CN114658475A - Gas accurate extraction method based on quantitative optimization of mining-induced fracture field - Google Patents
Gas accurate extraction method based on quantitative optimization of mining-induced fracture field Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for accurately extracting and selecting gas based on quantitative optimization of a mining-induced fracture field, which comprises the steps of carrying out field test; determining the range of a fissure zone according to a field test result; quantitatively representing the mining-induced fracture; constructing a mining-induced fracture fractal interpolation comprehensive evaluation model, and determining an optimal fracture block space coordinate; and accurately positioning the directional long drilling final hole based on fracture field quantification and mining fracture fractal interpolation comprehensive evaluation results. According to the method, based on the mining-induced fracture field quantification, the mining-induced fracture quantitative characterization optimization is realized by constructing a mining-induced fracture fractal interpolation comprehensive evaluation model, the final hole position of the fractured zone gas extraction drill hole is accurately positioned, the directional long drill hole is constructed by combining a flexible active hole protection mode, and the continuous and efficient pressure-relief gas extraction in the fractured zone is realized and guaranteed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of mine engineering, in particular to a gas accurate extraction method based on quantitative optimization of a mining fracture field.
Background
China is a large country of coal resources and is also a large country of coal production and consumption, coal still can be the 'pressed storehouse stone' of the energy of China in the future, and the safe production of coal mines is limited by a plurality of disasters such as gas and the like. Gas extraction of a fractured zone long borehole is one of main technical means for controlling the gas overrun of a coal mine. In the coal seam mining process, overlying strata collapse, move and generate a large number of cracks, so that the pressure relief gas is continuously desorbed from an adsorption state to a free state. Therefore, the method has important significance for researching the distribution and the fine quantification of the mining-induced fracture and realizing the accurate positioning of the gas extraction position in the fracture zone. However, the traditional empirical formula is not enough for calculating and positioning to realize accurate gas extraction in the fractured zone, and meanwhile, the deviation does not occur in the drilling process of the drill hole. At present, two aspects of fracture field fine quantification and flexible hole protection need to be considered, and then accurate, efficient and continuous extraction of pressure relief gas in a fracture zone is realized.
Therefore, the accurate gas extraction method based on the quantitative optimization of the mining fracture field is needed to be developed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for accurately extracting and optimizing gas based on the quantification of a mining fracture field, and the method is used for solving the problems in the prior art.
A method for accurately extracting and selecting gas based on quantitative optimization of a mining fracture field is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) carrying out field test;
2) determining the range of a fracture zone according to a field test result;
3) quantitatively representing the mining-induced fracture;
3.1) constructing a mining-induced fracture block breaking model based on a masonry beam theory, and calculating key parameters of the stope overburden rock fracture;
3.2) combining a similar simulation test, carrying out binarization processing on the mined overlying strata collapse and fracture development images, then carrying out gridding processing, and finally counting mining fracture parameters such as opening, angle, area, frequency and the like;
4) constructing a mining-induced fracture fractal interpolation comprehensive evaluation model, and determining an optimal fracture block space coordinate based on an evaluation result;
4.1) calculating fracture parameter index fractal dimension by adopting the correlation dimension, and constructing a mining fracture fractal interpolation comprehensive evaluation model;
4.2) determining the optimal fracture block space coordinate based on the mining fracture fractal interpolation comprehensive evaluation result;
5) and accurately positioning the directional long drilling final hole based on fracture field quantification and mining fracture fractal interpolation comprehensive evaluation results.
Further, the method for accurately extracting and selecting the gas based on the quantitative optimization of the mining-induced fracture field is characterized in that in the step 1-2), the field test comprises the following steps:
observing the height of a fracture zone by adopting a microseismic monitoring system;
a) arranging a plurality of anchor rods at the top plate of the bottom suction roadway, wherein the installed diameter is 20mm, the upper end heads of the anchor rods enter the top plate rock layer by 5m, the anchor rods are arranged perpendicular to the top plate, and the distance between every two adjacent anchor rods is 48 m;
b) and arranging a microseismic monitoring system for monitoring on site. It is worth to say that the system mainly comprises 4 parts, a sensor (collecting data), a monitoring substation (data acquisition server), a cable transmission system (transmitting the measured data to the industrial ring network in real time), and an industrial control server (data storage terminal, which is responsible for receiving the data transmitted by the industrial ring network); the sensors are arranged on a bottom suction roadway top plate, the sensors are connected to a signal acquisition control port of an underground substation through signal lines, signals are transmitted to a host server terminal arranged on the ground from a main station through an industrial ring network, connection with an underground workstation and data transmission are realized through cables, the distance between the sensors is 48m, and the overall monitoring period is about 15 days to 30 days;
c) after the equipment is transported and installed, monitoring and collecting data, wherein a triggering mode can be adopted, namely, a sensor and acquisition equipment are started, and the monitoring data is transmitted to an underground workstation by a microseismic sensor arranged in a bottom pumping roadway through a cable and then transmitted to a data storage and processing terminal through an optical fiber;
d) after data acquisition, identifying a fracture signal, carrying out waveform identification and calculation, analyzing the density distribution condition of the microseismic event along the trend and the trend of the working surface by drawing a space and energy distribution diagram of the microseismic event, constructing an overburden microseismic event distribution model, and finally obtaining the fracture zone range distribution condition according to the height position of the intensive event.
Further, after data acquisition, firstly carrying out filtering processing, then converting a fracture waveform into a frequency domain diagram from a time domain diagram by utilizing fast Fourier transform, and rapidly identifying a fracture signal; then, carrying out waveform identification, after identifying a rock mass fracture signal, manually picking up the arrival of P waves and S waves to realize the positioning of the rock mass fracture signal and the quantitative calculation of seismic source parameters, identifying an effective rock mass fracture event through waveform characteristics, and filtering the interference of events such as production blasting, mechanical vibration and the like; finally, carrying out quantitative calculation on microseismic events; according to the early-stage data processing result, obtaining the duration time of P waves and S waves and the vibration wave velocity amplitude of a duration time period, extracting various required parameters in an inversion formula to perform inversion operation, and finally determining the seismic source position and the seismic source energy; therefore, a space and energy distribution diagram of the microseismic event is drawn, the density distribution condition of the microseismic event along the trend and the trend of the working surface is analyzed, an overburden microseismic event distribution model is constructed, and finally the fracture zone range distribution condition is obtained according to the height position of the intensive event.
Further, in the step 3.1), the building of the mining-induced fracture block fracture model based on the masonry beam theory and the calculation of key parameters of the stope overlying strata fracture comprise:
based on a masonry beam theory, the area calculation formula of the delamination fracture can be obtained through circular iterative calculation by using a mining-induced fracture block breaking model as follows:
in the formula: sn,i,i-1Is the area of the iteration triangle; p is a radical of formulan,i,i-1Half the length of three sides in the iterative triangle; bn,i,i-1Is the AC side length in the iteration triangle; a isn,i,i-1The side length of BC in the iteration triangle is taken as the side length of BC; l is the block length;
the fracture area calculation formula is as follows:
in the formula: s'n,i,i-1Is the area of the iteration triangle; theta1,1Setting an included angle between a first block body at the edge of a goaf of a first layer of rock stratum in a mining-induced fracture area and the horizontal direction; f is the block width;
it is worth to be noted that two crack area distribution rules can be calculated through the two formulas, and Matlab programming is adopted to realize visualization of crack area distribution; the method mainly comprises the following steps: inputting the length and the width of a block model, calculating the fracture area, and then performing normalization processing by adopting a method of dividing the fracture area of each position by the maximum fracture area to obtain dimensionless fracture area distribution; overburden bed separation and fracture are suitable for the method.
Further, in step 4.1), the fracture parameter index fractal dimension is calculated by adopting the correlation dimension, and a mining fracture fractal interpolation comprehensive evaluation model is constructed, including:
a) preprocessing the mining-induced fracture evaluation index data to eliminate index dimension and unify the change direction of the index;
taking the fracture opening, angle, area and frequency in the mining-induced fracture parameters as mining-induced fracture evaluation indexes, and carrying out normalization treatment on the indexes;
b) establishing a multi-dimensional phase space;
c) calculating the distance and the average distance between two points in each dimension phase space;
d) calculating the probability that the distance between two points in each dimension of the phase space is less than or equal to the distance upper limit;
e) if the fractal exists, calculating a result;
f) and constructing a mining fracture fractal interpolation comprehensive evaluation model according to the calculated fractal dimension result of each index.
Further, in step 4.2), determining an optimal fracture block space coordinate based on the mining fracture fractal interpolation comprehensive evaluation result includes:
the mining fracture is regarded as a fractal set, and the internal parameters of the fractal set consist of various evaluation indexes; for the index with higher correlation degree, the larger the influence of the index on the comprehensive evaluation of the mining-induced fracture is, namely the larger the fractal dimension is, the more important the index represents the mining-induced fracture evaluation index; and then carrying out comprehensive evaluation based on the mining fracture fractal interpolation comprehensive evaluation model, obtaining a plurality of fracture parameter coordinates according to the evaluation result, and further determining a plurality of fracture block space coordinates.
Further, in the step 5), the accurately positioning the directional long drilling final hole based on the fracture field quantization and mining fracture fractal interpolation comprehensive evaluation result comprises:
a) determining a collapse angle of the whole rock stratum;
determining a roof caving angle according to results of the simulation experiment and the numerical simulation experiment; the drilling arrangement is generally inside the caving corner;
b) determining collapse steps of different rock stratums;
calculating by adopting a masonry beam structure displacement function;
c) selecting a reasonable layer and a reasonable rib distance, and accurately positioning the arrangement position of the drill holes;
based on the fracture field quantification and mining fracture fractal interpolation comprehensive evaluation results, obtaining a plurality of fracture parameter coordinates after evaluation optimization, and further determining a plurality of fracture block space coordinates; but still need to be corrected in conjunction with the geological histogram. It is worth explaining that directional long drill holes are prevented from being arranged on the weak rock stratum, and after correction, reasonable horizons and reasonable slope distances of the arrangement positions are determined, so that accurate positioning of the arrangement positions of the drill holes is realized;
d) optimizing the arrangement position of the drill holes;
arranging one more drill hole at the same layer to verify the effectiveness of the optimized drill hole arrangement position, comparing results, and screening and avoiding partial areas with poor gas extraction effect by combining the drill site concentration and flow in the field gas extraction related data; and further accurately mining directional long drilling hole design parameters of the fractured zone to obtain the optimized gas extraction drilling hole distribution position.
Further, in the step 5), after the final hole of the directional long drill hole is accurately positioned, a construction drill site is arranged in the working face crossheading, and the directional long drill hole is constructed in a flexible active hole protection mode.
Further, after the position of the directional long drilling final hole is determined, a plurality of drilling construction drill sites are arranged in the working face crossheading for pre-mining, and directional long drilling is constructed in the drill sites along the reverse mining direction of the working face according to the outburst prevention design of the working face;
the directional long drilling hole comprises a hole sealing section, a layer penetrating hole section and an extraction hole section; the hole sealing section is communicated to the lower end of the layer penetrating hole section from the coal seam drilling field of the working face; the layer penetrating hole section is positioned between the coal layer on the working surface and the roof fissure zone; the track of the through-layer hole section is a curve; the extraction hole section is positioned in the top plate fracture zone; the extraction hole section is communicated with the upper end of the layer penetrating hole section; and (3) constructing directional long drill holes by adopting a drilling tool system and a flexible hole protection system.
Further, the drilling system comprises a drill bit and a drill rod; the drill bit is arranged at the head end of the drill rod; the drill bit has a central bore; the central pore canal is communicated with the inner cavity of the drill rod; the flexible hole protection system comprises a front end fixing device, a flexible water injection supporting pipe and a flexible hole protection bracket;
the pipe wall of the flexible water injection supporting pipe is provided with a water injection hole; the head end of the flexible water injection supporting pipe is fixedly connected with a front end fixing device, and the tail end of the flexible water injection supporting pipe is communicated with a hydraulic pump; the front end fixing device is provided with a supporting claw; the supporting claw adopts a pressure spring structure; the flexible water injection supporting pipe is arranged in the inner cavity of the drill rod; the front end fixing device is arranged in a central hole of the drill bit; the supporting claw of the front end fixing device is clamped with the inner wall of the central pore passage;
the flexible hole-protecting support is a net sleeve structure; the flexible hole-protecting support comprises a plurality of annular supporting tubes which are sequentially arranged along the longitudinal direction; each annular supporting tube comprises a plurality of unit waves which are sequentially arranged along the circumferential direction; two adjacent annular supporting tubes are symmetrically distributed in a mirror manner; two opposite wave crests of two adjacent annular supporting tubes are fixedly connected; the inner cavities of two adjacent annular supporting tubes are communicated; the inner cavities of the plurality of annular supporting tubes form a pipe network structure;
in a non-working state, the flexible hole-protecting bracket in a compact state is sleeved on the pipe body of the flexible water injection supporting pipe; the water injection hole is communicated with the inner cavity of the pipe network of the flexible hole-protecting bracket; when the flexible hole protecting system works, the drilling tool system conveys the flexible hole protecting system to a preset part; the flexible hole-protecting support sleeve and the flexible water injection support pipe in the contracted state can deflect directionally along with drilling; then the front end fixing device extends out of the central hole of the drill bit; the supporting hook claw is unfolded and embedded into the coal seam on the inner wall of the drill hole; withdrawing the drilling tool system; the hydraulic pump injects high-pressure water into the flexible water injection supporting pipe; the flexible hole-protecting support is pressurized, expanded and expanded to support the directional long drill hole; the flexible hole protecting support is fully expanded at the outer arc part of the bent end, and the inner arc is not fully expanded, so that the flexible hole protecting support is fully attached to the wall of a drilled hole, and the active hole protecting of the bent end is realized.
Further, the tail end of the flexible support is connected with a hole sealing sleeve, and the diameter of the sleeve is slightly larger than that of the shrinkage support; after the support is unfolded, performing short-term hole sealing on clay in the hole sealing sleeve, performing permanent hole sealing on the sleeve by using concrete, connecting a gas extraction pipe, and performing gas extraction;
after the extraction reaches the standard, the flexible hole protection system is recovered; and stopping injecting high-pressure water into the flexible support, after the support rebounds after pressure relief and recovers to a shrinkage state, disconnecting the connection between the sleeve and the gas extraction pipe, breaking short-term hole sealing in the hole sealing sleeve, taking the flexible support and the water injection supporting pipe out of the hole sealing sleeve, realizing recovery of the flexible hole protection system, and carrying out permanent hole sealing on the drilled hole.
The technical effects of the invention are undoubted:
A. based on the mining-induced fracture fractal interpolation comprehensive evaluation model, the quantified mining-induced fracture parameters are comprehensively evaluated, and the quantitative characterization optimization of the mining-induced fracture is realized;
B. the mining fracture is a channel for migration of the pressure-relief gas, and based on mining fracture quantification, the position of a final hole of a gas extraction drill hole in the fractured zone is accurately positioned, the arrangement of the drill hole is optimized, and accurate and efficient extraction of the pressure-relief gas in the fractured zone is facilitated;
C. the accurate positioning of the directional long drilling final hole position of the fractured zone based on the fracture field quantification is combined with flexible active hole protection, so that the continuous high efficiency of pressure relief gas extraction of the fractured zone is guaranteed.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a gas accurate extraction method based on quantitative optimization of a mining fracture field;
FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart of an embodiment of the present invention for the method of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a simulation test apparatus;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a microseismic system architecture;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a theoretical model of a mining-induced fractured mass and a calculation result;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a flexible hole-protecting system for directional long drilling;
fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the flexible hole guard for directional long drilling.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, but it should not be construed that the scope of the above-described subject matter is limited to the following examples. Various substitutions and alterations can be made without departing from the technical idea of the invention and the scope of the invention is covered by the present invention according to the common technical knowledge and the conventional means in the field.
Example 1:
the embodiment provides a gas accurate extraction method based on quantitative optimization of a mining fracture field, which comprises the following steps:
1) carrying out field test;
2) determining the range of a fissure zone according to a field test result;
3) quantitatively representing the mining-induced fracture (combining theoretical analysis and similar simulation to obtain mining-induced fracture parameters):
3.1) constructing a mining-induced fracture block breaking model based on a masonry beam theory, and calculating key parameters of the stope overburden rock fracture;
3.2) combining a similar simulation test, carrying out binarization processing on the mined overlying strata collapse and fracture development images, then carrying out gridding processing, and finally counting mining fracture parameters such as opening, angle, area, frequency and the like;
4) constructing a mining-induced fracture fractal interpolation comprehensive evaluation model, and determining an optimal fracture block space coordinate based on an evaluation result;
4.1) calculating fracture parameter index fractal dimension by adopting the correlation dimension, and constructing a mining fracture fractal interpolation comprehensive evaluation model;
4.2) determining the optimal fracture block space coordinate based on the mining fracture fractal interpolation comprehensive evaluation result;
5) and accurately positioning the final hole of the directional long drill hole based on the fracture field quantification and mining fracture fractal interpolation comprehensive evaluation result.
Example 2:
the main structure of the embodiment is the same as that of embodiment 1, and further, in step 5), after the final hole of the directional long drilled hole is accurately positioned, a construction drill site is arranged in a working face crossheading, and the directional long drilled hole is constructed in a flexible active hole protection mode.
Example 3:
the main structure of the embodiment is the same as that of embodiment 1, wherein, step 2) comprehensively determines the fracture zone range according to an empirical formula, a similar simulation, a numerical simulation and a field test, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
2.1) calculating the height of a fracture zone by an empirical formula;
in the formula, HliIs the fissure zone height, m; sigma M is the thickness of the accumulated mining coal bed, M;
2.2) obtaining the height of a fissure zone by similar simulation;
referring to fig. 3, according to on-site coal rock stratum physical and mechanical parameters, based on a similar theory and based on actual geological conditions of a working surface, a rotatable similar simulation test bed is adopted to research the evolution law of the mining-induced fracture field, so as to obtain the height of a fracture zone and the mining-induced fracture distribution characteristics;
2.3) obtaining the height of a fractured zone through numerical simulation;
simulating the development evolution law of the mining fracture by adopting 3DEC software, and constructing a corresponding numerical model to research the development characteristics of the overlying strata fracture after mining; designing a model into a three-dimensional model, setting the size of the model according to the size of a coal seam in an equal ratio, and obtaining the distance between the top of the model and the earth surface according to actual measurement; limiting the generation of displacement in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction at the bottom of the coal bed model, namely enabling the displacement of the model in the vertical direction only at the speed of 0, wherein the model bears vertical stress, and the stress is determined by the gravity acceleration, the thickness and the rock density and is vertically downward; selecting a molar-coulomb model as a calculation model, and selecting a coulomb sliding model with surface contact as a constitutive model of joints; carrying out numerical simulation, and obtaining the height of a fractured zone according to a simulation result;
2.4) obtaining the height of a fractured zone through field test;
carrying out field actual measurement on the range of the fracture zone to obtain field fracture development characteristics; in the field test, the height of the fractured zone can be observed by adopting a microseismic monitoring system shown in figure 4, and the development height of the overlying strata fractured zone is discussed by adopting two methods of field actual measurement and an empirical formula; arranging a plurality of vibration pickers in a monitoring area, picking up vibration waveforms caused by coal and rock body fracture through a sensor, wherein the principle is that the propagation speeds of seismic waves in different materials are different, and a speed change graph is established by utilizing the measured speed change of seismic wave signals at different moments to judge the damage condition of a rock stratum, the seismic waves contain a large amount of information such as amplitude, frequency and wave speed, wherein the relation between the wave speed and the geological condition is most obvious, when the rock stratum is damaged, the measured speed change value is large, the development condition of a fracture zone can be judged qualitatively, and meanwhile, the approximate height position of the fracture zone is calculated quantitatively according to monitoring data; the method for observing the height of the fracture zone by using the microseismic monitoring system has the characteristics of simple detection method, short monitoring period, low cost and the like, and can be used for carrying out position movement and multipoint measurement;
the field actual measurement test scheme is as follows:
a) arranging a certain number of anchor rods at the top plate of the bottom suction roadway, wherein the installed diameter is 20mm, the upper end heads of the anchor rods enter the top plate rock layer by 5m, the anchor rods are arranged perpendicular to the top plate, and the distance between every two adjacent anchor rods is 48 m;
b) a microseismic monitoring system for on-site monitoring mainly comprises 4 parts, a sensor (for collecting data), a monitoring substation (a data acquisition server), a cable transmission system (for transmitting the measured data to an industrial ring network in real time), and an industrial control server (a data storage terminal for receiving the data transmitted by the industrial ring network); the sensors are arranged on a bottom suction roadway top plate, the sensors are connected to a signal acquisition control port of an underground substation through signal lines, signals are transmitted to a host server terminal arranged on the ground from a main station through an industrial ring network, connection with an underground workstation and data transmission are realized through cables, the distance between the sensors is 48m, and the overall monitoring period is about 15 days to 30 days;
c) after the equipment is transported and installed, monitoring and collecting data; a triggering mode is adopted, a sensor and acquisition equipment are started, monitoring data are transmitted to an underground workstation by a microseismic sensor arranged in a bottom pumping roadway through a cable, and then are transmitted to a data storage and processing terminal through an optical fiber;
d) after data acquisition, firstly carrying out filtering processing, then converting a fracture waveform from a time domain graph into a frequency domain graph by utilizing fast Fourier transform, and quickly identifying a fracture signal; then, carrying out waveform identification, after identifying a rock mass fracture signal, manually picking up the arrival of P waves and S waves to realize the positioning of the rock mass fracture signal and the quantitative calculation of seismic source parameters, identifying an effective rock mass fracture event through waveform characteristics, and filtering the interference of events such as production blasting, mechanical vibration and the like; finally, carrying out quantitative calculation on the microseismic events; according to the early-stage data processing result, obtaining the duration time of P waves and S waves and the vibration wave velocity amplitude of a duration time period, extracting various required parameters in an inversion formula to perform inversion operation, and finally determining the seismic source position and the seismic source energy; therefore, a space and energy distribution diagram of the microseismic event is drawn, the density distribution condition of the microseismic event along the trend and the trend of the working surface is analyzed, an overburden microseismic event distribution model is constructed, and finally the fracture zone range distribution condition is obtained according to the height position of the intensive event.
Example 4:
the main structure of the embodiment is the same as that of embodiment 1, wherein, the step 3) is combined with theoretical analysis and similar simulation to obtain the parameters of the mining-induced fracture and quantitatively characterize the mining-induced fracture, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
3.1) constructing a mining-induced fracture block breaking model based on a masonry beam theory, and calculating key parameters of the stope overburden rock fracture;
the following assumptions were made in the fissure development zone: the model is the model when the overburden rock is fully mined after a period of excavation; the dip angle of the model is 0, and the overburden rock of the same layer is considered to be isotropic; the structure presented after the overlying strata in the model fracture zone are broken conforms to the masonry beam structure; except the O-shaped ring in the model, the other parts only have vertical settlement; the model considers that the surface of the rock mass is smooth after the rock mass is broken; the model considers that the rock block is in a cuboid shape after being broken; the overburden rock fracture is only considered to have a transverse separation layer fracture and a vertical fracture;
the fracture development area simplified model can be obtained by the assumption, the model represents the direction from the air inlet and return roadway to the goaf from the right to the left direction, the fracture is generated between the same layer of blocks, and the separation layer fracture is generated between different layers of blocks; the number of the blocks is gradually reduced from bottom to top, which shows that the number of the broken rock mass is reduced along with the increase of the distance between the broken rock mass and the coal seam roof;
referring to fig. 5, a formula for calculating the area of the delamination crack can be obtained by performing loop iteration calculation on a mining-induced crack block fracture model based on the masonry beam theory as follows:
in the formula: sn,i,i-1Is the area of the iteration triangle; p is a radical ofn,i,i-1Half the length of three sides in the iterative triangle; bn,i,i-1Is the AC side length in the iteration triangle; a isn,i,i-1The side length of BC in the iteration triangle is shown; l is the block length;
the fracture area calculation formula is as follows:
in the formula: s'n,i,i-1Is the area of the iteration triangle; theta.theta.1,1Setting an included angle between a first block body at the edge of a goaf of a first layer of rock stratum in a mining-induced fracture area and the horizontal direction; f is the block width;
two crack area distribution rules can be calculated through the two formulas, and Matlab programming is adopted to realize visualization of crack area distribution; the method mainly comprises the following steps: inputting the length and the width of a block model, calculating the area of the crack, and then performing normalization processing by adopting a method of dividing the area of each crack by the area of the maximum crack to obtain dimensionless crack area distribution; overburden bed separation and fracture are both suitable for the method;
3.2) combining a similar simulation test, carrying out binarization processing on the mined overlying strata collapse and fracture development images, then carrying out gridding processing, and finally counting mining fracture parameters such as opening, angle, area, frequency and the like;
example 5:
the main structure of the embodiment is the same as that of embodiment 1, wherein step 4) is used for constructing a mining-induced fracture fractal interpolation comprehensive evaluation model, and based on an evaluation result, the optimal fracture block space coordinate is determined, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
4.1) calculating fracture parameter index fractal dimension by adopting the correlation dimension, and constructing a mining fracture fractal interpolation comprehensive evaluation model;
a) preprocessing the mining-induced fracture evaluation index data to eliminate index dimension and unify the change direction of the index;
adopting fracture parameters such as fracture opening, angle, area, frequency and the like as mining fracture evaluation indexes, and assuming the ith index
The data vector of (a) is:
in the formula, q is the number of samples of the parameter to be evaluated; p is the index number of the object to be evaluated, namely mining fracture parameters such as fracture opening, angle, area, frequency and the like;
normalizing the index, and finally obtaining an index data vector as shown in the following formula;
Xi＝(xi1,xi2,…xiq) (5)
b) establishing a multi-dimensional phase space;
c) calculating the distance r between two points in each dimension of phase spacemn(s) and average distance Deltaxs；
Wherein m and n represent the number of points in different phase spaces, and m and n are 1, 2, … and q-s + 1; s is 1, 2, …, ω; ω is the largest phase space dimension;
d) calculating the distance between two points in each dimension of the phase space to be less than or equal to the upper limit of the distance rskProbability of (C)k(s)；
In the formula, rskFor a given upper distance limit, k is typically 2 times the phase space dimension, and H is the Heaviside function, whose value is determined by the following equation:
e) if the fractal exists, calculating a result;
in the formula, DsIs the fractal dimension of the phase space of each dimension, if DsThe extreme value tends to be along with the increase of the phase space dimension, and the extreme value is the fractal dimension D of the ith index spacei；
f) Constructing a mining fracture fractal interpolation comprehensive evaluation model according to the calculated fractal dimension result of each index;
determining each evaluation standard grade range according to the influence degree of the fracture parameters on the mining-induced fracture development; randomly generating T standard samples according to uniform distribution by using Matlab software, adopting the same group of random values for each index, and if E evaluation standard grades exist, forming T multiplied by E evaluation samples, wherein the experience grade corresponding to each evaluation sample is y (f);
the comprehensive evaluation value of the f-th standard sample is as follows:
for the E evaluation levels, the evaluation value z (f) epsilon [ S ] corresponding to the E-th evaluation level is sete,Se]A scatter diagram of the f-th sample comprehensive evaluation value z (f) and the experience level y (f) is established, and a corresponding fractal interpolation evaluation model can be established according to the scatter diagram:
4.2) determining the optimal fracture block space coordinate based on the mining fracture fractal interpolation comprehensive evaluation result;
the mining fracture is regarded as a fractal set, and internal parameters of the fractal set consist of various evaluation indexes; for the index with higher correlation degree, the larger the influence of the index on the comprehensive evaluation of the mining-induced fracture is, namely the larger the fractal dimension is, the more important the index represents the mining-induced fracture evaluation index; and then carrying out comprehensive evaluation based on the mining fracture fractal interpolation comprehensive evaluation model, obtaining a plurality of fracture parameter coordinates according to the evaluation result, and further determining a plurality of fracture block space coordinates.
Example 6:
the main structure of the embodiment is the same as that of embodiment 1, wherein, in the step 5), the oriented long drilling final hole is accurately positioned based on fracture field quantification and mining fracture fractal interpolation comprehensive evaluation results, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
5.1) determining the collapse angle of the whole rock stratum;
determining a roof caving angle according to results of the simulation experiment and the numerical simulation experiment; the drilling arrangement is generally inside the caving corner;
5.2) determining different stratum collapse steps;
the masonry beam structure displacement function is adopted for calculation, and the formula is as follows:
in the formula: h is the distance from the masonry beam structure to the coal seam roof; l is the length of a broken rock block, namely the primary caving step of the roof rock stratum; sigmatThe tensile strength of the rock mass; q is the load borne by the rock mass;
the load borne by any rock stratum in the stope overburden rock is generally the load generated by the interaction of the overlying adjacent rock stratum besides the self weight; generally, the load of the mining formation is non-uniformly distributed, but for the convenience of analyzing the problem, it is assumed that the formation load is uniformly distributed; assuming that there are m strata above the coal seam, considering the load of the nth strata on the 1 st strata, the calculation is carried out according to the following formula:
in the formula: eiIs the elastic modulus of the formation; h isiIs the thickness of the formation; gamma rayiIs the volume weight of the rock stratum; through the formula and in combination with field geological parameters, the collapse steps of different rock stratums can be calculated, the primary collapse step is mainly calculated, and the drill holes are usually arranged in the primary collapse step of the corresponding rock stratums; in the horizontal direction, determining the extraction position of the directional long drill hole of the top plate, and determining the extraction position through the caving angle and the primary caving step distance;
5.3) selecting a reasonable layer position and a reasonable rib distance, and accurately positioning the arrangement position of the drill hole;
based on the fracture field quantification and mining fracture fractal interpolation comprehensive evaluation results, obtaining a plurality of fracture parameter coordinates after evaluation optimization, and further determining a plurality of fracture block space coordinates; but the method still needs to be corrected by combining the geological histogram, so that directional long drill holes are prevented from being arranged on the weak rock stratum, and after correction, the reasonable layer and the reasonable slope distance of the arrangement position are determined, so that the accurate positioning of the arrangement position of the drill holes is realized;
5.4) optimizing the arrangement position of the drilling holes;
arranging one more drill hole at the same layer to verify the effectiveness of the optimized drill hole arrangement position, comparing results, and combining field gas extraction related data including drill site concentration, flow and the like to screen and avoid partial regions with poor gas extraction effect; and further accurately mining directional long drilling hole design parameters of the fractured zone to obtain the optimized gas extraction drilling hole distribution position.
Example 7:
the main structure of the present embodiment is the same as that of embodiment 2, wherein, referring to fig. 6 and 7, a construction drill site is arranged in a working face gate way, and a flexible active hole protection manner is adopted to construct directional long drill holes, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
arranging a plurality of drilling sites in the working face according to the drilling optimization result;
according to the outburst prevention design of the working face, constructing directional long drill holes in the drilling field along the reverse extraction direction of the working face; the directional long drill hole comprises a hole sealing section, a layer penetrating hole section and an extraction hole section; the hole sealing section is communicated to the lower end of the layer penetrating hole section from the coal seam drilling field of the working face; the layer penetrating hole section is positioned between the coal layer and the top plate fracture zone on the working surface; the track of the through-layer hole section is a curve; the extraction hole section is positioned in the top plate fracture zone; the extraction hole section is communicated with the upper end of the layer penetrating hole section; directional long drilling is constructed by adopting a drilling tool system and a flexible hole protection system; the drilling tool system comprises a drill bit and a drill rod; the drill bit is arranged at the head end of the drill rod; the drill bit has a central bore; the central pore canal is communicated with the inner cavity of the drill rod; the flexible hole protection system comprises a front end fixing device, a flexible water injection supporting pipe and a flexible hole protection bracket;
the pipe wall of the flexible water injection supporting pipe is provided with a water injection hole; the head end of the flexible water injection supporting pipe is fixedly connected with a front end fixing device, and the tail end of the flexible water injection supporting pipe is communicated with a hydraulic pump; the front end fixing device is provided with a supporting claw; the supporting claw adopts a pressure spring structure; the flexible water injection supporting pipe is arranged in the inner cavity of the drill rod; the front end fixing device is arranged in a central hole of the drill bit; the supporting claw of the front end fixing device is clamped with the inner wall of the central pore passage;
the flexible hole-protecting support is a net sleeve structure; the flexible hole-protecting support comprises a plurality of annular supporting tubes which are sequentially arranged along the longitudinal direction; each annular supporting tube comprises a plurality of unit waves which are sequentially arranged along the circumferential direction; two adjacent annular supporting tubes are symmetrically distributed in a mirror manner; two opposite wave crests of two adjacent annular supporting tubes are fixedly connected; the inner cavities of two adjacent annular supporting tubes are communicated; the inner cavities of the plurality of annular supporting tubes form a pipe network structure;
under the non-working state, the flexible hole-protecting bracket in a compact state is sleeved on the pipe body of the flexible water injection supporting pipe; the water injection hole is communicated with the inner cavity of the pipe network of the flexible hole-protecting bracket; when the flexible hole protecting system works, the drilling tool system conveys the flexible hole protecting system to a preset part; the flexible hole-protecting support sleeve and the flexible water injection support pipe in the compact state can deflect directionally along with drilling; then the front end fixing device extends out of the central hole of the drill bit; the supporting hook claw is unfolded and embedded into the coal seam on the inner wall of the drill hole; withdrawing the drilling tool system; the hydraulic pump injects high-pressure water into the flexible water injection supporting pipe; the flexible hole-protecting support is pressurized, expanded and expanded to support the directional long drill hole; the flexible hole-protecting support is fully expanded at the outer arc part of the bent end, and the inner arc is not fully expanded, so that the flexible hole-protecting support is fully attached to the wall of a drilled hole, and active hole protection of the bent end is realized;
the tail end of the flexible support is connected with a hole sealing sleeve, and the diameter of the sleeve is slightly larger than that of the shrinkage support. After the support is unfolded, carrying out short-term hole sealing on clay in the hole sealing sleeve, carrying out permanent hole sealing on the concrete outside the sleeve and connecting a gas extraction pipe, and carrying out gas extraction;
connecting a gas extraction pipeline to perform gas extraction;
after the extraction reaches the standard, the flexible hole protection system is recovered; and stopping injecting high-pressure water into the flexible support, after the support rebounds after pressure relief and recovers to a shrinkage state, disconnecting the connection between the sleeve and the gas extraction pipe, breaking short-term hole sealing in the hole sealing sleeve, taking the flexible support and the water injection supporting pipe out of the hole sealing sleeve, realizing recovery of the flexible hole protection system, and carrying out permanent hole sealing on the drilled hole.
Claims (10)
1. A method for accurately extracting and selecting gas based on quantitative optimization of a mining fracture field is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) performing the field test;
2) determining the range of a fracture zone according to a field test result;
3) quantitatively representing the mining-induced fracture;
3.1) constructing a mining-induced fracture block breaking model based on a masonry beam theory, and calculating key parameters of the stope overburden rock fracture;
3.2) combining a similar simulation test, carrying out binarization processing on the mined overlying strata collapse and fracture development images, then carrying out gridding processing, and finally counting mining fracture parameters such as opening, angle, area, frequency and the like;
4) constructing a mining-induced fracture fractal interpolation comprehensive evaluation model, and determining an optimal fracture block space coordinate based on an evaluation result;
4.1) calculating fracture parameter index fractal dimension by adopting the correlation dimension, and constructing a mining fracture fractal interpolation comprehensive evaluation model;
4.2) determining the optimal fracture block space coordinate based on the mining fracture fractal interpolation comprehensive evaluation result;
5) and accurately positioning the directional long drilling final hole based on fracture field quantification and mining fracture fractal interpolation comprehensive evaluation results.
2. The method for precisely extracting and optimizing the gas based on the mining fracture field quantification as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 1-2), the field test comprises the following steps:
observing the height of a fracture zone by adopting a microseismic monitoring system;
a) arranging a plurality of anchor rods at the top plate of the bottom suction roadway, wherein the installed diameter is 20mm, the upper end heads of the anchor rods enter the top plate rock layer by 5m, the anchor rods are arranged perpendicular to the top plate, and the distance between every two adjacent anchor rods is 48 m;
b) arranging a microseismic monitoring system for monitoring on site;
c) a triggering mode is adopted, a sensor and acquisition equipment are started, monitoring data are transmitted to an underground workstation by a microseismic sensor arranged in a bottom pumping roadway through a cable, and then are transmitted to a data storage and processing terminal through an optical fiber;
d) after data acquisition, identifying a fracture signal, carrying out waveform identification and calculation, analyzing the density distribution condition of the microseismic event along the trend and the trend of a working surface by drawing a space and energy distribution diagram of the microseismic event, constructing an overburden microseismic event distribution model, and finally obtaining the distribution condition of a fracture zone range according to the height position of the intensive event.
3. The method for accurately extracting and selecting the gas based on the mining fracture field quantification and the optimization of the mining fracture field according to claim 1, wherein in the step 3.1), a mining fracture block fracture model is constructed based on a masonry beam theory, and key parameters of a mining cover rock fracture of the mining field are calculated, and the method comprises the following steps:
based on a masonry beam theory, the area calculation formula of the delamination fracture can be obtained through circular iterative calculation by using a mining-induced fracture block breaking model as follows:
in the formula: sn,i,i-1Is the area of the iteration triangle; p is a radical ofn,i,i-1Half the length of three sides in the iterative triangle; bn,i,i-1Is the AC side length in the iteration triangle; a isn,i,i-1The side length of BC in the iteration triangle is shown; l is the block length;
the fracture area calculation formula is as follows:
in the formula: s'n,i,i-1Is the area of the iteration triangle; theta1,1Setting an included angle between a first block body at the edge of a goaf of a first layer of rock stratum in a mining-induced fracture area and the horizontal direction; f is the block width.
4. The method for accurately extracting and preferably selecting the gas based on the mining-induced fracture field quantification as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 4.1), the fracture parameter index fractal dimension is calculated by adopting the correlation dimension, and a mining-induced fracture fractal interpolation comprehensive evaluation model is constructed, and the method comprises the following steps:
a) preprocessing the mining-induced fracture evaluation index data to eliminate index dimension and unify the change direction of the index;
taking the fracture opening, angle, area and frequency in the mining-induced fracture parameters as mining-induced fracture evaluation indexes, and carrying out normalization treatment on the indexes;
b) establishing a multi-dimensional phase space;
c) calculating the distance and the average distance between two points in each dimension phase space;
d) calculating the probability that the distance between two points in each dimension of the phase space is less than or equal to the distance upper limit;
e) if the fractal exists, calculating a result;
f) and constructing a mining fracture fractal interpolation comprehensive evaluation model according to the calculated fractal dimension result of each index.
5. The method for accurately extracting gas based on quantitative optimization of the mining fracture field as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 4.2), the determining of the optimal fracture block space coordinate based on the mining fracture fractal interpolation comprehensive evaluation result comprises:
the mining fracture is regarded as a fractal set, and the internal parameters of the fractal set consist of various evaluation indexes; for the index with higher correlation degree, the larger the influence of the index on the comprehensive evaluation of the mining-induced fracture is, namely the larger the fractal dimension is, the more important the index represents the mining-induced fracture evaluation index; and then carrying out comprehensive evaluation based on the mining fracture fractal interpolation comprehensive evaluation model, obtaining a plurality of fracture parameter coordinates according to the evaluation result, and further determining a plurality of fracture block space coordinates.
6. The method for accurately extracting the gas based on the mining-induced fracture field quantification and optimization as claimed in claim 1 or 5, wherein in the step 5), the accurate positioning of the directional long drill hole final hole based on the fracture field quantification and mining-induced fracture fractal interpolation comprehensive evaluation result comprises the following steps:
a) determining the collapse angle of the whole rock stratum;
determining a roof caving angle according to results of the simulation experiment and the numerical simulation experiment; the drilling arrangement is generally inside the caving corner;
b) determining collapse steps of different rock stratums;
calculating by adopting a masonry beam structure displacement function;
c) selecting a reasonable layer and a reasonable rib distance, and accurately positioning the arrangement position of the drill holes;
based on the fracture field quantification and mining fracture fractal interpolation comprehensive evaluation results, obtaining a plurality of fracture parameter coordinates after evaluation optimization, and further determining a plurality of fracture block space coordinates; but still need to be corrected in conjunction with the geological histogram;
d) optimizing the arrangement position of the drill holes;
arranging one more drill hole at the same layer to verify the effectiveness of the optimized drill hole arrangement position, comparing results, and screening and avoiding partial areas with poor gas extraction effect by combining the drill site concentration and flow in the field gas extraction related data; and further accurately mining directional long drilling hole design parameters of the fractured zone to obtain the optimized gas extraction drilling hole distribution position.
7. The method for accurately extracting the gas based on the quantitative optimization of the mining fracture field according to claim 1 or 6, characterized by comprising the following steps: and 5) after the final hole of the directional long drilling hole is accurately positioned, arranging a construction drill site in the working face crossheading, and constructing the directional long drilling hole by adopting a flexible active hole protection mode.
8. The method for constructing directional long drill holes by adopting the flexible active hole protection mode as claimed in claim 7, wherein after the final hole position of the directional long drill holes is determined, a plurality of drill hole construction drill sites are arranged in the working face crossheading for stoping, and the directional long drill holes are constructed in the drill sites along the working face reverse stoping direction according to the outburst prevention design of the working face;
the directional long drilling hole comprises a hole sealing section, a layer penetrating hole section and an extraction hole section; the hole sealing section is communicated to the lower end of the layer penetrating hole section from a coal layer drilling field of the working face; the layer penetrating hole section is positioned between the coal layer and the top plate fracture zone on the working surface; the track of the through-layer hole section is a curve; the extraction hole section is positioned in the top plate fracture zone; the extraction hole section is communicated with the upper end of the layer penetrating hole section; and (3) constructing directional long drill holes by adopting a drilling tool system and a flexible hole protection system.
9. The method for constructing directional long boreholes using a drilling tool system and a flexible hole-protecting system as claimed in claim 8, wherein:
the drilling tool system comprises a drill bit and a drill rod; the drill bit is arranged at the head end of the drill rod; the drill bit has a central bore; the central pore canal is communicated with the inner cavity of the drill rod; the flexible hole protection system comprises a front end fixing device, a flexible water injection supporting pipe and a flexible hole protection bracket;
the pipe wall of the flexible water injection supporting pipe is provided with a water injection hole; the head end of the flexible water injection supporting pipe is fixedly connected with a front end fixing device, and the tail end of the flexible water injection supporting pipe is communicated with a hydraulic pump; the front end fixing device is provided with a supporting claw; the supporting claw adopts a pressure spring structure; the flexible water injection supporting pipe is arranged in the inner cavity of the drill rod; the front end fixing device is arranged in a central hole of the drill bit; the supporting claw of the front end fixing device is clamped with the inner wall of the central pore passage;
the flexible hole-protecting support is a net sleeve structure; the flexible hole-protecting support comprises a plurality of annular supporting tubes which are sequentially arranged along the longitudinal direction; each annular supporting tube comprises a plurality of unit waves which are sequentially arranged along the circumferential direction; two adjacent annular supporting tubes are symmetrically distributed in a mirror manner; two opposite wave crests of two adjacent annular supporting tubes are fixedly connected; the inner cavities of two adjacent annular supporting tubes are communicated; the inner cavities of the plurality of annular supporting tubes form a pipe network structure;
in a non-working state, the flexible hole-protecting bracket in a compact state is sleeved on the pipe body of the flexible water injection supporting pipe; the water injection hole is communicated with the inner cavity of the pipe network of the flexible hole-protecting bracket; when the flexible hole protecting system works, the drilling tool system conveys the flexible hole protecting system to a preset part; the flexible hole-protecting support sleeve and the flexible water injection support pipe in the compact state can deflect directionally along with drilling; then the front end fixing device extends out of the central hole of the drill bit; the supporting hook claw is unfolded and embedded into the coal seam on the inner wall of the drill hole; withdrawing the drilling tool system; the hydraulic pump injects high-pressure water into the flexible water injection supporting pipe; the flexible hole-protecting support is pressurized, expanded and expanded to support the directional long drill hole; the flexible hole protecting support is characterized in that the outer arc part of the bent end is fully expanded, and the inner arc part of the flexible hole protecting support is not fully expanded, so that the flexible hole protecting support is fully attached to the wall of a drilled hole, and the bent end is actively protected.
10. The use of the drilling system and the flexible grommet system for directional long bore hole construction of claim 8, wherein:
the tail end of the flexible support is connected with a hole sealing sleeve, and the diameter of the sleeve is slightly larger than that of the shrinkage support; after the support is unfolded, performing short-term hole sealing on clay in the hole sealing sleeve, performing permanent hole sealing on the sleeve by using concrete, connecting a gas extraction pipe, and performing gas extraction;
after the extraction reaches the standard, the flexible hole protection system is recovered; and stopping injecting high-pressure water into the flexible support, after the support rebounds after pressure relief and recovers to a shrinkage state, disconnecting the connection between the sleeve and the gas extraction pipe, breaking short-term hole sealing in the hole sealing sleeve, taking the flexible support and the water injection supporting pipe out of the hole sealing sleeve, realizing recovery of the flexible hole protection system, and carrying out permanent hole sealing on the drilled hole.
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