CN114679231B - Method for acquiring space-based radio frequency map - Google Patents

Method for acquiring space-based radio frequency map Download PDF

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CN114679231B
CN114679231B CN202210343928.4A CN202210343928A CN114679231B CN 114679231 B CN114679231 B CN 114679231B CN 202210343928 A CN202210343928 A CN 202210343928A CN 114679231 B CN114679231 B CN 114679231B
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CN114679231A (en
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唐晓刚
陶然
李炯
郇浩
张斌权
庄文华
高明慧
潘协昭
任彦洁
冯俊豪
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Peoples Liberation Army Strategic Support Force Aerospace Engineering University
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B17/00—Monitoring; Testing
    • H04B17/30—Monitoring; Testing of propagation channels
    • H04B17/382—Monitoring; Testing of propagation channels for resource allocation, admission control or handover
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S5/00—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations
    • G01S5/02—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations using radio waves
    • G01S5/0252—Radio frequency fingerprinting
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B17/00—Monitoring; Testing
    • H04B17/30—Monitoring; Testing of propagation channels
    • H04B17/309—Measuring or estimating channel quality parameters
    • H04B17/318—Received signal strength
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/14—Relay systems
    • H04B7/15—Active relay systems
    • H04B7/185—Space-based or airborne stations; Stations for satellite systems
    • H04B7/1851—Systems using a satellite or space-based relay

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Abstract

The invention discloses a method for acquiring a space-based radio frequency map, which comprises the following steps of S1, acquiring radial distances between a satellite and a radiation source at different moments based on position coordinates of a ground radiation source; s2, acquiring signal power samples of the ground radiation source at a plurality of points of a space orbit by the satellite based on the radial distance between the satellite and the radiation source; s3, acquiring average emission power of a radiation source based on signal power sampling; s4, acquiring the power density around the radiation source by using the average emission power of the radiation source based on the electromagnetic wave prediction model of the mobile communication base station; and S5, synthesizing the related data to obtain a space-based radio frequency map. The advantages are that: the acquired space-based radio frequency map is wide in coverage range, long in working duration, strong in concealment and good in safety.

Description

Method for acquiring space-based radio frequency map
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of radio frequency maps, in particular to a method for acquiring a space-based radio frequency map.
Background
The radio frequency map provides a tool for relevant personnel to see current and potential spectrum interference and use conditions, so that spectrum management is more effective. The radio frequency map can visually present the frequency spectrum using condition, help frequency spectrum management personnel to detect unused frequency spectrum, rapidly distribute the unused frequency spectrum to other requirements, and improve task efficiency.
There are many scholars at home and abroad to study the problem. The learners do the perception experiment in the actual environment, as shown in fig. 1: the left graph is a sensor deployment point bitmap, and the right graph is a radio frequency map obtained through interpolation. The scheme has the advantages that when the sensors are scattered in a large number and the coverage range is wide and uniform enough, a fine regional radio frequency map is obtained, the defects that the coverage range and the duration are limited, uniform sensing is difficult, the concealment and the safety are poor, and once a sensor link is interfered and cannot upload a sensing result, the performance of the whole system is reduced and even the whole system fails are overcome. Some learners improve the interpolation algorithm of the radio frequency map, and the precision of the radio frequency map is improved, but the research results are based on the foreign sensor scattering scheme.
ZL201210379047.4 calculates the ambient electromagnetic situation from the viewpoint of the aircraft, but it ignores the spatial position information of the electromagnetic radiation source, and in a strict sense, it is not a map of the radiation source that is perceived, but a map similar to the electromagnetic field intensity distribution. The ZL201310372841.0 and ZL201610235479.6 estimate the peripheral electromagnetic situation from the perspective of a single-point monitoring station, and also ignore the radiation source position information, and do not form a radiation source map. ZL201710979669.3 optimizes sensor deployment. The ZL201810939989.0 uses the space resolving power of the array antenna to position a radiation source and invert the electromagnetic situation, but the space resolving power of the array antenna is obviously reduced along with the increase of the distance, and is a small-range and non-uniform sensing mode, and when large-range sensing is performed from a far place, the difference between the spatial resolving power and other single-point sensing systems is not large.
In summary, the existing radio frequency map technology has the following disadvantages:
1. the coverage area is small; no matter the radiation source is scattered by multiple sensors or monitored by a single point, the radiation source cannot be positioned and sensed in a large range, and a radio frequency map is formed.
2. The duration of operation is limited; the sensing sensor needs to process and upload sensing results in real time, and a battery carried by the sensing sensor cannot work for a long time.
3. Difficulty in uniform perception; influenced by weather and environmental factors during scattering, the scattered sensors are difficult to be uniformly distributed in the area to be sensed. Even if the spatial positions can be uniformly distributed, the perceptual sampling is non-uniform under the occlusion influence of terrain, buildings and the like.
4. The concealment is poor.
5. The safety is poor.
In summary, the current radio frequency map acquisition mode is mainly based on fixed sensor acquisition (single-point or multi-point), some focuses on electromagnetic feature processing observed by a single point of a sensor, and some focuses on electromagnetic environment inversion and visualization work of multiple sensors, and there is no method for acquiring a radio frequency map uniformly, covertly and safely in a large range.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for acquiring a space-based radio frequency map, so as to solve the problems in the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a method for acquiring a space-based radio frequency map comprises the following steps,
s1, acquiring radial distances between a satellite and a radiation source at different moments based on position coordinates of a ground radiation source;
s2, acquiring signal power sampling of the ground radiation source by the satellite at a plurality of points of a space orbit based on the radial distance between the satellite and the radiation source;
s3, acquiring average emission power of a radiation source based on signal power sampling;
s4, acquiring the power density around the radiation source by using the average emission power of the radiation source based on the electromagnetic wave prediction model of the mobile communication base station;
and S5, synthesizing the related data to obtain a space-based radio frequency map.
Preferably, in step S3, the satellite samples the signal power of the terrestrial radiation source at several points in the spatial orbit as,
Figure GDA0003929938250000021
wherein, P i Signal power of a ground radiation source at a space orbit point i for a satellite; p tr The emission power of a ground radiation source; g i For satellite position (X) i ,Y i ,Z i ) When the satellite antenna is in use, the ground radiation source gains the equivalent antenna in the direction of the line-of-sight distance of the central axis of the satellite antenna main lobe; l is a radical of an alcohol i For satellite position (X) i ,Y i ,Z i ) When the satellite is in use, the equivalent attenuation value of signal space propagation from a ground radiation source to the satellite is obtained; r i Is the radial distance between the satellite and the radiation source at the point i of the spatial orbit.
Preferably, step S4 specifically includes the following steps,
s41, carrying out field measurement on the emission power of a certain ground radiation source to obtain P tr The signal power of the ground radiation source is sampled P at a plurality of points in the space orbit based on the satellite i Calculating the satellite apparent distance as R i Time-of-flight ground radiation source parameters
Figure GDA0003929938250000031
The method comprises the steps that ground calibration is carried out on different radiation sources under different environments, and a radiation source calibration prior database is constructed; searching a database for matching radiation source parameters according to the type of radiation source
Figure GDA0003929938250000032
S42, carrying out fusion processing on the radiation source receiving signal power samples of N points on the satellite orbit, and combining radiation source parameters
Figure GDA0003929938250000033
The average emitting power of the ground radiation source can be obtained.
Preferably, step S42 obtains the average emitting power of the ground radiation source by means of average fusion, specifically, the parameters of the radiation source are obtained
Figure GDA0003929938250000034
Substituting into the following formula to obtain average emission power of radiation source
Figure GDA0003929938250000035
Figure GDA0003929938250000036
Where N is the total number of spatial sampling points, i =1,2,3, …, N.
Preferably, in step S5, based on the electromagnetic wave prediction model of the mobile communication base station, when only the intensity of the axial linear electromagnetic radiation of the main lobe of the antenna is considered, the power density around the radiation source is obtained;
Figure GDA0003929938250000037
wherein, P d Is the peripheral power density of the radiation source; g tr Gain for the radiation source antenna; l is the wireless propagation loss; and r is the distance between the ground radiation source and the measured point.
The beneficial effects of the invention are: 1. the obtained space-based radio frequency map is wide in coverage range. 2. The obtained space-based radio frequency map has long working duration. 3. The radiation source is overlooked from the zenith, the signal is a direct wave signal, and scattering and multipath effects caused by terrain environment and the like are averaged, so that the space-based radio frequency map is uniformly perceived. 4. The obtained space-based radio frequency map has strong concealment performance and can be transmitted to any safe place through a satellite-to-ground or inter-satellite link. 5. The acquired space-based radio frequency map is good in safety.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a prior art sensor deployment map and interpolated radio frequency map;
FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a method in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating a method for obtaining a radial distance between a satellite and a radiation source using ephemeris provided by a ground measurement and control station according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a map of the vicinity of the base in the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the calculation of the power density of the electromagnetic radiation of the radiation source and its surroundings in the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a space-based radio frequency map based on single-satellite doppler frequency difference passive positioning acquired in the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the invention, are intended for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Example one
As shown in fig. 2, in the present embodiment, a method for acquiring a space-based radio frequency map is provided, which includes the following steps,
s1, acquiring radial distances between a satellite and a radiation source at different moments based on position coordinates of a ground radiation source;
s2, acquiring signal power sampling of the ground radiation source by the satellite at a plurality of points of a space orbit based on the radial distance between the satellite and the radiation source;
s3, acquiring average emission power of a radiation source based on signal power sampling;
s4, acquiring the power density around the radiation source by using the average emission power of the radiation source based on the electromagnetic wave prediction model of the mobile communication base station;
and S5, synthesizing the related data to obtain a space-based radio frequency map.
In this embodiment, the position coordinates of the ground radiation source are obtained in various manners, a single-satellite doppler frequency difference resolving passive positioning model is used for obtaining the position coordinates, rough position coordinates are obtained through the manner, and the positioning error is in the order of hundreds of meters.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, step S1 is specifically to obtain radial distances R between the satellite and the radiation source at different times according to the position coordinates of the ground radiation source and by combining a precise ephemeris provided by the ground measurement and control station i The calculation formula is as follows,
Figure GDA0003929938250000051
wherein, (x, y, z) is the position coordinate of the ground radiation source; (X) i ,Y i ,Z i ) And the precise ephemeris is provided for a ground measurement and control station.
After obtaining the radial distances between the satellite and the radiation source at different times, the satellite receives a signal strength S at a spatial position (Xi, yi, zi) i That is, it can be obtained by the following formula,
Figure GDA0003929938250000052
in this embodiment, in step S3, the satellite samples the signal power of the ground radiation source at several points in the space orbit as,
Figure GDA0003929938250000053
Figure GDA0003929938250000054
……
wherein, P i Signal power of a ground radiation source at a space orbit point i for a satellite; p tr The emission power of a ground radiation source; g i For satellite position (X) i ,Y i ,Z i ) When in use, the ground radiation source gains the equivalent antenna gain in the line-of-sight direction of the central axis of the satellite antenna main lobe (G is the angle between the ground radiation source antenna and the central axis of the satellite antenna main lobe changes with time due to the movement of the satellite, so that the G is the equivalent antenna gain i Also time-varying and related to satellite position); in the same way, L i For satellite position (X) i ,Y i ,Z i ) The equivalent attenuation value of the signal space propagation from the terrestrial radiation source to the satellite, which is related to the atmosphere, the spatial environment parameters and the satellite position.
In this embodiment, step S4 specifically includes the following contents,
s41, carrying out on-site measurement on emission power of a certain ground radiation source to obtain P tr The signal power of the ground radiation source is sampled P at a plurality of points in the space orbit based on the satellite i Calculating the satellite apparent distance as R i Time-of-flight ground radiation source parameters
Figure GDA0003929938250000055
The method comprises the steps that ground calibration is carried out on different radiation sources under different environments, and a radiation source calibration prior database is constructed; searching a database for matching radiation source parameters according to the type of radiation source
Figure GDA0003929938250000056
That is, G i And L i May be obtained by means of ground calibration by a variety of ground-based typical radiation sources. Specifically, the transmitting power of a mobile phone base station in a certain place is measured on the spot to obtain P tr And then based on the satellite space multi-point observed value P i The satellite sight distance is calculated as R i The antenna specific parameters (antenna type, orientation, gain, polarization mode, frequency range, lobe width, standing-wave ratio, etc.) of the ground radiation source
Figure GDA0003929938250000061
A radiation source calibration prior database can be constructed by performing ground calibration on different radiation sources (base stations, radio stations, radars, jammers and the like) in different environments such as cities, suburbs, mountainous areas, forests, hills and the like. In practical application, the database can be searched for matched radiation source parameters according to the radiation source type
Figure GDA0003929938250000062
Substituted into corresponding formula to obtain
Figure GDA0003929938250000063
I.e. the type of radiation source detected by other means and the characteristics of the surrounding environment, and the prior data are calibrated at the radiation sourceRetrieving relevant in the library
Figure GDA0003929938250000064
And thereby an accurate estimate of the average emitted power of the radiation source is achieved.
S42, carrying out fusion processing on the radiation source receiving signal power samples of N points on the satellite orbit, and combining radiation source parameters
Figure GDA0003929938250000065
The average emission power of the ground radiation source can be obtained.
There are many ways of the fusion processing in step S42, including but not limited to kalman filtering, least square method, average fusion, etc., and the fusion processing is specifically performed in step S42 by using an average fusion method, so as to obtain the average emission power of the ground radiation source. The specific operation process is to use the parameters of the radiation source
Figure GDA0003929938250000066
Substituting into the following formula to obtain the average emission power of the radiation source
Figure GDA0003929938250000067
Figure GDA0003929938250000068
Where N is the total number of spatial sampling points, i =1,2,3, …, N.
In this embodiment, step S5 is specifically to obtain the power density around the radiation source when only the electromagnetic radiation intensity of the axial straight line of the main lobe of the antenna is considered based on the electromagnetic wave prediction model of the mobile communication base station in the standard HJ/T10.2-1996 "radiation environment protection management guide — electromagnetic radiation monitoring instrument and method";
Figure GDA0003929938250000069
wherein, P d Is the power density at the periphery of the radiation source；G tr Gain for the radiation source antenna; l is wireless propagation loss and can be obtained by combining GIS environmental information and signal parameter characteristics of a sensing area according to Okumura-Hata, COST231 Walfisch-Ikegami, keenan-Motley and other models; and r is the distance between the ground radiation source and the measured point.
And finally acquiring the space-based radio frequency map by combining all the related parameters acquired in the process.
Example two
In this embodiment, taking a scene around the base of the opposite party as an example, feasibility of a method for acquiring a Radio Map (RM) is simulated and analyzed.
As shown in fig. 4, the map around the base is measured by a GIS scale, and the map accuracy is estimated to be 28.76m (pixel interval). Due to the lack of actual data, radiation sources exist in the opposite base and surrounding cities and villages, and the positions of the radiation sources are obtained by a one-satellite Doppler frequency difference passive positioning technology.
Based on the estimation of the average emission power of the radiation source by single-satellite on-orbit multipoint sampling, the electromagnetic radiation power density (unit dBm) of the radiation source and the periphery thereof is calculated by using an electromagnetic wave prediction model and peripheral GIS information in the standard HJ/T10.2-1996, as shown in FIG. 5: finally, a space-based radio frequency map (RM) based on single-satellite doppler frequency difference passive positioning is obtained, and the effect is shown in fig. 6.
The RM information can be combined with information such as time, frequency, space, signal type and the like to be synthesized into a dynamic radio frequency map.
By adopting the technical scheme disclosed by the invention, the following beneficial effects are obtained:
the invention provides a method for acquiring a space-based radio frequency map, which is wide in coverage range. The obtained space-based radio frequency map has long working duration. The radiation source is overlooked from the zenith, the signal is a direct wave signal, and scattering and multipath effects caused by terrain environment and the like are averaged, so that the space-based radio frequency map is uniformly perceived. The obtained space-based radio frequency map has strong concealment performance and can be transmitted to any safe place through a satellite-to-ground or inter-satellite link. The acquired space-based radio frequency map is good in safety.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and such modifications and improvements should also be considered within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (2)

1. A method for obtaining space-based radio frequency map is characterized in that: comprises the following steps of (a) carrying out,
s1, acquiring radial distances between a satellite and a ground radiation source at different moments based on position coordinates of the ground radiation source;
s2, acquiring signal power samples of the ground radiation source at a plurality of points of a space orbit by the satellite based on the radial distance between the satellite and the ground radiation source;
s3, acquiring the average emission power of a ground radiation source based on signal power sampling; in step S3, the satellite samples the signal power of the ground radiation source at a plurality of points of the space orbit into,
Figure FDA0003884359680000011
wherein, P i Signal power to a ground radiation source at a spatial orbit point i for a satellite; p tr The emission power of a ground radiation source; g i For satellite position (X) i ,Y i ,Z i ) When the satellite antenna is in use, the ground radiation source gains the equivalent antenna in the direction of the line-of-sight distance of the central axis of the satellite antenna main lobe; l is i For satellite position (X) i ,Y i ,Z i ) Equivalent attenuation values of signal space propagation from the ground radiation source to the satellite while in use; r is i The radial distance between the satellite at a space orbit point i and a ground radiation source, namely the satellite sight distance;
s4, acquiring the power density around the radiation source by using the average emission power of the radiation source based on the electromagnetic wave prediction model of the mobile communication base station; the step S4 specifically includes the following contents,
s41, emission power of a ground radiation sourcePerforming in-field measurement to obtain P tr The signal power of the ground radiation source is sampled P at a plurality of points in the space orbit based on the satellite i Calculating the satellite apparent distance as R i Time-of-flight ground radiation source parameters
Figure FDA0003884359680000012
The method comprises the steps that ground calibration is carried out on different ground radiation sources under different environments, and a ground radiation source calibration prior database is built; searching the database for matching ground radiation source parameters according to the type of the ground radiation source
Figure FDA0003884359680000013
S42, fusion processing is carried out on the ground radiation source signal power samples of N points of the satellite on the space orbit, and the ground radiation source parameters are combined
Figure FDA0003884359680000014
The average emitting power of the ground radiation source can be obtained;
step S42, the average emitting power of the ground radiation source is obtained in an average fusion mode, specifically, the ground radiation source parameters are used
Figure FDA0003884359680000015
Substituting into the following formula to obtain the average emission power of the ground radiation source
Figure FDA0003884359680000016
Figure FDA0003884359680000021
Wherein, N is the total number of the spatial sampling points, i =1,2,3, …, N;
and S5, integrating the obtained average emission power of the ground radiation source, obtaining the power density around the ground radiation source based on an electromagnetic wave prediction model of a mobile communication base station, and further obtaining a space-based radio frequency map.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises: step 5, specifically, based on an electromagnetic wave prediction model of a mobile communication base station, when only the axial linear electromagnetic radiation intensity of an antenna main lobe is considered, the peripheral power density of a ground radiation source is obtained;
Figure FDA0003884359680000022
wherein, P d Is the power density around the ground radiation source; g tr Gain for a ground radiation source antenna; l is the radio propagation loss; and r is the distance between the ground radiation source and the measured point.
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