CN114674027B - Solar energy and low-temperature air source heat pump auxiliary type phase-change heat storage and supply system and method - Google Patents
Solar energy and low-temperature air source heat pump auxiliary type phase-change heat storage and supply system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114674027B CN114674027B CN202210340797.4A CN202210340797A CN114674027B CN 114674027 B CN114674027 B CN 114674027B CN 202210340797 A CN202210340797 A CN 202210340797A CN 114674027 B CN114674027 B CN 114674027B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D11/00—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses
- F24D11/02—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses using heat pumps
- F24D11/0214—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses using heat pumps water heating system
- F24D11/0221—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses using heat pumps water heating system combined with solar energy
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D19/00—Details
- F24D19/10—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
- F24D19/1006—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems
- F24D19/1009—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems for central heating
- F24D19/1045—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems for central heating the system uses a heat pump and solar energy
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of heat accumulation and heat supply, and particularly discloses an air source and solar auxiliary heat accumulation and heat supply system, which comprises the following components: the solar heat collector, the solar/air double-source heat pump unit, the heat storage water tank and the user side are communicated through pipelines; the solar heat collector is used for absorbing solar energy to heat the circulating medium; the solar/air double-source heat pump unit is used for exchanging heat in low-temperature air into the circulating medium in the heat storage water tank with the assistance of the connected heated circulating medium or exchanging heat in low-temperature air into the circulating medium in the heat storage water tank; the user side is used for heating a user by utilizing the heat of the circulating medium in the heat storage water tank; the device also comprises a circulation selection mechanism; the invention also discloses a corresponding heating method, which solves the technical problem that a single solar heating system cannot provide a stable and reliable heat source for the indoor space.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of heat accumulation and heat supply, and particularly relates to an air source and solar auxiliary heat accumulation and heat supply system and method.
Background
The traditional distributed heating system takes fossil fuel as a main energy supply mode, and has the problems of poor economy, environmental pollution and the like. On the other hand, the heating modes such as a heat pump, an air conditioner and the like have the problems that the operation cost is high, the pressure of the power grid in the peak period is increased and the like.
Solar energy is taken as renewable energy, has the remarkable advantages of environmental protection, energy conservation and economy, and has become the most potential energy source at present, and plateau areas have abundant solar energy resources to be utilized. And heating using only solar energy may result in an increase in days at which room temperature is not satisfied due to instability of solar energy. In addition, the solar heating system cannot supply heat for the indoor at night, and meanwhile, solar heating is also affected by weather, such as cloudy days, and the like, so that a single solar heating system cannot provide a stable and reliable heat source for the indoor.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an auxiliary phase-change heat storage and supply system of a solar energy and low-temperature air source heat pump, which maximally utilizes solar energy, is assisted with the air source heat pump as a second heat source, and adopts a reinforced heat exchange type convection-radiation combined phase-change heat storage floor at the end of a user to realize night heat supply so as to solve the technical problem that a single solar heating system cannot provide a stable and reliable heat source for indoor.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a solar energy and low temperature air source heat pump auxiliary type phase change heat storage heating system comprises:
the solar heat collector, the solar/air double-source heat pump unit, the heat storage water tank and the user side are communicated through pipelines;
the solar heat collector is used for absorbing solar energy to heat a circulating medium;
the solar/air double-source heat pump unit is used for exchanging heat in low-temperature air into the circulating medium in the heat storage water tank with the assistance of the connected heated circulating medium or exchanging heat in low-temperature air into the circulating medium in the heat storage water tank;
the user side is used for heating a user by utilizing heat of a circulating medium in the heat storage water tank;
the solar/air double-source heat pump unit also comprises a circulation selection mechanism which is used for selecting circulation of a circulation medium and starting and stopping the solar/air double-source heat pump unit according to the following strategies:
when the temperature of the circulating medium is higher than a first temperature threshold value, the circulating medium only circulates between the solar heat collector and the heat storage water tank through a pipeline, and the solar/air double-source heat pump unit does not work;
when the temperature of the circulating medium is lower than the first temperature threshold value but higher than the second temperature threshold value, the circulating medium circulates in parallel between the solar heat collector and the heat storage water tank, and the solar heat collector and the heat storage water tank solar/air double-source heat pump unit through pipelines, and the solar/air double-source heat pump unit works;
And when the temperature of the circulating medium is lower than the second temperature threshold value, the circulating medium stops circulating, and only the solar/air double-source heat pump unit works.
Further, the circulation selection mechanism comprises a first temperature sensor and a first electric three-way valve which are sequentially arranged on a pipeline at the water outlet end of the solar heat collector according to the water flow; the first electric three-way valve divides the pipeline into two paths, one path is communicated with the heat storage water tank, and the other path is communicated with the solar energy/air double-source heat pump unit;
the solar heat collector also comprises a first circulating water pump 9 arranged on a pipeline between the first electric three-way valve and the heat storage water tank, and a second electric three-way valve arranged on a pipeline from the solar energy/air double-source heat pump unit to the solar heat collector; the second electric three-way valve is simultaneously positioned on a pipeline from the heat storage water tank to the solar heat collector;
and the controller is used for realizing the opening and closing and switching of the circulation path of the circulation medium and the opening and closing of the solar/air double-source heat pump unit by opening and closing the corresponding circulating water pump and gating the corresponding electric three-way valve according to the temperature sensed by the first temperature sensor and according to the strategy.
Further, the first temperature threshold is 28-31 ℃, and the second temperature threshold is 25-28 ℃.
Furthermore, the user side comprises a phase-change material heat storage floor heating terminal device, and the terminal device is used for storing heat from a circulating medium in the heat storage water tank by utilizing the heat storage property of the phase-change material and supplying heat to a user through radiation and convection heat exchange.
Further, the phase change temperature of the phase change material in the phase change material heat storage floor heating terminal device is 27.99-30.99 ℃.
Further, the phase change material heat storage floor heating tail end device is floor-shaped and sequentially comprises a ground layer, a bearing structure layer, an air layer, a moisture-proof layer, a phase change material layer and a heat preservation layer from top to bottom;
heat exchange holes are formed in the ground layer and the bearing structure layer;
a ground coil is laid in the material-changing layer, and a deformation joint is arranged in the phase-changing material between two adjacent ground coils;
the ground coil is connected with the heat storage water tank.
Further, the phase change material of the phase change material layer is a microcapsule phase change material taking n-octadecane as a core material and titanium dioxide-polyurea as a wall material, the phase change temperature is 29.66 ℃, and the phase change latent heat is 181.1J/g.
Further, the evaporator in the solar energy/air double-source heat pump unit is a double-source evaporator and comprises a shell and an inner tube positioned in the shell;
The inner pipe can be used for allowing a circulating medium to pass through, the shell can be in contact with low-temperature air, and a refrigerant can pass through between the shell and the inner pipe; and the refrigerant can exchange heat with the circulating medium and the low-temperature air through the outer shell and the inner tube.
The invention also provides a solar energy and low-temperature air source heat pump auxiliary type phase-change heat storage and heat supply method which comprises the steps of,
absorbing solar energy with a solar collector to heat a circulating medium;
the solar energy/air double-source heat pump unit is utilized to exchange the heat in the low-temperature air into the circulating medium in the heat storage water tank with the assistance of the connected heated circulating medium, or only exchange the heat in the low-temperature air into the circulating medium in the heat storage water tank;
when the temperature of the circulating medium output by the solar heat collector is higher than a first temperature threshold value, the circulating medium only circulates between the solar heat collector and the heat storage water tank through a pipeline, and the solar/air double-source heat pump unit does not work;
when the temperature of the circulating medium output by the solar heat collector is lower than a first temperature threshold value but higher than a second temperature threshold value, the circulating medium circulates in parallel between the solar heat collector and the heat storage water tank and between the solar heat collector and the heat storage water tank through pipelines, and the solar/air double-source heat pump unit works;
When the temperature of the circulating medium output by the solar heat collector is lower than a second temperature threshold value, the circulating medium stops circulating, and only the solar/air double-source heat pump unit works;
the heat of the circulating medium in the heat storage water tank is utilized to heat a user through the user side, the heat of the circulating medium in the heat storage water tank is stored by utilizing the heat storage property of the phase change material arranged on one side of the floor of the user side, and the heat is supplied to the user through radiation and convection heat exchange.
Further, the method also comprises dividing the whole day into unfavorable time periods, proper time periods and favorable time periods;
the unfavorable time period is the time period in which the dry bulb temperature is the lowest in one day;
the beneficial period is the period of the day in which the dry ball temperature is highest;
the other period is a suitable period;
the solar heat collector and/or the solar/air double-source heat pump unit are/is utilized to collect heat in a favorable period, and the heat storage water tank and the phase change heat storage floor are utilized to store heat;
in the unfavorable period, heat is stored by the heat storage water tank and the phase change heat storage floor to supply heat for users.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
according to the invention, the current solar radiation intensity is judged by utilizing the temperature of the circulating medium output by the solar heat collector, and the working mode is switched, and when the solar radiation intensity is enough to meet the indoor heating requirement (the temperature of the output circulating medium is greater than a first threshold value), the solar heat collector is used for heating independently; when the temperature of the circulating medium can be heated to a certain temperature but is insufficient to meet the indoor heating requirement (when the temperature of the output circulating medium is smaller than the first threshold value and larger than the second threshold value) under the intensity of solar illumination, the solar energy/air double-source heat pump unit is coupled for heating; when the solar energy/air double-source heat pump unit only works as a low-temperature air source heat pump system and is used for heating independently, the system always uses a heat conversion mode with highest efficiency, and on the premise of guaranteeing user heating experience, renewable energy sources are used to the greatest extent, and consumption of self energy sources is reduced.
In the present invention, the use of phase change materials greatly increases the thermal inertia of the room. The heat is stored for 6-7 hours every day, the temperature of a room for 24 hours can meet the design requirement, the thermal inertia effect is obvious, and the heat supply requirement in the next day can be reduced.
The invention can store solar heat or air heat in favorable time (such as daytime) for heating in unfavorable time (such as nighttime), improves the utilization rate of renewable energy sources and saves the energy sources to the maximum extent.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a solar energy and low temperature air source heat pump assisted phase change heat storage heating system in an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is a front view of a solar collector in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a left side view of the solar collector of fig. 2.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a solar ray tracker device according to an embodiment of the present invention, in which (a) is a left view and a partial enlarged view thereof, (b) is a right view, and (c) is a right view.
Fig. 5 is a schematic longitudinal section structure of a convection-radiation combined phase-change heat storage floor in an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a working flow of a solar energy and low temperature air source heat pump assisted phase change heat storage heating system according to an embodiment of the invention.
Reference numerals in the drawings of the specification include: 1-solar collector, 2-first temperature sensor, 3-first electric three-way valve, 4-fan, 5-dual source evaporator, 6-first valve, 7-gas-liquid separator, 8-compressor, 9-first circulating water pump, 10-first check valve, 11-second valve, 12-air source heat pump heat exchanger, 13-reservoir, 14-filter, 15-thermal expansion valve, 16-second circulating water pump, 17-second temperature sensor, 18-heat storage tank, 19-third valve, 20-second check valve, 21-first electric valve, 22-second electric three-way valve, 23-fourth temperature sensor, 24-fourth valve, 25-third check valve, 26-first pressure sensor, 27-phase change material heat storage floor, 28-fan coil heat exchange end, 29-spiral pipe heater, 30-second pressure sensor, 31-third circulating water pump, 32-third pressure sensor, 33-fourth check valve, 34-fifth electric three-way valve, 35-second electric three-way valve. 36-corner insulation material; 37-heat exchange holes; 38, deformation joint; 39-a load-bearing structure; 40-ground layer; 41-air layer; 42-moisture barrier; 43-a phase change material layer; 44-an insulating layer; 45-ground coil; 46-ray tracing means; 47-a horizontal direction rotating shaft; 48-a solar heat collecting plate; 49-a balance bar; 50-a horizontal motor; 51-pitch motor; 52-horizontal transmission gear; 53-pitch drive gear; 54-semicircle type adjusting gears; 55-an optical filter; 56-photoresistors; 60-rocker arms; 61-a fixed arm; 62-pitch axis; 63-semi-circular base
Detailed Description
The following is a further description of embodiments of the invention, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:
as shown in fig. 1, a solar energy and low temperature air source heat pump auxiliary type phase change heat storage and supply system in this embodiment includes a solar heat collector 1, a solar energy/air double source heat pump unit, a heat storage water tank 18, a phase change material heat storage floor heating end device 27 and a fan coil convection heat exchange end device 28;
the solar energy/air source heat pump unit comprises a double-source evaporator 5, an air source heat pump heat exchanger 12 and a spiral tube heater 29
In addition, the system also comprises a connecting pipeline, a plurality of groups of circulating water pumps and a plurality of groups of valves;
the solar heat collector 1 is used for collecting solar energy to heat water, and a first temperature sensor 2 and a first electric three-way valve are arranged on a pipeline at the water outlet end of the solar heat collector in sequence of water flow; the first electric three-way valve pipeline is divided into two paths, one path is communicated with the heat storage water tank 18, and the first circulating water pump 9, the first check valve 10 and the second valve 11 are sequentially arranged on the path according to the water flow sequence; the other pipeline is connected to the double-source evaporator 5, so that hot water heated by the solar heat collector 1 can enter an inner pipe of the double-source evaporator 5, a fan 4 is arranged outside the outer surface of the double-source evaporator 5, the double-source evaporator 5 can circulate three mediums for heat exchange, namely, a refrigerant exchanges heat with solar hot water flowing through the inner pipe and air flowing through the outer surface simultaneously, then the refrigerant flowing out of the double-source evaporator 5 flows into the air source heat pump heat exchanger 12 through the pipeline, and a gas-liquid separator 7 and a compressor 8 are sequentially arranged on the pipeline according to the flowing direction of the refrigerant; the refrigerant having exchanged heat in the air source heat pump heat exchanger 12 is returned to the double source evaporator 5 through a pipe, and a receiver 13, a filter 14 and a thermal expansion valve 15 are sequentially provided on the pipe in the direction of the flow of the refrigerant.
When the hot water from the solar heat collector 1 is not introduced into the inner tube of the double-source evaporator 5, the solar/air double-source heat pump unit operates like a normal air source heat pump system; when hot water from the solar heat collector 1 is introduced, the hot water can promote the operation of the air source heat pump system, the effect of improving the heat exchange efficiency is achieved by improving the conversion temperature, and the working principle is well known to workers in the art and is not described herein.
The air source heat pump heat exchanger 12 is used for the first conversion of heat; immediately after the water in the thermal storage tank 18 is heated by the coil heater 29, the heat can be finally converted into the water in the thermal storage tank 18.
The fan coil convection heat exchange end device 28 and the phase change material heat storage floor heating end device 27 are user terminals in the system, and the fan coil convection heat exchange end device 28 is used for directly supplying heat to users in daytime; the phase change material heat storage floor heating end device 27 is used for absorbing heat in the daytime, supplying heat to a user through radiation and convection heat exchange at night, maintaining room temperature and reducing the heat supply requirement in the next day; as shown in fig. 1, the fan coil convection heat-exchange end device 28 and the phase-change material heat-storage floor heating end device 27 are in parallel connection, and after being heated in the heater located in the heat-storage water tank 18, the circulating medium (which may be water, air or other fluid circulating medium) in the corresponding pipeline is divided into two paths, and flows into the fan coil convection heat-exchange end device 28 and the phase-change material heat-storage floor heating end device 27 respectively, and after heat supply is completed, the two paths are converged into one path and return to the heater located in the heat-storage water tank 18, and a first pressure sensor 30, a first circulating water pump 31, a second pressure sensor 32, a check valve 33 and a second electric valve 35 are sequentially arranged on the pipeline between the converged position and the heat-storage water tank 18 according to the flowing direction.
A second check valve 20, a first electric valve 21 and a second electric three-way valve 22 are sequentially arranged on a pipeline from the heat storage water tank 18 to the solar heat collector 1, and a first valve 6 is arranged on a water return pipeline between the double-source evaporator 5 and the second electric three-way valve 22.
In addition, a water supplementing pipeline is further communicated with the heat storage water tank 18, and a fourth temperature sensor 23, a fourth valve 24, a third check valve 25 and a first pressure sensor 26 are sequentially arranged on the pipeline along the far direction.
In this system, the dual-source evaporator 5, the solar heat collector 1, the air source heat pump heat exchanger 12, the heat storage water tank 18, the phase-change material heat storage floor heating end device 27 and the fan coil convection heat exchange end device 28 are connected in parallel or in series through a valve, a circulating water pump and a connecting pipeline to form a heat supply and heat storage loop.
The system is provided with a plurality of groups of temperature sensors and controllers (for example, a controller 1 and a controller 2 in the figure) for controlling the opening and closing of the valves, the controllers are connected with electric actuators, and the electric actuators are respectively connected with the plurality of groups of valves.
The solar collector in this example employs a tracking self-regulating solar collector, one embodiment of which is shown in fig. 2 and 3. The tracking self-adjusting solar collector mainly comprises a solar heat collecting plate 48 and a ray tracking mechanism;
The ray tracing mechanism further comprises a ray tracing device 46 and a driving mechanism, wherein the driving mechanism comprises a rocker arm 60, a fixed arm 61, a horizontal rotating shaft 47, a balance rod 49, a horizontal motor 50, a horizontal transmission gear set 52, a pitching motor 51, a pitching rotating shaft 62, a pitching transmission gear set 53 and a semicircular adjusting gear 54.
As shown in fig. 2, the horizontal rotation shaft 47 is located below the solar heat collecting plate 48, the solar heat collecting plate 48 extends downward out of the connection portion, the horizontal rotation shaft 47 passes through the connection portion, and the horizontal rotation shaft 47, the connection portion and the lower rocker arm 60 form a pivot connection relationship. The balance rod 49 is used for stabilizing the solar heat collecting plate and transmitting power to adjust the horizontal angle of the solar heat collecting plate 48, and consists of a horizontal rod and two vertical rods, wherein one end of each of the two vertical rods is hinged to the end part of the horizontal rod, and the two ends of each of the horizontal rods are respectively hinged to one vertical rod; the ends of the two vertical rods, which are far away from the horizontal rods, are hinged with the connecting rods above the two vertical rods, which are fixed on the solar heat collecting plate 48. The rocker arm 60 is of a hollow structure, the horizontal motor 50 and the horizontal transmission gear set 52 are positioned in the rocker arm 60, the horizontal transmission gear set 52 comprises a first horizontal transmission gear, a second horizontal transmission gear, a third horizontal transmission gear and a horizontal gear shaft, the first horizontal transmission gear, the second horizontal transmission gear and the third horizontal transmission gear are all vertically arranged, two ends of the horizontal gear shaft are respectively fixed in gear holes of the first horizontal transmission gear and the second horizontal transmission gear, the third horizontal transmission gear is meshed with the second horizontal transmission gear, the third horizontal transmission gear is fixedly connected to the side wall of the midpoint part of the horizontal rod through a mandrel, the first horizontal transmission gear is a bevel gear, a driving gear is coaxially fixed on an output shaft of the horizontal motor 50 and is meshed with the first horizontal transmission gear, so that torque output by the horizontal motor 50 is exclusively transmitted to a balance rod 49 through the first horizontal transmission gear, the second horizontal transmission gear and the third horizontal transmission gear, the horizontal rod rotates around the mandrel along with the axial direction of the third horizontal transmission gear, and accordingly the solar heat collecting plate is driven to be horizontally adjusted, and a gap is reserved on the upper end of the rocker arm 60.
As shown in fig. 2, the fixed arm 61 is pivotally connected to the semicircular adjusting gear 54 via a pitch shaft 62, the rocker arm 60 is fixedly connected to the semicircular adjusting gear 54, and the pivotal direction of the pivotal connection is the pitch direction, which is orthogonal to the pivotal direction formed by the horizontal shaft 47, the connecting portion and the rocker arm 60, i.e., the horizontal direction. The fixed arm 61 is also of a hollow structure, the pitch motor 51 and the pitch transmission gear set 53 are arranged in the fixed arm, and the pitch motor 51 transmits power to the semicircular adjusting gear 54 through the pitch transmission gear set so as to perform pitch adjustment of the rocker arm 60, so that the pitch adjustment of the solar heat collecting plate is completed.
The ray tracing device 46 basically comprises nine ray tracing modules, wherein the ray tracing modules are configured as a cube box with a length, a width and a height of 20mm, four inner surfaces of the side surfaces and the inner surface of the lower side are blackened, reflection of light is reduced, the upper side is provided with a filter 55 for reducing brightness of the light, and the lower side is provided with a photoresistor 56 for carrying out ray tracing, so that the photoresistors can have obvious resistance difference in operation. The ray tracing modules are uniformly arranged along the outer contours of the two semicircular bases in a cross shape on a plane, in this embodiment, the photoresistors 56 at the central part (central 0 point position) are positioned at the normal line of the solar heat collecting plate and at the vertical intersection of the two semicircular bases, and one of the two semicircular bases is arranged along the rotation circumferential direction of the horizontal rotating shaft 47, so that the photoresistors 56 on the semicircular base are arranged along the direction of the horizontal adjustment of the solar heat collecting plate, and the other one is arranged along the rotation circumferential direction of the semicircular adjusting gear 54, so that the photoresistors 56 on the semicircular bases are arranged along the direction of the pitching adjustment of the solar heat collecting plate.
When sunlight irradiates the ray tracing device, the nine photoresistors 56 are irradiated by light rays with different intensities, the resistance value is changed, the strongest azimuth of the sunlight can be judged according to the photoresistors 56 corresponding to the minimum resistance value, and the normal line of the solar heat collecting plate 48 is adjusted to rotate towards the direction with the minimum resistance value through horizontal adjustment and pitching adjustment. And judging the nine photoresistors again after the adjustment is finished, and if the photoresistors at the central part are not the lowest resistance values, readjusting the normal line of the solar heat collecting plate to align to the new azimuth with the lowest resistance.
Fig. 5 is a construction diagram of a convection-radiation combined phase-change heat storage floor, which is a phase-change material heat storage floor heating end device used in the present embodiment, and includes, from top to bottom, a ground layer 40, a load-bearing structure layer 39, an air layer 41, a moisture-proof layer 42, a phase-change material layer 43, and a heat-insulating layer 44; the bearing structure layer 39 comprises a plurality of continuous bearing structures, the bearing structures are divided into horizontal parts and vertical parts, the upper surfaces of the horizontal parts are tightly attached below the ground layer, and the ground layer and the horizontal parts are provided with aligned heat exchange holes 35 in a one-to-one correspondence manner, and the aperture is 50nm; the vertical parts are arranged at intervals and extend downwards from the lower surface of the horizontal part, pass through the other layers below and are supported on the building structural layer. The ground coils 45 are laid in the material-changing layer, and deformation joints 38 are arranged between the phase-change materials which wrap the two adjacent ground coils respectively, so that space is reserved for volume change of the phase-change materials. The ground coil 45 is connected with a heat storage water tank of an external solar or air source heat pump heat supply system, and can provide heat for the phase change material layer 43 when sunlight is sufficient, and the phase change material layer 43 stores heat in a phase change mode; and the valve is closed at night, the phase change material layer is used for carrying out phase change heat release, the air layer and the heat exchange holes are used for enhancing heat exchange, and the temperature in a room is effectively improved. The bearing structure is made of high-heat-conductivity high-strength light titanium alloy material. The ground layer 40 is a cement ground layer. The phase change material is microcapsule phase change material of n-octadecane (core material) +titanium dioxide-polyurea (wall material), the phase change temperature is 29.66 ℃, and the phase change latent heat is 181.1J/g; and deformation joints are arranged in the phase change material between two adjacent ground coils. The phase change temperature of the microcapsule phase change material is 29.66 ℃, and the temperature of hot water supplied by solar energy or an air source heat pump is higher than the phase change temperature of the microcapsule phase change material, so that the microcapsule phase change material can store heat through phase change. The heat exchange holes with the aperture of 50nm are formed in the ground layer, when the phase change material releases heat, the heat exchange holes at the lower temperature are air inlet holes, the heat exchange holes at the higher temperature are heat exchange holes, the heat exchange holes circulate in an air layer, and convection heat dissipation is increased on the basis of radiation heat dissipation of the ground layer. The high-heat-conductivity high-strength light titanium alloy bearing structure is high in bearing capacity and good in heat-conductivity, the dampproof layer is used for avoiding moisture regain caused by water vapor passing, and the heat-insulating layer 44 is used for reducing heat release of the phase-change material to the direction of the building structural layer; finally, if the convection-radiation combined phase-change thermal storage floor of the present embodiment is positioned at the corners, the corner thermal insulation material 36 as described in the figure can be used to reduce the heat release from the phase-change material toward the wall.
The system in the embodiment can realize the solar energy and low-temperature air source heat pump auxiliary type phase change heat storage heat supply method, uses the solar energy/air double-source heat pump unit as a core component for coupling heat supply, and can transfer hot water or circulating medium which does not meet the heat supply requirement from the solar heat collector 1 into the air source heat pump system, thereby achieving the effect of improving the heat exchange efficiency by improving the conversion temperature.
The operation working conditions of the system comprise a heat storage working condition and a heat supply working condition; the operation modes of the system comprise three modes, namely a heat supply and heat storage mode of the solar heat collection system, a heat supply and heat storage mode of the air source heat pump system and a solar energy and air source heat pump coupling mode.
When the solar radiation intensity is high, the solar heat collection system is enough to meet the heating requirement of a room, so that the system works in a heat supply and heat storage mode of the solar heat collection system only; when the solar radiation intensity is low and the solar heat collection system is insufficient to meet the heating requirement of a room, the air source heat pump also needs to work simultaneously, so that the system works in a solar energy and air source heat pump coupling mode; if the sun is not shining in the cloudy day, the air source heat pump needs to work independently, and the system works in a heat supply and heat storage mode of the air source heat pump system only. In the solar energy and air source heat pump coupling mode, the double source evaporator 5 can circulate three mediums to exchange heat, so that the refrigerant can exchange heat with solar hot water of the inner tube and air on the outer surface at the same time, and the heat pump can exchange heat with air and a liquid heat source at the same time or independently, thereby realizing the T-level utilization of energy.
In addition, the following strategies are adopted in the operation of the system in the present embodiment:
strategy one: and the energy storage peak shifting and the terminal are cooperated.
Under the condition that solar energy and air source heat pump dual energy are complementary, the unfavorable period, the proper period and the favorable period of the operation of the system host are divided by combining the user demands.
The unfavorable time period is the time period with the lowest dry bulb temperature in one day, and is also the time period with the worst heating performance of the air source heat pump;
the beneficial time period is the time period with the highest dry bulb temperature in one day, and the time period with the best heating performance of the air source heat pump is also used at the moment;
the other period is a suitable period;
in the favorable period, because the external energy which can be directly collected is sufficient and even exceeds the heating requirement of indoor users, the system should be actively started and work under the heat storage working condition to store heat in advance, and meanwhile, the heat supply can be started according to the user setting.
In a proper period, the directly collected external energy can just meet the heating requirement of indoor users, even is slightly insufficient, so that the period adopts a passive starting strategy, does not actively perform heating, and starts heating according to the user setting; when the user does not start heating (for example, during certain periods of the daytime, no one is in the room, and direct heating does not need to be started), energy storage can be properly performed, and particularly, the phase change material can be preferentially utilized for energy storage.
During unfavorable periods, it is difficult for the system to collect energy from the outside (the period when the temperature of the ball is the lowest, often also the period when the intensity of solar radiation is low, such as at night), and users in the room can heat by utilizing the energy stored by the system during favorable periods.
Strategy II: thermal storage tank volume matching
The lower temperature limit of the thermal storage tank 18 is set to 30 deg.c depending on the phase transition temperature (29.66 deg.c) of the phase change material used for the thermal storage floor.
Considering heat dissipation loss, the power consumption is converted according to the host COP at the temperature of minus 9 ℃ on average, and the upper temperature limit of the heat storage water tank is set to 45 ℃, so that the heat storage water tank has better weather suitability and saves more energy.
Strategy III:
the system is operated in a high-energy-efficiency period by the host, and the heat storage water tank and the phase-change heat storage floor are used for storing energy to meet the heating requirement of a low-energy-efficiency period, so that the contradiction between supply and demand is regulated, and the matching of the system is optimized to realize the aims of reliable operation, high efficiency and energy saving.
The embodiment combines the three strategies, monitors time by time according to the flow and the temperature of the circulating medium in each pipeline of the heat source, the change of the outdoor weather parameter and the change of the indoor environment parameter time by time, the energy consumption of the accumulated system time by time and the temperature distribution and the change in the water tank time by time, and simultaneously automatically controls the switching of the heat source mode.
Then, as shown in fig. 6, the specific working procedure of the system is to firstly perform operation period judgment, determine the current operation strategy according to the beat result, and then use the temperature sensor arranged in the heat storage water tank 18 to sense the water temperature to start the working mode judgment, when the temperature of the hot water in the heat storage water tank is less than 40 ℃, according to the temperature of the hot water collected by the controllers 1 and 2, determine whether the first circulating water pump 9 and the second circulating water pump 16 are started (the air source heat pump unit is started or closed in a linkage manner), specifically including:
(1) when the outlet water temperature of the solar heat collector is greater than or equal to 30 ℃, only the first circulating water pump 9 is started, and the system works in a heat supply and heat storage mode of the solar heat collector system;
(2) when the outlet water temperature of the solar heat collector is greater than or equal to 27 ℃ and less than 30 ℃, the solar heat collector and the air source heat pump unit are operated in a combined mode, at the moment, the first circulating water pump 9 at the side of the solar heat collector and the second circulating water pump 16 at the side of the air source heat pump unit are both in an on state, and the system works in a solar energy and air source heat pump coupling mode.
(3) When the outlet water temperature of the solar heat collector is lower than 27 ℃, the first circulating water pump 9 at the side of the solar heat collector stops running, the second circulating water pump 16 at the side of the air source heat pump unit is in an on state, and the system works in a heat supply and heat storage mode of the air source heat pump system only.
As shown in the figure, in case that the temperature of the hot water in the thermal storage tank is not less than 40 ℃, the system starts the heating mode according to the customized heating temperature at the end of the user.
In addition, in order to ensure that the phase change material heat storage floor heating end device can store heat in advance in daytime, when the water outlet temperature of the phase change material heat storage floor is lower than the phase change temperature (approximately 30 ℃), the system starts the third circulation valve to store the phase change material heat, and similarly, as shown in fig. 6, the system also determines the working mode according to the water outlet temperature of the solar collector, and when the water outlet temperature of the solar collector is higher than the phase change temperature, the system can work in the heat supply and heat storage mode of the solar collector only, and because the phase change temperature is determined to be approximately 30 ℃, the judgment standard for determining the working mode is substantially the same as the above, and in fig. 6, for the sake of simpler expression, the condition that the controller 1 starts the compressor for stepless regulation is unified as that the temperature of the collector is lower than the phase change temperature.
As shown in fig. 6, the working process of the ray tracing solar heat collecting plate in this embodiment is as follows, when the sunlight irradiates onto the ray tracing device, the nine photoresistors 56 are irradiated by light rays with different intensities, the resistance value changes, the strongest azimuth of the sunlight can be judged according to the photoresistors corresponding to the minimum resistance value, and the normal line of the solar heat collecting plate is rotated to the direction with the minimum resistance value by adjusting the normal line of the solar heat collecting plate horizontally and adjusting the normal line of the solar heat collecting plate in a pitching manner.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 6, first, in judging whether the resistance of the photoresistor at the 0-point position in the center of the ray tracing solar heat collecting plate is minimum, if not, the adjustment in the horizontal direction is started, the photoresistor with the minimum resistance is rotated by a fixed value in the direction of the photoresistors arranged in the horizontal direction in the solar heat collecting plate, in this embodiment, 15 ° is adopted, the resistance of the photoresistors arranged in the horizontal direction is compared again after the adjustment is finished, and whether the resistance of the photoresistor at the 0-point position is minimum in the photoresistors arranged in the horizontal direction is judged, if not, the rotation is performed again. Stopping until the lowest resistance of the photoresistors arranged in the horizontal direction is the photoresistor at the central 0-point position or after ten times of cyclic adjustment. This is followed by an adjustment in the vertical direction, the process being the same as in the horizontal direction. Or may be adjusted in the vertical direction and then in the horizontal direction.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and not for limiting the same; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some or all of the technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a solar energy and low temperature air source heat pump auxiliary type phase change heat accumulation heating system which characterized in that includes: the solar heat collector, the solar/air double-source heat pump unit, the heat storage water tank and the user side are communicated through pipelines;
the solar heat collector is used for absorbing solar energy to heat a circulating medium;
the solar/air double-source heat pump unit is used for exchanging heat in low-temperature air into the circulating medium in the heat storage water tank under the assistance of the heated circulating medium when the heated circulating medium is connected from the solar heat collector; if the heated circulating medium is not connected from the solar heat collector, only exchanging the heat in the low-temperature air into the circulating medium in the heat storage water tank;
the solar/air double-source heat pump unit comprises a double-source evaporator, a fan, a gas-liquid separator, a compressor and an air source heat pump heat exchanger, wherein heated circulating medium connected from the solar heat collector enters an inner pipe of the double-source evaporator, the fan is arranged outside the outer surface of the double-source evaporator, the double-source evaporator can circulate three mediums to exchange heat, namely, refrigerant exchanges heat with solar hot water flowing through the inner pipe and air flowing through the outer surface at the same time, the refrigerant flowing out of the double-source evaporator flows into the air source heat pump heat exchanger through a pipeline, and the gas-liquid separator and the compressor are sequentially arranged on the pipeline according to the flowing direction of the refrigerant; the refrigerant which completes the heat exchange in the air source heat pump heat exchanger returns to the double source evaporator through the pipe; the user side is used for heating a user by utilizing heat of a circulating medium in the heat storage water tank;
The solar/air double-source heat pump unit also comprises a circulation selection mechanism which is used for selecting circulation of a circulation medium and starting and stopping the solar/air double-source heat pump unit according to the following strategies: when the temperature of the circulating medium is higher than a first temperature threshold value, the circulating medium only circulates between the solar heat collector and the heat storage water tank through a pipeline, and the solar/air double-source heat pump unit does not work;
when the temperature of the circulating medium is lower than the first temperature threshold value but higher than the second temperature threshold value, the circulating medium circulates in parallel between the solar heat collector and the heat storage water tank, and between the solar heat collector and the solar/air double-source heat pump unit through the pipeline, and the solar/air double-source heat pump unit works; when the temperature of the circulating medium is lower than a second temperature threshold value, the circulating medium stops circulating, and only the solar/air double-source heat pump unit works;
the solar heat collector adopts a tracking type self-adjusting solar heat collector and comprises a solar heat collecting plate and a ray tracking mechanism; the light ray tracing mechanism comprises a light ray tracing device and a driving mechanism, wherein the driving mechanism comprises a rocker arm, a fixed arm, a horizontal rotating shaft, a balance rod, a horizontal motor, a horizontal transmission gear set, a pitching motor, a pitching rotating shaft, a pitching transmission gear set and a semicircular regulating gear; the horizontal rotating shaft is positioned below the solar heat collecting plate, the solar heat collecting plate downwards extends out of the connecting part, the horizontal rotating shaft penetrates through the connecting part, and the horizontal rotating shaft, the connecting part and the rocker arm below form a pivot connection relation; the balance rod is used for stabilizing the solar heat collecting plate and transmitting power to adjust the horizontal angle of the solar heat collecting plate, and consists of a horizontal rod and two vertical rods, wherein one end of each vertical rod is hinged to the end part of the horizontal rod, and two ends of each horizontal rod are respectively hinged to one vertical rod; one end of each vertical rod far away from the horizontal rod is hinged with a connecting rod above the two vertical rods and fixed on the solar heat collecting plate; the rocker arm is of a hollow structure, the horizontal motor and the horizontal transmission gear set are positioned in the rocker arm, the horizontal transmission gear set comprises a first horizontal transmission gear, a second horizontal transmission gear, a third horizontal transmission gear and a horizontal gear shaft, the first horizontal transmission gear, the second horizontal transmission gear and the third horizontal transmission gear are all vertically arranged, two ends of the horizontal gear shaft are respectively fixed in gear holes of the first horizontal transmission gear and the second horizontal transmission gear, the third horizontal transmission gear is meshed with the second horizontal transmission gear, the third horizontal transmission gear is fixedly connected to the side wall of the midpoint part of the horizontal rod through a mandrel, the first horizontal transmission gear is a bevel gear, a driving gear is coaxially fixed on an output shaft of the horizontal motor and is meshed with the first horizontal transmission gear, so that torque output by the horizontal motor is transmitted to the horizontal rod of a balance rod through the first horizontal transmission gear, the horizontal gear shaft, the second horizontal transmission gear and the third horizontal transmission gear, the horizontal rod rotates around the mandrel along with the axial direction of the third transmission gear, and accordingly the solar energy collection is horizontally adjusted, a gap is reserved on the upper end of the rocker arm, and the gap is reserved on the space of the rocker arm; the fixed arm is pivotally connected with the semicircular regulating gear through a pitching pivot, the rocker arm is fixedly connected with the semicircular regulating gear, the pivoting direction of the pivotal connection is the pitching direction, and the pivoting direction formed by the horizontal pivot, the connecting part and the rocker arm is orthogonal to the horizontal direction; the fixed arm is also of a hollow structure, the pitching motor and the pitching transmission gear set are arranged in the hollow structure, and the pitching motor transmits power to the semicircular adjusting gear through the pitching transmission gear set so as to perform pitching adjustment of the rocker arm; the light ray tracing device comprises nine light ray tracing modules, wherein the light ray tracing modules are in a cube box with the length, the width and the height of 20mm, four inner surfaces of the side surfaces and the inner surface of the lower side are blackened, reflection of light rays is reduced, the upper side is a filter plate for reducing the brightness of the light rays, and a photoresistor is arranged on the lower side for light ray tracing, so that the photoresistor has obvious resistance difference in working; the light ray tracing module is uniformly arranged along the outer contours of the two semicircular bases in a cross shape on a plane, the photoresistor at the central part is positioned at the vertical intersection position of the two semicircular bases, and one of the two semicircular bases is circumferentially arranged along the rotation of the horizontal rotating shaft; the other is arranged along the rotation circumference of the semicircular regulating gear.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein the circulation selection mechanism comprises a first temperature sensor and a first electric three-way valve which are arranged on a pipeline of the water outlet end of the solar heat collector in sequence of water flow; the first electric three-way valve divides the pipeline into two paths, one path is communicated with the heat storage water tank, and the other path is communicated with the solar energy/air double-source heat pump unit; the solar heat collector comprises a solar heat collector, a heat storage water tank, a solar energy/air double-source heat pump unit, a first circulating water pump, a second circulating water pump and a second electric three-way valve, wherein the first circulating water pump is arranged on a pipeline between the first electric three-way valve and the heat storage water tank; the second electric three-way valve is simultaneously positioned on a pipeline from the heat storage water tank to the solar heat collector; and the controller is used for realizing the opening and closing and switching of the circulation path of the circulation medium and the opening and closing of the solar/air double-source heat pump unit by opening and closing the corresponding circulating water pump and gating the corresponding electric three-way valve according to the temperature sensed by the first temperature sensor and according to the strategy.
3. The system of claim 1, wherein the first temperature threshold is 28-31 ℃ and the second temperature threshold is 25-28 ℃.
4. The system of claim 1, wherein the user side comprises a phase change material thermal storage floor heating terminal device for storing heat from the circulating medium in the thermal storage tank by utilizing thermal storage properties of the phase change material and supplying heat to the user by radiation and convection.
5. The system of claim 4, wherein the phase change material in the phase change material thermal storage floor heating end unit has a phase change temperature of 27.99 ℃ to 30.99 ℃.
6. The system of claim 5, wherein the phase change material thermal storage floor heating end device is floor-shaped and comprises a ground layer, a bearing structure layer, an air layer, a moisture-proof layer, a phase change material layer and a heat preservation layer from top to bottom in sequence; heat exchange holes are formed in the ground layer and the bearing structure layer; a ground coil is laid in the material-changing layer, and a deformation joint is arranged in the phase-changing material between two adjacent ground coils; the ground coil is connected with the heat storage water tank.
7. The system of claim 5, wherein the phase change material of the phase change material layer is a microcapsule phase change material with n-octadecane as a core material and titanium dioxide-polyurea as a wall material, the phase change temperature is 29.66 ℃, and the phase change latent heat is 181.1J/g.
8. The system of claim 1, wherein the evaporator in the solar/air dual-source heat pump unit is a dual-source evaporator comprising a housing and an inner tube positioned within the housing; the inner pipe can be used for allowing a circulating medium to pass through, the shell can be in contact with low-temperature air, and a refrigerant can pass through between the shell and the inner pipe; and the refrigerant can exchange heat with the circulating medium and the low-temperature air through the outer shell and the inner tube.
9. A solar energy and low-temperature air source heat pump auxiliary phase-change heat storage and supply method is characterized by comprising the steps of absorbing solar energy by a solar heat collector to heat a circulating medium;
by utilizing the solar energy/air double-source heat pump unit, if a heated circulating medium is connected from the solar heat collector, heat in low-temperature air is exchanged into the circulating medium in the heat storage water tank with the assistance of the connected heated circulating medium, and if the heated circulating medium is not connected from the solar heat collector, only the heat in the low-temperature air is exchanged into the circulating medium in the heat storage water tank;
the solar energy/air double-source heat pump unit comprises a double-source evaporator, a fan, a gas-liquid separator, a compressor and an air source heat pump heat exchanger; the heated circulating medium connected from the solar heat collector enters an inner tube of a double-source evaporator, a fan is arranged outside the outer surface of the double-source evaporator, the double-source evaporator can circulate three mediums for heat exchange, namely, a refrigerant exchanges heat with solar hot water flowing through the inner tube and air flowing through the outer surface simultaneously, the refrigerant flowing out of the double-source evaporator flows into an air source heat pump heat exchanger through a pipeline, and a gas-liquid separator and a compressor are sequentially arranged on the pipeline according to the flowing direction of the refrigerant; the refrigerant which completes the heat exchange in the air source heat pump heat exchanger returns to the double source evaporator through the pipe;
When the temperature of the circulating medium output by the solar heat collector is higher than a first temperature threshold value, the circulating medium only circulates between the solar heat collector and the heat storage water tank through a pipeline, and the solar/air double-source heat pump unit does not work; when the temperature of the circulating medium output by the solar heat collector is lower than a first temperature threshold value but higher than a second temperature threshold value, the circulating medium circulates in parallel between the solar heat collector and the heat storage water tank, and between the solar heat collector and the solar/air double-source heat pump unit through a pipeline, and the solar/air double-source heat pump unit works;
when the temperature of the circulating medium output by the solar heat collector is lower than a second temperature threshold value, the circulating medium stops circulating, and only the solar/air double-source heat pump unit works;
the heat of the circulating medium in the heat storage water tank is utilized to heat a user through the user side, the heat of the circulating medium in the heat storage water tank is stored by utilizing the heat storage property of the phase change material arranged on one side of the floor of the user side, and the heat is supplied to the user through radiation and convection heat exchange;
the solar heat collector adopts a tracking type self-adjusting solar heat collector and comprises a solar heat collecting plate and a ray tracking mechanism; the light ray tracing mechanism comprises a light ray tracing device and a driving mechanism, wherein the driving mechanism comprises a rocker arm, a fixed arm, a horizontal rotating shaft, a balance rod, a horizontal motor, a horizontal transmission gear set, a pitching motor, a pitching rotating shaft, a pitching transmission gear set and a semicircular regulating gear; the horizontal rotating shaft is positioned below the solar heat collecting plate, the solar heat collecting plate downwards extends out of the connecting part, the horizontal rotating shaft penetrates through the connecting part, and the horizontal rotating shaft, the connecting part and the rocker arm below form a pivot connection relation; the balance rod is used for stabilizing the solar heat collecting plate and transmitting power to adjust the horizontal angle of the solar heat collecting plate, and consists of a horizontal rod and two vertical rods, wherein one end of each vertical rod is hinged to the end part of the horizontal rod, and two ends of each horizontal rod are respectively hinged to one vertical rod; one end of each vertical rod far away from the horizontal rod is hinged with a connecting rod above the two vertical rods and fixed on the solar heat collecting plate; the rocker arm is of a hollow structure, the horizontal motor and the horizontal transmission gear set are positioned in the rocker arm, the horizontal transmission gear set comprises a first horizontal transmission gear, a second horizontal transmission gear, a third horizontal transmission gear and a horizontal gear shaft, the first horizontal transmission gear, the second horizontal transmission gear and the third horizontal transmission gear are all vertically arranged, two ends of the horizontal gear shaft are respectively fixed in gear holes of the first horizontal transmission gear and the second horizontal transmission gear, the third horizontal transmission gear is meshed with the second horizontal transmission gear, the third horizontal transmission gear is fixedly connected to the side wall of the midpoint part of the horizontal rod through a mandrel, the first horizontal transmission gear is a bevel gear, a driving gear is coaxially fixed on an output shaft of the horizontal motor and is meshed with the first horizontal transmission gear, so that torque output by the horizontal motor is transmitted to the horizontal rod of a balance rod through the first horizontal transmission gear, the horizontal gear shaft, the second horizontal transmission gear and the third horizontal transmission gear, the horizontal rod rotates around the mandrel along with the axial direction of the third transmission gear, and accordingly the solar energy collection is horizontally adjusted, a gap is reserved on the upper end of the rocker arm, and the gap is reserved on the space of the rocker arm; the fixed arm is pivotally connected with the semicircular regulating gear through a pitching pivot, the rocker arm is fixedly connected with the semicircular regulating gear, the pivoting direction of the pivotal connection is the pitching direction, and the pivoting direction formed by the horizontal pivot, the connecting part and the rocker arm is orthogonal to the horizontal direction; the fixed arm is also of a hollow structure, the pitching motor and the pitching transmission gear set are arranged in the hollow structure, and the pitching motor transmits power to the semicircular adjusting gear through the pitching transmission gear set so as to perform pitching adjustment of the rocker arm; the light ray tracing device comprises nine light ray tracing modules, wherein the light ray tracing modules are in a cube box with the length, the width and the height of 20mm, four inner surfaces of the side surfaces and the inner surface of the lower side are blackened, reflection of light rays is reduced, the upper side is a filter plate for reducing the brightness of the light rays, and a photoresistor is arranged on the lower side for light ray tracing, so that the photoresistor has obvious resistance difference in working; the light ray tracing module is uniformly arranged along the outer contours of the two semicircular bases in a cross shape on a plane, the photoresistor at the central part is positioned at the vertical intersection position of the two semicircular bases, and one of the two semicircular bases is circumferentially arranged along the rotation of the horizontal rotating shaft; the other is arranged along the rotation circumference of the semicircular regulating gear.
10. The method of claim 9, further comprising dividing the whole day into an unfavorable period, a suitable period, and an favorable period;
the unfavorable time period is the time period in which the dry bulb temperature is the lowest in one day;
the beneficial period is the period of the day in which the dry ball temperature is highest; the other period is a suitable period;
the solar heat collector and/or the solar/air double-source heat pump unit are/is utilized to collect heat in a favorable period, and the heat storage water tank and the phase change heat storage floor are utilized to store heat; in the unfavorable period, heat is stored by the heat storage water tank and the phase change heat storage floor to supply heat for users.
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