CN114669744A - High-precision high-strength output gear and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents
High-precision high-strength output gear and manufacturing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 238000005255 carburizing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000004663 powder metallurgy Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
- B22F5/08—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product of toothed articles, e.g. gear wheels; of cam discs
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/02—Compacting only
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/10—Sintering only
- B22F3/1017—Multiple heating or additional steps
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/08—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing nickel
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/12—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing tungsten, tantalum, molybdenum, vanadium, or niobium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
- C23C8/08—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases only one element being applied
- C23C8/20—Carburising
- C23C8/22—Carburising of ferrous surfaces
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
- B22F2003/247—Removing material: carving, cleaning, grinding, hobbing, honing, lapping, polishing, milling, shaving, skiving, turning the surface
Abstract
The invention discloses a manufacturing method of a high-precision high-strength output gear, which comprises the following steps: preparing raw materials: 0.20-0.60% of C, 1.00-3.00% of Ni, 0.65-0.95% of Mo, 0.05-0.30% of Mn and the balance of Fe; refining powder: the granularity of the refined Mo, Ni, C and Mn is nano-scale, and the granularity of the Fe is micron-scale; mixing powder; pressing and forming; pre-sintering treatment; accurately shaping; sintering treatment; carburizing; and (6) polishing. The invention carries out new preparation on the raw materials, and ensures the structural strength of the gear; the gear manufactured by the method solves the cracking problem and has the characteristics of high density, high strength and high hardness.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an output gear, in particular to a high-precision high-strength output gear and a manufacturing method thereof.
Background
In the conventional gear manufacturing method, a tooth profile is formed by hobbing and a tooth surface after hobbing is ground to actively eliminate surface roughness caused by hobbing. However, since the tooth profiles are cut one by hobbing, the machining cost is consumed. Further, since the grinding of the tooth surface is performed by finish machining after the hobbing in order to eliminate the roughness of the tooth surface, the number of processes is increased only in this portion, and the manufacturing cost is increased.
Among them is powder metallurgy. However, when the existing powder metallurgy gear manufacturing method is used for pressing and forming powder, the compactness of powder pressing cannot be guaranteed, the strength of the gear is influenced after the powder is directly sintered, the product quality is poor, the subsequent treatment degree is poor, the surface quality of the gear is influenced, stable meshing is not facilitated, the use stability is reduced, and the production and the use are not facilitated.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to a method for manufacturing a high-precision high-strength output gear, which solves one or more of the problems of the prior art and provides at least one of the advantages of the present invention.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a manufacturing method of a high-precision high-strength output gear comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing raw materials: 0.20-0.60% of C, 1.00-3.00% of Ni, 0.65-0.95% of Mo, 0.05-0.30% of Mn and the balance of Fe.
S2, refining powder: carrying out granularity refinement on Mn, Mo, Ni, C and Fe materials, wherein the granularity of the refined Mo, Ni, C and Mn is nano-scale, and the granularity of the Fe is micron-scale;
S3, mixing powder: selecting raw materials of each component after the powder is refined according to the mass percentage in the step S1, and fully mixing the raw materials by using a mixer to obtain uniform mixed raw materials;
s4, press forming: filling the uniform mixed raw materials into a gear forming die on a powder metallurgy forming press, and pressing to obtain a press-formed gear;
s5, pre-sintering treatment: putting the press-formed gear into a sintering furnace, heating from normal temperature, keeping presintering for 10-15 minutes when the heating temperature reaches 700-800 ℃ of presintering treatment, and taking out from the sintering furnace to obtain a presintering gear;
s6, precise shaping: placing the pre-sintered gear into a gear precise shaping die on an extrusion shaping machine, extruding and shaping the pre-sintered gear by the extrusion shaping machine to obtain a precise shaping gear, wherein the density of the precise shaping gear is not less than 7.3g/cm3The tooth profile precision is ISO 9 grade;
s7, sintering treatment: putting the pressed and molded gear into a sintering furnace, keeping the sintering temperature in the sintering furnace at 1130-1140 ℃ for 22-28 minutes, and taking out the gear from the sintering furnace to obtain a sintered gear;
s8, carburizing: putting the sintered gear into a carburizing furnace for surface carburizing to obtain a carburized gear;
S9, polishing treatment: and polishing the carburized gear to obtain an output gear finished product, wherein the strength of the output gear finished product is not less than 60N M, and the hardness of the output gear finished product is not less than HRC 40.
Further, in step S1, C was 0.40%, Ni was 2.00%, Mo was 0.80%, Mn was 0.17%, and the balance was Fe.
Further, the impurity content in the Fe is 0.05-2%.
Further, in step S5, when the heating temperature reached 750 ℃ which is the temperature of the pre-sintering treatment, the gear was held for 5 minutes for pre-sintering and then taken out of the sintering furnace to obtain a pre-sintered gear.
Further, in step S7, the sintering temperature in the sintering furnace is 1130 ℃ and the holding time is 25 minutes.
Further, in the step S8, the carburizing temperature is 920-940 ℃, and the carburizing time is 40-50 minutes.
Further, in the step S8, the carburized depth is 0.5mm to 2.0 mm.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
in the manufacturing method of the output gear, the raw materials are newly prepared, so that the structural strength of the gear is ensured; due to the addition of the powder refining process and the application of the nano-grade material, the performance stability of the gear is greatly improved, and the cracking problem is effectively avoided; the pre-sintering treatment is carried out between the precise shaping procedures, so that the powder bonding compactness can be effectively improved; meanwhile, the temperature of each stage is accurately controlled in sintering, and the subsequent carburization treatment is carried out, so that the surface strength and hardness of the gear are greatly improved.
Drawings
The invention is further described with the aid of the accompanying drawings, in which the embodiments do not constitute any limitation, and for a person skilled in the art, without inventive effort, further drawings may be obtained in which:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention.
In order to make those skilled in the art better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the following detailed description of the present invention is made with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, and it is to be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments of the present application may be combined with each other without conflict.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper surface", "lower surface", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "forward", "reverse", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are used merely for convenience of description and simplification of the description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, a method for manufacturing a high-precision high-strength output gear includes the steps of:
s1, preparing raw materials: the mass percent of C is 0.20%, the mass percent of Ni is 1.00%, the mass percent of Mo is 0.65%, the mass percent of Mn is 0.05%, and the balance is Fe, wherein the impurity content in Fe is 0.05-2%.
S2, refining powder: carrying out granularity refinement on Mn, Mo, Ni, C and Fe materials, wherein the granularity of the refined Mo, Ni, C and Mn is nano-scale, and the granularity of the Fe is micron-scale; the Mo and Mn materials are pre-alloyed with the Fe material, wherein the Fisher particle size of the Ni material is 2.2-2.8 um, and the laser diffraction particle size of the C material is 9.1-13.1 um.
S3, mixing powder: selecting raw materials of each component after the powder is refined according to the mass percentage in the step S1, and fully mixing the raw materials by using a mixer to obtain uniform mixed raw materials;
s4, press forming: filling the uniform mixed raw materials into a gear forming die on a powder metallurgy forming press, and pressing to obtain a press-formed gear;
s5, pre-sintering treatment: putting the press-formed gear into a sintering furnace, heating from normal temperature, keeping presintering for 15 minutes when the heating temperature reaches 700 ℃ of presintering treatment, and taking out from the sintering furnace to obtain a presintering gear;
S6, precise shaping: placing the pre-sintered gear into a gear precise shaping die on an extrusion shaping machine, extruding and shaping the pre-sintered gear by the extrusion shaping machine to obtain a precise shaping gear, wherein the density of the precise shaping gear is not less than 7.3g/cm3The tooth profile precision is ISO 9 grade;
s7, sintering treatment: putting the pressed and molded gear into a sintering furnace, keeping the sintering temperature in the sintering furnace at 1135 ℃ for 28 minutes, and taking out the gear from the sintering furnace to obtain a sintered gear;
s8, carburizing: putting the sintered gear into a carburizing furnace for surface carburizing to obtain a carburized gear; the carburizing temperature is 920 ℃, the carburizing time is 50 minutes, and the carburizing depth is 0.5 mm-2.0 mm;
s9, polishing treatment: and polishing the carburized gear to obtain an output gear finished product, wherein the strength of the output gear finished product is not less than 60N M, and the hardness of the output gear finished product is not less than HRC 40.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 1, a method for manufacturing a high-precision high-strength output gear includes the steps of:
s1, preparing raw materials: 0.60% of C, 3.00% of Ni, 0.95% of Mo, 0.30% of Mn and the balance of Fe, wherein the impurity content in Fe is 0.05-2%.
S2, refining powder: carrying out granularity refinement on Mn, Mo, Ni, C and Fe materials, wherein the granularity of the refined Mo, Ni, C and Mn is nano-scale, and the granularity of the Fe is micron-scale;
s3, mixing powder: selecting raw materials of each component after the powder is refined according to the mass percentage in the step S1, and fully mixing the raw materials by using a mixer to obtain uniform mixed raw materials;
s4, press forming: filling the uniform mixed raw materials into a gear forming die on a powder metallurgy forming press, and pressing to obtain a press-formed gear;
s5, pre-sintering treatment: putting the press-formed gear into a sintering furnace, heating from normal temperature, keeping presintering for 10 minutes when the heating temperature reaches 800 ℃ of presintering treatment, and taking out from the sintering furnace to obtain a presintering gear;
s6, precise shaping: placing the pre-sintered gear into a gear precise shaping die on an extrusion shaping machine, extruding and shaping the pre-sintered gear by the extrusion shaping machine to obtain a precise shaping gear, wherein the density of the precise shaping gear is not less than 7.3g/cm3The tooth profile precision is ISO 9 grade;
s7, sintering treatment: putting the press-formed gear into a sintering furnace, keeping the sintering temperature in the sintering furnace at 1140 ℃ for 22 minutes, and taking out the gear from the sintering furnace to obtain a sintered gear;
S8, carburizing: placing the sintered gear into a carburizing furnace for surface carburizing to obtain a carburized gear; the carburizing temperature is 940 ℃, the carburizing time is 40 minutes, and the carburizing depth is 0.5 mm-2.0 mm;
s9, polishing treatment: and polishing the carburized gear to obtain an output gear finished product, wherein the strength of the output gear finished product is not less than 60N M, and the hardness of the output gear finished product is not less than HRC 40.
Example 3
As shown in fig. 1, a method for manufacturing a high-precision high-strength output gear includes the steps of:
s1, preparing raw materials: the mass percent of C is 0.40%, the mass percent of Ni is 2.00%, the mass percent of Mo is 0.80%, the mass percent of Mn is 0.17%, and the balance is Fe, wherein the impurity content in Fe is 0.05-2%.
S2, refining powder: carrying out granularity refinement on Mn, Mo, Ni, C and Fe materials, wherein the granularity of the refined Mo, Ni, C and Mn is nano-scale, and the granularity of the Fe is micron-scale;
s3, mixing powder: selecting raw materials of each component after the powder is refined according to the mass percentage in the step S1, and fully mixing the raw materials by using a mixer to obtain uniform mixed raw materials;
s4, press forming: filling the uniform mixed raw materials into a gear forming die on a powder metallurgy forming press, and pressing to obtain a press-formed gear;
S5, pre-sintering treatment: putting the press-formed gear into a sintering furnace, heating from normal temperature, keeping presintering for 12 minutes when the heating temperature reaches 750 ℃ of presintering treatment, and taking out from the sintering furnace to obtain a presintering gear;
s6, precise shaping: placing the pre-sintered gear into a gear precise shaping die on an extrusion shaping machine, extruding and shaping the pre-sintered gear by the extrusion shaping machine to obtain a precise shaping gear, wherein the density of the precise shaping gear is not less than 7.3g/cm3The tooth profile precision is ISO 9 grade;
s7, sintering treatment: putting the pressed and molded gear into a sintering furnace, keeping the sintering temperature in the sintering furnace at 1130 ℃ for 25 minutes, and taking out the gear from the sintering furnace to obtain a sintered gear;
s8, carburizing: putting the sintered gear into a carburizing furnace for surface carburizing to obtain a carburized gear; the carburizing temperature is 930 ℃, the carburizing time is 45 minutes, and the carburizing depth is 0.5 mm-2.0 mm;
s9, polishing treatment: and polishing the carburized gear to obtain an output gear finished product, wherein the strength of the output gear finished product is not less than 60N M, and the hardness of the output gear finished product is not less than HRC 40.
After the finished product is processed, the strength of the high-precision high-strength output gear is detected to be not less than 60N M, the hardness is detected to be not less than HRC40, and the density of the gear is detected to be not less than 7.3g/cm 3The tooth profile precision is ISO 10 grade, and the requirements of high precision and high strength are met.
Moreover, various embodiments or examples and features of various embodiments or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by one skilled in the art without being mutually inconsistent. Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it will be understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and not to be construed as limiting the present invention, and that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A manufacturing method of a high-precision high-strength output gear is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, preparing raw materials: 0.20-0.60% of C, 1.00-3.00% of Ni, 0.65-0.95% of Mo, 0.05-0.30% of Mn and the balance of Fe;
s2, refining powder: carrying out granularity refinement on Mn, Mo, Ni, C and Fe materials, wherein the granularity of the refined Mo, Ni, C and Mn is nano-scale, and the granularity of the Fe is micron-scale;
s3, mixing powder: selecting raw materials of each component after the powder is refined according to the mass percentage in the step S1, and fully mixing the raw materials by using a mixer to obtain uniform mixed raw materials;
S4, press forming: filling the uniform mixed raw materials into a gear forming die on a powder metallurgy forming press, and pressing to obtain a press-formed gear;
s5, pre-sintering treatment: putting the press-formed gear into a sintering furnace, heating from normal temperature, keeping presintering for 10-15 minutes when the heating temperature reaches 700-800 ℃ of presintering treatment, and taking out from the sintering furnace to obtain a presintering gear;
s6, precise shaping: placing the pre-sintered gear into a gear precise shaping die on an extrusion shaping machine, extruding and shaping the pre-sintered gear by the extrusion shaping machine to obtain a precise shaping gear, wherein the density of the precise shaping gear is not less than 7.3g/cm3The tooth profile precision is ISO 9 grade;
s7, sintering treatment: putting the pressed and molded gear into a sintering furnace, keeping the sintering temperature in the sintering furnace at 1130-1140 ℃ for 22-28 minutes, and taking out the gear from the sintering furnace to obtain a sintered gear;
s8, carburizing: putting the sintered gear into a carburizing furnace for surface carburizing to obtain a carburized gear;
s9, polishing treatment: and polishing the carburized gear to obtain an output gear finished product, wherein the strength of the output gear finished product is not less than 60N M, and the hardness of the output gear finished product is not less than HRC 40.
2. The manufacturing method of a high precision high strength output gear according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step S1, C is 0.40%, Ni is 2.00%, Mo is 0.80%, Mn is 0.17%, and the balance is Fe.
3. The manufacturing method of a high precision high strength output gear according to claim 2, characterized in that: the impurity content in the Fe is 0.05-2%.
4. The method of manufacturing a high-precision high-strength output gear according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step S5, when the heating temperature reaches 750 ℃ of the pre-sintering treatment, the pre-sintering is maintained for 5 minutes, and then the gear is taken out of the sintering furnace to obtain a pre-sintered gear.
5. The method of manufacturing a high-precision high-strength output gear according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step S7, the sintering temperature in the sintering furnace is 1135 ℃, and the holding time is 25 minutes.
6. The method of manufacturing a high-precision high-strength output gear according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step S8, the carburizing temperature is 920-940 ℃, and the carburizing time is 40-50 minutes.
7. The method of manufacturing a high-precision high-strength output gear according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step S8, the carburization depth is 0.5mm to 2.0 mm.
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| CN112264625A (en) * | 2020-10-26 | 2021-01-26 | 扬州海昌新材股份有限公司 | Preparation method of high-density gear |
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