Method for extracting pyruvic acid from fermentation liquor
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for extracting pyruvic acid from fermentation broth, belonging to the technical field of microorganism fermentation broth separation.
Background
Pyruvic acid is an important organic synthesis intermediate with the molecular formula of CH3COCOOH is widely applied to the fields of pharmacy, daily chemicals, agricultural chemicals, food and the like. The application in the aspect of drug synthesis is very wide, and the method can be generally used for synthesizing drugs for treating hypertension, protease inhibitors, antiviral agents, sedatives and the like. Besides, the pyruvic acid series compounds can also be used for synthesizing medicaments for treating diseases such as tumors, ulcers, osteoporosis and the like. It is particularly noteworthy that calcium pyruvate is one of the major components of the currently marketed weight-loss drugs for fire-explosion. The pyruvic acid derivative is also widely applied to the fields of cosmetics, metal welding, air fresheners, fruit wine preservatives and the like.
At present, two industrial methods for synthesizing pyruvic acid are chemical methods and biological synthesis methods, and the biological synthesis methods mainly convert cheap carbon source substances or other substances into pyruvic acid by using microbial fermentation or enzyme methods. Biological methods (including fermentation method and enzyme conversion method) for preparing pyruvic acid, the product contains other metabolites and some impurities, such as sugar, protein, colloidal substances and the like, the components are very complex, and pyruvic acid must be extracted by physical and chemical methods. Furthermore, in order to bring the bacteria or enzymes to the appropriate pH range, lactate is usually used as substrate and the resulting product is usually pyruvate.
Patent CN106496022A relates to a method for extracting pyruvic acid from microorganism fermentation liquor or enzyme conversion liquor, which adopts the technical routes of concentration, acidification, extraction and distillation. Wherein concentrated sulfuric acid is added in the acidification step. In other disclosed technical routes, common inorganic acids such as sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid and the like are also commonly used for the acidification of pyruvate. The traditional inorganic acid is used for acidification, the reaction liquid and the reaction wastewater are acidic, the requirements on the corrosion resistance of the reaction vessel and a wastewater discharge pipeline are high, and the wastewater treatment cost is high.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides the method for extracting pyruvic acid from the fermentation liquor, which has mild treatment conditions, simple and safe operation process and no pollution to operators and environment, and does not add any traditional inorganic acid.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a method for extracting pyruvic acid from fermentation liquor comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreatment: separating and removing thalli, other visible solid substances and macromolecular substances from microorganism fermentation liquor containing pyruvic acid to obtain pretreatment liquor containing pyruvate;
(2) extraction: adding an organic solvent capable of dissolving pyruvic acid into the pretreatment solution obtained in the step (1), fully stirring and introducing carbon dioxide to obtain an organic phase rich in pyruvic acid and a water phase with lower pyruvic acid content;
(3) phase separation: discharging the water phase, releasing the pressure of the organic phase, distilling the organic phase under reduced pressure, and removing the organic solvent and water dissolved in the organic solvent to obtain a crude pyruvic acid product;
(4) refining: and distilling the obtained crude pyruvic acid product by using a molecular distiller to obtain a pure pyruvic acid product.
Further, the method for separating and removing the thalli, other visible solid substances and macromolecular substances in the step (1) comprises one or a combination of more of centrifugation, filtration, microfiltration and ultrafiltration in the prior art.
Further, the ratio of the adding amount of the organic solvent in the step (2) to the volume of the pretreatment liquid is more than 1: 1, preferably 3: 1-6: 1.
further, the organic solvent in step (2) is a solvent which can dissolve pyruvic acid and is not completely miscible with water, and is selected from at least one of dichloroethane, diethyl ether, ethyl acetate and butyl acetate.
Further, the carbon dioxide introduced in the step (2) is carbon dioxide with a certain pressure, and the pressure is more than or equal to 2MPa, preferably more than or equal to 4MPa, and more preferably 5 MPa-10 MPa.
Further, in the step (2), the temperature of the solution is kept between 0 and 50 ℃, preferably between 10 and 40 ℃.
Further, after the carbon dioxide is introduced in the step (2), keeping the temperature for more than or equal to 1 hour, preferably 1 to 3 hours.
Further, before the organic solvent is added in the step (2), the step of evaporating and concentrating the pretreatment solution is also included, so that the concentration of pyruvate in the pretreatment solution is more than or equal to 80g/L, preferably more than or equal to 100 g/L.
Further, the operating conditions of the reduced pressure distillation in the step (3) are as follows: 10-30 kPa, 40-60 ℃.
Further, the operating conditions of the molecular still in step (4) are as follows: 0.5 to 2kPa, 50 to 70 ℃.
Compared with the prior art, the method has the following advantages:
the invention utilizes high pressure CO2The sodium pyruvate phosphate is dissolved in water to be used as an acidifier to replace strong acids such as sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid and the like, and the conversion from pyruvate to pyruvic acid is combined with the organic phase transfer process, so that the process flow is shortened; strong acid is not used, so that the corrosion to equipment is reduced; the treated wastewater has no acid residue, so that the cost of wastewater treatment is greatly reduced.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the detailed description which follows.
Detailed Description
The following non-limiting examples are presented to enable those of ordinary skill in the art to more fully understand the present invention and are not intended to limit the invention in any way.
Example 1
(1) Pretreatment: pumping a crude product water solution containing pyruvic acid (the crude product water solution containing pyruvic acid is pyruvic acid fermentation liquor directly prepared by fermentation or pyruvic acid-containing water solution obtained by other ways) into a centrifuge, and centrifuging to remove thalli and other visible solid matters. Centrifugation conditions: at normal temperature, the rotating speed is 3000 r/min. Filtering out impurities by ultrafiltration, wherein the membrane material of the tubular membrane component of the ultrafiltration membrane component is a polyethylene membrane with the molecular weight cutoff of 500-3000 Da, and the ultrafiltration conditions are as follows: normal temperature and operation pressure of 0.4-1.0 MPa. And (3) evaporating and concentrating the ultrafiltration filtrate under reduced pressure at the temperature of 65 ℃ under the condition of 200Pa to ensure that the concentration of pyruvate is 100g/L, thus obtaining a pretreatment solution containing pyruvate.
(2) Extraction: adding 100mL of the pretreatment solution containing pyruvate into a reaction kettle, adding 300mL of dichloroethane as an organic solvent, introducing carbon dioxide into the reaction kettle, pressurizing to 5MPa, operating at 10 ℃, keeping constant temperature and constant pressure, and fully stirring for reaction for 1 h.
(3) Phase separation: standing until the water phase and the organic phase are completely separated, keeping the pressure to discharge the lower water phase, then cooling and depressurizing, recovering carbon dioxide, and dissolving pyruvic acid in the organic phase. Removing dichloroethane in the organic phase by using a reduced pressure distillation method under the conditions of 10kPa and 40 ℃ to obtain crude pyruvic acid.
(4) Refining: and (3) distilling the crude pyruvic acid product by a molecular distiller at 1kPa and 50 ℃ to obtain a refined pyruvic acid product.
Example 2
On the basis of example 1, 600mL of ethyl acetate was added as an organic solvent in step (2), and the reaction time was 3 h.
Example 3
On the basis of example 1, 500mL of organic solvent diethyl ether was added in step (2), and the pressure of carbon dioxide gas was 10 MPa.
Example 4
On the basis of example 1, 400mL of butyl acetate as an organic solvent was added in step (2), and the pressure for introducing carbon dioxide was 4 MPa. The reduced pressure distillation temperature in the step (3) was 60 ℃.
Example 5
On the basis of example 1, 400mL of butyl acetate as an organic solvent was added in step (2), and the pressure for introducing carbon dioxide was 2 MPa. The reduced pressure distillation temperature in the step (3) was 60 ℃.
Comparative example 1
The pretreatment solution containing pyruvate obtained by the method of the step (1) of the example 1 is added with concentrated sulfuric acid to adjust the pH value to be less than or equal to 2.0, 100mL of the solution is added into a reaction kettle, 300mL of organic solvent ethyl acetate is added into the reaction kettle, the operation temperature is 20 ℃, and the solution is kept at a constant temperature and a constant pressure and is fully stirred for reaction for 1 h. Standing until the water phase and the organic phase are completely separated, discharging the lower water phase, and dissolving pyruvic acid in the organic phase. Then, a pyruvic acid refined product is obtained according to the steps (3) and (4) of the example 1.
Table 1.