CN114660917B - Free-field infrared digital holographic imaging method based on Transformer model - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a step one of constructing a real sample data set collection system; step two, collecting a real sample data set of the Transformer model; step three, training set generation and Transformer model construction; fourthly, eliminating background noise based on a Transformer model and fusing and splicing images; and step five, dynamically recording the long time axis of the sample. The invention has the advantages that: the method has the advantages that the focusing distance judgment accuracy can be effectively improved, the obvious crease existing in the final synthesized main view field amplitude image and main view field phase image is eliminated, and the high-resolution main view field amplitude image and the main view field phase image without the obvious crease in a period of continuous time are shot.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of infrared digital holographic imaging, in particular to a free-field infrared digital holographic imaging method based on Transformer model error correction.
Background
The infrared band is outside the visible band, so that the infrared band has good application prospect in the imaging field due to different penetrability to different substances, and the digital holographic technology has unique advantage in imaging a plurality of focusing layers of a specific target sample due to a simple imaging structure and a flexible data processing mode. The Transformer model Is the seq2seq model proposed in the paper Attention Is All You Need published by *** at the end of 2017. The feature of the transducer seq2seq model is that a lot of attention layers are used in the model. The Transformer model now also shows very satisfactory results in computer vision. In the traditional imaging process, the problem that the focusing distance judgment accuracy is low and obvious creases exist in a final synthesized main view field amplitude image and a final synthesized main view field phase image exists, the training and the recognition of infrared digital holographic imaging are realized through a Transformer model, and the free view field infrared digital holographic imaging technology based on the Transformer model correction can be realized by combining the advantages of the Transformer model and the main view field phase image.
The existing free visual field infrared digital holographic imaging method has the following defects: the accuracy of judging the focusing distance is low, and obvious creases exist in the final synthesized main view field amplitude image and the main view field phase image, so that the image quality is seriously influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a free-field infrared digital holographic imaging method based on a Transformer model. The problem of focus distance judge the precision low and the final main visual field amplitude image of synthesizing and main visual field phase place image have obvious crease is solved.
In order to realize the purpose of the invention, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a free-field infrared digital holographic imaging method based on a Transformer model comprises the following steps:
step one, constructing a real sample data set collection system;
the collection system includes: tunable laser light source 1, protection silver membrane reflective collimator 2, two-dimensional electronic translation platform 3, sample rotary translation platform 4, infrared pyroelectric detector 5 and detector two-dimensional translation platform 6.
The tunable laser light source 1 is used for emitting infrared laser and is connected to the protective silver film reflective collimator 2 through an optical fiber; the protective silver film reflective collimator 2 is used for coupling infrared laser with maximum efficiency through a sample, and the two-dimensional electric translation stage 3 and the sample rotation translation stage 4 are matched with each other to enable the sample to translate and rotate; the two-dimensional electric translation stage 3 and the sample rotary translation stage 4 are positioned right below the protective silver film reflective collimator 2. The infrared pyroelectric detector 5 is used for receiving infrared laser thermal signals and is positioned under the two-dimensional electric translation table 3. The detector two-dimensional translation table 6 is positioned below the infrared pyroelectric detector 5 and can enable the infrared pyroelectric detector 5 to translate.
And step two, a real sample data set collection process of the transform model is carried out, sample data acquisition is completed through a free-field-of-view infrared digital holographic imaging system, the slide glass coated with the sample is placed on a two-dimensional electric translation table 3 on a sample rotation translation table 4, the horizontal scanning times C, the longitudinal scanning times Z, the scanning path and the stepping distance of the two-dimensional electric translation table 3 are set, and the rotation times X, the clockwise direction and the stepping degrees 360/(X + 1) DEG of the sample rotation translation table 4 are set. The sample free field hologram collection process adopts a traversing mode, and the infrared pyroelectric detector 5 collects C +1 sub-field holograms through C times of horizontal movement. And then the two-dimensional electric translation stage 3 completes longitudinal movement Z times, translates to the initial row position every time of longitudinal movement, and repeats horizontal movement scanning C times. And then, the sample rotation translation stage 4 finishes X times of rotation scanning, and horizontal movement scanning and longitudinal movement scanning are carried out on each rotation displacement, so that (X + 1) × (Z + 1) × (C + 1) sub-field holograms are collected.
And thirdly, generating a training set and constructing a Transformer model, simulating a hologram record and a reconstruction process through a computer to obtain a corresponding training set, simulating according to a simulation sample to obtain a simulation sub-field-of-view hologram, and preprocessing, wherein the preprocessing process comprises the operations of adding different levels of noise, rotating an image and stretching the image to the simulation sub-field-of-view hologram. Converting the preprocessed image of the sub-field hologram into a data set form to obtain a training set which is composed of simulation data and used for reconstructing the sub-field hologram, setting a self-attention layer and a multi-head attention layer in a Transformer model and packing the self-attention layer and the multi-head attention layer into a matrix Q, packing keys and values into matrixes K and V, wherein a matrix calculation formula is as follows:
MultiHead(Q,K,V)＝Concat(head 1 ,...,head n )W O
head i ＝Attention(QW i Q ,KW i K ,VW i V )
the softmax function is to take values in the matrix according to a certain weight, the Concat function is to connect all the internal matrices, train the preprocessed data set to obtain a classified result, and realize the focusing distance judgment of the reconstructed amplitude diagram and phase diagram of the sub-field. And finally, (X + 1) ((Z + 1) ((C + 1)) pieces of sub-field holograms in the step one are used as input layers, and (X + 1) ((Z + 1) ((C + 1)) pieces of optimized sub-field amplitude images and sub-field phase images are obtained on the output layers.
And fourthly, performing background noise elimination and image fusion splicing process based on a Transformer model, training a smoothing algorithm based on the principle of the Transformer model, eliminating small errors when the two-dimensional electric translation stage 3 and the sample rotary translation stage 4 are displaced by the smoothing algorithm, and calibrating the background noise of the sub-field-of-view holograms at different positions to the same level. And the smoothing algorithm is used for carrying out normalization processing on the subfield images. And (2) carrying out image segmentation by using the (X + 1) ((Z + 1)) (C + 1) processed sub-field amplitude images and sub-field phase images in the second step, adding random noise interference in the segmentation process, obtaining a training set according to the data processing method in the second step, setting a self-attention layer and a multi-head attention layer of a transform model according to the method in the second step, realizing splicing and restoring of the sub-field images in the training set, obtaining an optimal background noise value, eliminating displacement errors generated by the two-dimensional sample electric translation stage and the sample rotary translation stage, and obtaining a normalized result. And finally, taking the (X + 1) (Z + 1) ((C + 1)) processed sub-field amplitude images and sub-field phase images in the second step as input layers, and obtaining the intensity-calibrated and smoothed main field amplitude images and main field phase images on the output layers.
And step five, dynamically recording the sample long time axis, realizing the whole process, recording and time information calibration of the sample image through the step two, and realizing the complete display of the object change holographic information in a long time through the stacking of the main view field holograms obtained in the step four according to the time sequence.
Preferably, in the process of stacking in time sequence in the fifth step, the time gap may be set to take one sub-field amplitude map and one sub-field phase map every N1, and record N2 hours, so as to realize N3 main field amplitude maps and main field phase maps in total in the long time axis within N2 hours. Wherein N1, N2 and N3 are all integer parameters which can be set.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
the method can effectively improve the judgment accuracy of the focusing distance, eliminate obvious creases in the final synthesized main view field amplitude image and main view field phase image, and shoot the main view field amplitude image and the main view field phase image which have high resolution and do not have obvious creases in a period of continuous time.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a free-field infrared digital holographic imaging method according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a real sample data set collection system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an image collected by a real sample data set collection system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings by way of examples.
As shown in fig. 1, a method for free-field infrared digital holographic imaging based on a Transformer model includes the following steps:
step one, as shown in fig. 2, a real sample dataset collection system is constructed, the collection system comprising: the device comprises a 1550nm tunable laser light source 1, a protective silver film reflective collimator 2, a two-dimensional electric translation table 3, a sample rotation translation table 4, an infrared pyroelectric detector 5 and a detector two-dimensional translation table 6.
The tunable laser light source 1 is used for emitting infrared laser and is connected to the protective silver film reflective collimator 2 through an optical fiber; the protective silver film reflective collimator 2 is used for coupling infrared laser with maximum efficiency through a sample, and the two-dimensional electric translation stage 3 and the sample rotation translation stage 4 are matched with each other to enable the sample to translate and rotate; the two-dimensional electric translation stage 3 and the sample rotation translation stage 4 are positioned right below the protective silver film reflective collimator 2. The infrared pyroelectric detector 5 is used for receiving infrared laser thermal signals and is positioned under the two-dimensional electric translation table 3. The detector two-dimensional translation table 6 is positioned below the infrared pyroelectric detector 5 and can enable the infrared pyroelectric detector 5 to translate.
And step two, a real sample data set collection process of the transform model is carried out, sample data acquisition is completed through a free-field infrared digital holographic imaging system, the glass slide coated with the sample is placed on a two-dimensional electric translation table 3 of a sample rotation translation table 4, the two-dimensional electric translation table 3 is set to have two horizontal scanning times, two longitudinal scanning times, a scanning path and a stepping distance, and the sample rotation translation table 4 is set to have three rotation times, a clockwise rotation direction and 90 degrees of stepping degrees. The sample free field hologram acquisition process adopts a traversing mode, and the infrared pyroelectric detector 5 acquires three sub-field holograms through two times of horizontal movement. And then the two-dimensional electric translation stage 3 completes longitudinal movement twice, translates to the initial position every time of longitudinal movement, and repeats horizontal movement scanning twice. And then, completing rotational scanning 3 times by the sample rotational translation stage 4, and performing horizontal movement scanning and longitudinal movement scanning on each rotational displacement to acquire 4 × 3 sub-field holograms.
And thirdly, generating a training set and constructing a Transformer model, simulating a hologram record and a reconstruction process through a computer to obtain a corresponding training set, simulating according to a simulation sample to obtain a simulation sub-field-of-view hologram, and preprocessing, wherein the preprocessing process comprises the operations of adding different levels of noise, rotating an image and stretching the image to the simulation sub-field-of-view hologram. Converting the preprocessed image of the sub-field hologram into a data set form to obtain a training set which is composed of simulation data and used for reconstructing the sub-field hologram, setting a self-attention layer and a multi-head attention layer in a Transformer model and packing the self-attention layer and the multi-head attention layer into a matrix Q, packing keys and values into matrixes K and V, wherein a matrix calculation formula is as follows:
MultiHead(Q,K,V)＝Concat(head 1 ,...,head n )W O
head i ＝Attention(QW i Q ,KW i K ,VW i V )
the softmax function is to take values in the matrix according to a certain weight, the Concat function is to connect all the internal matrices, train the preprocessed data set to obtain a classified result, and realize the focusing distance judgment of the reconstructed amplitude diagram and phase diagram of the sub-field. And finally, taking 4 × 3 subfields holograms in the step one as an input layer, and obtaining 4 × 3 optimized subfields amplitude images and subfields phase images on an output layer.
And fourthly, the background noise elimination and image fusion splicing process based on the transform model is limited by the low sensitivity of the infrared detector and the movement error of the translation stage, and the background noise of the images collected at different positions has certain difference, so that the image quality is very low, and the target to be detected cannot be clearly identified. After the sub-field holograms are synthesized into the main field hologram, obvious creases exist at the junctions of the sub-field holograms in the image. The smoothing algorithm is trained through a principle based on a Transformer model, and because the two-dimensional electric translation stage 3 and the sample rotary translation stage 4 can not necessarily rotate to accurate positions when moving, the two-dimensional electric translation stage 3 and the sample rotary translation stage 4 can generate small errors, the algorithm can eliminate the small errors, the background noise of the sub-field-of-view holograms at different positions is calibrated to the same level, and the image quality is enhanced while the image splitting sense is eliminated. Because the intensity of the sub-field hologram is different due to the fact that the sample is located at different positions, the algorithm can perform normalization processing on the sub-field image. And (3) carrying out image segmentation by using the 4 × 3 processed sub-field amplitude images and the sub-field phase images in the second step, adding random noise interference in the segmentation process, obtaining a training set according to the data processing method in the second step, setting a self-attention layer and a multi-head attention layer of a transform model according to the method in the second step, realizing splicing and restoring of the sub-field images in the training set, solving an optimal background noise value, eliminating displacement errors generated by the two-dimensional sample electric translation stage and the two-dimensional sample rotary translation stage, and obtaining a normalized result. And finally, taking the 4 × 3 processed sub-field amplitude images and the sub-field phase images in the second step as input layers, and obtaining the main field amplitude images and the main field phase images which are smooth after intensity calibration on the output layers.
And step five, dynamically recording the long time axis of the sample, realizing the whole process, recording and time information calibration of the sample image through the step two, and realizing the complete display of the object change holographic information in a long time through the stacking of the main view field holograms obtained in the step four according to the time sequence, wherein in the process of stacking according to the time sequence, the time interval can be set to shoot a sub view field amplitude diagram and a sub view field phase diagram every 5s, and recording for 5 hours, so that the total 100 main view field amplitude diagrams and main view field phase diagrams in the 5-hour long time axis are realized.
It will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art that the examples described herein are intended to assist the reader in understanding the practice of the invention, and it is to be understood that the scope of the invention is not limited to such specific statements and examples. Those skilled in the art can make various other specific changes and combinations based on the teachings of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the invention, and these changes and combinations are within the scope of the invention.
Claims (2)
1. A free field of view infrared digital holographic imaging method based on a Transformer model is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, constructing a real sample data set collection system;
the collection system includes: the device comprises a tunable laser light source (1), a protective silver film reflective collimator (2), a two-dimensional electric translation table (3), a sample rotation translation table (4), an infrared pyroelectric detector (5) and a detector two-dimensional translation table (6);
the tunable laser light source (1) is used for emitting infrared laser and is connected to the protective silver film reflective collimator (2) through an optical fiber; the protective silver film reflective collimator (2) is used for coupling infrared laser with maximum efficiency through a sample, and the two-dimensional electric translation table (3) and the sample rotation translation table (4) are matched with each other to enable the sample to translate and rotate; the two-dimensional electric translation stage (3) and the sample rotation translation stage (4) are positioned right below the protective silver film reflective collimator (2); the infrared pyroelectric detector (5) is used for receiving infrared laser thermal signals and is positioned right below the two-dimensional electric translation table (3); the detector two-dimensional translation table (6) is positioned below the infrared pyroelectric detector (5) and can enable the infrared pyroelectric detector (5) to translate;
step two, a real sample data set collection process of a transform model is carried out, sample data acquisition is completed through a free-field infrared digital holographic imaging system, a slide glass coated with a sample is placed on a two-dimensional electric translation table (3) on a sample rotation translation table (4), the horizontal scanning times C, the longitudinal scanning times Z, a scanning path and a stepping distance of the two-dimensional electric translation table (3) are set, the rotation times X, the clockwise direction and the stepping degrees 360/(X + 1) °of the sample rotation translation table (4) are set, a traversing mode is adopted in the sample free-field hologram collection process, C +1 sub-field holograms are collected through C horizontal movement, and an infrared pyroelectric detector (5) collects C +1 sub-field holograms; then the two-dimensional electric translation stage (3) completes longitudinal movement for Z times, each time the longitudinal movement is translated to the initial position, C times of horizontal movement scanning are repeated, then the sample rotation translation stage (4) completes rotation scanning for X times, each time the rotation displacement is performed with horizontal movement scanning and longitudinal movement scanning, and (X + 1) (Z + 1) ((C + 1)) sub-field holograms are collected together;
step three, training set generation and a Transformer model construction process, a corresponding training set is obtained through computer simulation hologram recording and reconstruction processes, a simulation sub-field-of-view hologram is obtained according to simulation sample simulation and is preprocessed, and the preprocessing process comprises operations of adding different levels of noise, image rotation and image stretching to the simulation sub-field-of-view hologram; converting the preprocessed image of the sub-field hologram into a data set form to obtain a training set which is composed of simulation data and used for reconstructing the sub-field hologram, setting a self-attention layer and a multi-head attention layer in a Transformer model and packing the self-attention layer and the multi-head attention layer into a matrix Q, packing keys and values into matrixes K and V, wherein a matrix calculation formula is as follows:
MultiHead(Q,K,V)＝Concat(head 1 ,...,head n )W O
head i ＝Attention(QW i Q ,KW i K ,VW i V )
the softmax function is to take values in the matrix according to a certain weight, the Concat function is to connect all the internal matrices, train the preprocessed data set to obtain a classified result, and judge the focusing distance of the reconstructed amplitude diagram and phase diagram of the sub-field; finally, (X + 1) ((Z + 1) ((C + 1)) pieces of sub-field holograms in the step one are used as input layers, and (X + 1) ((Z + 1) ((C + 1)) pieces of optimized sub-field amplitude images and sub-field phase images are obtained on output layers;
fourthly, a background noise elimination and image fusion splicing process based on a Transformer model is carried out, a smoothing algorithm is trained through a principle based on the Transformer model, tiny errors generated when the two-dimensional electric translation table (3) and the sample rotation translation table (4) are displaced are eliminated through the smoothing algorithm, and background noises of the sub-field holograms at different positions are calibrated to be at the same level; the smoothing algorithm is used for carrying out normalization processing on the subfield images; performing image segmentation by using (X + 1) (Z + 1) (+ C + 1) processed sub-field amplitude images and sub-field phase images in the second step, adding random noise interference in the segmentation process, obtaining a training set according to the data processing method in the second step, setting a self-attention layer and a multi-head attention layer of a transform model according to the method in the second step, realizing splicing and restoring of the sub-field images in the training set, solving an optimal background noise value, eliminating displacement errors generated by a two-dimensional sample electric translation stage and a sample rotary translation stage, and obtaining a normalized result; finally, (X + 1) ((Z + 1) × (C + 1)) processed sub-field amplitude images and sub-field phase images in the second step are used as input layers, and the main field amplitude images and the main field phase images which are smoothed after intensity calibration are obtained on the output layers;
and step five, dynamically recording the sample long time axis, realizing the whole process, recording and time information calibration of the sample image through the step two, and realizing the complete display of the object change holographic information in a long time through the stacking of the main view field holograms obtained in the step four according to the time sequence.
2. The transform model-based free-field infrared digital holographic imaging method according to claim 1, wherein: in the process of stacking according to the time sequence in the fifth step, the time gap can be set to be one sub-field amplitude diagram and one sub-field phase diagram taken every N1, and N2 hours are recorded, so that N3 main field amplitude diagrams and main field phase diagrams are obtained in total within N2 hours on a long time axis, wherein N1, N2 and N3 are all settable integer parameters.
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| 基于相位拼接的数字全息大视场成像方法研究;张鑫等;《现代电子技术》;20131101;第第36卷卷(第21期);96-99 * |
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