CN114645194A - 一种高耐蚀性铁素体不锈钢的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种高耐蚀性铁素体不锈钢的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000005554 pickling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000010583 slow cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000005097 cold rolling Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000002161 passivation Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical group [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 13
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 8
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000963 austenitic stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005034 decoration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007429 general method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005098 hot rolling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- C22C—ALLOYS
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种高耐蚀性铁素体不锈钢的制备方法,该铁素体不锈钢的质量百分比组成为:≤0.12wt%C、≤0.75wt%Si、≤1.0wt%Mn、≤0.040wt%P、≤0.030wt%S、Cr:16.00~18.00wt%,余量为Fe和不可避免的杂质;其特征在于,该铁素体不锈钢的制备包括以下步骤:1)不锈钢黑皮卷全氢气氛保护退火:退火温度为850~865℃,保温时间为45~55h,缓冷时间≥4h;2)不锈钢黑皮热卷连续酸洗:对退火后的黑皮卷进行酸洗除磷,去除黑皮卷表面的氧化铁皮,将其变成白皮卷;先采用热H2S04洗,再采用HNO3、HF混合酸酸洗,所述热H2S04浓度为200~300g/L,温度为65~80℃;HNO3浓度为60~100g/L,HF浓度为8~18g/L。本发明制备得到的钢卷原表面的中性盐雾测试无锈点;本发明制备得到的钢卷经过烘烤后的表面的中性盐雾测试无锈点。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于不锈钢技术领域,具体涉及一种高耐蚀性铁素体不锈钢的制备方法。
背景技术
铁素体不锈钢因其不含镍而价格相对奥氏体不锈钢要低廉,可广泛应用于各种耐用品和日常生活用品方面,如厨具、家电、办公装饰等,但其耐蚀性通常比奥氏体不锈钢要差,因此限制了铁素体不锈钢的应用范围。
为提升铁素体不锈钢的耐蚀性能、拓展其应用前景,通常方法是在铁素体不锈钢冶炼阶段,通过添加具有抗腐蚀性能的微量元素,调整其化学成份来实现,但其制造工艺复杂,成本改善也并不明显,同样限制了铁素体不锈钢的应用范围。
针对上述问题,需在不改变铁素体不锈钢自身化学成份的前提下,通过对现有铁素体不锈钢冷轧加工工艺做独创性的改进,来获取良好的耐腐蚀性能。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种高耐蚀性铁素体不锈钢的制备方法。
本发明解决上述技术问题所采用的技术方案为:一种高耐蚀性铁素体不锈钢的制备方法,该铁素体不锈钢的质量百分比组成为:≤0.12wt%C、≤0.75wt%Si、≤1.0wt%Mn、≤0.040wt%P、≤0.030wt%S、Cr:16.00~18.00wt%,余量为Fe和不可避免的杂质;其特征在于,该铁素体不锈钢的制备包括以下步骤:
1)不锈钢黑皮卷全氢气氛保护退火:退火温度为850~865℃,保温时间为45~55h,缓冷时间≥4h;
2)不锈钢黑皮热卷连续酸洗:对退火后的黑皮卷进行酸洗除磷,去除黑皮卷表面的氧化铁皮,将其变成白皮卷;先采用热H2S04洗,再采用HNO3、HF混合酸酸洗,所述热H2S04浓度为200~300g/L,温度为65~80℃;HNO3浓度为60~100g/L,HF浓度为8~18g/L;
3)不锈钢冷轧:将白皮卷冷轧至成品规格,所述冷轧压下率为60~85%;
4)不锈钢冷卷抛光研磨:获得所需要的花纹;
5)不锈钢冷卷连续退火、酸洗钝化:所述退火温度为850~900℃;退火后先采用中性盐电解,所述中性盐浓度为200~220g/L,整流器电流为2000~4500A;再采用HNO3电化,所述HNO3浓度为160~250g/L,整流器电流为0~1000A;最后采用HNO3钝化,所述HNO3浓度为80~120g/L;
6)平整:消除屈服花纹、获得较佳的光泽度及平整度。
作为优选,所述步骤5)中,中性盐为硫酸钠。
作为优选,该铁素体不锈钢钢卷原表面进行中性盐雾测试:500小时无锈点;制备得到的钢卷经过200℃、168小时烘烤后的表面进行中性盐雾测试:100小时无锈点。
作为优选,该铁素体不锈钢钢卷的粗糙度:垂直于轧制方向上的Ra控制在0.1~0.3μm;该铁素体不锈钢钢卷的光泽度:与轧制方向20°控制在250~350gu。
作为优选,该铁素体不锈钢钢卷的抗拉强度≥420MPa,屈服强度≥205MPa,延伸率≥22%,硬度≤200HV,平行于轧制方向上180°弯曲性≤1t。
与现有技术相比,本发明的优点在于:
1)铁素体黑皮不锈钢卷在热轧工序冷却过程中会产生马氏体,使其***,不利于后续冷轧加工。更有甚者,由于碳化物的析出,会降低铁素体不锈钢的耐蚀性。因此,本发明在黑皮卷酸洗之前新增黑皮卷全氢气氛保护退火工序,将黑皮卷的马氏体组织转变为铁素体组织,消除硬化及碳化物析出,从原料端提高耐蚀性能;相比现有的黑皮卷不退火直接酸洗工艺,本发明能显著改善铁素体不锈钢机械性能,提高耐蚀性。
2)本发明采用了先冷轧、抛光研磨加工至成品,再进行连续退火、酸洗钝化处理的工艺,将破坏不锈钢表面钝化膜的所有工序前置到酸洗钝化工序之前,并提高酸洗钝化能力,修复因冷轧、抛光研磨加工而被破坏了的不锈钢钝化膜,显著提升其耐蚀性能;
3)本发明制备得到的钢卷原表面的中性盐雾测试(温度35℃、氯化钠浓度:5%、检测时间:500小时)无锈点;本发明制备得到的钢卷经过烘烤后(烤箱内200℃,烘烤168小时)的表面的中性盐雾测试(温度35℃、氯化钠浓度:5%、检测时间:100小时)无锈点。
4)本发明制备得到的钢卷的粗糙度:垂直于轧制方向上的Ra控制在0.1~0.3μm;本发明制备得到的钢卷的光泽度:与轧制方向20°控制在250~350gu。
5)本发明制备得到的钢卷的抗拉强度≥420MPa,屈服强度≥205MPa,延伸率≥22%,硬度≤200HV,平行于轧制方向上180°弯曲性≤1t。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例对本发明作进一步详细描述。
实施例1至实施例5为采用本发明的方法制备的高耐蚀性铁素体不锈钢,具体成分见表1,具体制备步骤为:
1)不锈钢黑皮热卷罩式炉全氢气氛保护退火:将不锈钢黑皮热卷退火,不锈钢的规格为厚度3.0mm*宽度1250mm;
2)不锈钢黑皮热卷连续酸洗:对退火后的黑皮卷进行酸洗除磷,去除表面氧化铁皮,将其变成白皮卷。先采用热H2S04洗,再采用HNO3、HF混合酸酸洗;
3)不锈钢冷轧:将白皮卷冷轧至成品规格;
4)不锈钢冷卷抛光研磨:使用一定粒度的研磨砂带,对钢卷表面进行研磨,以获得所需的纹路;
5)不锈钢冷卷退火、酸洗钝化:修复被破坏的不锈钢钝化膜,将不锈钢冷卷退火,退火温度为850~900℃;先采用中性盐电解,再采用HNO3电化,最后采用HNO3钝化,中性盐为硫酸钠;
6)平整:消除屈服花纹、获得较佳的光泽度及平整度。具体控制参数见表2。
对比例的具体制备步骤:
1)不锈钢黑皮热卷连续酸洗:将作为原料的热轧黑皮卷进行酸洗除磷,去除表面的氧化铁皮,将其变成白皮卷。先采用热H2S04洗,再采用HNO3、HF混合酸酸洗;
2)不锈钢冷轧:将白皮卷冷轧至成品规格;
3)不锈钢冷卷连续退火、酸洗钝化:通过连续退火,修复冷轧时被破坏的金属组织结构,改善机械性能;通过酸洗钝化,修复冷轧时被破坏的不锈钢钝化膜。退火温度为820~860℃;先采用中性盐电解,再采用HNO3钝化,中性盐为硫酸钠;
4)不锈钢冷卷抛光研磨:使用一定粒度的研磨砂带,对钢卷表面进行研磨,以获得所需的纹路;
5)平整:消除屈服花纹、获得较佳的光泽度及平整度。
不锈钢在冷轧、抛光研磨工序时均会破坏不锈钢表面的钝化膜,使其失去不锈性能,而现有技术只在冷轧工序后面采取了上述步骤3)来修复冷轧时被破坏了的钝化膜,而忽略了上述步骤4)同样会破坏不锈钢表面的钝化膜,使其耐蚀性能下降。
对得到的5个实施例和对比例进行力学性能测试、耐蚀性能测试以及表面性能测试。
耐蚀性能测试:
1、钢卷原表面的中性盐雾测试:检测标准:GB/T 10125;测试设备:盐雾箱;测试条件为温度35℃、氯化钠浓度:5%、检测时间:500小时;
2、钢卷经过烘烤后表面的中性盐雾测试:检测标准:GB/T 10125;测试设备:盐雾箱;烘烤条件为烤箱内200℃,烘烤168小时,测试条件为温度35℃、氯化钠浓度:5%、检测时间:100小时。
粗糙度检测:使用便携式粗糙度测试仪检测。
光泽度检测:使用便携式亮度测试仪检测。
弯曲性检测:使用拉伸机检测。
表1本发明实施例和对比例的化学成分(wt%)
编号 | C | Si | Mn | P | S | Cr | Fe |
实施例1 | 0.043 | 0.22 | 0.28 | 0.029 | 0.001 | 16.23 | 余量 |
实施例2 | 0.039 | 0.23 | 0.28 | 0.025 | 0.003 | 16.10 | 余量 |
实施例3 | 0.033 | 0.25 | 0.30 | 0.025 | 0.001 | 16.03 | 余量 |
实施例4 | 0.036 | 0.24 | 0.27 | 0.025 | 0.004 | 16.15 | 余量 |
实施例5 | 0.040 | 0.30 | 0.31 | 0.024 | 0.003 | 16.16 | 余量 |
对比例 | 0.040 | 0.23 | 0.32 | 0.028 | 0.002 | 16.21 | 余量 |
表2本发明实施例制备步骤中的关键参数控制
表3本发明实施例制备步骤中的关键参数控制
表4本发明实施例和对比例的力学性能
表5本发明实施例和对比例的表面性能以及耐蚀性能
Claims (5)
1.一种高耐蚀性铁素体不锈钢的制备方法,该铁素体不锈钢的质量百分比组成为:≤0.12wt%C、≤0.75wt%Si、≤1.0wt%Mn、≤0.040wt%P、≤0.030wt%S、Cr:16.00~18.00wt%,余量为Fe和不可避免的杂质;其特征在于,该铁素体不锈钢的制备包括以下步骤:
1)不锈钢黑皮卷全氢气氛保护退火:退火温度为850~865℃,保温时间为45~55h,缓冷时间≥4h;
2)不锈钢黑皮热卷连续酸洗:对退火后的黑皮卷进行酸洗除磷,去除黑皮卷表面的氧化铁皮,将其变成白皮卷;先采用热H2S04洗,再采用HNO3、HF混合酸酸洗,所述热H2S04浓度为200~300g/L,温度为65~80℃;HNO3浓度为60~100g/L,HF浓度为8~18g/L;
3)不锈钢冷轧:将白皮卷冷轧至成品规格,所述冷轧压下率为60~85%;
4)不锈钢冷卷抛光研磨:获得所需要的花纹;
5)不锈钢冷卷连续退火、酸洗钝化:所述退火温度为850~900℃;退火后先采用中性盐电解,所述中性盐浓度为200~220g/L,整流器电流为2000~4500A;再采用HNO3电化,所述HNO3浓度为160~250g/L,整流器电流为0~1000A;最后采用HNO3钝化,所述HNO3浓度为80~120g/L;
6)平整:消除屈服花纹、获得较佳的光泽度及平整度。
2.根据权利要求1所述的高耐蚀性铁素体不锈钢的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤5)中,中性盐为硫酸钠。
3.根据权利要求1至2任一权利要求所述的高耐蚀性铁素体不锈钢的制备方法,其特征在于:该铁素体不锈钢钢卷原表面进行中性盐雾测试:500小时无锈点;制备得到的钢卷经过200℃、168小时烘烤后的表面进行中性盐雾测试:100小时无锈点。
4.根据权利要求1所述的高耐蚀性铁素体不锈钢的制备方法,其特征在于:该铁素体不锈钢钢卷的粗糙度:垂直于轧制方向上的Ra控制在0.1~0.3μm;该铁素体不锈钢钢卷的光泽度:与轧制方向20°控制在250~350gu。
5.根据权利要求1所述的高耐蚀性铁素体不锈钢的制备方法,其特征在于:该铁素体不锈钢钢卷的抗拉强度≥420MPa,屈服强度≥205MPa,延伸率≥22%,硬度≤200HV,平行于轧制方向上180°弯曲性≤1t。
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