center of a welding line of the titanium alloy test plate by adopting a blind hole method;
6) coating the titanium alloy test plate after the treatment in the step 5) by using tin foil paper again;
7) under the condition of continuously introducing argon gas for protection, connecting the titanium alloy test plate coated in the step 6) with pulse power supply equipment by using a clamp, starting the pulse power supply equipment, heating the titanium alloy test plate to a set stress relief temperature in a pulse current treatment mode, and carrying out heat preservation treatment for 10-100 min;
8) and detecting the residual stress value of the center of the welding line of the titanium alloy test plate after the step 7) of stress elimination treatment is finished by adopting a blind hole method.
Preferably, in step 4) and step 7), the material of the fixture is steel.
Preferably, in the step 4), the frequency of the pulse current treatment is 10 to 1000Hz, the pulse width is 5 to 100 mus, the current is 1000 to 30000A, and the preset preheating temperature of the titanium alloy test plate is 200 to 800 ℃.
Preferably, in step 4), step 5) and step 6), the purity of the argon used is 99.99%.
Preferably, in the step 7), the frequency of the pulse current treatment is 10 to 1000Hz, the pulse width is 5 to 100 mus, the current is 1000 to 30000A, and the set stress relief temperature of the titanium alloy test plate is 300 to 800 ℃.
Has the advantages that:
the method for preheating before welding and eliminating stress after welding of the pulse current auxiliary type high-strength titanium alloy can quickly, efficiently and stably realize temperature rise of a metal piece before welding and stress elimination of a welding area after welding by a mode of quick synchronous heating of pulse current aiming at the preheating before welding and the eliminating stress after welding of the high-strength titanium alloy, has the advantages of simplicity in operation, uniform material temperature rise, high efficiency, low cost and the like, improves the heating efficiency to a certain extent, reduces the welding crack defect of the high-strength titanium alloy, reduces the residual stress after welding, obviously improves the welding quality, and has good technical application and market prospects in the fields of ships, ocean engineering titanium alloy equipment and the like. The advantages are particularly shown in the following aspects:
(1) the titanium alloy test plate is quickly preheated by adopting pulse current treatment before welding, the temperature of the material is uniform, the temperature is quickly raised, and the preheating time is not more than 10 min;
(2) after the titanium alloy test plate is welded, pulse current treatment is adopted to eliminate welding residual stress, so that synchronous heating of a welding joint can be realized, the stress elimination is uniform, and the residual stress at the center of a welding line can be reduced by more than 80% after treatment;
(3) the pulse current is adopted for pre-heating before welding and stress relief after welding, large-scale heat treatment equipment is not needed, the operation is simple, the efficiency is high, no pollution is caused, and the processing cost is greatly reduced.
(4) During pulse current treatment, by limiting key process parameters such as current, frequency and pulse width, the balanced matching of impedance and inductive impedance coupling is realized, the instantaneous energy input is improved, and the combined action of the electric effect and the heat effect achieves the good effects of quickly preheating the titanium alloy test plate before welding and eliminating residual stress after welding.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be further illustrated and described in detail with reference to several specific embodiments.
A method for preheating before and eliminating stress after welding of a pulse current auxiliary type high-strength titanium alloy comprises the following steps:
1) processing a titanium alloy test plate to be welded to a proper size and groove width;
2) cleaning a groove area of the titanium alloy test plate prepared in the step 1), and polishing the cleaned groove area by using a hard alloy grinding head until the surface of the groove area is free of oxide skin;
3) coating the titanium alloy test plate treated in the step 2) by using tin foil paper, and then continuously introducing high-purity argon;
4) under the condition of continuously introducing argon gas for protection, connecting the titanium alloy test plate coated in the step 3) with pulse power supply equipment by using a steel clamp, starting the pulse power supply equipment, selecting the process parameters of pulse current according to the size of the test plate, setting the frequency of the pulse current to be 10-1000 Hz, the pulse width to be 5-100 mus, and the current to be 1000-30000A, and heating the titanium alloy test plate to the preset preheating temperature of 200-800 ℃ in a pulse current treatment mode;
5) removing tin foil paper coated on the surface of the titanium alloy test panel, carrying out high-purity argon shielded arc welding (TIG welding) on the preheated titanium alloy test panel in the step 4) under the condition of continuous argon protection, detecting whether the titanium alloy test panel has a crack defect by adopting a coloring and permeating mode after welding, and then detecting the residual stress value of the center of a welding line of the titanium alloy test panel by adopting a blind hole method;
6) coating the titanium alloy test plate after the treatment in the step 5) by using tin foil paper again, and then continuously introducing high-purity argon;
7) under the condition of continuously introducing argon gas for protection, connecting the titanium alloy test plate coated in the step 6) with pulse power supply equipment by using a steel clamp, starting the pulse power supply equipment, selecting the process parameters of pulse current according to the size of the test plate, setting the frequency of the pulse current to be 10-1000 Hz, the pulse width to be 5-100 mus and the current to be 1000-30000A, heating the titanium alloy test plate to the set reaction temperature of 300-800 ℃ by using a pulse current treatment mode, and carrying out heat preservation treatment for 10-100 min;
8) and detecting the residual stress value of the center of the welding line of the titanium alloy test plate after the step 7) of stress elimination treatment is finished by adopting a blind hole method.
In the above step, the argon gas used is high purity argon gas with a purity of 99.99%.
The invention aims to provide a pulse current auxiliary method for preheating before and eliminating stress after welding of high-strength titanium alloy, which adopts pulse current to rapidly and synchronously heat, has the advantages of uniform material temperature rise, high efficiency, low cost and the like, and meets the requirements of preheating before and eliminating stress after welding of the high-strength titanium alloy.
The invention is explained in more detail below by means of two specific examples, the purpose of which is to disclose the invention with the aim of protecting all changes and modifications within the scope of the invention, which is not limited to the following examples.
Example 1
A method for preheating before and eliminating stress after welding of a pulse current auxiliary type high-strength titanium alloy comprises the following steps:
1) the size of the titanium alloy test board to be welded is 100 multiplied by 50 multiplied by 10mm, and the width of the groove is 12 mm;
2) cleaning the groove area of the titanium alloy test plate, and polishing the groove area by using a hard alloy grinding head to remove oxide skin;
3) coating the titanium alloy test plate treated in the step 2) by using tin foil paper, and then continuously introducing argon with the purity of 99.99%;
4) under the condition of continuously introducing argon gas for protection, connecting the titanium alloy test plate coated in the step 3) with pulse power supply equipment by adopting a steel clamp, starting the pulse power supply equipment, setting the frequency of pulse current to be 300Hz, the pulse width to be 50 mus, the current to be 20000A, the preheating temperature of a sample to be 500 ℃ and the electrifying time to be 2 min;
5) removing tin foil paper coated on the surface of the titanium alloy test panel, carrying out high-purity argon arc welding (TIG welding) on the preheated titanium alloy test panel in the step 4) under the condition of continuous high-purity argon protection, detecting whether the titanium alloy test panel has a crack defect or not by adopting a coloring and permeating mode after welding, and then detecting the residual stress value of the center of a welding seam of the titanium alloy test panel by adopting a blind hole method, wherein the detection result is shown in the following table 1;
6) coating the titanium alloy test plate after the treatment in the step 5) by adopting tin foil paper again, and then continuously introducing argon with the purity of 99.99%;
7) connecting the titanium alloy test plate coated in the step 6) with pulse power supply equipment by adopting a steel clamp under the condition of continuously introducing argon for protection, starting the pulse power supply equipment, setting the pulse current frequency to be 50Hz, the pulse width to be 50 mus and the current to be 22000A, heating the titanium alloy test plate to the set stress relief temperature of 600 ℃, and carrying out heat preservation treatment for 50 min;
8) and detecting the residual stress value of the center of the welding line of the titanium alloy test plate after the step 7) of stress elimination treatment by adopting a blind hole method, wherein the detection result is shown in the following table 1.
Example 2
A method for preheating before and eliminating stress after welding of a pulse current auxiliary type high-strength titanium alloy comprises the following steps:
1) the size of the titanium alloy test board to be welded is 100 multiplied by 50 multiplied by 15mm, and the width of the groove is 12 mm;
2) cleaning the groove area of the titanium alloy test plate, and polishing the groove area by using a hard alloy grinding head to remove oxide skin;
3) coating the titanium alloy test plate treated in the step 2) by using tin foil paper, and then continuously introducing argon with the purity of 99.99%;
4) under the condition of continuously introducing argon gas for protection, connecting the titanium alloy test plate coated in the step 3) with pulse power supply equipment by using a steel clamp, starting the pulse power supply equipment, setting the frequency of pulse current to be 1000Hz, the pulse width to be 100 mus, the current to be 18000A, the preheating temperature of a sample to be 550 ℃, and the electrifying time to be 3 min;
5) removing tin foil paper coated on the surface of the titanium alloy test panel, carrying out high-purity argon arc welding (TIG welding) on the preheated titanium alloy test panel in the step 4) under the condition of continuous high-purity argon protection, detecting whether the titanium alloy test panel has a crack defect or not by adopting a coloring and permeating mode after welding, and then detecting the residual stress value of the center of a welding seam of the titanium alloy test panel by adopting a blind hole method, wherein the detection result is shown in the following table 1;
6) coating the titanium alloy test plate after the treatment in the step 5) by using tin foil paper again, and then continuously introducing argon with the purity of 99.99%;
7) under the condition of continuously introducing argon gas for protection, connecting the titanium alloy test plate coated in the step 6) with pulse power supply equipment by using a steel clamp, starting the pulse power supply equipment, setting the pulse current frequency to be 80Hz, the pulse width to be 60 mus and the current to be 28000A, heating the titanium alloy test plate to the set stress relief temperature of 680 ℃, and carrying out heat preservation treatment for 60 min;
8) and detecting the residual stress value of the center of the welding line of the titanium alloy test plate after the step 7) of stress relief treatment is finished by adopting a blind hole method, wherein the detection result is shown in the following table 1.
Table 1 test results of welded titanium alloy test panels
From the above examples and experimental measurement data, it can be seen that: the method for preheating before welding and stress relieving after welding of the pulse current auxiliary type high-strength titanium alloy can conveniently and efficiently realize preheating before welding of the high-strength titanium alloy, and has uniform stress relieving after welding and good stress relieving effect.
The embodiments selected for the purpose of disclosing the invention are presently considered to be suitable, but it will be understood that the invention is intended to cover all variations and modifications of the embodiments, which fall within the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. The method for preheating before and stress relief after welding of the pulse current auxiliary type high-strength titanium alloy is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
1) processing a titanium alloy test plate to be welded to a proper size and groove width;
2) cleaning a groove area of the titanium alloy test plate prepared in the step 1), and polishing the cleaned groove area by using a hard alloy grinding head until the surface of the groove area is free of oxide skin;
3) coating the titanium alloy test plate treated in the step 2) by using tin foil paper;
4) under the condition of continuously introducing argon gas for protection, connecting the titanium alloy test plate coated in the step 3) with pulse power supply equipment by adopting a clamp, starting the pulse power supply equipment, and heating the titanium alloy test plate to a set preheating temperature in a pulse current treatment mode;
5) removing the tin foil paper coated on the surface of the titanium alloy test plate, performing TIG welding on the preheated titanium alloy test plate in the step 4) under the condition of continuous argon protection, detecting whether the titanium alloy test plate has a crack defect by adopting a coloring and permeating mode after welding, and then detecting the residual stress value of the center of a welding line of the titanium alloy test plate by adopting a blind hole method;
6) coating the titanium alloy test plate after the treatment in the step 5) by using tin foil paper again;
7) under the condition of continuously introducing argon gas for protection, connecting the titanium alloy test plate coated in the step 6) with pulse power supply equipment by using a clamp, starting the pulse power supply equipment, heating the titanium alloy test plate to a set stress relief temperature in a pulse current treatment mode, and carrying out heat preservation treatment for 10-100 min;
8) and detecting the residual stress value of the center of the welding line of the titanium alloy test plate after the step 7) of stress elimination treatment is finished by adopting a blind hole method.
2. The method for preheating before and eliminating stress after welding of the pulse current auxiliary type high-strength titanium alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the steps 4) and 7), the clamp is made of steel.
3. The method for preheating before and eliminating stress after welding of the pulse current auxiliary type high-strength titanium alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step 4), the frequency of the pulse current treatment is 10-1000 Hz, the pulse width is 5-100 mus, the current is 1000-30000A, and the set preheating temperature of the titanium alloy test plate is 200-800 ℃.
4. The method for preheating before and eliminating stress after welding of the pulse current auxiliary type high-strength titanium alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step 4), step 5) and step 6), the purity of the argon used was 99.99%.
5. The method for preheating before and eliminating stress after welding of the pulse current auxiliary type high-strength titanium alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step 7), the frequency of the pulse current treatment is 10-1000 Hz, the pulse width is 5-100 mus, the current is 1000-30000A, and the set stress relief temperature of the titanium alloy test plate is 300-800 ℃.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115874130A (en) * | 2022-11-24 | 2023-03-31 | 西南交通大学 | High-current narrow-pulse auxiliary titanium-aluminum welded joint low-temperature stress slow release method |
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| CN115874130B (en) * | 2022-11-24 | 2024-03-08 | 西南交通大学 | Low-temperature stress slow-release method for high-current narrow-pulse auxiliary titanium-aluminum welding joint |
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