CN114674207A - Bottom surface flatness measuring device and method for flat-bottom blind hole - Google Patents
Bottom surface flatness measuring device and method for flat-bottom blind hole Download PDFInfo
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- CN114674207A CN114674207A CN202210460266.9A CN202210460266A CN114674207A CN 114674207 A CN114674207 A CN 114674207A CN 202210460266 A CN202210460266 A CN 202210460266A CN 114674207 A CN114674207 A CN 114674207A
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- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000013013 elastic material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910001315 Tool steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000617 Mangalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B5/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques
- G01B5/28—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques for measuring roughness or irregularity of surfaces
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device and a method for measuring the bottom surface flatness of a flat-bottom blind hole, and belongs to the field of blind hole measurement. The device comprises a measuring needle, a positioning slide block and a needle tip; the gauge needle is of a cylindrical structure and is made of rigid materials; the positioning sliding block is slidably mounted on the measuring needle, the needle point is located at the bottom of the measuring needle, and the problem that the flatness of the existing flat-bottom blind hole with the aperture smaller than 2mm and the depth-diameter ratio larger than 10 is very difficult to measure is solved. The method adopts the device, and can accurately measure the bottom surface planeness of the tiny flat-bottom blind hole with larger depth-diameter ratio.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of blind hole measurement, and particularly relates to a device and a method for measuring the bottom surface flatness of a flat-bottom blind hole.
Background
The blind holes are through holes connecting the surface layer and the inner layer without penetrating through the whole board. In production and processing, various blind hole parts are common. The precision of blind holes of blind hole parts required in some production equipment and processes has higher requirements, and at present, the geometric quantity of the measured blind holes mainly comprises the depth of the blind holes and the inner diameter of the blind holes. However, in some special devices, there is a high requirement for the flatness of the bottom surface of the blind hole type part.
At present, the bottom surface planeness of a flat-bottom blind hole is generally measured by adopting a molding duplication method, a plastic material is poured into the blind hole to fill the blind hole during measurement, the duplication in the hole is taken out after the material is solidified and molded, and the bottom surface planeness of the flat-bottom blind hole is determined by measuring the bottom surface planeness of the duplication. However, for a flat-bottom blind hole with a hole diameter smaller than 2mm and a depth-diameter ratio larger than 10, the quality of a replica is difficult to ensure during injection molding, and the situation that the flatness of the bottom surface of the replica is inconsistent with that of the blind hole due to insufficient fit between the replica and the bottom surface of the blind hole easily occurs. Meanwhile, the replica is very difficult to take out from the hole, and the surface of the replica is often damaged in the taking-out process, so that the replica is difficult to completely reflect the characteristics of the flatness of the flat-bottom blind hole, and the flatness measurement of the flat-bottom blind hole with the hole diameter smaller than 2mm and the depth-diameter ratio larger than 10 is very difficult.
In the prior art, flatness measuring methods such as laser and optical fiber measuring methods also exist, however, in practical use, it is found that the measuring method is more accurate for the measurement result of the aperture and the aperture depth, but for a tiny flat-bottom blind hole with the depth-to-diameter ratio larger than 10, the laser and the optical fiber are difficult to completely irradiate to the bottom of the blind hole, and the measurement result is not accurate enough. The rest planeness measuring devices on the market are difficult to be applied to the measurement of the bottom surface planeness of the flat-bottom blind hole with the aperture smaller than 2mm and the depth-diameter ratio larger than 10.
If the Chinese patent application number is: CN201610369045.5, published date: patent document 2016, 8, month and 10 discloses a flatness measuring tool, which comprises a plane bottom plate, two vertical columns, a cross rod, a sliding block and a dial indicator, wherein the two vertical columns are vertically arranged on the plane bottom plate and are respectively positioned at two side ends of the plane bottom plate; the dial indicator comprises a meter body and a measuring rod which are sequentially connected, the back surface of the meter body is connected with a sliding block, and a measuring head at the tail end of the measuring rod points to the plane bottom plate and keeps a workpiece gap for placing a to-be-measured piece with the plane bottom plate.
Also, for example, the Chinese patent application number is: CN202011037773.9, published date: patent document 12/25/2020 discloses a casing flatness measuring device, which comprises a detection table, the center of the detection table top is provided with a rotating table, a casing is arranged on the rotating table, the center of the left side of the detection table top is fixedly provided with a supporting frame, the top of the support frame is connected with an electric lifting rod through an electric cross slide rail, the bottom end of the electric lifting rod is connected with a dial indicator through an adjusting component, the adjusting component comprises a mounting plate fixedly arranged at the bottom end of the electric lifting rod, a connecting column is rotatably arranged at the center of the mounting plate, limiting plates are fixedly arranged at the upper ends of the right side and the right side of the lower surface of the mounting plate, threaded holes are arranged on the side wall of the connecting column in a penetrating way, the bottom end of the connecting column is fixedly connected with the center of the top of the dial indicator, and the limiting plate is provided with a locking stud matched with the threaded hole in a penetrating manner.
Although the devices in the two schemes can measure the flatness of the surface of an object, the devices are not suitable for measuring the bottom surface flatness of the micro flat-bottom blind hole with the depth-diameter ratio larger than 10.
Disclosure of Invention
1. Problems to be solved
The invention provides a bottom surface flatness measuring device of a flat-bottom blind hole, which solves the problem that the flatness of the existing flat-bottom blind hole with the aperture smaller than 2mm and the depth-diameter ratio larger than 10 is very difficult to measure, can realize the measurement of the bottom surface flatness of a tiny flat-bottom blind hole with the depth-diameter ratio larger than 10, and has the advantages of simple structure and convenient preparation.
The invention also provides a bottom surface flatness measuring method of the flat-bottom blind hole, which can accurately measure the bottom surface flatness of the tiny flat-bottom blind hole with a larger depth-diameter ratio, is convenient and fast to operate, has lower requirements on workers, and is suitable for measuring the flat-bottom blind hole under various conditions.
2. Technical scheme
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions.
A bottom surface planeness measuring device of a flat-bottom blind hole comprises a measuring pin, a positioning slide block and a pin tip; the gauge needle is of a cylindrical structure and is made of rigid materials; the positioning slide block is slidably mounted on the measuring needle, and the needle point is located at the bottom of the measuring needle.
As a further improvement of the technical scheme, the positioning slide block is made of elastic materials, a round hole with the diameter smaller than that of the measuring needle is formed in the inner side of the positioning slide block, a notch is formed in the positioning slide block on one side of the round hole, and the positioning slide block is sleeved on the measuring needle.
As a further improvement of the technical scheme, the planeness of the lower end face of the positioning slide block is not more than 0.005mm, and the verticality of the lower end face of the positioning slide block and a generatrix of the gauge pin is not more than 0.01 mm.
A bottom surface flatness measuring method of a flat-bottom blind hole comprises the following steps:
first, prepare
Preparing a group of measuring devices, wherein the horizontal distance between the end part of the needle tip of each measuring device and the central point of the measuring needle is different;
second, measure
Controlling a gauge needle of the measuring device to extend into the blind hole, enabling the end part of the needle point to be in contact with the bottom surface of the blind hole, enabling the lower end surface of the positioning sliding block to be in contact with the upper end surface of the blind hole, then taking out the gauge needle, measuring and recording the height difference between the lower end surface of the positioning sliding block and the end part of the needle point; repeating the operation, measuring a plurality of points at the bottom of the blind hole and recording data;
third, calculate
And calculating the flatness of the bottom of the blind hole through the recorded data.
As a further improvement of the technical scheme, in the second step, before the gauge needle is inserted into the blind hole, the height difference between the lower end surface of the positioning slide block and the end part of the needle point is smaller than the depth of the blind hole.
As a further improvement of the technical solution, in the second step, the specific measurement process of the repeated operation is as follows: when the horizontal distance between the end part of the needle tip of one measuring device and the center of the cross section of the measuring needle is larger than 0, the measuring device which is respectively positioned at different rotation angles relative to the initial state is controlled to measure the height difference between the lower end surface of the positioning slide block and the end part of the needle tip and record data.
As a further improvement of the technical scheme, the diameter of the gauge pin is 0.05-0.1mm smaller than that of the blind hole.
As a further improvement of the technical scheme, the hardness of the gauge needle is greater than HV 350.
As a further improvement of the technical scheme, the gauge needle is made of any one or more of tool steel, manganese steel, ceramic and tungsten steel.
As a further improvement of the technical solution, in the second step, an image measuring instrument is used to measure the height difference.
3. Advantageous effects
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the bottom surface planeness measuring device for the flat-bottom blind hole solves the problem that the planeness of the existing flat-bottom blind hole with the aperture smaller than 2mm and the depth-diameter ratio larger than 10 is very difficult to measure, can measure the bottom surface planeness of the tiny flat-bottom blind hole with the depth-diameter ratio larger than 10, and particularly has the advantages of simple integral structure, low manufacturing cost and great convenience for construction and production;
(2) the bottom surface planeness measuring device of the flat-bottom blind hole is different from the traditional sliding connection structures such as sliding groove and sliding rail installation, the positioning sliding block directly made of elastic materials is sleeved on the measuring pins in an interference fit mode and is tightly attached to the measuring pins, when the height difference between the lower end face of the positioning sliding block and the tip end of each pin is measured, the positioning sliding block is not easy to loosen, and the measuring accuracy is effectively improved;
(3) according to the measuring method for the bottom surface flatness of the flat-bottomed blind hole, the measuring device is adopted, the bottom surface flatness of the tiny flat-bottomed blind hole with the larger depth-diameter ratio can be accurately measured, the measuring method is convenient and fast to operate, the requirement on workers is lower, and the measuring method is suitable for measuring the flat-bottomed blind hole under various conditions.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a positioning slider according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a view of the measuring device at a horizontal distance of 0 between the tip of the needle tip and the center of the cross-section of the gauge pin;
FIG. 3 is a view of the measuring device with the horizontal distance between the tip of the needle tip and the center of the cross-section of the gauge pin being the radius of the cross-section of the gauge pin;
FIG. 4 is a measuring device where the horizontal distance between the tip of the needle tip and the center of the cross-section of the gauge pin is the radius 1/2 of the cross-section of the gauge pin;
FIG. 5 is a graph of measurement point locations;
in the figure: 1. measuring a needle; 2. positioning the sliding block; 3. a needle tip; 4. a circular hole; 5. and (4) a notch.
Detailed Description
Exemplary embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below. Although these exemplary embodiments are described in sufficient detail to enable those skilled in the art to practice the invention, it should be understood that other embodiments may be realized and that various changes to the invention may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. The following more detailed description of the embodiments of the invention is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is presented for purposes of illustration only and not limitation to describe the features and characteristics of the invention, to set forth the best mode of carrying out the invention, and to sufficiently enable one skilled in the art to practice the invention. Accordingly, the scope of the invention is to be limited only by the following claims.
Examples
A bottom surface flatness measuring device of a flat-bottom blind hole is used for measuring the bottom surface flatness of the flat-bottom blind hole, is particularly suitable for flat-bottom blind holes with the aperture smaller than 2mm and the depth-diameter ratio larger than 10, and the flatness of which is difficult to measure by adopting conventional equipment and methods, and the specific structure of the flat-bottom blind hole is described in detail below.
As shown in fig. 1 to 4, the measuring device comprises a measuring needle 1, a positioning slide 2 and a needle tip 3. The gauge pin 1 is a cylindrical structure and is made of one or more rigid materials selected from tool steel, manganese steel, ceramic and tungsten steel, and the tool steel is adopted in the embodiment. The positioning sliding block 2 is made of elastic materials, the embodiment is rubber, a round hole 4 with the diameter smaller than that of the measuring needle 1 is formed in the inner side of the positioning sliding block, a gap 5 is formed in the positioning sliding block 2 on one side of the round hole 4, and the measuring needle 1 is sleeved with the positioning sliding block 2. The needle tip 3 is positioned at the bottom of the measuring needle 1, and the horizontal distance between the end part of the needle tip 3 and the center of the cross section of the measuring needle 1 is adjusted according to actual measurement requirements. When the measuring device is prepared, in order to ensure that the position of the end part of the needle point 3 which is used for contacting with the bottom of the blind hole is accurate, the needle point 3 and the measuring needle 1 need to be processed in an integrated forming mode.
Be different from sliding connection structure such as traditional spout slide rail installation, the location slider 2 that this embodiment directly adopted elastic material to prepare passes through interference fit suit on gauge needle 1, and with the gauge needle between 1 laminating closely, when measuring the difference in height between terminal surface and the 3 tip of needle point under the slider 2 of location, the difficult emergence of location slider 2 is not hard up, has improved measuring precision effectively.
In this embodiment, in order to ensure that the final measurement result is accurate, the flatness of the lower end surface of the positioning slider 2 is not greater than 0.005mm, and the verticality between the lower end surface and the bus of the gauge pin 1 is not greater than 0.01 mm.
The specific measurement method comprises the following steps:
first, prepare
A set of measuring devices is prepared such that the horizontal distance between the tip of the needle tip 3 and the center point of the gauge needle 2 is different for each measuring device. In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 2 to 4, a set of three measuring devices is used, wherein the horizontal distance between the end of the needle tip 3 of device I and the cross-sectional center of the gauge needle is 0, the horizontal distance between the end of the needle tip 3 of device II and the cross-sectional center of the gauge needle is the cross-sectional radius of the gauge needle, and the horizontal distance between the end of the needle tip 3 of device III and the cross-sectional center of the gauge needle is the cross-sectional radius 1/2 of the gauge needle.
In order to ensure the measurement accuracy, the diameter of the gauge needle 1 is 0.05-0.1mm smaller than that of the blind hole, the hardness is required to be greater than HV350, the gauge needle 1 is prevented from being bent to influence the measurement result, and the length of the gauge needle 1 is required to be greater than the depth of the blind hole.
Second, measure
As shown in fig. 5, first, the gauge needle 1 of the control device I is inserted into the blind hole, the end of the needle tip 3 is brought into contact with the bottom surface of the blind hole, the lower end surface of the positioning slider 2 is brought into contact with the upper end surface of the blind hole, then the gauge needle 1 is taken out, and the height difference between the lower end surface of the positioning slider 2 and the end of the needle tip 3 is measured and recorded, and the depth of the blind hole at point O is measured at this time.
Then, the control device II repeats the above operation and rotates 90 ° after measurement and data recording to measure again, and A, B, C and D points of blind hole depth are measured in sequence.
Finally, the control device III repeats the operation, rotates by 90 degrees after measurement and data recording, and measures the blind hole depth of E, F, G and H point in turn.
Third, calculate
And measuring each measuring point for multiple times, solving the range and the average depth of the depth of each measuring point, selecting measuring point data by a tabulating method, and calculating the flatness of the bottom of the blind hole.
1. It should be noted that, because this scheme adopts contact measurement, the size of measuring the power can lead to the different influence measuring result of the depth of impressing of needle point. However, with this method, in actual measurement, for the same material, when a limited number of points are extracted, the measurement force of the gauge needle 1 is derived from the weight of the gauge needle 1 and the measurement operation, resulting in limited deformation, and the measurement force of the gauge needle 1 is approximately the same for each time, so the influence of the measurement force on each point should be the same, and the flatness evaluation result is not influenced and can be ignored.
Some data of specific measurement are given below to further embody the method, and a total of five sets of measurement data are provided, each set measures five times for each measurement point, and O, A, B, C, D data calculation of five measurement points are selected, which is specifically shown in tables 1 to 5.
TABLE 1
TABLE 2
TABLE 3
TABLE 4
TABLE 5
In summary, the device and the method for measuring the bottom surface flatness of the flat-bottom blind hole in the embodiment solve the problem that the flatness of the existing flat-bottom blind hole with the aperture smaller than 2mm and the depth-diameter ratio larger than 10 is very difficult to measure, and can accurately measure the bottom surface flatness of the tiny flat-bottom blind hole with the larger depth-diameter ratio.
The examples described herein are merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and do not limit the spirit and scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements made to the technical solutions of the present invention by those skilled in the art without departing from the design concept of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a bottom surface flatness measuring device of flat bottom blind hole which characterized in that: comprises a measuring needle (1), a positioning slide block (2) and a needle point (3); the gauge needle (1) is of a cylindrical structure and is made of rigid materials; the positioning sliding block (2) is slidably mounted on the measuring needle (1), and the needle tip (3) is located at the bottom of the measuring needle (1).
2. The device for measuring the bottom surface flatness of a flat-bottomed blind hole according to claim 1, wherein: the positioning sliding block (2) is made of elastic materials, a round hole (4) with the diameter smaller than that of the measuring needle (1) is formed in the inner side of the positioning sliding block, a notch (5) is formed in the positioning sliding block (2) on one side of the round hole (4), and the measuring needle (1) is sleeved with the positioning sliding block (2).
3. The device for measuring the bottom surface flatness of a flat-bottomed blind hole according to claim 2, wherein: the planeness of the lower end face of the positioning sliding block (2) is not more than 0.005mm, and the verticality of the lower end face and a bus of the measuring needle (1) is not more than 0.01 mm.
4. A bottom surface flatness measuring method of a flat-bottom blind hole is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
first, prepare
Preparing a set of measuring devices according to any one of claims 1 to 3, each measuring device having a tip (3) with a different horizontal distance from the centre point of the measuring needle (2);
second, measure
Controlling a gauge needle (1) of the measuring device to extend into the blind hole, enabling the end part of the needle point (3) to be in contact with the bottom surface of the blind hole, enabling the lower end surface of the positioning sliding block (2) to be in contact with the upper end surface of the blind hole, then taking out the gauge needle (1), measuring and recording the height difference between the lower end surface of the positioning sliding block (2) and the end part of the needle point (3); repeating the operation, measuring a plurality of points at the bottom of the blind hole and recording data;
third, calculate
And calculating the flatness of the bottom of the blind hole through the recorded data.
5. The method for measuring the bottom surface flatness of a flat-bottomed blind hole according to claim 4, wherein: in the second step, before the gauge needle (1) is inserted into the blind hole, the height difference between the lower end surface of the positioning slide block (2) and the end part of the needle point (3) is smaller than the depth of the blind hole.
6. The method for measuring the bottom surface flatness of a flat-bottomed blind hole according to claim 5, wherein: in the second step, the specific measurement process of the repeated operation is as follows: when the horizontal distance between the end part of the needle tip (3) of a measuring device and the center of the cross section of the measuring needle (1) is larger than 0, the measuring device which is respectively positioned at different rotation angles relative to the initial state is controlled to measure the height difference between the lower end surface of the positioning slide block (2) and the end part of the needle tip (3) and record data.
7. The method for measuring the bottom surface flatness of a flat-bottomed blind hole according to any one of claims 4 to 6, wherein: the diameter of the gauge needle (1) is 0.05-0.1mm smaller than that of the blind hole.
8. The method for measuring the bottom surface flatness of a flat-bottomed blind hole according to any one of claims 4 to 6, wherein: the hardness of the gauge pin (1) is greater than HV 350.
9. The method for measuring the bottom surface flatness of a flat-bottomed blind hole according to any one of claims 4 to 6, wherein: the gauge needle (1) is made of any one or more of tool steel, manganese steel, ceramic and tungsten steel.
10. The method for measuring the bottom surface flatness of a flat-bottomed blind hole according to any one of claims 4 to 6, wherein: and in the second step, the height difference is measured by adopting an image measuring instrument.
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