CN114668787A - Black ginseng processing method - Google Patents
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- CN114668787A CN114668787A CN202210422928.3A CN202210422928A CN114668787A CN 114668787 A CN114668787 A CN 114668787A CN 202210422928 A CN202210422928 A CN 202210422928A CN 114668787 A CN114668787 A CN 114668787A
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- 241000208340 Araliaceae Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 78
- 235000008434 ginseng Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 78
- 235000005035 Panax pseudoginseng ssp. pseudoginseng Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 76
- 235000003140 Panax quinquefolius Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 76
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000010025 steaming Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 82
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 210000002615 epidermis Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- RWXIFXNRCLMQCD-JBVRGBGGSA-N (20S)-ginsenoside Rg3 Chemical compound O([C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1O[C@H]1CC[C@]2(C)[C@H]3C[C@@H](O)[C@H]4[C@@]([C@@]3(CC[C@H]2C1(C)C)C)(C)CC[C@@H]4[C@@](C)(O)CCC=C(C)C)[C@@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O RWXIFXNRCLMQCD-JBVRGBGGSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- XIRZPICFRDZXPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ginsenoside Rg3 Natural products CC(C)=CCCC(C)(O)C1CCC(C2(CC(O)C3C4(C)C)C)(C)C1C(O)CC2C3(C)CCC4OC1OC(CO)C(O)C(O)C1OC1OC(CO)C(O)C(O)C1O XIRZPICFRDZXPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 abstract 1
- 229930182490 saponin Natural products 0.000 description 18
- 235000017709 saponins Nutrition 0.000 description 18
- 150000007949 saponins Chemical class 0.000 description 18
- 239000001397 quillaja saponaria molina bark Substances 0.000 description 11
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 9
- 235000002789 Panax ginseng Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229930182494 ginsenoside Natural products 0.000 description 4
- 229940089161 ginsenoside Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 4
- OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrazine Chemical compound NN OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 206010028980 Neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 240000004371 Panax ginseng Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000036039 immunity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010061218 Inflammation Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010033557 Palpitations Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010051246 Photodermatosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- -1 amino compound Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003064 anti-oxidating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000259 anti-tumor effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004071 biological effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019658 bitter taste Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001914 calming effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001728 carbonyl compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 208000030381 cutaneous melanoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000000105 evaporative light scattering detection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004438 eyesight Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003205 fragrance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000004054 inflammatory process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 201000001441 melanoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000144 pharmacologic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008845 photoaging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000008442 polyphenolic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000013824 polyphenols Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003491 skin Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 201000003708 skin melanoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000010561 standard procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019605 sweet taste sensations Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
- A61K36/18—Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
- A61K36/185—Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons)
- A61K36/25—Araliaceae (Ginseng family), e.g. ivy, aralia, schefflera or tetrapanax
- A61K36/258—Panax (ginseng)
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P17/00—Drugs for dermatological disorders
- A61P17/18—Antioxidants, e.g. antiradicals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P39/00—General protective or antinoxious agents
- A61P39/06—Free radical scavengers or antioxidants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K2236/00—Isolation or extraction methods of medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicine
- A61K2236/10—Preparation or pretreatment of starting material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K2236/00—Isolation or extraction methods of medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicine
- A61K2236/10—Preparation or pretreatment of starting material
- A61K2236/17—Preparation or pretreatment of starting material involving drying, e.g. sun-drying or wilting
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of biological medicines, and particularly relates to a black ginseng processing method, which comprises the steps of selecting fresh ginseng as a raw material, cleaning the fresh ginseng with water, and drying the ginseng in the shade until the epidermis is free of moisture; and processing to obtain a black ginseng product, wherein the processing method comprises the following steps: controlling the steaming temperature to 95-105 deg.C, steaming time to 2-4h, drying temperature to 55-65 deg.C, drying time to 10-12h, and steaming and drying for 6-10 times. According to the invention, the content level of the ginsenoside Rg3 superior to that of the prior art is obtained by selecting the steaming times in the ginseng processing, and meanwhile, the adopted preparation method unifies the temperature and time to achieve standardized preparation, and meanwhile, the steaming time is short and the preparation efficiency is high.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of biological medicine, in particular to a method for processing black ginseng.
Background
The Ginseng radix is dried root and rhizome of Panax ginseng C.A. Mey belonging to Araliaceae family. The ginseng carried in Shen nong Bai Cao Jing (Shen nong Bai Cao Jing) has the effects of strengthening body, improving intelligence, improving eyesight, calming spirit, stopping palpitation, and prolonging life after long-term administration. Sweet taste, warm nature and slight bitter taste, and has prevention effect on various diseases, and clinically common processed products comprise white ginseng (sun-dried ginseng), red ginseng, black ginseng and the like. The white ginseng is prepared by directly airing fresh ginseng in the sun, the red ginseng is prepared by steaming and drying the fresh ginseng once, and the black ginseng is a ginseng deep-processed product prepared by carrying out nine steaming and nine aeration on the fresh ginseng at high temperature. The records about processed ginseng products in the Chinese pharmacopoeia are only sun-dried ginseng and red ginseng. At present, Korean scholars have more intensive research on black ginseng, and the processing technology adopted by Korean scholars is the traditional Korean medicinal material preparation method of 'nine steaming and nine aeration'. The black ginseng is processed at high temperature to fully generate Maillard reaction [4], the appearance color is uniform black, and the black ginseng has unique medicine fragrance. In the high-temperature processing process of the black ginseng, because a carbonyl compound and an amino compound undergo a Maillard reaction, reducing sugar and amino nitrogen as reaction substrates are gradually consumed along with the prolonging of time, so that the content of the reducing sugar and the amino nitrogen in the black ginseng is reduced. The content of polyphenol in functional active nutritional ingredients is increased, the added value of the product is improved, the multiple health-care effects of resisting tumors, improving immunity, resisting bacteria and the like of the black ginseng are enhanced, in addition, the rare saponin ingredients contained in the black ginseng also have stronger biological activities of resisting tumors, resisting inflammation, improving immunity and the like, and the black ginseng has wide application value and development prospect.
The black ginseng is a novel ginseng processed product obtained by repeatedly steaming ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A.Mey) of Araliaceae through nine steams and nine aerations, and the research on the black ginseng originates from Korea and is concerned by scholars at home and abroad in recent years. The ginseng mainly contains ginsenoside, polysaccharide, amino acid and the like as chemical components, and common saponin in the ginseng is converted into micromolecular rare saponin by processing, so that the ginseng has higher anti-tumor and anti-oxidation effects, and can effectively prevent skin photoaging and skin melanoma. The black ginseng has unique chemical components and pharmacological activity, and is worthy of further research. However, the research on black ginseng is less at home and abroad at present, the processing technology of the black ginseng by nine steaming and nine aeration still has controversy at present, and the processing times and conditions are not clear yet. Modern scholars are disputed to the nine characters in the ancient method of nine steaming and nine aeration, wherein some think that 9 times of steaming and boiling are needed, and some think that 9 is an divisor, which is not necessarily exact 9 times, and the judgment should be made according to the steaming and sun times and the color and the shape of the medicinal material, so that the processing technology of the black ginseng needs to be optimized, and a standard method for processing the black ginseng is established.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a method for processing black ginseng, which solves the problems that: at present, the method for processing black ginseng in the prior art is not standard enough, and the content of rare ginsenoside in the black ginseng obtained by the processing method of the black ginseng is low.
(II) technical scheme
In order to realize the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a method for processing black ginseng comprises selecting fresh Ginseng radix as raw material, cleaning with water, and drying in shade until no moisture exists on epidermis; processing to obtain black ginseng product;
the processing method comprises the following steps: controlling the steaming temperature to 95-105 deg.C, steaming time to 2-4h, drying temperature to 55-65 deg.C, drying time to 10-12h, and steaming and drying for 6-10 times.
As a further preferable mode of the invention, in the processing method, the steaming temperature is controlled to be 100 ℃, the steaming time is controlled to be 3h, the drying temperature is controlled to be 60 ℃, and the steaming and drying are repeated for 6 times.
As a further preferable mode of the invention, in the processing method, the steaming temperature is controlled to be 100 ℃, the steaming time is controlled to be 3 hours, the drying temperature is controlled to be 60 ℃, and the steaming and drying are repeated for 7 times.
As a further preferable mode of the invention, in the processing method, the steaming temperature is controlled to be 100 ℃, the steaming time is controlled to be 3 hours, the drying temperature is controlled to be 60 ℃, and the steaming and drying are repeated for 8 times.
As a further preferable mode of the invention, in the processing method, the steaming temperature is controlled to be 100 ℃, the steaming time is controlled to be 3h, the drying temperature is controlled to be 60 ℃, and the steaming and drying are repeated for 9 times.
In a further preferred mode of the invention, in the processing method, the steaming temperature is controlled to be 100 ℃, the steaming time is controlled to be 3 hours, the drying temperature is controlled to be 60 ℃, and the steaming and drying are repeated for 10 times.
(III) advantageous effects
The invention provides a method for processing black ginseng. The method has the following beneficial effects:
according to the invention, the content level of the ginsenoside Rg3 superior to that of the prior art is obtained by selecting the steaming times in the ginseng processing, and meanwhile, the adopted preparation method unifies the temperature and time to achieve standardized preparation, and meanwhile, the steaming time is short and the preparation efficiency is high.
Drawings
FIG. 1 ginsenoside chromatogram;
FIG. 2 is a graph of steaming times versus peak values for rare and common saponins;
FIG. 3 is a schematic of the effect of steaming times on peak number;
FIG. 4 is a table of values of steaming times versus contents of common saponins and rare saponins;
FIG. 5 chromatogram of ginsenoside;
FIG. 6 is a peak diagram showing the influence of steaming times on the contents of rare saponins and common saponins.
FIG. 7 is a schematic of the effect of steaming times on the number of peaks;
FIG. 8 is a schematic representation of the effect of steaming times on common saponins;
FIG. 9 schematic effect of steaming times on rare saponins.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The embodiment of the invention provides a technical scheme that: a black ginseng processing method comprises the following steps: controlling the steaming temperature to 95-105 deg.C, steaming time to 2-4h, drying temperature to 55-65 deg.C, drying time to 10-12h, and steaming and drying for 6-10 times.
Please refer to fig. 1, fig. 2, fig. 3, fig. 4, which are tables of parameters for the steaming times by using HPLC-DAD; as a result: according to the change chart of the content of the common saponin, the content of the common saponin is in a descending trend in the steaming process. Re is basically converted when the steam is steamed to the 6 th to the 7 th times; re is completely converted into rare saponin in the 8 th to 10 th times, and Rb1 is basically converted; rb1 is completely converted into rare saponin in 14 th-15 th times, and the content of rare saponin is in an increasing trend in the steaming process according to the change chart of the content of rare saponin.
Please refer to fig. 5, fig. 6, fig. 7, fig. 8, fig. 9, which are tables of parameter tables for the steaming times by using HPLC-ELSD; as a result: as can be seen from the graph showing the change in the number of peaks, the number of peaks 7 to 9 times was large during the steaming process. According to the change chart of the content of the common saponin, the content of the common saponin is reduced most obviously in the first 7 times in the steaming process, and the conversion is basically completed in the 8 th time.
Example 1
A method for processing black ginseng comprises selecting fresh Ginseng radix as raw material, cleaning with water, and drying in shade until no water is on epidermis; and processing to obtain a black ginseng product, wherein the processing method comprises the following steps: controlling the steaming temperature to be 95 ℃, the steaming time to be 2h, the drying temperature to be 65 ℃, the drying time to be 10h and the number of times of steaming and drying to be 6.
Example 2
A method for processing black ginseng comprises selecting fresh Ginseng radix as raw material, cleaning with water, and drying in shade until no water is on epidermis; and processing to obtain a black ginseng product, wherein the processing method comprises the following steps: controlling the steaming temperature to be 100 ℃, the steaming time to be 3h, the drying temperature to be 60 ℃, the drying time to be 12h and the number of times of steaming and drying to be 7.
Example 3
A method for processing black ginseng comprises selecting fresh Ginseng radix as raw material, cleaning with water, and drying in shade until no water is on epidermis; and processing to obtain a black ginseng product, wherein the processing method comprises the following steps: controlling the steaming temperature to be 100 ℃, the steaming time to be 3h, the drying temperature to be 60 ℃, the drying time to be 12h and the number of times of steaming and drying to be 8.
Example 4
A method for processing black ginseng comprises selecting fresh Ginseng radix as raw material, cleaning with water, and drying in shade until no water is on epidermis; and processing to obtain a black ginseng product, wherein the processing method comprises the following steps: controlling the steaming temperature to be 100 ℃, the steaming time to be 3h, the drying temperature to be 60 ℃, the drying time to be 12h and the number of times of steaming and drying to be 9.
Example 5
A method for processing black ginseng comprises selecting fresh Ginseng radix as raw material, cleaning with water, and drying in shade until no water is on epidermis; and processing to obtain a black ginseng product, wherein the processing method comprises the following steps: controlling the steaming temperature to be 105 ℃, the steaming time to be 4h, the drying temperature to be 55 ℃, the drying time to be 11h and the number of times of steaming and drying to be 10.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present specification describes embodiments, not every embodiment includes only a single embodiment, and such description is for clarity purposes only, and it is to be understood that all embodiments may be combined as appropriate by one of ordinary skill in the art to form other embodiments as will be apparent to those of skill in the art from the description herein.
Claims (7)
1. A method for processing black ginseng comprises selecting fresh Ginseng radix as raw material, cleaning with water, and drying in shade until no water is on epidermis; processing to obtain black ginseng product;
the method is characterized in that: the processing method comprises the following steps: controlling the steaming temperature to 95-105 deg.C, steaming time to 2-4h, drying temperature to 55-65 deg.C, drying time to 10-12h, and steaming and drying for 6-10 times.
2. The black ginseng processing method according to claim 1, wherein: in the processing method, steaming temperature is controlled at 100 deg.C, steaming time is controlled at 3 hr, drying temperature is controlled at 60 deg.C, and steaming and drying are repeated for 6 times.
3. The black ginseng processing method according to claim 1, wherein: in the processing method, steaming temperature is controlled at 100 deg.C, steaming time is controlled at 3 hr, drying temperature is controlled at 60 deg.C, and steaming and drying are repeated for 7 times.
4. The black ginseng processing method according to claim 1, wherein: in the processing method, steaming temperature is controlled at 100 deg.C, steaming time is controlled at 3 hr, drying temperature is controlled at 60 deg.C, and steaming and drying are repeated for 8 times.
5. The black ginseng processing method according to claim 1, wherein: in the processing method, steaming temperature is controlled at 100 deg.C, steaming time is controlled at 3 hr, drying temperature is controlled at 60 deg.C, and steaming and drying are repeated for 9 times.
6. The black ginseng processing method according to claim 1, wherein the processing method comprises the following steps: in the processing method, steaming temperature is controlled at 100 deg.C, steaming time is controlled at 3 hr, drying temperature is controlled at 60 deg.C, and steaming and drying are repeated for 10 times.
7. A black ginseng product prepared according to the method of any one of claims 1 to 6.
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| CN202210422928.3A CN114668787A (en) | 2022-04-21 | 2022-04-21 | Black ginseng processing method |
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Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2008075866A1 (en) * | 2006-12-18 | 2008-06-26 | Yong Jin Park | A composition comprising the processed extract of panax quinquefolium l. for the prevention and treatment of cancer |
| CN107929339A (en) * | 2017-12-28 | 2018-04-20 | 沈阳冠豪生物技术开发有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of black ginseng |
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- 2022-04-21 CN CN202210422928.3A patent/CN114668787A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2008075866A1 (en) * | 2006-12-18 | 2008-06-26 | Yong Jin Park | A composition comprising the processed extract of panax quinquefolium l. for the prevention and treatment of cancer |
| CN107929339A (en) * | 2017-12-28 | 2018-04-20 | 沈阳冠豪生物技术开发有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of black ginseng |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| 赵天琦等: "黑参的研究进展", 《中国现代中药》 * |
| 韩红亮等: "黑人参的炮制方法、化学成分和药理作用的研究进展", 《中草药》 * |
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Application publication date: 20220628 |