Phosphorus removal agent and sewage phosphorus removal method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of sewage dephosphorization, in particular to a dephosphorization agent and a sewage dephosphorization method using the dephosphorization agent.
Background
The characteristics of rural domestic sewage in China are as follows: the water quantity is small, the discharge is dispersed, the water quality is complex, the regional difference of each rural area is large, the adopted technology must meet the actual operation and maintenance requirements, but the existing technology cannot completely solve the problem of rural domestic sewage treatment, and the sewage treatment facilities in most rural areas cannot be operated effectively for a long time.
If the phosphorus is removed by resin adsorption, the total phosphorus removal can reach more than 95 percent, and the inorganic phosphorus content in the water can be reduced to 0.02 ppm; the resin after the regeneration stage can still keep the original dephosphorization effect, and the defects are that: a. the resin material is required to be filtered before adsorption, the inlet water is required to be free of impurities, the impurities are mixed with the resin, the phosphorus removal effect is greatly affected, the polluted resin is difficult to clean, and the operation condition is severe; b. the flow rate of the resin adsorption process is controlled at 100mL/h, and the water inlet and outlet flow is kept at 4m for a terminal with daily treatment capacity of 100t3The terminal needs a large amount of resin materials, which are expensive and have high investment cost; c. the fields of the adsorption unit and the regeneration unit are required to be newly built, and a large amount of manpower and material resources are still required to be invested for transferring in the operation of the resin material, so that the method is only considered for emergency treatment and is not suitable for popularization and use in the terminal.
For example, membrane filtration for removing phosphorus, achieving an ideal effect requires ensuring two to three times of membrane area of a phosphorus removal tank, and the membrane is expensive in cost, which causes too high cost.
For example, when the chemical agent is used for flocculation dephosphorization in sewage treatment plants in various cities and towns, the dephosphorization efficiency is averagely over 60 percent, but the total phosphorus concentration of effluent is difficult to keep below 1mg/L, and the defects are as follows: a. the color of the effluent can be influenced when the adding amount of the chemicals is increased; b. if the pH value is sensitive and the dosage is too large, secondary pollution of phosphorus can be caused; c. the dosage of the medicament is closely related to the concentration of phosphorus, the quality of rural domestic sewage is greatly changed, and the dosage of the medicament cannot reach an ideal state; d. the amount of the generated excess sludge is huge, the daily operation and maintenance workload is increased by the medicament proportioning once a week, the medicament supplement, the sludge outward transportation and the like. Therefore, the dephosphorization by the chemical agent flocculation method is more suitable for a sound treatment mode of facilities of a town sewage treatment plant, is not suitable for a distributed rural sewage treatment mode, and is lack of a more perfect operation mechanism.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve at least one technical defect, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the application document discloses a phosphorus removing agent, wherein iron chips and calcium carbonate particles are mixed in a mass ratio of 1.5:1-3:1 to form the phosphorus removing agent.
According to the scheme, common scrap iron and calcium carbonate particles are compounded and mixed according to a limited mass ratio to form the phosphorus removal agent, the phosphorus removal agent is found to have good stability in experiments and distributed rural sewage treatment practices, the total phosphorus in effluent is kept about 1mg, the scrap iron can be obtained from factories and the like in a large range, the secondary utilization of waste is realized, the price of the calcium carbonate particles is low, and the total cost of phosphorus removal is greatly reduced.
The principle of the phosphorus removing agent is as follows: first, oxygen-absorbing corrosion and hydrogen-evolving corrosion of iron filings, Fe formed in reaction2+And Fe (OH)2Will be oxidized to form Fe3+Or Fe (OH)3And covers the surface of the scrap iron. For ferric ions, its form of presence is not only Fe (OH) alone3One kind of the medicine. Because of the trivalent hydrated ion Fe (H) it forms2O)6 3+Etc. have strong hydrolysis tendency, thereby initiating a series of hydrolysis reactions to generate mononuclear complexes Fe (OH)2+、Fe(H2O)2+、Fe(OH)30 and Fe (OH)4-Etc.; the mononuclear complexes are further combined through collision to form a series of polynuclear complexes Fe with different formsn(OH)m (3n-m)+(n > 1, m ═ 3 n). The iron-containing polynuclear complex often has more positive charges and larger surface area, can quickly and effectively reduce or eliminate zeta potential of colloid in water, enables the colloid to be condensed through the effects of electric neutralization, adsorption bridging and floc sweeping, and then removes phosphorus through precipitation separation.
Secondly, the addition of calcium carbonate, on the one hand, enables the OH generated by micro-electrolysis in the iron-Promote Ca2+And PO4 3-Formation of Ca5(PO4)3OH, thereby removing phosphorus from the water. In addition, the fact that the trace dissolution of calcium carbonate in water also plays a certain pH stabilizing role, so that the electrolytic reaction in the iron filings is slow, the violent dissolution of iron is reduced, the phosphorus removal stability is greatly improved by a mixing mode under the limited proportion in the scheme, the total phosphorus concentration of effluent is kept about 1mg for a long time, the standard saving (lower than 3mg/L) is met, the chromaticity of the effluent is good, the subsequent operation loss is extremely low, and the operation and maintenance are simple.
Further, the iron scraps are in an iron shaving shape, and the diameter of the calcium carbonate particles is as follows: 1-10mm, the iron plane pattern is helpful to increase the gap, further limit the particle diameter and reduce the blocking phenomenon.
Furthermore, the iron chips and the calcium carbonate particles are mixed in a mass ratio of 2:1 to form the phosphorus removal agent, and the phosphorus removal agent is preferably prepared in a mass ratio and has a good phosphorus removal effect.
The application document discloses a sewage dephosphorization method, which comprises the steps of mixing scrap iron and calcium carbonate particles in a mass ratio of 1.5:1-3:1 to form a dephosphorization agent, mixing the dephosphorization agent with sewage, or enabling the sewage to pass through a region filled with the dephosphorization agent.
For the use of the phosphorus removing agent, the phosphorus removing agent and the sewage can be directly mixed and stirred, but additional equipment is required to be added, so that the phosphorus removing cost is increased. The dephosphorization is preferably carried out in a standing mode, and the sewage only needs to flow through a dephosphorization agent filling area, and the mode is easy to implement, operate and maintain.
Further, the total phosphorus concentration of the sewage is less than or equal to 20mg/L, the sewage with the total phosphorus concentration is subjected to phosphorus removal by the phosphorus removal agent, the total phosphorus of the effluent is stably maintained below 1mg/L for a long time, and the stability is good.
Further, the interval sets up plate body one in the runner that sewage flowed through, plate body two, wherein there is the space between the top that plate body one is higher than the top of plate body two and the bottom of plate body one and the below runner wall, there is the runner wall below the bottom butt of plate body two, plate body one, the regional dephosphorization agent that sets up that plate body two separates the formation, in this scheme preferred fall by mistake arrange plate body one, the mode of plate body two, make sewage gush from plate body two overflow from plate body one bottom space, the formula of turning back flows the mode with abundant with plate body one, plate body two separates the regional dephosphorization agent contact of formation, need not to carry out operations such as aeration, stability promotes again.
Furthermore, the flow channel extends in a continuous S shape, is fully contacted and has stable dephosphorization.
Furthermore, the plate body I and the plate body II are vertically fixed in the flow channel.
Preferably, a filter plate is arranged in an area formed by partitioning the first plate body and the second plate body, a phosphorus removing agent is arranged above the filter plate, and a space enclosed between the filter plate and a runner wall below the filter plate is communicated with the gap at the bottom end of the first plate body.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the invention, common scrap iron and calcium carbonate particles are combined in a limited proportion, so that the phosphorus removal stability is greatly improved, the total phosphorus in effluent is kept at about 1mg/L, the phosphorus removal cost is low, and the maintenance is easy.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a dephosphorization tank from above;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the installation structure of a first plate body and a second plate body of the dephosphorization pool under the section A-A;
FIG. 3 is a graph of total phosphorus index trend in 2021 years from 10-12 months on the time week # 2 test point;
FIG. 4 is a scrap iron diagram;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a filter plate mounting arrangement;
wherein the reference numerals are:
1. a tank body; 2. a flow channel; 3. a first plate body; 4. a second plate body; 5. a filter plate; 6. a phosphorus removal agent; 7. a water outlet pool; 8. a cleaning tank; 9. A sedimentation tank; 10. a water outlet pipe; 11. a water inlet pipe; 12. a pipeline; 13. a void.
In FIG. 3: a. feeding water with total phosphorus; b. the total phosphorus concentration is 1 mg/L; c. and (4) discharging total phosphorus.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and specific examples.
The iron filings used in the following embodiment are waste materials from the production process in a workshop, and the iron shaving type is selected according to the standard of no rust or light rust degree. The particle range of the selected scrap iron is 1-3mm, and the coarse scrap iron has the advantages of difficult loss and difficult blockage as shown in figure 4.
The calcium carbonate particles are purchased directly from the market, the diameter range of the particles is 1-10mm, the solid particles are matched with coarse iron scraps and are not easy to cause blockage, hollow particles can be selected, and the like, and the calcium carbonate particles with the diameter of 5mm are selected in the following embodiment.
When in implementation, the phosphorus removing agent can be directly put into a sedimentation tank of a conventional domestic sewage treatment system, but the phosphorus removing agent has a complicated inner pipeline and a narrow space in a biochemical region, the phosphorus removing tank shown in figures 1 and 2 is selectively arranged at a water outlet region, a continuous S-shaped extending flow channel 2 is formed in a cavity of a tank body 1 of the phosphorus removing tank, plate bodies I and II are arranged in the flow channel at intervals, the plate bodies I and II are vertically arranged, the top end of the plate body I3 is higher than the top end of the plate body II 4, a gap 13 is formed between the bottom end of the plate body I1 and the flow channel wall below the plate body I for sewage to flow, two sides of the plate body I are correspondingly abutted against the flow channel walls at two sides, the bottom end of the plate body II is directly abutted against the flow channel wall below the plate body II in a seamless manner, a phosphorus removing agent 6 is filled in a region formed by the plate bodies I and II in a separated manner, preferably, the phosphorus removing agent is not higher than the top end of the plate body II, the plate body I and the plate body II are arranged in a staggered manner, the sewage flows upwards from the gap at the bottom end of the plate body to be fully contacted with the phosphorus removing agent in the area, then flows over from the top end of the plate body, flows out from the gap at the bottom end of the plate body after penetrating through the phosphorus removing agent, and is fully contacted with the phosphorus removing agent in the area formed by the partition of the plate body I and the plate body II in a turn-back type flowing mode, so that the sewage flows in an S shape in the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction, the operations such as aeration and the like are not needed, and the stability is improved again. For the inlet water at the head end position of the flow channel, for example, a water inlet pipe 11 is installed on the bottom wall or the side wall at the head end position of the flow channel, as shown in fig. 1 and 2.
In this embodiment, the first plate body and the second plate body are formed by direct pouring.
A cleaning pool 8 can also be arranged at the tail end of the dephosphorization pool, for example, the cleaning pool is formed by directly forming a cement tank on the tank and the ground. The cleaning pool is communicated with the flow channel, as shown in figure 1, the pipeline 12 is communicated, the on-off of the valve is controlled, water in the flow channel can be put into the cleaning pool to facilitate the cleaning of the iron filings, and the installation position of the pipeline 12 can be selected according to requirements, such as directly putting sewage which is not subjected to phosphorus removal treatment into the cleaning pool or putting sewage which is subjected to phosphorus removal treatment into the cleaning pool. The cleaning pool can also be used for culturing aquatic plants. In addition, a sedimentation tank 9 and a water outlet tank 7 can be formed in the dephosphorization tank body and at the tail end of the flow channel, sewage is discharged from the outside of a water outlet pipe 10 at the side wall or the bottom wall of the water outlet tank, the water outlet tank is communicated with the cleaning tank through a pipeline 12 to inject water into the tank, a cement tank can be directly formed or the sedimentation tank, the water outlet tank and the like can be formed in a way that a plate body I and a plate body II are separated, sludge flowing out along with sewage or a lost dephosphorization agent and the like can be conveniently arranged in the sedimentation tank, and the sewage accumulated in the water outlet tank 7 is conveniently discharged outside.
In order to facilitate the liquid circulation, a filter plate can be fixed in an area formed by dividing part or all of the first plate body and the second plate body, as shown in fig. 5, a phosphorus removing agent is arranged above the filter plate, a space enclosed between the filter plate and a runner wall below the filter plate is communicated with a gap at the bottom end of the first plate body, and a water inlet pipe 11 is communicated with the space enclosed between the filter plate and the runner wall below the filter plate. The distance between the filter plate and the bottom wall of the lower flow channel can be selected to be 10-15 cm. Under this structure, pending sewage gets into the space that filter and below runner wall enclose in, through the filter plate upwelling and the contact of dephosphorization agent, after two top of plate body overflow, again contact dephosphorization agent, through the filter plate downflow to plate body one bottom gap department, the whereabouts such as dephosphorization agent are avoided to the filter plate bearing structure, be favorable to the sewage circulation, pipeline 12 can select to enclose the space with between filter and the below runner wall and be linked together, under the filtration of filter, pipeline 12, inlet tube 11 are difficult for blockking up, also easily the water after the washing discharges and avoids iron fillings to flow simultaneously. For the length of the pipeline 12, the pipeline can extend into the area formed by the partition of part or all of the first plate body and the second plate body according to the requirement, and water inlet holes are formed in the pipeline 12 corresponding to each area. The conduit 12 is preferably mounted against the bottom wall of the flow channel to facilitate drainage.
In the following examples, the phosphorus removal of sewage is carried out by the phosphorus removal device shown in FIG. 5.
Example 1
The test point is located in Xijian village north of Simen town of Yuyao, Zhejiang province, the tail water after denitrification treatment by the A/O process is treated, iron filings and calcium carbonate particles are mixed according to the mass ratio of 2.5:1 to form a phosphorus removal agent, the phosphorus removal agent is filled in each area of a flow channel formed by a plate body I and a plate body II in a separating way, the required iron filings are 2.5t, the calcium carbonate is 1t, the treated water amount is 43t/d, and the volume of a tank body of the phosphorus removal device is 8.5m3And about 7.8m 1.2m 0.9m, the phosphorus removal agent layer is about 60 cm high, and the distance between the first plate body and the second plate body is about 1.5 m.
The sewage to be treated is treated by 1.5 to 1.8m3And (2) conveying the flow velocity to the bottom of the inner head end of the flow channel, flowing into a gap at the bottom end of the plate body, flowing through the phosphorus removing agent, then overflowing from the top end of the plate body, taking the sewage flowing out from the tail end of the flow channel for phosphorus detection, continuously running for 245 days, wherein the phosphorus removing agent is not stirred during the period, and the phosphorus content of the sewage at the end of the flow channel and the phosphorus content of the tail water in the regulating tank are detailed in a table 1.
TABLE 1
As can be seen from the table above, the phosphorus removing agent has long effect and stable phosphorus removal, and finally, the total phosphorus in the effluent is always below 3 mg.
Example 2
The test point is located in the Yangming street field village of Yuyao City in Zhejiang province, and the test point is operated from 10 months in 2021 to the present to treat the denitrification part of the A/O processMixing scrap iron and calcium carbonate particles in a mass ratio of 1.8:1 to form a phosphorus removal agent, filling the phosphorus removal agent in each area of a flow passage formed by partitioning a plate body I and a plate body II, wherein the required scrap iron is 7263 jin, the cost is 10386 yuan, the calcium carbonate is 4000 jin, the cost is 4600 yuan, and the volume of a phosphorus removal device pool body is 22m3The width is 4m, the length is 5m, the height is 1.1m, the phosphorus removing agent layer is about 60 cm, and the distance between the first plate body and the second plate body is about 1.5 m.
The sewage to be treated is treated by 4.6-5m3The flow velocity of the flow is conveyed to the bottom of the inner head end of the flow channel, the water flows into a gap at the bottom end of the plate body, flows through the phosphorus removing agent and then flows over the top end of the plate body, the sewage flowing out from the tail end of the flow channel is finally taken for phosphorus detection, and partial data of the phosphorus content of the sewage at the end of the flow channel and the phosphorus content of tail water in the regulating tank are detailed in a table 2 and a figure 3.
TABLE 2
Comparative example
According to the test point condition of Xie Jia Lu village, the phosphorus removal pond, the phosphorus removal agent, the tail water inflow are reduced to 1/10 of the embodiment 1 in equal proportion on one side, the tail water inflow flow rate is unchanged, and 3 pairs of proportions are set:
in the first group of comparative examples, iron filings which are reduced in the phosphorus removing agent in the embodiment 1 in equal proportion and have equal weight are added into an area partitioned by the plate body I and the plate body II;
calcium carbonate with equal weight after the phosphorus removing agent in the embodiment 1 is reduced in equal proportion is added into an area partitioned by a plate body I and a plate body II in a second group of comparative examples;
in the third group of comparative examples, the phosphorus removal mixture with the same weight is added into the area formed by the first plate body and the second plate body, the phosphorus removal agent in the embodiment 1 is reduced in equal proportion, and the phosphorus removal mixture is formed by mixing iron chips and calcium carbonate in a ratio of 1: 1.
The comparative examples are continuously operated, after the first group of comparative examples are continuously operated for 10 days, detection shows that the total phosphorus of the effluent at the early stage meets the provincial standard, but after 10 days, the iron scrap group is found to have the defects of large water quality change, the phosphorus concentration of the effluent far exceeding the provincial standard in most of time, long sewage retention time and the like, and the stability is poor.
The effect of the group where the calcium carbonate is located on phosphorus removal is very weak, and the phosphorus removal effect is hardly seen from the same retention time. The adding amount of iron scraps in the mixed group of calcium carbonate and iron scraps in the ratio of 1:1 is not enough, a large amount of calcium carbonate occupies more effective space, excessive calcium carbonate has no effect on phosphorus removal, the phosphorus removal effect is poor, and the phosphorus concentration of effluent is far higher than the provincial standard.
As can be seen from the above examples and comparative examples, the phosphorus removal agent formed by mixing iron filings and calcium carbonate particles in a limited proportion has excellent performance in domestic sewage treatment, long-acting property and good stability.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and all technical solutions belonging to the idea of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention. It should be noted that modifications and embellishments within the scope of the invention may occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the principle of the invention, and are considered to be within the scope of the invention.