CN114646051A - Automatic control method and system for water supply of wet-state operation boiler of supercritical thermal power generating unit - Google Patents
Automatic control method and system for water supply of wet-state operation boiler of supercritical thermal power generating unit Download PDFInfo
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- CN114646051A CN114646051A CN202210265235.8A CN202210265235A CN114646051A CN 114646051 A CN114646051 A CN 114646051A CN 202210265235 A CN202210265235 A CN 202210265235A CN 114646051 A CN114646051 A CN 114646051A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22D—PREHEATING, OR ACCUMULATING PREHEATED, FEED-WATER FOR STEAM GENERATION; FEED-WATER SUPPLY FOR STEAM GENERATION; CONTROLLING WATER LEVEL FOR STEAM GENERATION; AUXILIARY DEVICES FOR PROMOTING WATER CIRCULATION WITHIN STEAM BOILERS
- F22D5/00—Controlling water feed or water level; Automatic water feeding or water-level regulators
- F22D5/26—Automatic feed-control systems
- F22D5/32—Automatic feed-control systems influencing the speed or delivery pressure of the feed pumps
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P90/00—Enabling technologies with a potential contribution to greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions mitigation
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a system for automatically controlling the water supply of a wet-state operation boiler of a supercritical thermal power generating unit, wherein the method comprises the steps of obtaining a difference value between a liquid level measured value of a water storage tank and a control target value of the liquid level measured value; determining a water supply correction instruction according to a difference value between the liquid level measurement value and the control target value thereof; summing the water supply correction instruction and the current theoretical water supply instruction of the thermal power generating unit to obtain a total water supply instruction of the boiler; and determining a rotating speed instruction of a feed pump of the thermal power generating unit according to the deviation between the total boiler feed water instruction and the measured value of the total boiler feed water flow. The invention can realize the automatic control of the water supply of the thermal power generating unit in a wet mode based on the double-layer deviation closed-loop control of the liquid level of the water storage tank and the total water supply flow of the boiler, keep the stable operation parameters in the variable load or steady operation working condition, reduce the labor intensity of operators and improve the safe operation margin and the deep peak regulation capability of the unit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a power generation automatic control technology, in particular to a method and a system for automatically controlling water supply of a wet-state operation boiler of a supercritical thermal power generating unit.
Background
In order to control the carbon dioxide emission power to reach the peak value as soon as possible and realize carbon neutralization as early as possible, the new energy becomes the main body of a novel power system, and fundamental follow and guidance are provided for realizing the aim of 'double carbon' in the field of energy. New energy power generation will gradually become a main contributor of electric quantity, thermal power generation becomes an important regulated power supply, and deep peak regulation and wide load operation will become normal.
In the deep peak shaving process, for a supercritical (super) critical unit direct current boiler, when the unit operation load is lower than 30% of rated power and dry operation is maintained, the flow of a water wall of a boiler furnace chamber is close to the minimum flow, hydrodynamic circulation can be deteriorated, the flow deviation of working media in a pipe is increased, the wall temperature deviation of the water wall is increased, and thermal stress is increased, so that the water wall is cracked. For the unit equipped with the boiler water circulating pump, when the unit load is lower, the problem of wall temperature uniformity of the water-cooled wall can be effectively solved by switching to the wet operation in advance. After the operation is switched to a wet state, the boiler water circulating pump is started, so that the hydrodynamic characteristics in the water-cooled wall of the boiler are obviously improved, the phenomenon of dry burning caused by too low water supply flow is avoided, the wall temperature deviation is reduced, and the operation safety margin of equipment is greatly improved.
Feedwater control during wet operation is critical. At present, most of the methods adopt manual control, namely, operators control boiler water supply according to the operation condition of a unit. The defects are as follows: firstly, the manual control has the influence of subjective factors, and the main operation parameters of the unit are often unstable due to inaccurate control of the machine handle during operation; secondly, in the wet-state operation process of the thermal power generating unit, load change is frequent, manual control operation amount is large, the water level, main steam pressure and temperature of a water storage tank fluctuate greatly due to improper water supply control, and great potential safety hazards exist; the wet attitude operation of unit, during the manual control of feedwater, the water storage tank liquid level also is in the manual control state, and operating personnel need often operate stove water circulating pump export throttle to maintain the water storage tank liquid level, increased the operating variable on the one hand, on the other hand is because the fluctuation of stove water circulating pump export recirculation flow and the coupling influences boiler feedwater control, has further increased safe risk.
Therefore, the automatic control of water supply in the wet operation process has very urgent requirements, and the method plays a key role in reducing the labor intensity of operators and improving the safe operation margin and the deep peak regulation capability of a unit.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are as follows: the invention provides an automatic control method and system for the water supply of a wet-state operation boiler of a supercritical thermal power generating unit, aiming at the problems in the prior art, and based on double-layer deviation closed-loop control of the liquid level of a water storage tank and the total water supply flow of the boiler, the automatic control of the water supply under the wet-state working condition can be realized, the purpose of keeping stable control of operation parameters (main steam pressure, main steam temperature, liquid level of the water storage tank and the like) of the thermal power generating unit under the variable-load or steady-state operation working condition is realized, the labor intensity of operators can be reduced, and the safe operation margin and the deep peak regulation capability of the thermal power generating unit are improved.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a method for automatically controlling the water supply of a wet-state operation boiler of a supercritical thermal power generating unit comprises the following steps:
1) acquiring a difference value between a liquid level measured value of the water storage tank and a control target value of the liquid level measured value;
2) determining a water supply correction instruction according to a difference value between the liquid level measurement value and the control target value thereof;
3) summing the water supply correction instruction and the current theoretical water supply instruction of the thermal power generating unit to obtain a total water supply instruction of the boiler;
4) and determining a rotating speed instruction of a feed pump of the thermal power generating unit according to the deviation between the total boiler feed water instruction and the measured value of the total boiler feed water flow, stably controlling the liquid level of the water storage tank by adjusting the boiler feed water flow, and achieving the purpose of keeping stable control of the operation parameters of the thermal power generating unit in the variable load or steady operation working condition.
Optionally, step 2) comprises: and respectively obtaining corresponding water supply correction instructions by the difference value between the liquid level measurement value and the control target value through more than two preset closed-loop control strategies, wherein the water supply correction instructions are formed by the water supply correction instructions of various closed-loop control strategies.
Optionally, the two or more preset closed-loop control strategies include a PID closed-loop control strategy based on a first PID controller and a polyline function control strategy based on a first polyline function calculator, a difference between the liquid level measurement value and the control target value thereof is subjected to the first PID controller to obtain a corresponding first water supply correction instruction, the first polyline function calculator uses a liquid level difference x between the liquid level measurement value and the control target value thereof as an independent variable and uses a function formula of a structural parameter related to the water storage tank as a corresponding second water supply correction instruction, and the water supply correction instruction is composed of the first water supply correction instruction and the second water supply correction instruction together.
Optionally, the first PID controller is a PID controller having a lock-up function, where the lock-up function is to keep the first feedwater correction command output by the first PID controller unchanged when the absolute value of the deviation between the high feedwater flow and the steam flow of the thermal power generating unit is smaller than a set value.
Optionally, the difference between the measured liquid level value and the control target value thereof is processed by a first polygonal function calculator to obtain a corresponding second water supply correction instruction, the difference between the measured liquid level value and the control target value thereof is used as an independent variable by the first polygonal function calculator, a functional formula of the structural parameter of the water storage tank is used as a corresponding second water supply correction instruction, and the functional formula of the structural parameter of the water storage tank is in the form of ± ad2Wherein a is a slope coefficient, and when the independent variable is a positive number, the slope coefficient a takes a negative value, and the independent variable isThe slope coefficient a is positive when the number is negative, d is the diameter of the water storage tank, and the water storage tank is of a cylindrical structure.
Optionally, the current theoretical water supply instruction of the thermal power generating unit in step 3) is the sum of a steam flow instruction corresponding to the generating power of the thermal power generating unit, a variable load dynamic water supply adjustment instruction, a fuel-water linkage water supply adjustment instruction, a water supply correction instruction corresponding to the main steam temperature control deviation, a water supply correction instruction corresponding to the main steam pressure control deviation and the recirculation flow of the outlet of the boiler water circulation pump.
Optionally, the steam flow instruction is a set power generation instruction passing through a preset broken line function f1(x) Obtaining the polyline function f1(x) The independent variable x in the set is a generating power instruction of the set, and the value ranges of different independent variables x correspond to a function value in a constant form; the variable load dynamic water supply regulation instruction consists of two parts, wherein the first part is a first-order differential of the unit generating power instruction and passes through a preset broken line function f2(x) Obtaining a polyline function f2(x) The independent variable x is the first differential of the generating power instruction of the unit, the value ranges of different independent variables x correspond to a function value in a constant form, and the second part is the second differential of the generating power instruction of the unit and passes through a preset broken line function f3(x) Obtaining a polyline function f3(x) The independent variable x in the set is a second order differential of the generating power instruction of the set, and the value ranges of different independent variables x correspond to function values in a constant form; the water-burning linkage water supply regulation instruction is that the output instruction of a boiler main control controller of the thermal power generating unit passes through a preset broken line function f4(x) Obtaining a polyline function f4(x) The independent variable x in the system is an output instruction of a main control controller of the boiler, and the value ranges of different independent variables x correspond to a function value in a constant form; the water supply correction instruction corresponding to the main steam temperature control deviation consists of two parts, wherein the first part is that the main steam temperature control deviation of the thermal power generating unit passes through a preset broken line function f5(x) Obtaining a polyline function f5(x) The independent variable x in the system is the control deviation of the main steam temperature, the value ranges of different independent variables x correspond to a function value in a constant form, and the second part is the change rate of the main steam temperature measurement valueThrough a preset broken line function f6(x) Obtaining a polyline function f6(x) The independent variable x in the system is the variation rate of the main steam temperature measurement value, and the value ranges of different independent variables x correspond to a function value in a constant form; the water supply correction instruction corresponding to the main steam pressure control deviation consists of two parts, wherein the first part is that the main steam pressure control deviation of the thermal power generating unit passes through a preset broken line function f7(x) Obtaining a polyline function f7(x) The independent variable x in the system is the main steam pressure control deviation, the value ranges of different independent variables x correspond to a function value in a constant form, and the second part is that the change rate of the main steam pressure measurement value passes through a preset broken line function f8(x) Obtaining a polyline function f8(x) The independent variable x in the system is the variation rate of the main steam pressure measurement value, and the value ranges of different independent variables x correspond to a function value in a constant form.
Optionally, before summing the water supply correction instruction and the current theoretical water supply instruction of the thermal power generating unit to obtain the total water supply instruction of the boiler in step 3), the method further includes a step of performing multi-order filtering processing on the second water supply correction instruction by using a plurality of cascaded low-pass filtering modules, and a step of performing multi-order filtering processing on the steam flow instruction corresponding to the generating power of the unit by using a plurality of cascaded low-pass filtering modules, so that the second water supply correction instruction and the steam flow instruction corresponding to the generating power of the unit which are used in the summation are both instructions after the multi-order filtering processing.
Optionally, determining a feed pump rotating speed instruction of the thermal power generating unit according to a deviation between the total boiler feed water instruction and the current total boiler feed water flow measurement value in step 4) means that the deviation between the total boiler feed water instruction and the current total boiler feed water flow measurement value is subjected to a preset second PID controller to obtain a feed pump rotating speed instruction of the thermal power generating unit; the method comprises the steps that a second PID controller calculates a water feeding pump rotating speed instruction of a thermal power generating unit according to a deviation between an input boiler total water feeding instruction and a current boiler total water feeding flow measured value under default work, if it is detected that a boiler water circulating pump of the thermal power generating unit trips in operation, the second PID controller is immediately switched to a manual mode, an output instruction is kept unchanged, when the second PID controller is in the manual mode, the first PID controller enters a forced tracking state from the default working state, the output value of the first PID controller is equal to a tracking instruction under the forced tracking state, and the tracking instruction is equal to a result obtained by subtracting a theoretical water feeding instruction and a second water feeding correction instruction from the boiler total water feeding flow measured value in sequence.
In addition, the invention also provides an automatic control system for the water supply of the wet-state operation boiler of the supercritical thermal power generating unit, which comprises a microprocessor and a memory which are connected with each other, wherein the microprocessor is programmed or configured to execute the steps of the automatic control method for the water supply of the wet-state operation boiler of the supercritical thermal power generating unit.
In addition, the invention also provides a computer readable storage medium, which stores a computer program for being executed by a microprocessor to implement the steps of the automatic control method for the boiler feedwater of the wet-state operation of the supercritical thermal power generating unit.
Compared with the prior art, the invention mainly has the following advantages:
1. the method comprises the steps of obtaining a difference value between a liquid level measured value of a water storage tank and a control target value of the liquid level measured value; determining a water supply correction instruction according to a difference value between the liquid level measurement value and the control target value thereof; summing the water supply correction instruction and the current theoretical water supply instruction of the thermal power generating unit to obtain a total water supply instruction of the boiler; and determining a rotating speed instruction of a feed pump of the thermal power generating unit according to the deviation between the total boiler feed water instruction and the measured value of the total boiler feed water flow. The invention can realize automatic boiler water supply control in a wet mode based on double-layer deviation closed-loop control of the liquid level of the water storage tank and the total boiler water supply flow, and enables the thermal power generating unit to keep stable control of operation parameters in variable load or steady operation working conditions, thereby reducing the labor intensity of operators and improving the safe operation margin and the deep peak regulation capability of the unit.
2. The control object in the wet mode of the unit is the total feed water flow of the boiler, is equal to the sum of the recirculation flow at the outlet of the water circulating pump of the boiler and the feed water flow at the high-pressure inlet and outlet, and is the same as the feed water control object in the dry running of the unit, thereby not only effectively avoiding the switching of the control objects in the process of the unit switching to the state running, further avoiding the defects of unstable feed water flow control and even step change caused by unreasonable dry and wet judgment logic setting or actual back-and-forth switching of the dry and wet states, but also avoiding the fluctuation of the liquid level of the water storage tank caused by the intervention of an operator in the recirculation regulating valve of the water circulating pump of the boiler.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a basic flow diagram of a method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a basic schematic diagram of a method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The first embodiment is as follows:
referring to fig. 1, the method for automatically controlling the feed water of the wet-state operation boiler of the supercritical thermal power generating unit in the embodiment includes:
1) acquiring a difference value between a liquid level measured value of the water storage tank and a control target value of the liquid level measured value;
2) determining a water supply correction instruction according to a difference value between the liquid level measurement value and the control target value thereof;
3) summing the water supply correction instruction and the current theoretical water supply instruction of the thermal power generating unit to obtain a total water supply instruction of the boiler;
4) and determining a rotating speed instruction of a feed pump of the thermal power generating unit according to the deviation between a total boiler feed water instruction and a total boiler feed water flow measurement value (the sum of the feed water flow of a high-pressure outlet of the thermal power generating unit and the recirculation flow of an outlet of a boiler water circulating pump), stably controlling the liquid level of a water storage tank by adjusting the boiler feed water flow, and achieving the purpose of keeping stable control of operation parameters of the thermal power generating unit in a variable-load or steady-state operation working condition.
In order to improve the control effect, step 2) in this embodiment includes: and respectively obtaining corresponding water supply correction instructions by the difference value between the liquid level measurement value and the control target value through more than two preset closed-loop control strategies, wherein the water supply correction instructions are formed by the water supply correction instructions of various closed-loop control strategies. The performance indexes of various existing closed-loop control strategies (such as PID control, PD control, PI control, P control, fuzzy control, expert control, self-learning control, polygonal line function control and the like) for carrying out closed-loop control can be evaluated mainly from three dimensions of accuracy, rapidness and robustness, but a single closed-loop control strategy is difficult to realize a control target with the optimal three dimensions, so that in order to improve the liquid level control effect, corresponding water supply correction instructions are respectively obtained through more than two preset closed-loop control strategies, the limitation of the single closed-loop control strategy is made up by integrating the advantages of various closed-loop control strategies, different closed-loop control strategies supplement each other, and the fast and good control effect can be achieved. It should be noted that the closed-loop control strategy may adopt the existing PID control, PD control, PI control, P control, fuzzy control, expert control, self-learning control, polygonal function control, etc., and may also adopt the required custom mathematical model as required. For example, as an optional implementation manner, the two or more preset closed-loop control strategies in this embodiment include a PID closed-loop control strategy based on a first PID controller and a polygonal line function control strategy based on a first polygonal line function calculator, a difference between the measured liquid level value and its control target value is obtained through the first PID controller to obtain a corresponding first water supply correction instruction, the first polygonal line function calculator takes a liquid level difference x between the measured liquid level value and its control target value as an argument and takes a functional expression about a structural parameter of the water storage tank as a corresponding second water supply correction instruction, and the water supply correction instruction is formed by the first water supply correction instruction and the second water supply correction instruction together. Therefore, the purpose of accurate and rapid control is achieved together based on the PID closed-loop control strategy and the broken-line function control strategy, and the PID closed-loop control strategy and the broken-line function control strategy complement each other, so that the control effect is improved integrally.
The functional formula of the structural parameters of the water storage tank may be determined according to the structure of the water storage tank. As an alternative implementation, the functional formula regarding the structural parameters of the water storage tank in this embodiment is in the form of ± ad2Wherein a is a slope coefficient, the slope coefficient a takes a negative value when the independent variable is a positive value, the slope coefficient a takes a positive value when the independent variable is a negative value, the slope coefficients a in different values of the independent variable are different, d is the diameter (for example, 1m in the embodiment) of the water storage tank, and the water storage tank is in a cylindrical structure. Specifically, the function mapping relationship of the first folding function calculator corresponding to the function g (x) in this embodiment is shown in table 1.
Table 1: function mapping of function g (x).
| A difference x; m/m | -25 | -5 | -3 | -1.5 | 1.5 | 3 | 5 | 25 |
| g(x)；t/h | 30*d2 | 15*d2 | 9*d2 | 4.5*d2 | -4.5*d2 | -9*d2 | -15*d2 | -30*d2 |
See Table 1, when the difference x takes on value-At 5m, the functional form of the structural parameters of the corresponding water storage tank is 15 x d2That is, the slope coefficient a takes a value of 15, and the slope coefficient a takes a positive value.
As shown in fig. 2, the current theoretical feedwater command of the thermal power generating unit in step 3) of this embodiment is a sum of a steam flow command, a variable load dynamic feedwater adjustment command, a fuel-water linkage feedwater adjustment command, a main steam temperature control deviation feedwater correction command, a feedwater correction command corresponding to a main steam pressure control deviation, and a recirculation flow rate at an outlet of a boiler water circulating pump, which correspond to the generating power of the thermal power generating unit. In the embodiment, the recirculation flow at the outlet of the boiler water circulating pump is used as a part of the current theoretical water supply instruction of the thermal power generating unit, when the flow is changed due to the fact that an operator manually intervenes the outlet adjusting valve of the boiler water circulating pump, the total water supply instruction of the boiler is correspondingly changed, the net water supply flow of the boiler is basically kept unchanged and is approximately equal to the steam flow, the balance of the water level of the water storage tank is maintained, on one hand, tripping of the unit due to too low net water supply flow caused by improper operation of the operator is avoided, on the other hand, the system is prevented from being diverged due to over adjustment, and the operation safety margin and the control stability are improved.
Referring to fig. 2, the steam flow command is a set power generation command passing through a preset polygonal line function f1(x) Obtaining a polyline function f1(x) The independent variable x in the set is a generating power instruction of the set, and the value ranges of different independent variables x correspond to a function value in a constant form; polyline function f of the present embodiment1(x) Examples of (d) are shown in table 2. The design has the advantages that after the model of the unit is determined, the power of the unit and the steam flow are in one-to-one correspondence, namely, the water supply demand can be determined through the power instruction, and after the part of instructions are used as the theoretical water supply instruction of a benchmark, the net water supply flow and the steam flow entering a hearth can be ensured to be approximately balanced, so that the foundation of stable liquid level control is laid.
Table 2: polyline function f1(x)。
| x unit MW | 100 | 150 | 180 | 210 | 240 | 280 |
| f1(x) Unit t/h | 350 | 462 | 578 | 620 | 700 | 815 |
Referring to fig. 2, the variable load dynamic feedwater regulation command is composed of two parts, the first part is a set generating power command first order differential passing through a preset broken line function f2(x) Obtaining a polyline function f2(x) The independent variable x in the set is a first differential of the set power instruction d, and the value ranges of different independent variables x correspond to a function value in a constant form, i.e. the fold line function f in the embodiment1(x) Examples of (c) are shown in table 3. The second part is a preset broken line function f of the second order differential of the unit generating power instruction3(x) Obtaining a polyline function f3(x) The independent variable x in the set is a second order differential of the generating power command d of the set, and the value ranges of different independent variables x correspond to a function value in a constant form, i.e. the broken line function f in the embodiment3(x) Is shown inSuch as shown in table 4. The advantage of this design is that when the unit power command changes, the control system can achieve rapid change of power by short-time overshoot of the feedwater flow, and when the power change is in place, the overshoot feedwater is recovered to maintain the system balance.
Table 3: polyline function f2(x)。
| x unit MW | 0 | 2 | 5 | 8 | 10 | 30 |
| f2(x) Unit t/h | 0 | 15 | 20 | 35 | 40 | 40 |
Table 4: polyline function f3(x)。
| x unit MW | -3 | -2 | -1 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| f3(x) Unit t/h | -8 | -5 | -3 | 5 | 8 | 15 |
Referring to fig. 2, the water-burning linkage water supply regulation instruction is that the output instruction of the boiler main control controller of the thermal power generating unit passes through a preset polygonal function f4(x) Obtaining a polyline function f4(x) The independent variable x in the system is an output instruction of a main control controller of the boiler, and the value ranges of different independent variables x correspond to a function value in a constant form, namely a fold line function f in the embodiment4(x) Examples of (d) are shown in table 5. The advantage of this design is that when the fuel of the boiler changes, the feed water command changes accordingly to ensure that the fuel-water ratio matches constantly.
Table 5: polyline function f4(x)。
| x unit MW | -15 | -8 | -3 | 3 | 8 | 15 |
| f3(x) Unit t/h | -110 | -50 | -20 | 20 | 50 | 110 |
Referring to fig. 2, the feedwater correction command corresponding to the main steam temperature control deviation consists of two parts, wherein the first part is that the main steam temperature control deviation of the thermal power generating unit passes through a preset broken line function f5(x) Obtaining a polyline function f5(x) The independent variable x in the figure is the main steam temperature control deviation, the value ranges of different independent variables x correspond to a function value in a constant form, and the fold line function f in the embodiment5(x) Examples of (d) are shown in table 6. The second part is that the change rate of the main steam temperature measurement value passes through a preset broken line function f6(x) Obtaining a polyline function f6(x) The independent variable x in the figure is the variation rate of the main steam temperature measurement value, the value ranges of different independent variables x correspond to a function value in a constant form, and the fold line function of the embodimentf6(x) Examples of (d) are shown in table 7. The advantage of this design is that both the correction of the temperature control deviation to the feedwater and the correction of the temperature change rate to the feedwater are considered, which can avoid overshoot caused by the delay of the temperature change reflected by the feedwater regulation, and has a better effect of stably controlling the temperature of the main steam.
Table 6: polyline function f5(x)。
| x unit MW | -10 | -6 | -2 | 2 | 6 | 10 |
| f2(x) Unit t/h | 60 | 40 | 5 | -5 | -40 | -60 |
Table 7: polyline function f6(x)。
| x unit MW | -6 | -2 | -1 | 1 | 2 | 6 |
| f3(x) Unit t/h | -80 | -30 | -10 | 10 | 30 | 80 |
Referring to fig. 2, the feedwater correction command corresponding to the main steam pressure control deviation consists of two parts, wherein the first part is that the main steam pressure control deviation of the thermal power generating unit passes through a preset broken line function f7(x) Obtaining a polyline function f7(x) The independent variable x in the figure is the main steam pressure control deviation, and the value ranges of different independent variables x correspond to a function value in a constant form, namely a fold line function f in the embodiment7(x) Examples of (d) are shown in table 9; the second part is that the change rate of the main steam pressure measurement value passes through a preset broken line function f8(x) Obtaining a polyline function f8(x) The independent variable x in the embodiment is a variation rate of the main steam pressure measurement value, and the value ranges of different independent variables x correspond to a function value in a constant formPolyline function f8(x) Examples of (d) are shown in table 9. The advantage of this design is that both the correction of the main steam pressure control deviation to the feed water and the correction of the main steam pressure change rate to the feed water are taken into account, on one hand, overshoot caused by the delay of the main steam pressure change reflected by the feed water regulation in the wet mode can be avoided, and on the other hand, the purpose of stably controlling the main steam pressure can be achieved by assisting the fuel regulation through the feed water regulation.
Table 8: polyline function f7(x)。
| x unit MW | -1 | -0.6 | -0.2 | 0.2 | 0.6 | 1 |
| f2(x) Unit t/h | -40 | -20 | 0 | 0 | 20 | 40 |
Table 9: polyline function f8(x)。
The recirculation flow of the outlet of the furnace water circulating pump is detected by a flow meter at the outlet of the furnace water circulating pump.
In this embodiment, before summing the water supply correction instruction and the current theoretical water supply instruction of the thermal power generating unit to obtain the total water supply instruction of the boiler, the method further includes a step of performing multi-order filtering processing on the second water supply correction instruction by using the cascaded plurality of low-pass filtering modules, and a step of performing multi-order filtering processing on the steam flow instruction corresponding to the generating power of the unit by using the cascaded plurality of low-pass filtering modules, so that the second water supply correction instruction and the steam flow instruction corresponding to the generating power of the unit that are used for summing are instructions after the multi-order filtering processing. The cascade connection of the plurality of filtering modules enriches the adjusting means during debugging, obtains the optimal instruction change speed by adjusting the filtering time of a single filtering module, and can effectively avoid over-adjustment caused by unstable measuring points.
In general, the low-pass filtering module is an existing filter, and its detailed implementation is not described herein. The time constant of the low pass filter module is typically designed to be adjustable for optimization as needed. It should be noted that there is no interdependence between the second feedwater correction command and the multi-stage filtering processing of the steam flow command, and different processing may be performed based on different stages and time constants. For example, as an optional implementation manner, in the present embodiment, performing multi-order filtering processing on the feedwater correction instruction by using the cascaded multiple low-pass filtering modules through the second feedwater correction instruction means performing three-order filtering by using three cascaded low-pass filtering modules, and time constants of the three low-pass filtering modules are respectively 3s,2s, and 2 s; the steam flow instruction is subjected to multi-order filtering processing, namely three-order filtering is carried out by adopting three cascaded low-pass filtering modules, and the time constants of the three low-pass filtering modules are 5s,3s and 2s respectively.
It should be noted that the method for determining the rotational speed command of the feedwater pump of the thermal power generating unit according to the deviation between the total boiler feedwater command and the current measured value of the total boiler feedwater flow may adopt a required mapping manner as required, for example, may adopt common control strategies such as PID control, PD control, PI control, P control, fuzzy control, expert control, self-learning control, and polygonal line function control, and may also adopt a machine learning model. In this embodiment, the determining the rotational speed instruction of the feed pump of the thermal power generating unit according to the deviation between the total boiler feed water instruction and the current measured value of the total boiler feed water flow in step 4) means that the deviation between the total boiler feed water instruction and the current measured value of the total boiler feed water flow is processed by a preset second PID controller to obtain the rotational speed instruction of the feed pump of the thermal power generating unit.
In summary, in the embodiment, a two-stage PID controller and feedforward control are adopted, the feedforward control quantity is designed as a function of a unit power generation instruction and a change rate thereof, an output instruction of a boiler main control PID controller, main steam pressure and temperature and a change rate thereof, a water supply instruction reference quantity under each working condition is determined, and a water supply instruction is dynamically adjusted according to a variable load demand, fuel adjustment and changes of the main steam pressure and temperature, so that the function of an override action according to disturbance factors is provided, and the dual purposes of rapidly responding to a load change demand and accurately correcting the water supply instruction according to a state change are achieved; meanwhile, the water level of the water storage tank is controlled by the first PID controller, and the total water supply instruction is dynamically corrected according to the change of the water level, so that the water supply flow and the steam flow of the high-pressure water supply outlet are always in a balanced state, the water level of the water storage tank is maintained to be stable, and the operation parameter control is more stable.
In addition, the embodiment also provides an automatic control system for the feedwater of the wet-state operation boiler of the supercritical thermal power generating unit, which comprises a microprocessor and a memory which are connected with each other, wherein the microprocessor is programmed or configured to execute the steps of the automatic control method for the feedwater of the wet-state operation boiler of the supercritical thermal power generating unit. In addition, the present embodiment also provides a computer readable storage medium, which stores a computer program for being executed by a microprocessor to implement the steps of the above-mentioned automatic control method for the boiler feedwater in the wet operation of the supercritical thermal power generating unit.
The second embodiment:
this embodiment is a further improvement of the first embodiment. Specifically, in this embodiment, the first PID controller is a function extension of the first PID controller in the first embodiment, and in this embodiment, the first PID controller is a PID controller having a lock-up function, and the lock-up function is to keep the first feedwater correction command output by the first PID controller unchanged when the absolute value of the deviation between the high feedwater flow and the steam flow of the thermal power unit is smaller than a set value. The design of the locking function fully considers the operation characteristics of the system: namely, when the net feed water flow of the boiler is approximately equal to the steam flow, the system is in a balanced state theoretically, the liquid level of the water storage tank is kept unchanged, and a feed water instruction is not corrected, so that the influence of false liquid level fluctuation of the water storage tank on feed water control under the condition of main steam pressure fluctuation can be effectively avoided. For example, as an alternative implementation manner, the embodiment is specifically configured such that when the absolute value of the deviation between the high plus outlet feedwater flow and the steam flow of the thermal power generating unit is less than 10t/h, the output command (first feedwater correction command) of the first PID controller is kept unchanged.
In addition, the embodiment also provides an automatic control system for the feedwater of the wet-state operation boiler of the supercritical thermal power generating unit, which comprises a microprocessor and a memory which are connected with each other, wherein the microprocessor is programmed or configured to execute the steps of the automatic control method for the feedwater of the wet-state operation boiler of the supercritical thermal power generating unit. In addition, the present embodiment also provides a computer readable storage medium, which stores a computer program for being executed by a microprocessor to implement the steps of the above-mentioned automatic control method for the boiler feedwater in the wet operation of the supercritical thermal power generating unit.
Example three:
this embodiment is a further improvement of the first embodiment/the second embodiment. Specifically, in this embodiment, on the basis of the first embodiment and the second embodiment, an auxiliary logic and a protection logic are further implemented. Wherein, the protection logic means: and the second PID controller calculates a rotating speed instruction of a water feeding pump of the thermal power generating unit according to the deviation between the input total boiler water feeding instruction and the current total boiler water feeding flow measurement value under the default work, and immediately switches the second PID controller to a manual mode and outputs the instruction to be unchanged if the fact that a boiler water circulating pump of the thermal power generating unit trips in the running process is detected. Through the protection logic, when the boiler water circulating pump trips, the second PID controller is switched on manually, the output instruction is kept unchanged, the total water supply flow of the boiler maintains the current value, the boiler water circulating pump can be effectively prevented from tripping, the corresponding recirculation flow returns to zero instantly to cause water supply to fluctuate greatly, even the unit is triggered to trip, and the control safety is greatly improved.
The auxiliary logic then refers to the linkage control of both the first PID controller and the second PID controller: and when the second PID controller is in a manual mode, the first PID controller enters a forced tracking state from a default working state, the output value of the first PID controller is equal to a tracking instruction in the forced tracking state, and the tracking instruction is equal to a result obtained by subtracting a theoretical water supply instruction and a second water supply correction instruction from the measured value of the total feedwater flow of the boiler in sequence. Through the auxiliary logic, when the second PID controller is in a manual state, the first PID controller is in a forced tracking state, the output value of the first PID controller is equal to the difference between the measured value of the total feedwater flow of the boiler and the theoretical feedwater instruction and the second feedwater correction instruction, and the instant undisturbed switching of the automatic switching of the second PID controller is guaranteed.
In addition, the embodiment also provides an automatic control system for the feedwater of the wet-state operation boiler of the supercritical thermal power generating unit, which comprises a microprocessor and a memory which are connected with each other, wherein the microprocessor is programmed or configured to execute the steps of the automatic control method for the feedwater of the wet-state operation boiler of the supercritical thermal power generating unit. In addition, the present embodiment also provides a computer readable storage medium, which stores a computer program for being executed by a microprocessor to implement the steps of the above-mentioned automatic control method for the boiler feedwater in the wet operation of the supercritical thermal power generating unit.
As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, embodiments of the present application may be provided as a method, system, or computer program product. Accordingly, the present application may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present application may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-readable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, and the like) having computer-usable program code embodied therein. The present application is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the application. It will be understood that each flow and/or block of the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, and combinations of flows and/or blocks in the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks. These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks. These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and all technical solutions that belong to the idea of the present invention belong to the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that modifications and embellishments within the scope of the invention may occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the principle of the invention, and are considered to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for automatically controlling the water supply of a wet-state operation boiler of a supercritical thermal power generating unit is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) acquiring a difference value between a liquid level measured value of the water storage tank and a control target value of the liquid level measured value;
2) determining a water supply correction instruction according to a difference value between the liquid level measurement value and the control target value thereof;
3) summing the water supply correction instruction and the current theoretical water supply instruction of the thermal power generating unit to obtain a total water supply instruction of the boiler;
4) and determining a rotating speed instruction of a feed pump of the thermal power generating unit according to the deviation between the total boiler feed water instruction and the measured value of the total boiler feed water flow, stably controlling the liquid level of the water storage tank by adjusting the boiler feed water flow, and achieving the purpose of keeping stable control of the operation parameters of the thermal power generating unit in the variable load or steady operation working condition.
2. The method for automatically controlling the feedwater of the wet-state operation boiler of the supercritical thermal power generating unit according to claim 1, wherein the step 2) comprises: and respectively obtaining corresponding water supply correction instructions by the difference value between the liquid level measurement value and the control target value through more than two preset closed-loop control strategies, wherein the water supply correction instructions are formed by the water supply correction instructions of various closed-loop control strategies.
3. The automatic control method for the feedwater of the wet-state operation boiler of the supercritical thermal power generating unit according to claim 2, wherein the two or more preset closed-loop control strategies include a PID closed-loop control strategy based on a first PID controller and a polygonal line function control strategy based on a first polygonal line function calculator, a difference value between the measured liquid level value and the control target value is subjected to a first PID controller to obtain a corresponding first feedwater correction instruction, the first polygonal line function calculator takes a liquid level difference value x between the measured liquid level value and the control target value as an independent variable and a functional expression about structural parameters of the water storage tank as a corresponding second feedwater correction instruction, and the feedwater correction instruction is formed by the first feedwater correction instruction and the second feedwater correction instruction together.
4. The method for automatically controlling the feedwater of the wet-state operation boiler of the supercritical thermal power generating unit according to claim 3, wherein the first PID controller is a PID controller having a locking function, and the locking function is to keep the first feedwater correction command output by the first PID controller unchanged when the absolute value of the deviation between the high feedwater flow and the steam flow of the thermal power generating unit is smaller than a set value.
5. The method according to claim 3, wherein the difference between the measured liquid level value and the target control value is processed by a first polygonal function calculator to obtain a corresponding second feed water correction command, the first polygonal function calculator uses the difference between the measured liquid level value and the target control value as an independent variable and uses a functional formula of structural parameters of the water storage tank as a corresponding second feed water correction command, and the functional formula of the structural parameters of the water storage tank is in the form of ± ad2Wherein a is a slope coefficient, the slope coefficient a is negative when the independent variable is positive, the slope coefficient a is positive when the independent variable is negative, d is the diameter of the water storage tank, and the water storage tank is in a cylindrical structure.
6. The automatic control method for the feedwater of the wet-state operation boiler of the supercritical thermal power generating unit according to claim 1, wherein the current theoretical feedwater instruction of the thermal power generating unit in the step 3) is the sum of a steam flow instruction corresponding to the generating power of the unit, a variable load dynamic feedwater adjustment instruction, a water-burning linkage feedwater adjustment instruction, a feedwater correction instruction corresponding to the main steam temperature control deviation, a feedwater correction instruction corresponding to the main steam pressure control deviation and the recirculation flow rate at the outlet of the boiler water circulating pump.
7. The method for automatically controlling the feedwater of the wet-state operation boiler of the supercritical thermal power generating unit according to claim 6, wherein the steam flow instruction is a unit generating power instruction passing through a preset broken line function f1(x) Obtaining the polyline function f1(x) The independent variable x in the set is a generating power instruction of the set, and the value ranges of different independent variables x correspond to a function value in a constant form; the variable load dynamic water supply regulation instruction consists of two parts, wherein the first part is a first-order differential of the unit generating power instruction and passes through a preset broken line function f2(x) Obtaining a polyline function f2(x) The independent variable x is the first differential of the generating power instruction of the unit, the value ranges of different independent variables x correspond to a function value in a constant form, and the second part is the second differential of the generating power instruction of the unit and passes through a preset broken line function f3(x) Obtaining a polyline function f3(x) The independent variable x in the set is a second order differential of the generating power instruction of the set, and the value ranges of different independent variables x correspond to function values in a constant form; the water-burning linkage water supply regulation instruction is an output instruction of a boiler main control controller of the thermal power generating unit, and the output instruction passes through a preset fold line function f4(x) Obtaining a polyline function f4(x) The independent variable x in the system is an output instruction of a main control controller of the boiler, and the value ranges of different independent variables x correspond to a function value in a constant form; the water supply correction instruction corresponding to the main steam temperature control deviation consists of two parts, wherein the first part is that the main steam temperature control deviation of the thermal power generating unit passes through a preset broken line function f5(x) Obtaining a polyline function f5(x) The independent variable x in the system is the main steam temperature control deviation, the value ranges of different independent variables x correspond to a function value in a constant form, and the second part is that the change rate of the main steam temperature measurement value passes through a preset broken line function f6(x) Obtaining a polyline function f6(x) The independent variable x in the system is the variation rate of the main steam temperature measurement value, and the value ranges of different independent variables x correspond to a function value in a constant form; the water supply correction instruction corresponding to the main steam pressure control deviation consists of two parts, wherein the first part isPassing the main steam pressure control deviation of the thermal power generating unit through a preset broken line function f7(x) Obtaining a polyline function f7(x) The independent variable x in the system is the control deviation of the main steam pressure, the value ranges of different independent variables x correspond to a function value in a constant form, and the second part is that the change rate of the main steam pressure measurement value passes through a preset broken line function f8(x) Obtaining a polyline function f8(x) The independent variable x in the system is the variation rate of the main steam pressure measurement value, and the value ranges of different independent variables x correspond to a function value in a constant form.
8. The automatic control method for the wet-state operation boiler feed water of the supercritical thermal power generating unit according to claim 3, characterized in that the step 4) of determining the feed water pump rotating speed instruction of the thermal power generating unit according to the deviation between the total boiler feed water instruction and the current total boiler feed water flow measurement value means that the deviation between the total boiler feed water instruction and the current total boiler feed water flow measurement value is processed by a preset second PID controller to obtain the feed water pump rotating speed instruction of the thermal power generating unit; the method comprises the steps that a second PID controller calculates a rotating speed instruction of a water feeding pump of the thermal power generating unit according to a deviation between an input boiler total water feeding instruction and a current boiler total water feeding flow measurement value under default work, if it is detected that a boiler water circulating pump of the thermal power generating unit trips in operation, the second PID controller is immediately switched to a manual mode, an output instruction is kept unchanged, when the second PID controller is in the manual mode, the first PID controller enters a forced tracking state from a default working state, the output value of the first PID controller is equal to a tracking instruction under the forced tracking state, and the tracking instruction is equal to a result obtained after a theoretical water feeding instruction and a second water feeding correction instruction are sequentially subtracted from the boiler total water feeding flow measurement value.
9. An automatic control system for feeding water to a wet-state operation boiler of a supercritical thermal power generating unit, which comprises a microprocessor and a memory which are connected with each other, and is characterized in that the microprocessor is programmed or configured to execute the steps of the automatic control method for feeding water to the wet-state operation boiler of the supercritical thermal power generating unit according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
10. A computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, wherein the computer program is used for being executed by a microprocessor to implement the steps of the automatic control method for the feed water of the wet-state operation boiler of the supercritical thermal power generating unit according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
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