CN114657773A - 一种增强纤维材料表面化学镀层完整性和持久性的方法 - Google Patents
一种增强纤维材料表面化学镀层完整性和持久性的方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种增强纤维材料表面化学镀层完整性和持久性的方法,其包括有步骤:S1,对纤维材料进行预处理;S2,对经过预处理的纤维材料进行表面化学镀,使纤维材料表面形成化学镀层;S3,将经过表面化学镀的纤维材料浸入PVA溶液中进行覆膜,使化学镀层表面形成PVA覆膜层。本发明通过对经过表面化学镀的纤维材料进行PVA覆膜,PVA覆膜层对纤维材料的化学镀层进行保护,可以避免纤维材料的化学镀层发生大片剥落的现象发生,从而增强纤维材料表面化学镀层的完整性和持久性。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及新材料技术领域,尤其涉及一种增强纤维材料表面化学镀层完整性和持久性的方法。
背景技术
当前的电磁屏蔽材料多以金属纤维为主,柔韧性差、质量大、使用过程中容易变形被或折断。Kevlar纤维具有高强度、高模量、耐酸碱腐蚀、质量轻、绝缘性好等特点,被广泛应用于防护、军事、交通、航天航空等领域。以Kevlar纤维为基体,进行表面铜金属化,不仅使其具有金属的特点,而且质量轻,柔软性好,是制作电磁屏蔽材料的良好选择。
在金属化方法中,化学镀方法因其成本低、易于操作和控制、无需大型设备等优点被广泛运用,但是化学镀层极易受到破坏而剥落,影响化学镀层的完整性和持久性。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题在于提供一种增强纤维材料表面化学镀层完整性和持久性的方法。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明采用如下所述的技术方案:
一种增强纤维材料表面化学镀层完整性和持久性的方法,包括有步骤:
S1,对纤维材料进行预处理;
S2,对经过预处理的纤维材料进行表面化学镀,使纤维材料表面形成化学镀层;
S3,将经过表面化学镀的纤维材料浸入PVA溶液中进行覆膜,使化学镀层表面形成PVA覆膜层。
本发明的有益技术效果在于:上述的增强纤维材料表面化学镀层完整性和持久性的方法,通过对经过表面化学镀的纤维材料进行PVA覆膜,PVA覆膜层对纤维材料的化学镀层进行保护,可以避免纤维材料的化学镀层发生大片剥落的现象发生,从而增强纤维材料表面化学镀层的完整性和持久性。
附图说明
图1为本发明的增强纤维材料表面化学镀层完整性和持久性的方法的流程示意图;
图2为本发明一个优选实施例中的增强纤维材料表面化学镀层完整性和持久性的方法的流程示意图;
图3-a为原始Kevlar纤维的表面形貌图;
图3-b为化学镀铜Kevlar纤维的表面形貌图;
图3-c为PVA覆膜化学镀铜Kevlar纤维的表面形貌图;
图4-a为化学镀铜Kevlar纤维经弯折剥离试验后的表面形貌图;
图4-b为PVA覆膜化学镀铜Kevlar纤维经弯折剥离试验后的表面形貌图;
图5为化学镀铜Kevlar纤维和PVA覆膜化学镀铜Kevlar纤维的表面单位电阻变化示意图。
具体实施方式
为使本领域的普通技术人员更加清楚地理解本发明的目的、技术方案和优点,以下结合附图和实施例对本发明做进一步的阐述。
如图1所示,本发明提供了一种增强纤维材料表面化学镀层完整性和持久性的方法,其包括有步骤S1-S3:
S1,对纤维材料进行预处理;
S2,对经过预处理的纤维材料进行表面化学镀,使纤维材料表面形成化学镀层;
S3,将经过表面化学镀的纤维材料浸入PVA溶液中进行覆膜,使化学镀层表面形成PVA覆膜层。
本发明通过对经过表面化学镀的纤维材料进行PVA覆膜,PVA覆膜层对纤维材料的化学镀层进行保护,可以避免纤维材料的化学镀层发生大片剥落的现象发生,从而增强纤维材料表面化学镀层的完整性和持久性。
本发明可以应用于以不同的纤维材料作为基体进行表面金属化的制备过程中,利用PVA覆膜层对化学镀层进行保护,增强纤维材料表面化学镀层的完整性和持久性。在具体实施例中,所述纤维材料可以采用Kevlar纤维,也可以采用诸如尼龙、涤纶等其他纤维材料;表面化学镀可以镀铜、镀锌、镀镍等等。
如图2所示,在本发明一个优选实施例中,增强纤维材料表面化学镀层完整性和持久性的方法包括有步骤S10-S30:
S10,对Kevlar纤维进行预处理。
在本实施例中,采用如下步骤对Kevlar纤维进行预处理:
S11,将Kevlar纤维置于45g/L的氢氧化钠溶液中,在45℃条件下超声震荡30分钟;
S12,将Kevlar纤维放入45g/L氯化亚锡和20ml/L盐酸的混合溶液(混合溶液中氯化亚锡的浓度为45g/L,盐酸的浓度为20ml/L)中10分钟;
S13,将Kevlar纤维放入0.5g/L氯化钯和10ml/L盐酸制成的敏化液中10分钟。以上步骤S11-S13,每完成一个步骤后,用蒸馏水将Kevlar纤维冲洗干净。
S20,对经过预处理的Kevlar纤维进行表面化学镀铜,使Kevlar纤维表面形成化学镀层,得到化学镀铜Kevlar纤维。
在本实施例中,对经过预处理的Kevlar纤维进行表面化学镀铜,使Kevlar纤维表面形成铜镀层,得到化学镀铜Kevlar纤维。化学镀铜所采用的镀铜液的配方为硫酸铜8g/L、酒石酸钾钠38g/L、甲醛溶液10ml/L、氢氧化钠4.1g/L。
S30,将化学镀铜Kevlar纤维浸入PVA(聚乙烯醇)溶液中进行覆膜,使化学镀层表面形成PVA覆膜,得到PVA覆膜化学镀铜Kevlar纤维。
在本步骤中,首先将PVA放入95℃的蒸馏水中水解2小时得到PVA溶液,然后将化学镀铜Kevlar纤维浸入PVA溶液进行覆膜后干燥得到PVA覆膜化学镀铜Kevlar纤维。在本实施例中,所述PVA溶液的浓度为5g/L;在其他实施例中,所述PVA溶液的浓度可以为1g/L、3g/L、7g/L或10g/L。
图3-a、3-b、3-c、分别为原始Kevlar纤维、化学镀铜Kevlar纤维和PVA覆膜化学镀铜Kevlar纤维的表面形貌图。从图中可以看出,原始Kevlar纤维表面光滑,呈现出光亮状态;化学镀铜后,Kevlar纤维表面被铜镀层附着,并且有较大颗粒,这是镀液自动分解造成的现象;PVA覆膜后,试样表面并无多大变化,但是表面清晰度比未覆膜时要差一些,这是因为PVA覆膜后,导电性减弱造成的。
图4-a、4-b分别为化学镀铜Kevlar纤维和PVA覆膜化学镀铜Kevlar纤维经弯折剥离试验后的表面形貌图。可以看出,未覆膜时,试样经过弯折后,镀层表面发生了大片剥落现象,掉落明显;而经过PVA覆膜后,镀层表面只有少量的裂纹,而没有大片破坏现象。
图5为化学镀铜Kevlar纤维和PVA覆膜化学镀铜Kevlar纤维的表面单位电阻变化图,从图中可以看出,化学镀铜Kevlar纤维的表面单位电阻大约在0.3Ω/cm,说明镀铜比较均匀且导电性良好;而随着PVA水解浓度的增大,经过PVA覆膜后,PVA覆膜化学镀铜Kevlar纤维的表面单位电阻逐渐变大,但是水解浓度在10g/L以下,电阻变化幅度不大,说明适宜水解浓度的PVA覆膜对镀层具有一定的保护作用且对导电性影响甚微。
本发明实施例通过对经过表面化学镀铜的Kevlar纤维进行PVA覆膜,PVA覆膜层对Kevlar纤维的化学镀层进行保护,可以避免Kevlar纤维的化学镀层发生大片剥落的现象发生,从而增强Kevlar纤维表面化学镀层的完整性和持久性。
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例,而非对本发明做任何形式上的限制。本领域的技术人员可在上述实施例的基础上施以各种等同的更改和改进,凡在权利要求范围内所做的等同变化或修饰,均应落入本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (6)
1.一种增强纤维材料表面化学镀层完整性和持久性的方法,其特征在于,所述增强纤维材料表面化学镀层完整性和持久性的方法包括有步骤:
S1,对纤维材料进行预处理;
S2,对经过预处理的纤维材料进行表面化学镀,使纤维材料表面形成化学镀层;
S3,将经过表面化学镀的纤维材料浸入PVA溶液中进行覆膜,使化学镀层表面形成PVA覆膜层。
2.如权利要求1所述的增强纤维材料表面化学镀层完整性和持久性的方法,其特征在于,所述纤维材料采用Kevlar纤维,所述步骤2采用化学镀对经过预处理的纤维材料进行表面化学镀铜。
3.如权利要求2所述的增强纤维材料表面化学镀层完整性和持久性的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤1进一步包括有:
S11,将Kevlar纤维置于45g/L的氢氧化钠溶液中,在45℃条件下超声震荡30分钟;
S12,将Kevlar纤维浸入45g/L氯化亚锡和20ml/L盐酸的混合溶液中10分钟;
S13,将Kevlar纤维浸入0.5g/L氯化钯和10ml/L盐酸制成的敏化液中10分钟;
以上步骤S11-S13,每完成一个步骤后,用蒸馏水将Kevlar纤维冲洗干净。
4.如权利要求3所述的增强纤维材料表面化学镀层完整性和持久性的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤2采用如下配方的镀铜液对经过预处理的纤维材料进行表面化学镀铜:硫酸铜8g/L、酒石酸钾钠38g/L、甲醛溶液10ml/L、氢氧化钠4.1g/L。
5.如权利要求2-4任一项所述的增强纤维材料表面化学镀层完整性和持久性的方法,其特征在于,所述PVA溶液的浓度为1-10g/L。
6.如权利要求5所述的增强纤维材料表面化学镀层完整性和持久性的方法,其特征在于,所述PVA溶液的浓度为5g/L。
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