CN114681567A - Fresh gastrodia elata and primary processing method thereof - Google Patents
Fresh gastrodia elata and primary processing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 241000305491 Gastrodia elata Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- BVJSUAQZOZWCKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol Chemical compound OCC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 BVJSUAQZOZWCKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- PUQSUZTXKPLAPR-UJPOAAIJSA-N Gastrodin Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1OC1=CC=C(CO)C=C1 PUQSUZTXKPLAPR-UJPOAAIJSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- PUQSUZTXKPLAPR-KSSYENDESA-N 4-(beta-D-Glucopyranosyloxy) benzyl alcohol Natural products O([C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1)c1ccc(CO)cc1 PUQSUZTXKPLAPR-KSSYENDESA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 31
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- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 5
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- PBCJIPOGFJYBJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetonitrile;hydrate Chemical compound O.CC#N PBCJIPOGFJYBJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- A61K2236/10—Preparation or pretreatment of starting material
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Abstract
The invention discloses a fresh gastrodia elata and a primary processing method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of primary processing of traditional Chinese medicinal materials. The preparation method of the fresh rhizoma gastrodiae slices disclosed by the invention adopts the method of slicing the medicinal materials, then boiling and drying, further defines the slice thickness, the boiling time and the drying temperature, and enriches the current preparation method of the fresh rhizoma gastrodiae slices. The experimental result of the invention shows that the total amount of the p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol and the gastrodin contained in the gastrodia elata medicinal material processed by the method is mostly higher than 0.25 percent specified in pharmacopoeia, and the total content of the two substances can reach 0.84 percent at most.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of preliminary processing of traditional Chinese medicinal materials, and particularly relates to a fresh gastrodia elata and a preliminary processing method thereof.
Background
The rhizoma Gastrodiae is dried tuber of Gastrodia elata Bl. of Orchidaceae, and has effects of calming endogenous wind, relieving spasm, suppressing liver yang, dispelling pathogenic wind, and dredging collaterals. Rhizoma gastrodiae is used as a traditional rare medicine and food dual-purpose traditional Chinese medicine, and has been recorded as a medicine for treating diseases in the Han Dynasty for more than two thousand years. Gastrodia elata was first recorded in Shen nong Ben Cao Jing as the top grade, and is called "Red arrow" because its stem looks like an arrow and is red. Rhizoma gastrodiae is commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine for treating infantile convulsions, so the rhizoma gastrodiae is also called as wind-calming herb according to the drug effect, and the rhizoma gastrodiae is used for treating epilepsy convulsion, tetanus, headache and dizziness, limb paralysis, limb numbness, rheumatism and arthralgia and the like.
With the continuous development of edible and medicinal values of gastrodia elata in recent years, the market of gastrodia elata is continuously expanded. However, fresh gastrodia elata is not suitable for long-term storage, is easy to carry out enzymolysis, mildew and even rot, and can influence the content of active ingredients of the gastrodia elata, and the content of polysaccharide, p-hydroxybenzol and gastrodin in the gastrodia elata stored at normal temperature is lower than that of the fresh gastrodia elata and the frozen gastrodia elata stored at low temperature. In addition to the cultivation technology, the primary processing method is the most critical link in the quality control of the traditional Chinese medicinal materials such as the gastrodia elata and the like. Therefore, the primary processing method is very important for better controlling the commodity quality of the gastrodia elata.
At present, the prior art has less research on the initial processing method and quality control standard of the fresh gastrodia elata in the producing area, and the quality of the gastrodia elata commodity in the market is uneven due to the lack of the corresponding processing technical standard. The common primary processing method of rhizoma gastrodiae includes steaming, drying, boiling, drying, directly drying fresh product and the like. The content of the active ingredients of the gastrodia elata is directly influenced by the primary processing mode. Factors affecting the primary processing method include steaming or boiling time, slice thickness, drying mode, drying temperature, etc. The traditional primary processing method of the gastrodia elata is that whole gastrodia elata blocks are steamed, boiled or directly dried to be used as raw medicinal materials, and when the gastrodia elata is used, the gastrodia elata blocks are washed, moistened or softened with water and then sliced, so that active ingredients are lost, and the quality of the gastrodia elata is reduced. Therefore, it is very important to be able to carry out reasonable initial processing on the harvested fresh gastrodia elata in the producing area.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a primary processing method of fresh gastrodia elata, which can effectively improve the quality of medicinal materials, retain effective components, save transportation cost and improve the additional value of local medicinal material planting.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme to realize the purpose:
the invention discloses a primary processing method of fresh gastrodia elata, which comprises the following steps:
1) washing fresh rhizoma Gastrodiae with clear water to remove silt, and draining off water on the surface of the rhizoma Gastrodiae;
2) cutting cleaned fresh rhizoma Gastrodiae into pieces, boiling, taking out, and draining off water;
3) and (3) drying the rhizoma gastrodiae slices cooked in the step 2) to obtain fresh rhizoma gastrodiae slices.
Preferably, in the step 2), fresh gastrodia elata is cut into gastrodia elata slices of 0.3-0.8 cm.
Preferably, in the step 2), the boiling time is 5-15 min.
Further preferably, the boiling time is 10 min.
Preferably, in the step 3), the drying treatment is performed at 50 ℃ to 70 ℃.
The invention optimizes the most suitable initial processing method of the fresh gastrodia elata through an orthogonal experiment, and the method comprises the following steps of:
1) washing fresh rhizoma Gastrodiae with clear water to remove silt, and draining off water on the surface of the rhizoma Gastrodiae;
2) cutting cleaned fresh rhizoma Gastrodiae into 0.8cm rhizoma Gastrodiae slices, decocting in boiling water for 10min, taking out, and draining;
3) and (3) processing the rhizoma gastrodiae slices cooked in the step 2) at 50 ℃ until the rhizoma gastrodiae slices are completely dried to obtain fresh rhizoma gastrodiae slices.
Preferably, the method also comprises the operation of packaging the fresh rhizoma gastrodiae slices.
The fresh rhizoma gastrodiae slice prepared by the preliminary processing method has the advantages that the total content of the p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol and the gastrodin in the fresh rhizoma gastrodiae slice is higher than 0.25%, and the total content of the two substances is up to 0.84%.
Preferably, the fresh rhizoma gastrodiae slices can be directly used as decoction pieces or directly pulverized for use.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the development of a primary processing technology of a producing area of a traditional Chinese medicinal material is a new trend of the development of the traditional Chinese medicine industry, the primary processing of the producing area of a fresh medicinal material can improve the quality of the medicinal material, save transportation cost and improve the additional value of local medicinal material planting, and has wide application prospect. The preparation method of the fresh gastrodia elata slices disclosed by the invention adopts the method of slicing the medicinal materials, boiling and drying the medicinal materials, further defines the slice thickness, the boiling time and the drying temperature, and enriches the current preparation method of the fresh gastrodia elata slices. The experimental result of the invention shows that the total amount of the p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol and the gastrodin contained in the gastrodia elata medicinal material processed by the method is mostly higher than 0.25 percent specified in pharmacopoeia, and the total content of the two substances can reach 0.84 percent at most.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a standard curve of p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol control;
FIG. 2 is a calibration curve of gastrodin control;
FIG. 3 is a chromatogram of p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol as a control;
FIG. 4 is a chromatogram of a gastrodin control;
FIG. 5 is a chromatogram of a test sample;
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the effect of the rhizoma Gastrodiae decoction.
Detailed Description
In order to make those skilled in the art better understand the technical solutions of the present invention, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," and the like in the description and claims of the present invention and in the drawings described above are used for distinguishing between similar elements and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. It is to be understood that the data so used is interchangeable under appropriate circumstances such that the embodiments of the invention described herein are capable of operation in sequences other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprises," "comprising," and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not necessarily limited to those steps or elements expressly listed, but may include other steps or elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
1. experimental design of preliminary processing method of fresh gastrodia elata sample
The experiment adopts a boiling method, namely, fresh clean rhizoma gastrodiae is cut into slices (0.3cm, 0.5cm and 0.8cm), boiled in boiling water for set time (5 minutes, 10 minutes and 15 minutes) and dried at set drying temperature (50 ℃, 60 ℃ and 70 ℃).
1.1 influence factors of cooking
Three factors of slice thickness, boiling time and drying temperature which have great influence on the processing of the gastrodia elata boiling method are selected in the experiment, each factor is selected from three horizontal design orthogonal experiments, and the levels of the orthogonal experiment factors are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 cooking process factor level table
1.2 orthogonal Experimental design
Using a three factor three level orthogonal Experimental Table (L)9(34) Design experiment, a total of 9 experiments were performed, and the specific experimental conditions are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 orthogonal experimental table for boiling process
1.3 sample content determination
1.3.1 preparation of control solutions
Preparing a gastrodin reference substance solution: taking a proper amount of gastrodin reference substance, precisely weighing, and preparing into 50 μ g/mL reference substance solution with acetonitrile-water (3: 97) mixed solution.
Preparation of p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol reference solution: taking a proper amount of p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol reference substance, precisely weighing, and preparing the reference substance solution of each 25 mug/mL by using acetonitrile-water (3: 97) mixed solution.
Preparing a test solution: respectively taking about 2g of fine powder of 9 groups of gastrodia elata medicinal materials, precisely weighing, placing in a conical flask with a plug, precisely adding 50mL of dilute ethanol (the concentration is about 50%), weighing, carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 30 minutes under the conditions of power of 120W and frequency of 40Khz, cooling, and supplementing the lost weight with the dilute ethanol. And (3) carrying out suction filtration on the mixed solution, precisely taking 10mL of subsequent filtrate, concentrating until the filtrate is nearly dry and has no alcohol smell, dissolving the residual residue with an acetonitrile-water (3: 97) mixed solution, transferring the solution into a 25mL volumetric flask, diluting the solution to a scale with the acetonitrile-water (3: 97) mixed solution, and shaking up. Filtering the mixed solution with microporous membrane, and collecting the filtrate to obtain the sample solution.
1.3.2 chromatographic conditions
A chromatographic column: wondasil C18 upeb column (4.6X 250mm, 5 μm)
Mobile phase: acetonitrile-0.05% phosphoric acid solution (3: 97)
Column temperature: 25 deg.C
Flow rate: 1.0mL/min
Detection wavelength: 220nm
Sample introduction amount: 10 μ L
The number of theoretical plates is not less than 5000 according to the gastrodin peak, and a tailing factor is between 0.95 and 1.05.
1.3.3 Linear relationship investigation
Taking appropriate amount of p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol reference substance solution, preparing into 6.25 μ g/mL, 12.5 μ g/mL, 25 μ g/mL, 37.5 μ g/mL, 50 μ g/mL reference substance solution, detecting according to above chromatographic conditions, recording peak area, and drawing standard curve.
Taking appropriate amount of gastrodine reference substance solution, making into reference substance solutions of 12.5 μ g/mL, 25 μ g/mL, 50 μ g/mL, 100 μ g/mL, 200 μ g/mL, detecting according to the above chromatographic conditions, recording peak area, and drawing standard curve.
1.3.4 measurement of the content of Paraxynol and Gastrodin in the test article
Precisely taking 10 μ L of the reference solution and 10 μ L of the test solution, sequentially injecting into high performance liquid chromatograph, and detecting under the above chromatographic conditions. Recording the chromatogram, comparing the retention time to determine whether the sample contains the p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol and the gastrodin, and calculating the content of the p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol and the gastrodin in the sample by adopting an external standard one-point method according to the peak area.
2. Experimental result of initial processing method of fresh gastrodia elata sample
2.1 results of Linear relationship examination
2.1.1 Standard Curve for P-hydroxybenzol control
Standard curves were plotted with the peak areas of p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol control solutions at concentrations of 6.25. mu.g/mL, 12.5. mu.g/mL, 25. mu.g/mL, 37.5. mu.g/mL, 50. mu.g/mL, respectively, as ordinate and the concentration as abscissa, as shown in FIG. 1. The regression equation is 1605.4x +26405, R2 0.9980.
2.1.2 Gastrodin reference standard curve
The peak areas of the gastrodin control solutions with concentrations of 12.5. mu.g/mL, 25. mu.g/mL, 50. mu.g/mL, 100. mu.g/mL and 200. mu.g/mL are plotted as ordinate and concentration as abscissa, respectively, to obtain a standard curve, which is shown in FIG. 2. The regression equation is 7362.4x +698711, and R2 is 0.9958.
2.2 chromatogram of control and test sample
2.2.1 high performance liquid chromatogram of p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol reference substance
Referring to fig. 3, it can be seen from fig. 3 that the hydroxybenzyl alcohol control substance can be used for content determination of gastrodia elata.
2.2.2 Gastrodin reference high performance liquid chromatogram
Referring to fig. 4, it can be seen from fig. 4 that the gastrodin control can be used for content determination of gastrodia elata.
2.2.3 high performance liquid chromatogram of test sample
Referring to fig. 5, it can be seen from fig. 5 that the separation degree of hydroxybenzyl alcohol from gastrodin is good.
2.39 sample content determination
2.3.1 determination of the content of p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol in the sample
The peak areas (A1, A2) of p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol in the nine groups of samples were measured, the peak area average (A) was calculated, and the p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol content (Cx) in the samples was calculated from the peak area average. The results are shown in Table 3:
TABLE 3 determination table of p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol content in sample
The results in Table 3 show that the thickness of fresh rhizoma Gastrodiae slice is 0.8cm, the boiling time is 10min, and the highest p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol content is obtained at 70 deg.C.
2.3.2 determination of Gastrodin content in sample
Determination of the Peak area of Gastrodin in nine groups of samples (A)1、A2) Calculating the average value of peak area (A), and calculating the gastrodin content (C) in the sample according to the average value of peak areax). The results are shown in Table 4:
TABLE 4 Gastrodin content determination table in sample
The results in Table 4 show that the fresh rhizoma Gastrodiae slice has a thickness of 0.5cm, a boiling time of 5min, and a drying temperature of 70 deg.C, and has the highest gastrodin content.
2.3.3 Total amount of p-hydroxybenzol and Gastrodin in the sample
The quality of the gastrodia elata medicinal material is inspected by the total content of the p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol and the gastrodin in the current pharmacopoeia, and the qualified medicinal material contains not less than 0.25 percent of the total content of the two substances according to the dry product.
The total amount and mass percentage of p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol and gastrodin measured under different primary processing conditions are shown in table 5:
TABLE 5 Total content determination table for p-hydroxybenzol and gastrodin
2.3.4 orthogonal Experimental analysis
Orthogonal analysis is carried out on orthogonal experiments of the primary processing of the gastrodia elata boiling method, the visual analysis table is shown in a table 6, and an effect curve diagram is shown in the table 6.
Table 6 visual analysis table
The magnitude of the range R value in the visual analysis table shows the influence of three factors on the experiment. The factors influencing the boiling method processing of the gastrodia elata are the drying temperature, the slicing thickness and the boiling time. The optimal process is A by taking the total content of p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol and gastrodin as investigation indexes3B2C1The optimal conditions for the initial processing of fresh rhizoma Gastrodiae slice are slice thickness of 0.8cm, boiling time of 10min, and drying temperature of 50 deg.C.
In addition, as can be understood from the effect graph shown in fig. 6, the optimal conditions for the preliminary processing of fresh gastrodia elata slices are that the slice thickness is 0.8cm, the boiling time is 10min, and the drying temperature is 50 ℃.
3. Small knot
The traditional primary processing method of rhizoma gastrodiae is to clean the whole rhizoma gastrodiae, then to process the rhizoma gastrodiae by steaming or boiling, and then to slice or dry the whole rhizoma gastrodiae. The method adopts the method of slicing the medicinal materials, boiling and drying, and experimental results show that the total amount of the p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol and the gastrodin contained in the gastrodia elata medicinal materials processed by the method is mostly higher than 0.25 percent specified in pharmacopeia, and the total content of the two substances can reach 0.84 percent at most.
In addition, the results of the experiment also show that the active ingredient mainly contained in the rhizoma gastrodiae after the primary processing is p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol, namely the gastrodin, and the content of the gastrodin in the 9 groups of samples is relatively low. Other researchers also find that the gastrodine content in the gastrodia elata is low in the experimental process, so that the experiment and related documents can be combined to conclude that the main synthetic substance of the gastrodia elata in the growth process is p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol, and the p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol can be used for synthesizing the gastrodine with different saccharides, but the content is low. Since the p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol can pass through the blood brain barrier, the p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol is considered as the main component playing a pharmacological activity role in the gastrodia elata, so that the content of the p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol can be used as a main standard for evaluating the quality of the gastrodia elata medicinal material.
Through quality inspection, the quality of the three batches of amplified process samples meets the quality regulation under the item of rhizoma gastrodiae in the first part of China pharmacopoeia 2020 edition, and the process is considered to be basically feasible.
The above-mentioned contents are only for illustrating the technical idea of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby, and any modification made on the basis of the technical idea of the present invention falls within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A primary processing method of fresh gastrodia elata is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) washing fresh rhizoma Gastrodiae with clear water to remove silt, and draining off water on the surface of the rhizoma Gastrodiae;
2) cutting cleaned fresh rhizoma Gastrodiae into pieces, boiling, taking out, and draining off water;
3) and (3) drying the rhizoma gastrodiae slices cooked in the step 2) to obtain fresh rhizoma gastrodiae slices.
2. The preliminary processing method of fresh gastrodia elata as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 2), the fresh gastrodia elata is cut into 0.3-0.8 cm slices.
3. The method for pre-processing fresh gastrodia elata as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 2), the boiling time is 5-15 min.
4. The method for pre-processing fresh rhizoma Gastrodiae as claimed in claim 3, wherein the boiling time is 10 min.
5. The preliminary processing method of fresh gastrodia elata as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 3), the drying treatment is performed at 50-70 ℃.
6. A primary processing method of fresh gastrodia elata is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) washing fresh rhizoma Gastrodiae with clear water to remove silt, and draining off water on the surface of the rhizoma Gastrodiae;
2) cutting cleaned fresh rhizoma Gastrodiae into 0.8cm rhizoma Gastrodiae slices, decocting in boiling water for 10min, taking out, and draining;
3) and (3) processing the rhizoma gastrodiae slices cooked in the step 2) at 50 ℃ until the rhizoma gastrodiae slices are completely dried to obtain fresh rhizoma gastrodiae slices.
7. The method as claimed in claim 6, further comprising packaging the fresh rhizoma Gastrodiae slices.
8. The fresh rhizoma Gastrodiae slice prepared by the preliminary processing method of claim 6, wherein the total content of p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol and gastrodin in the fresh rhizoma Gastrodiae slice is higher than 0.25%, and the total content of the two substances is up to 0.84%.
9. The sliced fresh gastrodia elata as claimed in claim 8, wherein the sliced fresh gastrodia elata can be directly used as decoction pieces or directly pulverized for use.
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| CN102579845A (en) * | 2012-03-07 | 2012-07-18 | 玉溪市维和生物技术有限责任公司 | Preparation process of tall gastrodia tuber tablet rich in gastrodin |
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| CN110013029A (en) * | 2019-04-11 | 2019-07-16 | 成都大学 | Fresh Rhizoma Gastrodiae honey piece and preparation method thereof |
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| CN102579845A (en) * | 2012-03-07 | 2012-07-18 | 玉溪市维和生物技术有限责任公司 | Preparation process of tall gastrodia tuber tablet rich in gastrodin |
| CN105596790A (en) * | 2014-11-20 | 2016-05-25 | 贵州益佰制药股份有限公司 | Method for processing rhizoma gastrodiae medicinal material and measuring content |
| CN110013029A (en) * | 2019-04-11 | 2019-07-16 | 成都大学 | Fresh Rhizoma Gastrodiae honey piece and preparation method thereof |
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