CN114664616A - Axial cascade relativistic magnetron based on frequency locking and phase locking of full-cavity coupling structure - Google Patents
Axial cascade relativistic magnetron based on frequency locking and phase locking of full-cavity coupling structure Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J23/00—Details of transit-time tubes of the types covered by group H01J25/00
- H01J23/36—Coupling devices having distributed capacitance and inductance, structurally associated with the tube, for introducing or removing wave energy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J25/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
- H01J25/50—Magnetrons, i.e. tubes with a magnet system producing an H-field crossing the E-field
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J2223/00—Details of transit-time tubes of the types covered by group H01J2225/00
- H01J2223/36—Coupling devices having distributed capacitance and inductance, structurally associated with the tube, for introducing or removing wave energy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J2225/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. Klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
- H01J2225/50—Magnetrons, i.e. tubes with a magnet system producing an H-field crossing the E-field
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Abstract
The invention discloses an axial cascade relativistic magnetron based on frequency locking and phase locking of a full-cavity coupling structure, and belongs to the technical field of microwaves. The magnetron comprises a plurality of high-frequency systems which have the same structure and are axially cascaded; an annular columnar isolation structure is arranged between the adjacent high-frequency systems; the outer side of the anode shell is provided with a full-cavity coupling structure shell; an annular columnar cavity between the full-cavity coupling structure shell and the anode shell is divided into 4 fan-shaped waveguide cavities with the same size through 4 fan-shaped inserting pieces; two ends of the fan-shaped waveguide cavity are provided with linear transition structures, and the other ends of the linear transition structures are connected with the rectangular waveguide; the coupling slot couples the energy in the resonant cavity to the 4 fan-shaped waveguide cavities and finally outputs from the 8 rectangular waveguides. The electromagnetic fields in the adjacent high-frequency system resonant cavities are coupled through the full-cavity coupling structure, so that the effect of cascade phase locking is enhanced; full-cavity extraction and multi-port axial output, the compactness of a radial space is improved, and the mode purity and the working stability are also improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of microwaves, and particularly relates to an axial cascade relativistic magnetron based on frequency locking and phase locking of a full-cavity coupling structure.
Background
From the perspective of practical high-power microwave systems, the development of high-power microwave systems mainly focuses on the following aspects: (1) the system is miniaturized and compacted, and the power consumption ratio is improved; (2) high repetition frequency operation; (3) the frequency can be tuned; (4) outputting in multiple frequencies; (5) and (4) synthesizing the output of the phase-locked array and the power. Since its birth, the relativistic magnetron has been receiving attention due to its compactness and high efficiency. In order to meet the development and application requirements of future high-power microwave sources, a relativistic magnetron with the characteristics of high output power, high conversion efficiency, suitability for long-pulse and high-repetition-frequency operation, frequency-locking phase-locking multiport output and the like becomes an important research target of people.
Classified according to the topology, there are 3 types of relativistic magnetron phase-locking methods proposed at present, which are allelic phase-locking, injection phase-locking, and cascade phase-locking, respectively. In 1989, the relativistic magnetron of allelic phase locking was proposed by the company James N.Benford, U.S. Physics International, and the output ports of 2A 6 relativistic magnetrons placed in parallel were connected by rectangular waveguides to realize locking, and the other ports were used for microwave output, and the output power of about 3GW was obtained under the condition that the two magnetrons work together. In 1991, Todd A.Treado et al, Varian Associates, Inc. in the United states, proposed a relativistic magnetron with injection phase locking, and it was experimentally determined that the relativistic magnetron can generate 52MW output power under the condition of phase locking by injecting power to one port of the relativistic magnetron with an S-band 3MW coaxial magnetron. In 1992, General Dynamics group Keith g.kato et al, usa proposed a relativistic magnetron with cascade phase locking, where anodes of 4 eight-cavity magnetrons were arranged at equal intervals in the axial direction, and corresponding cathodes in the respective tubes were connected into one body, and it was intended to obtain output power with a total of more than 1GW at 16 output ports. In 2015, the american Raytheon company Andrey d.andreev proposed a hole-slot type conventional magnetron that was locked in cascade phase by connecting anode blocks of adjacent magnetrons with axial mold separation bands.
When a plurality of relativistic magnetrons are arranged in a cascade manner, a strong current which is several times of the working current of a single magnetron flows through a cathode rod close to one end of an accelerator, an angular induction magnetic field with amplitude which is similar to that of an axially external magnetic field is caused in a wave injection interaction area, and further, axial drift of electrons, working mode jump, frequency shift effect and pulse shortening effect are caused, so that the frequency and phase locking of the cascade relativistic magnetron fails.
The coupling mode of the current proposed cascade phase-locking scheme is single, the cascade phase-locking relativistic magnetron realizes high-frequency electromagnetic field interaction mainly by drawing the distance between adjacent magnetrons, and the cascade phase-locking conventional power magnetron realizes electric coupling by conducting anode blocks in the adjacent magnetrons by an axial mode separation belt, and the two schemes still have more limitations in practical application.
The structural characteristics of the resonance system can be changed by shortening the distance between the adjacent anode blocks, so that the coupling impedance of each intrinsic mode of the magnetron is changed, the working area of the expected working mode of the magnetron is easily narrowed, a certain electronic tuning range is lost, higher requirements on the regulation and control precision of an external anode voltage and an external axial magnetic field are provided, and the practicability of the magnetron is reduced. Meanwhile, the axial distance between adjacent magnetron extraction channels is too small, so that the structural design difficulty is improved, and the layout flexibility is reduced.
The design scheme of the axial diaphragm band has good operation effect in the cascade conventional power magnetron, but the ideal working state is difficult to achieve in the cascade relativistic magnetron. The strong current flowing through the cathode of the cascade relativistic magnetron causes a strong angular induced magnetic field in the injection-wave interaction region between the cathode and the anode, and the strong angular induced magnetic field and the radial electric field between the cathode and the anode jointly push electrons to do axial drift motion, so that the electron density distribution in each interaction region of the cascade magnetron is unbalanced, and further the output power difference of each tube is overlarge. The strong angular electric field has a higher harmonic mode which is easy to excite and has a larger difference with the working frequency point of the fundamental mode. Phase locking is difficult to achieve with only conventional split-mode band structures.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides an axial cascade relativistic magnetron based on a full-cavity coupling structure frequency locking and phase locking on the basis of the axial cascade relativistic magnetron. The electromagnetic fields in the resonant cavities of the adjacent high-frequency systems are coupled through a full-cavity coupling structure, so that the problem of insufficient coupling degree of the two adjacent high-frequency systems in the axial cascade relativistic magnetron is solved, and the effect of cascade phase locking is enhanced. The full-cavity extraction scheme and the multi-port axial output improve the compactness of a radial space, can use a solenoid magnetic field, and improve the mode purity and the working stability.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
an axial cascade relativistic magnetron based on frequency locking and phase locking of a full-cavity coupling structure comprises a plurality of axially cascaded high-frequency systems with the same structure;
the input end of the axially cascaded high-frequency system is provided with a front end face with a central opening, and a cylindrical front end part space is formed between the front end face and the adjacent anode blade; the tail end of the axially cascaded high-frequency system is provided with a rear end closed surface, and a cylindrical rear end space is formed between the rear end closed surface and the adjacent anode blade;
the high-frequency system is of a same-cavity structure and comprises a cathode, an anode and a coupling gap;
the cathode comprises a cathode electron emission structure, a cathode connecting rod and a cathode end cap; the cathode electron emission structure is arranged at the central position of the inner cavity of the anode shell and is coaxial with the anode shell; the cathode end caps comprise 2 cylindrical end caps which are symmetrically arranged at two ends of the cathode electron emission structure; the cathode connecting rod penetrates through a central opening of the front end face to enter the high-frequency system, and the cathode electron emission structure and the cathode end caps as well as the adjacent cathode end caps of the high-frequency system are fixedly connected through the cathode connecting rod;
the anode comprises a cylindrical anode shell and a plurality of fan-shaped anode blades which are uniformly distributed in the anode shell along the circumference, and a fan-shaped cavity between every two adjacent fan-shaped anode blades is a resonant cavity;
the coupling gaps comprise a plurality of rectangular gaps which are arranged on the anode shell at equal intervals, and one resonant cavity corresponds to one rectangular gap and couples and outputs energy in the resonant cavity;
the device is characterized in that anode shells of two adjacent high-frequency systems are axially connected, and the inner wall of the joint is provided with an annular columnar isolation structure; the center of the annular columnar isolation structure is a cylindrical opening, and the cathode connecting rod penetrates through the cylindrical opening to be connected with the cathode end caps of the two high-frequency systems;
a cylindrical full-cavity coupling structure shell is coaxially arranged on the outer side of the anode shell; an annular columnar cavity between the full-cavity coupling structure shell and the anode shell is divided into 4 fan-shaped waveguide cavities with the same size through 4 fan-shaped inserting pieces; two ends of the fan-shaped waveguide cavity are symmetrically provided with linear transition structures, and the other ends of the linear transition structures are connected with the rectangular waveguide;
the coupling slot radially couples the energy in the resonant cavity to 4 fan-shaped waveguide cavities, and finally outputs the energy from 8 rectangular waveguides.
Furthermore, a fan-shaped isolation baffle is arranged at the axial center of the fan-shaped waveguide cavity, and the coupling degree between two adjacent high-frequency systems is changed by adjusting the fan-shaped isolation baffle.
Furthermore, the central angle corresponding to the fan-shaped isolation barrier is the same as the central angle corresponding to the fan-shaped waveguide cavity.
Further, the output direction of the rectangular waveguide is parallel to the axial direction.
Further, the axial length of the anode blade is haThe distance between the end surfaces of the anode blades of two adjacent high-frequency systems is 0.5ha～3haWherein h isaIs the anode axial height.
Further, the axial length of the annular columnar isolation structure is 0.05 ha-0.3 ha, and the radius of the central cylindrical cavity is 0.8Ra～RvWherein R isaIs the anode vane inner radius, RvIs the anode casing inner radius.
Furthermore, the central angle corresponding to the fan-shaped waveguide cavity is 50 deg-85 deg; the difference between the inner radius and the outer radius is 0.1-1 times of the working wavelength.
Furthermore, the fan-shaped isolation baffle plate comprises a small isolation baffle plate connected with the anode shell and a large isolation baffle plate connected with the full-cavity coupling structure shell.
The working principle of the cascade relativistic magnetron of the invention is as follows: high-frequency electromagnetic fields are transmitted into adjacent magnetrons from one magnetron through a full-cavity coupling structure, and electromagnetic resonance frequency synchronization and high-frequency electromagnetic field phase locking in the two tubes are achieved.
For any high-frequency system of a relativistic magnetron, axial energy extraction can be realized by 2 adjacent resonant cavities at the bottom through 1 path of fan-shaped waveguide cavity through 2 coupling gaps at the bottom, and the whole-cavity extraction technology can make the radial structure of the whole tube compact on the premise of ensuring that the output power is not changed.
The sector waveguide cavity has a sufficient length in the axial direction as a coupling passage between the two high-frequency systems to synchronize the phases of the high-frequency electromagnetic fields between the two high-frequency systems. The central annular columnar isolation structure is used as a tuning structure, the coupling degree between two high-frequency systems can be tuned, and the cascade relativistic magnetron meets the phase-locking condition.
The two ends of the 4 fan-shaped waveguide cavities are respectively provided with an extraction structure, and 8 paths of microwave output are realized through the fan-rectangular linear transition structure and the rectangular waveguide.
For the 8-resonant cavity full-cavity cascade relativistic magnetron, when the magnetron works in a pi mode, a high-frequency electromagnetic field in a high-frequency system realizes phase-locked operation through a full-cavity coupling structure, and high-power microwaves with consistent amplitude and phase are output through 8 rectangular waveguides.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: (1) the adjacent anode vanes in the cascade magnetron can have larger spacing, thereby avoiding the jump of the working mode and improving the mode purity. (2) The full cavity structure provides enough anode end space with larger anode distance on the premise of ensuring stronger coupling degree between tubes, and solves the problems of pulse shortening, frequency drift, efficiency reduction and the like caused by plasma generated by explosive emission in an interaction region. (3) The anode axial distance is large enough, so that the problem that the output structure distance between adjacent tubes is too close is solved, the flexibility of structural design is improved, and the practicality of the cascade phase-locked relativistic magnetron is facilitated. (4) The full-cavity coupling structure simultaneously realizes the cascade phase locking and the axial energy extraction, provides the radial compactness,
drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an overall structure of an axial cascade relativistic magnetron with frequency and phase locking in a full-cavity coupling structure according to an embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of an axial cascade relativistic magnetron with frequency and phase locking in a full-cavity coupling structure according to an embodiment;
FIG. 3 is a transverse cross-sectional view of a magnetron of an axial cascade relativistic magnetron frequency and phase locked with a full cavity coupling structure of an embodiment;
FIG. 4 is a detailed diagram of an axial cascade relativistic magnetron with frequency and phase locking in a full-cavity coupling structure according to an embodiment;
FIG. 5 is a dimension labeled diagram of an axial cascade relativistic magnetron with frequency locking and phase locking of a full-cavity coupling structure of the embodiment;
FIG. 6 is a graph of the output signal power of an axial cascade relativistic magnetron with frequency and phase locking in a full-cavity coupling structure;
FIG. 7 is a graph of the output signal spectrum of an axial cascade relativistic magnetron with frequency and phase locking in a full-cavity coupling structure.
Description of reference numerals: 1. cathode structure, 2, anode structure, 3, full cavity coupling structure, 4, axial output structure, 5, fan-shaped waveguide cavity, 11, cathode connecting rod, 12, cathode electron emission structure, 13, cathode end cap, 21, anode blade, 22, anode shell, 23, rear end closed surface, 24, front end face, 31, full cavity coupling structure shell, 32, fan-shaped inserted sheet, 33, big separation blade, 34, little separation blade, 41, rectangular waveguide, 42, linear transition structure, 51, annular column isolation structure.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to specific embodiments for better illustrating the objects, advantages and technical idea of the present invention. It should be noted that the specific examples given below serve only to explain the present invention in detail, and do not limit the present invention.
Fig. 1 to 5 are schematic structural diagrams of an axial cascade relativistic magnetron with a frequency locking and phase locking structure in a full-cavity coupling structure according to the present embodiment, and the magnetron includes 2 axially cascaded high-frequency systems with the same structure.
The input end of the axially cascaded high-frequency system is provided with a front end face with a central opening radius of 18mm, and a cylindrical front end part space is formed between the front end face and the adjacent anode blade; the tail end of the axially cascaded high-frequency system is provided with a rear end closed surface, and a cylindrical rear end part space is formed between the rear end closed surface and the adjacent anode blade; axial length h of front and rear end spacesESIs 21 mm.
The high-frequency system is of an 8-cavity same-cavity structure; comprises a cathode, an anode and a coupling gap.
The cathode comprises a cathode connecting rod, a cathode electron emission structure and a cathode end cap; the cathode electron emission structure is arranged at the central position of the inner cavity of the anode shell and is coaxial with the anode shell; the cathode end caps comprise 2 cylindrical end caps which are symmetrically arranged at two ends of the cathode electron emission structure; and the cathode electron emission structure and the cathode end caps and the adjacent cathode end caps of the high-frequency system are fixedly connected through cathode connecting rods. Outer radius R of the cathode end capCAPIs 9mm, axial length hCAP5mm, the distance h between the facing end faces of two cathode end caps in the same high-frequency systemcIs 60 mm; the outer radius R of the cathode electron emission structurecIs 9mm, axial length heIs 40 mm; spacing h between facing end faces of cathode end caps in adjacent high-frequency systemsL82.9 mm; radius R of the cathode connecting rodACCIs 5 mm.
The anode comprises a cylindrical anode shell and 8 fan-shaped anode blades which are uniformly distributed in the anode shell along the circumference, wherein a fan-shaped cavity between every two adjacent fan-shaped anode blades is a resonant cavity.
Anode casing inner radius RvIs 40mm, and has an outer radius RSWSIs 42 mm; axial length h of anode vanea60mm, inner radius RaIs 18 mm; opening angle of anode blade
20 deg. g, resonator opening angle
Was 25 deg.
The coupling gaps comprise 8 rectangular gaps which are arranged on the anode shell at equal intervals, and one resonant cavity corresponds to one rectangular gap and couples and outputs energy in the resonant cavity; the axial length of the rectangular gap is 60mm, and the opening angle of the rectangular gap is 60mm
Was 8 deg.
The anode shells of two adjacent high-frequency systems are axially connected, and the inner wall of the joint is provided with an annular columnar isolation structure; the center of the annular columnar isolation structure is a cylindrical cavity, and the cathode connecting rod penetrates through the cylindrical cavity to be connected with the cathode end caps of the two high-frequency systems. The axial length of the annular columnar isolation structure is hd40mm and the radius of the inner cylindrical cavity is 40 mm.
A cylindrical full-cavity coupling structure shell is coaxially arranged on the outer side of the anode shell; an annular columnar cavity between the full-cavity coupling structure shell and the anode shell is divided into 4 fan-shaped waveguide cavities with the same size through 4 fan-shaped inserting pieces; two ends of the fan-shaped waveguide cavity are symmetrically provided with linear transition structures, and the other end of each linear transition structure is connected with the rectangular waveguide; the coupling slot radially couples the energy in the resonant cavity to 4 fan-shaped waveguide cavities, and finally outputs from 8 rectangular waveguides. The axial length of the full-cavity structure shell is 318.9mm, and the inner radius RTIs 72 mm; the axial length of the fan-shaped inserting piece is the same as that of the full-cavity structure shell, and the central angle is
Is 20 deg; central angle of 4 fan-shaped waveguide cavities divided by fan-shaped inserting pieces
Is 70 deg; the rectangular waveThe waveguide is a rectangular waveguide for axial transmission, the length a of the wide side of the cross section of the cavity in the rectangular waveguide is 72mm, the length b of the narrow side is 30mm, and the axial length hWGIs 50 mm; the linear transition structure is a structure which is linearly gradually changed from a fan shape to a rectangle, and the axial length h of the linear transition structure isMCIs 80 mm.
And a small isolation baffle sheet connected with the anode shell and a large isolation baffle sheet connected with the full-cavity coupling structure shell are arranged at the axial center of the fan-shaped waveguide cavity, and the coupling degree between two adjacent high-frequency systems is changed by adjusting the fan-shaped isolation baffle sheets. Axial length h of large and small separation bladeswIs 2 mm; inner radius R of large isolation baffleWoIs 67mm, and the outer radius R of the small separation baffleWiIs 47 mm.
A full-cavity coupling cascade phase-locked relativistic magnetron with the working frequency of 3.26GHz is simulated and realized according to the embodiment. 6-7, under the conditions that the working voltage is 450kV and the axial guiding magnetic field is 0.52T, the adjacent cascaded magnetrons realize phase locking at the moment of 7 ns.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and all technical solutions belonging to the idea of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. An axial cascade relativistic magnetron based on frequency locking and phase locking of a full-cavity coupling structure comprises a plurality of axially cascaded high-frequency systems with the same structure;
the input end of the axially cascaded high-frequency system is provided with a front end face with a central opening, and a cylindrical front end part space is formed between the front end face and the adjacent anode blade; the tail end of the axially cascaded high-frequency system is provided with a rear end closed surface, and a cylindrical rear end part space is formed between the rear end closed surface and the adjacent anode blade;
the high-frequency system is of a same-cavity structure and comprises a cathode, an anode and a coupling gap;
the cathode comprises a cathode electron emission structure, a cathode connecting rod and a cathode end cap; the cathode electron emission structure is arranged at the central position of the inner cavity of the anode shell and is coaxial with the anode shell; the cathode end caps comprise 2 cylindrical end caps which are symmetrically arranged at two ends of the cathode electron emission structure; the cathode connecting rod penetrates through a central opening of the front end face to enter the high-frequency system, and the cathode electron emission structure and the cathode end caps as well as the adjacent cathode end caps of the high-frequency system are fixedly connected through the cathode connecting rod;
the anode comprises a cylindrical anode shell and a plurality of fan-shaped anode blades which are uniformly distributed in the anode shell along the circumference, and a fan-shaped cavity between every two adjacent fan-shaped anode blades is a resonant cavity;
the coupling gaps comprise a plurality of rectangular gaps which are arranged on the anode shell at equal intervals, and one resonant cavity corresponds to one rectangular gap and couples and outputs energy in the resonant cavity;
the device is characterized in that anode shells of two adjacent high-frequency systems are axially connected, and the inner wall of the joint is provided with an annular columnar isolation structure; the center of the annular columnar isolation structure is a cylindrical opening, and the cathode connecting rod penetrates through the cylindrical opening to be connected with the cathode end caps of the two high-frequency systems;
a cylindrical full-cavity coupling structure shell is coaxially arranged on the outer side of the anode shell; an annular columnar cavity between the full-cavity coupling structure shell and the anode shell is divided into 4 fan-shaped waveguide cavities with the same size through 4 fan-shaped inserting pieces; two ends of the fan-shaped waveguide cavity are symmetrically provided with linear transition structures, and the other ends of the linear transition structures are connected with the rectangular waveguide;
the coupling slot radially couples the energy in the resonant cavity to 4 fan-shaped waveguide cavities, and finally outputs the energy from 8 rectangular waveguides.
2. The axial cascade relativistic magnetron based on the full-cavity coupling structure frequency locking and phase locking as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fan-shaped isolation barrier is arranged at the axial center position of the fan-shaped waveguide cavity, and the coupling degree between two adjacent high-frequency systems is changed by adjusting the fan-shaped isolation barrier.
3. The axial cascade relativistic magnetron of claim 2 based on full-cavity coupling structure frequency and phase locking, wherein the fan-shaped isolation baffles comprise small isolation baffles connected with the anode casing and large isolation baffles connected with the full-cavity coupling structure casing.
4. The axial cascade relativistic magnetron in accordance with the full-cavity coupling structure based on the frequency locking and the phase locking as claimed in claim 2 or 3, wherein the central angles corresponding to the fan-shaped isolation baffles are the same as the central angles corresponding to the fan-shaped waveguide cavities.
5. The axial cascade relativistic magnetron of claim 4 based on frequency and phase locking of a full-cavity coupling structure, wherein the output direction of the rectangular waveguide is parallel to the axial direction.
6. The axial cascade relativistic magnetron of claim 4 based on full-cavity coupling structure frequency and phase locking, wherein the axial length of the anode vane is haThe distance between the end surfaces of the anode blades of two adjacent high-frequency systems is 0.5ha～3haWherein h isaIs the anode axial height.
7. The axial cascade relativistic magnetron of claim 6, wherein the axial length of the annular cylindrical isolation structure is 0.05ha to 0.3ha, and the radius of the central cylindrical cavity is 0.8Ra～RvWherein R isaIs the anode vane inner radius, RvIs the anode casing inner radius.
8. The axial cascade relativistic magnetron based on full-cavity coupling structure frequency locking and phase locking as claimed in claim 4, wherein the central angle corresponding to the fan-shaped waveguide cavity is 50 deg-85 deg; the difference between the inner radius and the outer radius is 0.1-1 times of the working wavelength.
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| CN113488363A (en) * | 2021-07-06 | 2021-10-08 | 电子科技大学 | TE (time-out) device11Relativistic magnetron with mode output |
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| CN113488363A (en) * | 2021-07-06 | 2021-10-08 | 电子科技大学 | TE (time-out) device11Relativistic magnetron with mode output |
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| CN114664616B (en) | 2023-05-23 |
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