CN114665619A - High-frequency time division multi-target microwave wireless energy transmission system - Google Patents
High-frequency time division multi-target microwave wireless energy transmission system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-frequency time division multi-target microwave wireless energy transmission system, relates to a microwave wireless energy transmission and phased array multi-target directional radiation technology, and belongs to the technical field of power generation, power transformation or power distribution. The invention provides a simple and easy-to-use multi-target microwave wireless energy transmission system for simultaneously transmitting energy to multiple targets based on a phased array directional radiation technology, and provides a method for forcibly switching beam angles by using a high-frequency control signal on the basis of realizing the respective directional radiation to a single target so as to enable a beam to jump between multiple enabled targets at high frequency. The scheme provided has the advantages of simple and easy realization of control structure, good directional radiation effect, high transmission efficiency and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention discloses a high-frequency time division multi-target microwave wireless energy transmission system, relates to a microwave wireless energy transmission and phased array multi-target directional radiation technology, and belongs to the technical field of power generation, power transformation or power distribution.
Background
Microwave wireless energy Transmission (MPT) takes electromagnetic waves as an energy Transmission carrier to realize energy directional wireless Transmission, is little influenced by climate and has long Transmission distance, can transmit energy to a single target with high Power (such as an unmanned aerial vehicle) and simultaneously and quickly transmit energy to a plurality of targets (such as equipment such as a notebook computer, a mobile phone, an earphone and the like), and can realize point-to-point and point-to-body full-coverage real-time wireless energy Transmission in a complex environment. The excellent multi-capability microwave wireless energy transmission system shows remarkable superiority in the fields of embedding, Internet of things, smart home and the like.
A common MPT system structure is shown in fig. 1(a), and the MPT system generally consists of three parts, namely a transmitting end, a free space and a receiving end. The transmitting terminal is used for converting direct current power supply energy into radio frequency power for the transmitting antenna to radiate to a free space, and the structure of the transmitting terminal is the most basic link of the whole system. In order to power moving targets and multiple targets, a phased array antenna array is generally used at a transmitting end, and radio frequency power signals are transmitted to multiple variable directions of a free space by using a beam integration and beam orientation technology.
Common transmission schemes of microwave wireless energy transmission systems include a cluster transmission technology, a frequency division multi-beam technology, a single-frequency multi-beam technology, and the like. The cluster transmission is to transmit a wide beam, and covers all the targets to be received in a single beam range, but the cluster transmission is only suitable for the situation that the positions of the targets to be received are very concentrated; the frequency division multiple beams are equivalent to transmitting single beams at different frequencies to a corresponding target, the beams share one set of antenna, but a front-end amplitude and phase control module needs to be configured independently, and the scheme is equivalent to a plurality of sets of single-beam transmitting schemes, although the radiation effect is good, the control is complex, and the cost is extremely high; the single-frequency multi-beam is a scheme for forming a plurality of beams by utilizing interference between array element antennas at the same frequency point to enable the beams to be maximum in two or more directions, the multi-beam generated by the scheme exists continuously and stably in time, and uninterrupted energy supply can be realized. The time division multi-beam work is similar to a pulse power supply, the transmitting antenna works in the whole time period and respectively transmits energy to different targets, only one target receives energy at any time, but the previous single-frequency switching scheme only switches beams within tens of seconds to sequentially charge the energy-receiving targets, and the energy transmission to a plurality of energy-receiving targets cannot be realized simultaneously. For multi-sensor scenes and scenes of the internet of things of smart homes, most of the energy-receiving targets are low in power consumption, but are limited to certain special working environments or are limited by concealment requirements, and therefore the batteries are inconvenient to carry and replace, and a system capable of stably and wirelessly charging the sensors and the smart homes in real time for a long time is needed. The invention aims to provide a microwave wireless energy transmission system which can stably provide higher power for a plurality of energy receiving targets at the same time, and overcomes various problems of the existing multi-beam energy transmission system.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to make up for various defects of the background technology, and provides a high-frequency time division multi-target microwave wireless energy transmission system based on a time division multi-beam technology from the aspects of reducing the complexity of the system and improving the real-time performance and stability of energy transmission.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme for realizing the aim of the invention:
in order to realize simultaneous multi-target energy supply, a plurality of paths of accurate synchronous signals are designed and generated, high-frequency switching wave beams are controlled, the wave beam switching frequency is increased to the hundred KHz level, a receiving antenna module for supplying power to each target device respectively obtains a section of discontinuous radio frequency continuous wave, the radio frequency continuous wave is rectified by a radio frequency rectifier to obtain a section of square wave, the waveform of a power signal is analyzed based on a power electronic technology, and a direct current filter is designed by imitating a BUCK circuit topology so as to finally output direct current voltage. In the scheme, although only one target device still receives energy at any time and the power of a receiving end is discontinuous in a frequency domain, due to the extremely high switching frequency, the power received by the target device is filtered to obtain direct current power which does not change along with time, and the direct current power obtained by the load of each target device is continuous in a time domain.
The high-frequency time division multi-target microwave wireless energy transmission system comprises a transmitting end and a receiving end, wherein the transmitting end comprises: RF power source, merit divide module, K T modules, Tx transmitting antenna module, the master control unit that K transmitting antenna array elements are constituteed, the receiving terminal includes: m Rx receiving antenna modules, a target device, each Rx receiving antenna module supplies power to one target device, and each target device comprises: the system comprises an RF rectifier, a direct current filter, a load and a sampling communication module.
RF power source output frequency of fRFThe reference radio frequency power signal is sent to the power division module.
K paths of power signals with equal phase amplitude output by the power division module are supplied as uniform high-frequency power signals of a transmitting end, and each path of power signals is transmitted to a T module.
Each T module comprises an MCU, a phase shifter, a VGA, a PA and other devices, analyzes the power distribution scheme output by the main control unit to obtain amplitude and phase adjustment information, amplifies and phase-shifts a path of received power signal according to the amplitude and phase control information, and sends the amplified and phase-shifted power signal to a transmitting antenna array element. Due to the power distribution scheme output by the main control unit, the duration of the electromagnetic wave radiated by the transmitting beam to the target device (at least one target device) is switched at intervals in a time sequence, and a power distribution scheme is sent to all the T modules in the duration of the electromagnetic wave radiated by the transmitting beam to the target device (at least one target device) by the clock synchronization technology. The T module is sensitive to high-frequency control signals, phase-shifting angle adjustment time is extremely short, and the functional requirement for quickly switching multiple energy supply targets can be met.
A main control unit for receiving power p collected by each sampling communication module and received by the Rx receiving antenna moduleRFDC filter output voltage uLLoad current iLActual required power P of load target equipmentm-need. According to the output voltage u of each DC filterLLoad current iLCalculating instantaneous charging power u of each target deviceL*iLWhen the instantaneous charging power of each target device is increased to wake up the wireless communication module, searching and positioning of the target devices are completed, and phase adjustment information of transmitting beams for supplying power to each target device is obtained according to the position information of the target devices and the phase array control principle; the searched instantaneous charging power of the target equipment is collected again, the maximum value of the instantaneous charging power of each target equipment is counted to obtain the maximum transmission power P of each target equipmentm-max(ii) a According to the maximum transmission power P of each target devicem-maxAnd the actual required power Pm-needPerforming power distribution when the actual required power P of the target devicem-needLess than maximum transmission power Pm-maxIncreasing the power of the transmitting wave beam or prolonging the duration of the electromagnetic wave radiated by the transmitting wave beam to the target equipment; when the actual required power P of the target devicem-needGreater than the maximum transmission power Pm-maxReducing the power of the transmitting beam or shortening the duration of the electromagnetic wave radiated by the transmitting beam to the target device; the power distribution scheme comprising amplitude adjustment information of the transmitting wave beam and phase adjustment information of the transmitting wave beam is synchronously transmitted to each T module according to duration information of electromagnetic waves radiated to each target device by the transmitting wave beam, the amplitude adjustment information of the transmitting wave beam meets the constraint adjustment of the maximum transmitting power according to the actual transmission power of the system, the phase adjustment information of the transmitting wave beam is obtained by phased array displacement according to the position information of each target device, and the duration information of the electromagnetic waves radiated to each target device by the transmitting wave beam is obtained according to the maximum transmission power, the actual required power and the switching frequency f of wave beam switching direction of each target deviceCAnd (5) determining.
The trade-off between transmit power and beam time should be in accordance with the following criteria: when the actual required power P of the target devicem-needLess than maximum transmission power Pm-maxIf the Rx receiving antenna module of the target device is powered onIf the received power of the Rx receiving antenna module for supplying power to the target device is less than the optimal working power of the RF rectifier, the power transmitted by the Tx transmitting antenna module to the target device is increased; when the actual required power P of the target devicem-needGreater than the maximum transmission power Pm-maxAnd if the power received by the Rx receiving antenna module for supplying power to the target device is greater than the optimal working power of the RF rectifier, reducing the power transmitted by the Tx transmitting antenna module to the target device, and if the power received by the Rx receiving antenna module for supplying power to the target device is less than the optimal working power of the RF rectifier, shortening the duration of the beam radiated by the Tx transmitting antenna module to the target device. And it is noticed that under more conditions, the required transmitting time is less than the continuous working time of the transmitting terminal, and the redundant transmitting working time closes the transmitting terminal to reduce the power consumption and improve the efficiency. Specific amplitude and phase adjustment information is synchronously sent to each T module by wired communication protocols including but not limited to serial ports, SPI, I2C and the like; and the amplitude and the phase are simultaneously modified by means of unified interruption, clock synchronization and the like, so as to meet the requirement of high-synchronization time sequence.
Tx transmitting antenna module, each transmitting antenna array element receives a power signal output by T module, the Tx transmitting antenna module converts the electric signal received by each array element into circularly polarized/linearly polarized electromagnetic wave beam and then radiates the circularly polarized/linearly polarized electromagnetic wave beam to free space at a designated position, and the direction of the electromagnetic wave beam transmitted by the Tx transmitting antenna module is switched with frequency fCAnd (4) fast switching. Because the electromagnetic wave beam radiated by the Tx transmitting antenna module points to a single target, compared with the condition of simultaneously generating multiple beams, the transmitting power is higher under the condition of single beam persistence, and the power amplifier in the T module works at a more optimal efficiency point, so that the transmitting efficiency can be effectively improved.
When the electromagnetic wave beam radiated to the free space at the appointed position by the Tx transmitting antenna module is collected by one Rx receiving antenna module, the Rx receiving antenna module induces fRFA sinusoidal power signal of (f), output fRFTo RF integer of the sinusoidal power signalA flow device. Due to the directivity of the beam of electromagnetic waves emitted by the Tx transmit antenna module at the switching frequency fCAnd fast switching, wherein the sine power signal induced by the Rx receiving antenna module is a discontinuous continuous wave. When the beam of the electromagnetic wave transmitted by the Tx transmitting antenna module points to the Rx receiving antenna module which supplies power to the current target equipment, the receiving frequency of the Rx receiving antenna module which supplies power to the target equipment is fRFThe constant amplitude continuous sine wave of (3), the signals received by other Rx receiving antenna modules which are not pointed by the electromagnetic wave beam are zero; when the electromagnetic wave beam emitted by the Tx transmitting antenna module does not point to the Rx receiving antenna module that supplies power to the current target device, the signal received by the Rx receiving antenna module that supplies power to the target device is zero, and the other Rx receiving antenna modules to which the electromagnetic wave beam points receive a constant-amplitude continuous sine wave of a corresponding duration. Because the energy of the single transmission beam is larger than that of the continuous transmission beam, and the RF rectifier works at a more optimal efficiency point when receiving larger power, the receiving efficiency can be effectively improved.
And the RF rectifier receives the sinusoidal power signal induced by the Rx receiving antenna module, and converts the sinusoidal alternating current signal into a half-wave signal and then converts the half-wave signal into direct current voltage by using the RF rectifier circuit comprising the microstrip line rectifier circuit. Switching frequency f due to the directivity of the beam of the electromagnetic wave transmitted by the Tx transmit antenna moduleCFast switching, when the electromagnetic wave beam is directed to the Rx receive antenna module that powers the current target device, the DC voltage V output by the RF rectifier in the target devicePWMWhen the electromagnetic wave beam is not directed to the Rx receiving antenna module for supplying power to the current target device, the dc voltage output from the RF rectifier in the target device is zero, i.e. the RF rectifier has an output frequency fCThe duty cycle of the square wave is the time t when the electromagnetic wave beam points to the Rx receiving antenna module for supplying power to the current target equipment1Ratio of total time of switching, t 1/fC。
A DC filter receiving the RF rectifier output at a frequency fCDue to switching frequency fCWell below the radio frequency fRFTherefore, the design is only required to be carried out according to the specifications of the power electronic technical fieldAnd filters such as RC, LC, LLC and the like are used for meeting the requirement of supplying stable direct current voltage to the load.
A sampling communication module for collecting power p received by the Rx receiving antenna moduleRFDC filter output voltage vDCLoad current iLWaiting for the simulation information and the actual required power P of the target devicem-needAnd the digital information is fed back to the main control unit of the transmitting end through wireless communication modules including but not limited to WIFI, LORA, BLE and the like. Power p received by the Rx receive antenna moduleRFThe acquisition can be realized by a directional coupler and a logarithmic detector, and the output voltage v of the direct current filterDCLoad current iLThe actual required power P of the target equipment can be acquired by the ADC sampling modulem-needAnd the digital information is reported to the main control unit through a communication protocol.
The invention provides an energy emission sequence based on the thought, and the whole multi-target emission time sequence consists of four stages of target searching, power metering, power distribution and multi-target simultaneous energy supply. The method comprises the steps that firstly, the position of an object device capable of receiving energy is searched, when a wave beam points to the object device and the instant charging power of the object device is increased to wake up a wireless communication module, the object device capable of receiving energy of a receiving end is wakened up, and the wireless communication module of the receiving end is automatically connected with an AP of a transmitting end and reports the wakening-up condition. And after the positions of all the target devices to be transmitted are found, power measurement and power distribution are carried out, and the transmitting power and the amplitude-phase control angle of each target device to be transmitted are dynamically planned so as to meet the requirement of the fastest speed or the optimal efficiency. The result of the dynamic programming of the transmitting power and the amplitude-phase control angle of each energy-receiving target device determines the transmitting condition when multiple targets supply energy simultaneously.
The invention provides an energy distribution method aiming at different energy transmission requirements of multiple targets. The main control unit reads and analyzes information such as voltage, current and power of the receiving end, and carries out analysis calculation on the current beam transmitting condition for self-adaptive adjustment, so that the transmitting end and the receiving end simultaneously meet hardware constraint to realize optimal power transmission, and the overall system efficiency is improved.
By adopting the technical scheme, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the invention provides a multi-target microwave wireless energy transmission system with high frequency time division switching based on a time division idea aiming at the defects of complex structure, high cost, low transmission power efficiency, no practical significance and the like of the conventional multi-target microwave wireless energy transmission system, realizes the simultaneous energy supply of microwave energy to a plurality of targets, and compared with the traditional single-frequency multi-beam or frequency-division multi-beam scheme, the high-frequency time division multi-target scheme has the technical advantages of high transmission efficiency, large power capacity, simple structure, clear control logic and strong stability.
(2) The novel system architecture provided by the invention adopts a modular design, is easy to improve and upgrade, the radio frequency circuit function of the transmitting terminal is realized by the T module of the modular design, the functions of the T module and the main control unit can be added or deleted or redesigned according to the needs at any time, the T module can be flexibly added according to the scale of the transmitting terminal antenna array, the system hardware architecture corresponding to the scale of the transmitting antenna array can be obtained only by connecting the added T module to the main control unit through a communication interface, and the novel system architecture is also easy to replace when a new generation of devices and control methods have breakthrough progress, is upgraded in real time or selects a more suitable implementation mode according to the needs.
(3) The novel multi-target microwave wireless energy transmission scheme provided by the invention is suitable for the condition of a plurality of high-power energy-receiving targets, can realize simultaneous energy supply of the plurality of targets, enables the receiving targets to work for a long time without additionally using energy storage components such as batteries or super capacitors and the like, and lays a solid foundation for the application fields such as high-power microwave wireless energy transmission, multi-sensor Internet of things application, unmanned factories, cluster tactics and the like in future.
Drawings
Fig. 1(a) is a structural diagram of a general MPT system.
Fig. 1(b) is a schematic view of the radiation direction of a one-dimensional phased array.
Fig. 2 is a system block diagram of a high-frequency time-division multi-target microwave wireless energy transmission system provided by the invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a multi-target overall operation timing sequence according to the present invention
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the energy flow at the receiving end of the multi-target system according to the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the transmission timing of the multi-target energy allocation scheme of the present invention.
Fig. 6(a) is a graph comparing efficiency improvement of the transmitting end of the proposed energy distribution scheme.
Fig. 6(b) is a comparison graph of the efficiency improvement of the receiving end of the proposed energy distribution scheme.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is explained in detail in the following with reference to the attached drawings.
Fig. 2 shows a system block diagram of the high-frequency time division multi-target microwave wireless energy transmission system provided by the present invention, and in order to clarify the specific implementation principle, the application of the phased array technology in the present invention is first briefly introduced.
Taking a one-dimensional linear antenna array as an example, the antenna elements are arranged as shown in fig. 1 (b). Assuming that the array is composed of n units arranged along a straight line, where n is any positive integer and the unit pitch is d, the total phase difference between two adjacent units and the feeding phase difference
And the beam pointing φ relationship can be expressed as:
wherein k is 2 pi/2. Taking antenna 1 as a reference, the electric field phase difference of antenna 2 is ψ, the electric field phase difference of antenna 3 is 2 ψ, and so on. The final composite field strength of the n-element antenna array is as follows:
the magnitude of the modulus of the electric field strength is:
order;
the array factor F is known from (1.4)nAt maximum, the electric field strength reaches a maximum. The relationship between the feeding phase difference and the spacing between the adjacent units is as follows:
wherein f is the frequency of the radio frequency signal, c is the speed of light, and λ is the wavelength corresponding to the radio frequency signal, and at this time, the current phase difference between adjacent units is exactly equal to the spatial phase difference of the electromagnetic wave propagation. That is, the beam can be radiated toward the target direction only by satisfying the above relationship.
Based on the theory, the wireless energy transmission system shown in the figure 2 is adopted to realize the function of simultaneously transmitting energy to multiple targets, target equipment is searched through energy trial transmission and information feedback of a receiving end sampling communication module, multiple beam pointing angles phi required by the receiving end are found, phase angle adjustment information and amplitude adjustment information required by power supply to each target equipment are calculated and stored in a main control unit, a synchronous control module is used for sequentially transmitting the phase angle adjustment information and the amplitude adjustment information required by the power supply to each target equipment to a multi-path T module according to a designed energy distribution scheme, and the energy radiated by each transmitting antenna array element to the multiple target equipment can be adjusted according to the phase angle adjustment information and the amplitude adjustment information required by each energy-receiving target equipment. The transmitting antennas Tx 1-Tx 1K convert the radio frequency electric signals with different amplitudes and phase angles output by the K T modules into electromagnetic waves BF 1-BFN to radiate to the free space of a specified position according to the principle of the phased antenna, so that microwave wireless energy transmission is realized.
Rxj (j is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to M) the receiving antenna module receives the electromagnetic wave energy radiated to the free space by the Tx transmitting antenna module and induces fRFA sinusoidal power signal of (a), delivering fRFThe sinusoidal power signal at (a) to the RF rectifier. Note that unlike a conventional phased array transmit antenna, Rxj (1. ltoreq. j. ltoreq.M) receives f from a receive antenna moduleRFThe sinusoidal power signal is discontinuous continuous wave, when the radiation beam points to the Rxj (j is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to M) receiving module, Rxj (j is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to M) receiving module receives electromagnetic frequency fRFThe received signal of the receiving module of Rxk (k is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to M, k is not equal to j) with the undirected radiation beam is zero; when the radiation beam is not directed to Rxj (j is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to M) receiving antenna module, Rxj (j is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to M) receiving antenna module receives signal zero, and at this time Rxk (k is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to M, k is not equal to j) one of the receiving antenna modules receives f within the duration of continuous radiation of the transmission beam distributed by the main control unitRFConstant amplitude continuous sine waves; in addition, because the energy emitted by the single-emission beam is larger than that emitted by the continuous-emission beam, and the RF rectifier works at a more effective point when receiving larger power, the receiving efficiency can be effectively improved.
Now, the process of the wireless energy transmission system shown in fig. 2 for simultaneously supplying energy to multiple targets is explained by combining the schematic diagram of the overall multi-target working timing sequence shown in fig. 3 provided by the present invention, the overall multi-target transmission timing sequence includes four stages of target searching, power metering, power distribution and multi-target simultaneous energy supply, the working flow of the system is analyzed by way of example, the condition that the same beam supplies energy to multiple energy-supplied target devices is not considered for a while, that is, N is M, and the process of simultaneously supplying energy to multiple target devices specifically includes the following steps:
And 4, step 4: the distribution scheme designed according to the three previous steps radiates a plurality of targets in sequence, and the microwave power received by the antenna of the target to be excited is converted into direct current power according to the path shown in fig. 4. It is worth noting that continuous microwave signals are emitted from the emitting end in the whole energy transmission process and sequentially reach different energy receiving target devices at different times, and in the rectification stage, a rectifier working at microwave frequency rectifies sine wave radio frequency signals received by the receiving antenna module into PWM waves with lower frequency, and then the direct current voltage with the same effective value is obtained through simple filtering. This means that while the transmit antennas radiate energy to different targets at different times in a time-division manner, they receive stable energy simultaneously in the time domain for each load. This makes it possible for multiple targets to work simultaneously, effectively increasing the wake-up rate of the load, and even extending its working time indefinitely.
The invention provides an energy distribution strategy in step 3 based on the whole framework of time division multiple targets, which is represented as follows: when the receiving power is too small, the transmitting power is increased or the beam duration is prolonged; when the reception power is too large, the transmission power is reduced or the beam duration is shortened. The trade-off between transmit power and beam time should be in accordance with the following criteria: when the receiving power is too small, if the receiving power of the antenna is larger than the optimal working power of the rectifier, the beam duration is prolonged, and if the receiving power of the antenna is smaller than the optimal working power of the rectifier, the transmitting power is increased; and when the receiving power is overlarge, reducing the transmitting power if the receiving power of the antenna is larger than the optimal working power of the rectifier, and shortening the beam duration if the receiving power of the antenna is smaller than the optimal working power of the rectifier. And it is noticed that under more conditions, the required transmitting time is less than the continuous working time of the transmitting terminal, and the redundant transmitting working time closes the transmitting terminal to reduce the power consumption and improve the efficiency.
The time-sharing transmitting method proposed in the step 4 can flexibly meet the hardware constraint of the receiving and transmitting antenna, so that the whole transmitting and receiving antenna is in an optimal working state, and the best system efficiency is obtained. The maximum transmission power P of each target device is obtained in step 2m-maxAnd the actually required power Pm-needThe PAE curve of the RF rectifier at the receiving end can be easily known according to the design result of the RF rectifier, the transmitting power is adjusted by adjusting the switch state of the transmitting unit module at the edge position of the antenna, the receiving power is enabled to be as close to the optimal working point of the RF rectifier as possible, and the actual transmission power P of the system is noticedtotalSatisfy the maximum transmitting power PomaxAnd (3) constraint:
is easily calculated to obtain the frequency f at the beam switching frequencyCDuty cycle D of the beam directed to the respective receiving antenna modulemComprises the following steps:
actual beam switching duration:
note that in formula (1.7), multiplex DmLess than 1 may occur in the summation, at the redundant duty cycle DoffThe internal shutdown system reduces energy waste to improve efficiency as much as possible. The transmission timing of the multi-target energy allocation scheme obtained according to the duty ratio calculation manner shown in equation (1.7) is shown in fig. 5.
According to the power distribution scheme, the transmitting end almost always transmits full power, and the PAE efficiency of the solid-state power amplifier of the transmitting end is optimal when the solid-state power amplifier of the transmitting end is in saturated power. As shown in fig. 6(a), the proposed radiation method is used to make the operating state of the transmitting end move from point a to point B of conventional multi-beam forming, which effectively improves the transmission efficiency. Similarly, the rectenna receives larger power during the working time, but no energy flows at other times, while fig. 6(b) shows that the maximum efficiency point of the PAE curve of the RF rectifier occurs before the breakdown voltage, and the rectification efficiency increases with increasing power in the normal working range of the rectifier, and the proposed radiation method is used to move the working state of the transmitting end from the efficiency point C when power is continuously received to the higher efficiency point D, thereby effectively improving the transmission efficiency.
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical idea of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby, and any modifications made on the basis of the technical scheme according to the technical idea of the present invention fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A high-frequency time division multi-target microwave wireless energy transmission system is characterized by comprising:
the RF power source outputs a reference radio frequency power signal to the power division module;
the power division module outputs K paths of power signals with equal phase amplitude;
each T module receives one path of power signal output by the power division module, receives a power distribution scheme data sequence output by the main control unit, switches the power distribution scheme data at intervals of the duration of the electromagnetic wave radiated to each target device by the transmitting wave beam related to the directional switching frequency of the transmitting wave beam, analyzes the power distribution scheme data in real time to acquire the amplitude and phase adjustment information of the transmitting wave beam, modulates the received power signal according to the amplitude and phase adjustment information of the transmitting wave beam, and sends the modulated power signal to a transmitting antenna array element;
the transmitting antenna module consists of K transmitting antenna array elements, converts the power signal received by each transmitting antenna array element into an electromagnetic wave beam to radiate to the free space of a specified position, and switches the position of the electromagnetic wave beam to radiate to the free space by the directional switching frequency of the transmitting wave beam;
the M receiving antenna modules are used for collecting electromagnetic wave beams radiated by the transmitting antenna modules and outputting the sensed sinusoidal power signals with the same frequency as the reference radio frequency power signals to at least one target device; and a process for the preparation of a coating,
the main control unit collects power information received by each receiving antenna module, direct current output voltage information and load current information of each target device of the receiving end, calculates instantaneous power information of each target device of the receiving end, analyzes position information of the target device and phase adjustment information of a transmitting beam from the instantaneous power information of each target device, adjusts power of the transmitting beam and duration of electromagnetic wave radiation to each target device by the transmitting beam according to maximum transmission power and actually required power of each target device, generates a power distribution scheme data sequence containing amplitude of the transmitting beam and phase adjustment information according to the duration of electromagnetic wave radiation to each target device by the transmitting beam, and synchronously transmits the corresponding power distribution scheme to the K T modules within the duration of electromagnetic wave radiation to each target device by the transmitting beam.
2. The high-frequency time-division multi-target microwave wireless energy transmission system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the specific method for adjusting the power of the transmission beam and the duration of the electromagnetic wave radiated by the transmission beam to each target device according to the maximum transmission power and the actually required power of each target device comprises:
when the actual required power of the current target equipment is less than the maximum transmission power, increasing the power of the transmitting wave beam or prolonging the duration of the electromagnetic wave radiated to the target equipment by the transmitting wave beam;
and when the actual required power of the current target device is larger than the maximum transmission power, reducing the power of the transmitting beam or shortening the duration of the electromagnetic wave radiated to the target device by the transmitting beam.
3. The high-frequency time-division multi-target microwave wireless energy transmission system as claimed in claim 2, wherein when the actual required power of the current target device is less than the maximum transmission power, the power of the transmission beam is increased or the duration of the electromagnetic wave radiated to the target device by the transmission beam is prolonged according to the following method:
when the power received by a receiving antenna module for supplying power to the current target equipment is greater than the optimal working power of an RF rectifying device of the target equipment, the duration of the electromagnetic wave radiated to the target equipment by the transmitting wave beam is prolonged;
and when the power received by the receiving antenna module for supplying power to the current target equipment is less than the optimal working power of the RF rectifying device of the target equipment, increasing the power of the transmitting beam.
4. The high-frequency time-division multi-target microwave wireless energy transmission system as claimed in claim 2, wherein when the actual required power of the current target device is greater than the maximum transmission power, the power of the transmission beam is reduced or the duration of the electromagnetic wave radiated from the transmission beam to the target device is shortened according to the following method:
when the power received by a receiving antenna module for supplying power to the current target equipment is larger than the optimal working power of an RF rectifying device of the target equipment, reducing the power of a transmitting beam;
and when the power received by the receiving antenna module for supplying power to the current target equipment is less than the optimal working power of the RF rectifying device of the target equipment, the duration of the electromagnetic wave radiated to the target equipment by the transmitting beam is shortened.
5. The high-frequency time-division multi-target microwave wireless energy transmission system according to claim 1, wherein the target device comprises:
the RF rectifier is used for collecting sinusoidal power signals which are induced by the receiving antenna module and have the same frequency as the reference radio frequency power signals and outputting square wave signals which have the same frequency as the transmission beam direction switching frequency;
the direct current filter receives a square wave signal with the same frequency as the transmission beam pointing switching frequency and outputs direct current voltage;
the sampling communication module is used for acquiring power information received by each receiving antenna module, output voltage information of the direct current filter, load current information of target equipment and actually required power of the target equipment; and a process for the preparation of a coating,
and the wireless communication module uploads the data acquired by the sampling communication module to the main control unit.
6. A high frequency time division multi-target microwave wireless energy transmission system as claimed in claim 2, 3 or 4, characterized in that the power of the transmitting beam is increased or decreased according to the constraint that the actual transmission power of the system satisfies the maximum transmission power, and the maximum transmission power is the sum of the maximum transmission powers of all target devices.
7. A high frequency time division multi-target microwave wireless energy transmission system as claimed in claim 2, 3 or 4, characterized in that the duration of the electromagnetic wave radiated to the target devices by the transmitting beam is determined according to the maximum transmission power P of each target devicem-maxActual required power Pm-needAnd a transmit beam pointing switching frequency fCIt is determined that,
Tma duration of time for which the transmit beam radiates electromagnetic waves toward the mth target device.
8. The system as claimed in claim 7, wherein the emission beam radiates electromagnetic waves to each target device at a time other than a duration of timeA closed system, the time except the duration of the electromagnetic wave radiated to each target device by the transmission beam is based on the duty ratio D of the time except the power distribution scheme data sequence in one control periodoffIt is determined that,
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