CN114650130A - High-precision phase compensation method of CVQKD system based on multipoint sampling mean value - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-precision phase compensation method of a CVQKD system based on a multipoint sampling mean value, which comprises the following steps: at a sending end: modulating the coherent pulse signal by using a phase modulator; at the receiving end: and carrying out interval sampling on each pulse signal in the coherent pulse signals to obtain a sampling value of each pulse signal, and calculating a phase drift value of the check sequence according to the sampling value. The invention can improve the accuracy of calculating the phase drift value, reduce the variance of additive noise in the system and reduce random errors, thereby effectively improving the safe code rate of the system; the number of sampling points per pulse can be adjusted according to the actual running state of the system, so that the running time of the system can be reduced while the performance of the system is improved; the method does not increase the length of the check sequence and does not influence the communication efficiency; the method can be directly applied to the existing CVQKD system, does not need additional optical circuit components, and is low in implementation difficulty.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of quantum communication, in particular to a high-precision phase compensation method of a CVQKD system based on a multipoint sampling mean value.
Background
In quantum key distribution, a Continuous Variable Quantum Key Distribution (CVQKD) system based on a coherent protocol has the advantages of easy preparation of a light source, mature detection technology, easy compatibility with a classical optical communication system, high safety code rate under medium-short communication distance and the like, and is a key development direction of the current quantum key distribution technology. In a CVQKD system, factors such as jitter, temperature change and MZ interference structure asymmetry of an optical fiber channel can cause relative phase shift between quantum signal light and classical local oscillator light, and accurate associated data information can be obtained at a transmitting end and a receiving end only by performing phase compensation. However, the characteristic of the CVQKD system that the signal-to-noise ratio is extremely low leads to the increase of difficulty in phase drift measurement, which will seriously limit the phase compensation precision of the system, and further affect the core performance indexes of the system, such as the security code rate. Therefore, accurate estimation of the phase drift value plays an important role in improving the performance of the CVQKD system.
In a CVQKD system based on coherent protocols, the phase drift value is typically estimated using a phase check sequence (phase reference frame). The specific process is as follows: dividing the signal light at the transmitting end into a random number sequence and a phase check sequence, and modulating the signal light by using an amplitude modulator and a phase modulator, wherein each pulse of the random number sequence is modulated into amplitude and phase distribution which meet the requirements of a CVQKD protocol, the amplitude of each pulse of the phase check sequence is the same, and the phase distribution of the modulation is determined by a method for calculating a phase drift value. Generally, 0-2V is loaded to each pulse in a phase check sequence of a transmitting endπUniformly increasing phase (V)πHalf-wave voltage of the phase modulator), each pulse is loaded with different voltage, and a complete sine wave interference output signal with 2 pi period can be obtained after homodyne detection is carried out on a receiving end. And at a receiving end, acquiring a single point at the same position of each period of the check sequence, and calculating the interference waveform obtained by sampling to obtain an estimation result of the phase drift value. And loading the phase modulation voltage corresponding to the phase drift value to a phase modulator of a receiving end or directly sending the drift value to a sending end to reconstruct original data, thereby realizing the compensation of the phase drift, enabling the sending end and the receiving end to share an associated initial key, and then carrying out data post-processing, and finally realizing the sharing of completely consistent random keys by the receiving end and the sending end.
Due to the existence of electrical noise, shot noise and system over-noise of a receiver detector, the waveform of an interference signal output in the phase compensation process is influenced by the noise, so that the phase drift value cannot be accurately calculated. Meanwhile, the signal-to-noise ratio of the CVQKD system is low, and the waveform of the output signal tends to be submerged in the noise signal. In a commonly used phase compensation scheme for calculating a single point for each period of a phase check sequence, when an output interference signal is directly used for calculating a phase drift value, noise is not processed, so that a large estimation error is introduced, and the accuracy of calculating the phase drift value cannot be ensured. Therefore, in the CVQKD system, a phase compensation scheme capable of estimating a phase drift value more accurately needs to be designed to ensure system performance.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the invention provides a high-precision phase compensation method for a CVQKD system based on a multipoint sampling mean value, which can improve the accuracy of calculating a phase drift value, reduce the variance of additive noise in the system, and reduce random errors, thereby effectively improving the security code rate of the system.
The invention discloses a high-precision phase compensation method of a CVQKD system based on a multipoint sampling mean value, which comprises the following steps:
at a sending end: modulating the coherent pulse signal by using a phase modulator;
at the receiving end: and carrying out interval sampling on each pulse signal in the coherent pulse signals to obtain a sampling value of each pulse signal, and calculating a phase drift value of the check sequence according to the sampling value.
Preferably, at the transmitting end: modulating the coherent pulse signal with a phase modulator, comprising:
at a sending end, for a period of communication time T, M coherent pulse signals are constructed to be used as a phase drift check sequence, and a phase modulator is used for modulating the M pulse signals: a voltage signal is applied that follows a certain distribution, each pulse being applied with a different voltage value.
Preferably, said at the receiving end: sampling each pulse signal in the coherent pulse signals at intervals to obtain a sampling value of each pulse signal, and calculating a phase drift value of a check sequence according to the sampling value, wherein the calculation comprises the following steps:
at a receiving end, when M coherent pulse signals are sampled, n points are taken at certain intervals in each pulse, the average value is taken as a numerical value for calculating the phase drift at the pulse, M average values are obtained for the M pulse signals, and the result after the average value is utilized to calculate the phase drift value of the check sequence corresponding to the pulse signals.
Preferably, the communication time T, the number M of coherent pulses, and the average number n are taken, each pulse width is related to the system repetition frequency and the data amount for system parameter estimation, and the ratio adjustment is performed according to the performance of the system during actual operation.
Preferably, the coherent pulse signal is generated by an external modulation continuous laser and an internal modulation pulse laser.
Preferably, the phase modulator implements phase modulation of the pulse signal; the phase modulator comprises a modulator for quantum key sequence modulation of the system and a separate modulator independent of the quantum key sequence modulation.
Preferably, the phase drift value is calculated by using an extremum searching method and an autocorrelation calculating method.
Preferably, when the coherent pulse signal is subjected to multipoint sampling, due to pulse non-ideality and limitation of detector bandwidth, sampled data may contain invalid information, the pulse width is adjusted to ensure that the used detector responds well, and the position of a pulse signal start acquisition point is adjusted according to an actual response state; meanwhile, when the method is implemented, the bandwidth of the electrical noise and the detector noise is ensured to be obviously larger than the sampling frequency between samples, so that the independence of sampling data in each pulse is determined.
Preferably, the method further comprises: when the same pulse can not be sampled for a plurality of times at a certain interval or the sampling can not obtain the effective data of the pulse due to the limitation of the response of the detector, the scheme is as follows: when the sending end modulates the phase drift check sequence, the phase modulator is used for modulating M pulse signals: loading voltage signals which obey certain distribution, and setting m detection pulse signals to be loaded to the same voltage value; correspondingly, when a receiving end samples, a peak value is adopted for each pulse signal at a single point, m pulse signals are used as a group of data to calculate the average value, and the calculated average value is used as an interference value to calculate the phase drift value.
Preferably, the calculation formula of the phase drift value is as follows:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
is the phase drift value, N is the period of the phase check sequence, and delta N is the position difference between the interference waveform after the phase drift and the non-drift waveform; a phase drift value is calculated from the shifted position change.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the following advantages: (1) the accuracy of calculating the phase drift value can be improved, the variance of additive noise in the system is reduced, and random errors are reduced, so that the safe code rate of the system is effectively improved; (2) the number of sample points for averaging can be adjusted according to the actual running state of the system, so that the system performance is improved, and the running time of the system can be reduced; (3) the calculation method does not increase the length of the check sequence and does not influence the communication efficiency; (4) the method can be directly applied to the existing system, and a system physical framework does not need to be additionally designed, so that the realization difficulty is low.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments are briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments described in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a phase drift check sequence pulse sampling point averaging according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a phase shift check sequence phase modulator according to another embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, it being understood that the examples described are only some of the examples and are not intended to limit the invention to the embodiments described herein. All other embodiments available to those of ordinary skill in the art are intended to be within the scope of the embodiments of the present invention.
See FIG. 1, wherein ZmMean value, x 'determined for each pulse'BFor sampling data, i.e.
The invention provides an embodiment of a high-precision phase compensation method of a CVQKD system based on a multipoint sampling mean value, which comprises the following steps:
at a sending end: modulating the coherent pulse signal by using a phase modulator;
at the receiving end: and carrying out interval sampling on each pulse signal in the coherent pulse signals to obtain a sampling value of each pulse signal, and calculating a phase drift value of the check sequence according to the sampling value.
In this embodiment, at the sending end: modulating the coherent pulse signal with a phase modulator, comprising:
at a sending end, for a period of communication time T, M coherent pulse signals are constructed to be used as a phase drift check sequence, and a phase modulator is used for modulating the M pulse signals: a voltage signal is applied that follows a certain distribution, each pulse being applied with a different voltage value.
In this embodiment, at the receiving end: sampling each pulse signal in the coherent pulse signals at intervals to obtain a sampling value of each pulse signal, and calculating a phase drift value of a check sequence according to the sampling value, wherein the calculation comprises the following steps:
at a receiving end, when M coherent pulse signals are sampled, n points are taken at certain intervals in each pulse, the average value of the n points is taken as a numerical value for calculating the phase drift at the pulse, M average values are obtained for the M pulse signals, and the result after the average value is used for calculating the phase drift value of the check sequence corresponding to the pulse signals. Wherein, the regular intervals can be equal intervals.
In this embodiment, the communication time T, the number M of coherent pulses, and the average number n are taken, and each pulse width is related to the system repetition frequency and the data amount for system parameter estimation, and may be proportionally adjusted according to the actual operation performance of the system.
Each pulse width pw (pulse width) is related to the system repetition frequency, the data volume for system parameter estimation and other factors, and can be proportionally adjusted according to the actual running performance of the system, wherein the pulse sampling rate, namely n/pw, should be smaller than the bandwidth of the detector electrical noise.
In this embodiment, the generation manner of the coherent pulse signal includes the optical pulse signals generated by the external modulation continuous laser and the internal modulation pulse laser.
In this embodiment, the phase modulator may implement phase modulation of the pulse signal, and may be a modulator that performs random number sequence modulation in the system, or a separate modulator that is independent of the random number sequence modulation.
In this embodiment, the extreme value lookup method and the autocorrelation calculation method can be used to calculate the phase drift value.
In this embodiment, when the coherent pulse signal is sampled at multiple points, due to the nonideal of the pulse and the limitation of the detector bandwidth, the sampled data may contain invalid information, the pulse width may be adjusted to ensure that the used detector responds well, and the position of the start acquisition point of the pulse signal is adjusted according to the actual response state; meanwhile, when the method is implemented, the bandwidth of the electrical noise and the detector noise is ensured to be obviously larger than the sampling frequency between samples, so that the independence of sampling data in each pulse is determined.
Referring to fig. 2, each group of pulses is loaded with the same voltage, and the voltages loaded by different groups of pulses are different, in this embodiment, when sampling the same pulse for multiple times at a certain interval cannot be implemented or sampling cannot obtain valid data of the pulse due to limitation of detector response, the scheme that can be adopted is: when the sending end modulates the phase drift check sequence, the phase modulator is used for modulating M pulse signals: loading a voltage signal (usually loading 0-2V) which follows a certain distributionπUniformly increasing voltage signals) set m check pulse signals to be loaded to the same voltage value; correspondingly, when a receiving end samples, a single point of a peak value is adopted for each pulse signal, m pulse signals are used as a group of data to calculate the average value, and the calculated average value is used as an interference value to calculate the phase drift value.
In this embodiment, the calculation formula of the phase drift value is as follows:
wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,
is the phase drift value, N is the period of the phase check sequence, and delta N is the position difference between the interference waveform after the phase drift and the non-drift waveform; a phase drift value is calculated from the shifted position change.
Through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art will clearly understand that each embodiment can be implemented by software plus a necessary general hardware platform, and certainly can also be implemented by hardware. With this understanding in mind, the above-described technical solutions and/or portions thereof that contribute to the prior art may be embodied in the form of a software product that can be stored on a computer-readable storage medium including any mechanism for storing or transmitting information in a form readable by a computer (e.g., a computer).
Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that: modifications and equivalents may be made to the embodiments of the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is to be covered by the claims.
Claims (10)
1. A high-precision phase compensation method of a CVQKD system based on a multipoint sampling mean value is characterized by comprising the following steps:
at a sending end: modulating the coherent pulse signal by using a phase modulator;
at the receiving end: and carrying out interval sampling on each pulse signal in the coherent pulse signals to obtain a sampling value of each pulse signal, and calculating a phase drift value of the check sequence according to the sampling value.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein at a transmitting end: modulating the coherent pulse signal with a phase modulator, comprising:
at a sending end, for a period of communication time T, M coherent pulse signals are constructed to be used as a phase drift check sequence, and a phase modulator is used for modulating the M pulse signals: a voltage signal is applied that follows a certain distribution, each pulse being applied with a different voltage value.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein at a receiving end: sampling each pulse signal in the coherent pulse signals at intervals to obtain a sampling value of each pulse signal, and calculating a phase drift value of a check sequence according to the sampling value, wherein the calculation comprises the following steps:
at a receiving end, when M coherent pulse signals are sampled, n points are taken at certain intervals in each pulse and are used as a numerical value for calculating phase drift at the pulse, M mean values of the M pulse signals are obtained, and the result after the mean values is used for calculating the phase drift value of the check sequence corresponding to the pulse signals.
4. The method according to claim 2, wherein the communication time T, the number M of coherent pulses, the number n of sampling points per pulse, and the pulse width are all related to the system repetition frequency and the data amount for estimating system parameters, and are scaled according to the performance of the system in actual operation.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the coherent pulse signal is generated by an external modulated continuous laser and an internal modulated pulsed laser.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the phase modulator effects phase modulation of a pulse signal; the phase modulator comprises a modulator for quantum key sequence modulation of the system and a separate modulator independent of the quantum key sequence modulation.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the calculating the phase drift value uses an extremum seeking method, an autocorrelation method.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein when the coherent pulse signal is sampled at multiple points, the sampled data may contain invalid information due to pulse non-ideality and detector bandwidth limitation, the pulse width is adjusted to ensure good response of the detector used, and the position of the pulse signal at which sampling is started is adjusted according to the actual response state; meanwhile, when the method is implemented, the bandwidth of the electrical noise and the detector noise is ensured to be obviously larger than the sampling frequency between samples, so that the independence of sampling data in each pulse is determined.
9. The method of claim 1, further comprising: when the same pulse can not be sampled for a plurality of times at a certain interval or the sampling can not obtain the effective data of the pulse due to the limitation of the response of the detector, the scheme is as follows: when a sending end modulates a phase drift check sequence, a phase modulator is utilized to load modulation voltage signals which obey certain distribution to M pulse signals, and the M check pulse signals are set to be loaded to be the same voltage value; correspondingly, when a receiving end samples, a single point of a peak value is adopted for each pulse signal, m pulse signals are used as a group of data to calculate the average value, and the calculated average value is used as an interference value to calculate the phase drift value.
10. The method of claim 1, wherein the phase drift value is calculated by the formula:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
is the phase drift value, N is the period of the phase check sequence, and delta N is the position difference between the interference waveform after the phase drift and the non-drift waveform; a phase drift value is calculated from the shifted position change.
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