CN114636793A - Screening method of peanut high-yield variety suitable for mechanized planting - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a screening method of peanut high-yield varieties suitable for mechanized planting, and belongs to the technical field of agriculture. The invention discloses a screening method of peanut high-yield varieties suitable for mechanized planting, which comprises the steps of measuring the agronomic characters of different peanut varieties; measuring the pod yield and yield characters of different peanut varieties; measuring the mechanical properties of the stems and the pods of different peanut varieties; measuring the mechanical operation quality of different peanut varieties; analyzing the correlation of different traits of peanut varieties; analyzing main components of agronomic characters and pod mechanical characters of different peanut varieties; and obtaining the peanut high-yield variety suitable for mechanized planting according to the comprehensive evaluation of the peanut variety based on principal component analysis. The method comprehensively evaluates the varieties popularized in Huang-Huai-Hai region production, screens out the peanut varieties with centralized result range and moderate fruit stalk strength and pod shell breaking force, and provides a material basis for popularizing and cultivating the peanut varieties suitable for mechanized planting.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agriculture, in particular to a screening method of a peanut high-yield variety suitable for mechanized planting.
Background
Peanuts are important economic crops and oil crops in China, and play a great role in the development of national economy. In recent years, due to the increase of production cost such as labor, the improvement of the mechanization level of peanuts becomes more important, the operation efficiency and quality of peanut production can be improved through mechanical production, and the method has important significance for improving the peanut planting benefit and reducing the labor intensity and the cost. Peanuts have the typical "flowering on the ground, fruiting underground". The traditional peanut harvesting and hulling mainly depends on manpower, the labor of the harvesting link accounts for more than 1/3 of the whole process, and the operation cost accounts for more than 50% of the whole production cost. The mechanized harvesting of peanuts is influenced by soil characteristics and the growth characteristics of the peanuts, so that the problems of high peanut yield, high impurities and the like exist, and the cost of manually picking pods and removing impurities is increased. The variety characteristics of peanuts are the main factors influencing the mechanized harvesting effect. In the harvesting operation, stems and branches are important parts in contact with machinery, and the quantity, height, mechanical strength and the like of the stems and branches directly influence the quality of mechanical harvesting due to the influence of genotypes and environmental conditions.
Researches show that the peanut variety with more accumulated dry matters in the stalks, developed mechanical tissues and tough stalks can meet the requirement of mechanized harvesting. The peanut stalk strength characteristics have a significant correlation with the rate of loss during mechanized harvesting and the stalk-carrying rate of the harvested pods, and affect the marketability of the pods and subsequent mechanized dehulling. The researchers have conducted related researches on the aspects including the moisture content of the fruit stalks, the pod maturity, the mechanical properties of the fruit stalks and the like, and screened some high-quality peanut varieties (lines) with the fruit stalks of which the strength is suitable for mechanical harvesting. The breakage characteristic of peanut hulls influences the breakage rate of peanuts during harvesting, and researches such as Luqing suggest that the breakage force of peanut hulls mainly comes from transverse extrusion. Most of the existing researches are based on screening and evaluation of a certain peanut population or only based on evaluation of pod mechanics, and reports on comprehensive evaluation of pod mechanics and mechanical operation quality are less.
Therefore, the problem to be solved by the technical personnel in the field is to provide a screening method of peanut high-yield varieties suitable for mechanized planting.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a screening method of peanut high-yield varieties suitable for mechanized planting, which is used for comprehensively evaluating the varieties popularized in Huang-Huai-Hai region production, screening out peanut varieties with centralized result range and moderate fruit stem strength and pod shell breaking force, and providing a material basis for popularizing and cultivating peanut varieties suitable for mechanized planting.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a screening method of peanut high-yield varieties suitable for mechanized planting comprises the following specific steps:
(1) determining the agronomic characters of different peanut varieties;
(2) measuring the pod yield and yield characters of different peanut varieties;
(3) measuring the mechanical properties of the stems and the pods of different peanut varieties;
(4) measuring the mechanical operation quality of different peanut varieties;
(5) analyzing the correlation of different traits of peanut varieties;
(6) analyzing main components of agronomic characters and pod mechanical characters of different peanut varieties;
(7) and obtaining the peanut high-yield variety suitable for mechanized planting according to the comprehensive evaluation of the peanut variety based on principal component analysis.
Further, the step (1) of determining the agronomic traits of different peanut varieties comprises the following steps: measuring the main stem height and the side branch length of different peanut varieties; measuring the thickness and height of the pod layer in the clamped state; measuring the biomass of vegetative organs after the pods are picked.
Further, the step (2) of determining the pod yield and yield traits of different peanut varieties comprises the following steps: the number of single plants bearing fruit, the number of single plants with double nuts, the number of single plants with fruit saturation and the yield of single plants with pod are measured for different peanut varieties.
Further, the step (3) of determining the mechanical properties of the stalks and the pods of different peanut varieties comprises the following steps: measuring the length of the stalks, the strength of the stalks and the percentage of breakage at the fruit positions of different peanut varieties; and measuring the positive pressure shell breaking force, the lateral pressure shell breaking force and the vertical pressure shell breaking force.
Further, the step (4) of determining the mechanical operation quality of different peanut varieties comprises the following steps: measuring the qualification rate of sowing grains and the double-hole rate of different peanut varieties; and (4) measuring the ground fruit dropping rate, the fruit burying rate, the total loss rate and the soil carrying rate.
Further, the comprehensive evaluation of the peanut varieties based on principal component analysis in the step (7) comprises the following steps: evaluating the scores of the main components based on agronomic characters, yield factors and pod mechanical characteristics; and evaluating the principal component score based on the cell yield, the seeding quality and the excavator operation quality.
Agronomic characters, pod mechanical characteristics and yield of different peanut varieties are important character indexes influencing peanut mechanized operation and production efficiency.
According to the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention discloses the screening method of the peanut high-yield variety suitable for mechanized planting, and the agronomic characters, the yield composition and the pod mechanical properties of 18 peanut varieties in the Huang-Huai-Hai flower production area are measured. The variation coefficient of the agronomic characters of 18 varieties is small, and the number of double-kernel fruits and plump fruits of a single plant is the basis of higher yield of the single plant. The stem strength variation coefficient of different varieties is large (6.46-16.29N), the pod side pressure shell breaking force is greater than the vertical pressure positive pressure, and the pod shell breaking forces in 3 directions are very different from each other. The agronomic characters, the yield constitution and the pod mechanical characteristics of the plants are 15 characters and the characters of mechanical sowing and harvesting are 7 characters which are respectively synthesized into 5 and 4 main component factors, and the cumulative contribution rates are 84.48 percent and 81.63 percent respectively; no. 6 varieties of flower breeding 917, flower breeding 60, flower breeding 50, lotus flower 11, flower breeding 965 and flower breeding 51 are screened through principal component analysis and comprehensive scoring, and are high-yield varieties suitable for mechanized production. The invention provides a theoretical basis for screening and cultivating peanut varieties suitable for mechanized planting.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a drawing showing agronomic trait characteristics of different peanut varieties of the present invention;
wherein, A: the main stems of different peanut varieties are high, and the side branches are long; b: pod layer height and thickness for different peanut varieties; c: vegetative organ biomass of different peanut varieties;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the yield and yield-forming factors of different peanut varieties of the present invention;
wherein, A: the number of individual pods (total pods), number of individual dicotyledonous fruits and number of individual plumpness of different peanut varieties; b: individual pod yields for different peanut varieties;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the mechanical properties of the stalks and pods of different peanut varieties of the present invention;
wherein, A: grading the intensities of the stalks of different peanut varieties; b: the stalk length of different peanut varieties; c: percentage of fruit abscission for different peanut varieties; d: the positive pressure, vertical pressure and lateral pressure shell breaking force of different peanut varieties;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the correlation analysis of different traits of the peanut variety of the present invention;
wherein X1 to X15 respectively represent the height of a main stem, the length of a lateral branch, the biomass of a vegetative organ, the yield of a pod, the number of pods, the number of double-kernel fruits, the number of plumes, the height of a pod layer, the thickness of the pod layer, the strength of a fruit stem, the length of the fruit stem, the percentage of the fruit stem breaking (falling), the positive pressure shell breaking force, the lateral pressure shell breaking force and the vertical pressure shell breaking force.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
1) Test material
The method comprises the steps of selecting 18 peanut varieties mainly planted in Huang-Huai-Hai areas for planting, wherein the peanut varieties comprise a Hua Yu No. 25 (HY25), a lotus flower No. 11 (HH11), a Hua Yu No. 22 (HY22), a Hua Yu No. 9120(HY9120), a Hua Yu No. 50 (HY50), a Hua Yu No. 39 (HY39), a Hua Yu No. 9510(HY9510), a Ji nong Hua No. 6 (JNH6), a He Hua No. 20 (HH20), a Hua Yu 958(HY958), a Hua No. 36 (HY36), a Hua Yu (HY917), a Hua No. 60 (HY60), a Hua Yu 9303(HY9303), a Qing No. 6 (QH6), a Hua Yu No. 51 (HY51), a Hua Yu 965(HY965) and a Hua No. 26 (HH 26). The test material was planted in the Piguzhen official-land village of Biguo, Xinyuan, Shandong province, each variety was mechanically ridged, film-coated and sowed in the field, with ridge width of 85cm and ridge height of 20 cm. 2 rows per ridge, 20cm of hole distance, and mulching and cultivating. The field management is consistent with the general field production. Seeding is carried out on 5 days and 14 days in 2021, and digging and harvesting are carried out on 13 days in 9 months by adopting a peanut digging machine.
2) Data processing
The test data is statistically analyzed by SPSS 19.0 software, 15 indexes related to agronomic characters, pod characters and pod mechanical characters of different varieties and indexes related to mechanical operation quality are subjected to principal component analysis by a principal component analysis method, the comprehensive score of each variety is calculated by the weight of the principal component analysis, and the varieties to be tested are comprehensively evaluated according to the scores.
3) Measurement method
(1) Agronomic traits
After harvesting, 8 plants of each variety were selected for measurement of stem height and lateral branch length. The thickness and height of the pod layer in the clamped state were measured at the same time by referring to the method of Xiaodayuan and the like (stem and pod mechanical properties study of 2 peanut varieties (lines) [ J ]. peanut science, 2020,49(1):31-40, 84). Measuring the biomass of the nutrient organs after the pods are picked. The results are shown in Table 1 and FIG. 1.
TABLE 1 mean values and coefficient of variation of agronomic trait characteristics for different peanut varieties
As can be seen from table 1 and fig. 1, the agronomic trait of the 18 varieties tested had the sequence of the magnitude of the coefficient of variation being vegetative biomass (20.09%) > pod height (15.33%) > stem height (9.53%) > side shoot length (7.71%) > pod thickness (7.48%). The larger the coefficient of variation, the more it is affected by the variety and cultivation measures. The variation range of the main stem height is 42.75-61.25 cm (fig. 1A), wherein the main stem height of the anther culture 9510 is the largest and is 1.43 times of the blue and white 6 with the smallest main stem height. The average value of the lateral branch length is 54.72cm, the maximum value is 60 # of Huayu, 62.63cm, the minimum value is also 6 # of blue-white, and the maximum value is 1.34 times of the minimum value. The pod height and pod thickness reflect the extent of concentration of the peanut pods within the field of set. The pod height average value is 11.73cm, the maximum is flower culture 9510 and is 16.25cm, and the pod height of flower culture 958 is 9.25cm and is the minimum. The maximum pod thickness of Jinong flower No. 6 and flower cultivation No. 60 was 13.00cm, and the minimum pod thickness of flower cultivation No. 39 was 10.00cm, with the maximum value being 1.30 times the minimum value, indicating that the pod thickness of 18 varieties was relatively similar (FIG. 1B). Of the 18 varieties, the vegetative organ biomass of the flower culture 9120 was the highest and was 29.05g, the blue-and-white flower No. 6 was the lowest, the difference between the maximum and the minimum was 1.17 times, and the fluctuation range was 131.80% of the average value (FIG. 1C).
(2) Pod yield and yield traits
The pods of each variety were picked and air dried and the number of single plants, number of single double pome fruits, number of single plants full and single pod yield were determined. The results are shown in FIG. 2 and Table 2.
TABLE 2 yield of different peanut varieties and mean and coefficient of variation of yield contributors
As can be seen from table 2 and fig. 2, the coefficient of variation of the yield and the yield-constituting factors of 18 varieties was high, and the magnitude order of the coefficient of variation was, in order of magnitude, the number of pome fruits (23.13%) > the number of full fruits (17.18%) > the yield of pod plants (17.02%) > the number of pod plants (16.75%). The average value of the pod number of the single plant is 26.94, and the variation range is 20.00-37.50. The number of the single-plant double-kernel fruits of the flower culture 917 is the largest and is 22.75, the number of the single-plant double-kernel fruits of the flower culture 25 is the lowest and is 11.13, and the standard deviation of the number of the single-plant double-kernel fruits of 18 varieties is 3.60. The largest number of plump fruits per plant was 917 which was 31.63, and the smallest number of plump fruits per plant of 36, which was 16.38, was 1.93 times the smallest value (fig. 2A). The flower cultivation 50, flower cultivation 917 and flower cultivation 965 have higher single-plant pod yield, and the yield of each plant pod is more than 40 g. The yield of individual pods was highest for floral 917 (48.88g) and was 82.25% higher than for floral 39(26.82g) which was the lowest in individual pods (FIG. 2B). By yield component factor analysis, higher number of double-kernel fruits and plump fruits per plant is the basis for higher yield per plant.
(3) Mechanical characteristics of fruit stems and pods
And 4 peanut plants with consistent growth vigor are selected for each variety, and 5 pods on the first pair of lateral branches are selected for each variety to measure the length of the fruit stem and the strength of the fruit stem. The stem length is the distance from the pod stem to the stem. The stalk strength of the pods tested was measured using a model HP-200 digital push-pull dynamometer (Edinburgh instruments, Leqing). The site of stalk break (stem or pod) and the maximum pull value at the stalk break were recorded.
36 mature and full double-kernel pods are randomly selected from each variety, and the pod shell breaking force of peanuts is measured. The breaking force indexes mainly include positive pressure (with the fruit mouth placed downwards), lateral pressure (with the fruit mouth placed outwards) and vertical pressure (with the pod placed in a standing position). The pods were placed on a vertical push-pull force test stand, the push gauge was slowly depressed until the pods ruptured, and the force at which the pods ruptured was recorded. There are 12 measurements per direction. The results are shown in Table 3 and FIG. 3.
TABLE 3 stalks and pods mechanics Properties of different peanut varieties
As can be seen from Table 3 and FIG. 3, the stalk strength of 18 peanut varieties has wide variation, and the average variation is 6.68-16.29N. The existing research shows that the intensity of the peanut stalks can be classified into low (5.69-8.44N), medium (8.45-13.96N), high (13.97-16.72N) and extremely high (more than 16.72N)4 grades (research on mechanical properties of different peanut pods and excellent strain screening [ J ]. China oil crop college 2021,43(5): 803-. In 18 varieties, 33.33% of the varieties had high stalk strength, 55.56% of the varieties had medium stalk strength, and only the flowers 39(6.46N) and 51(6.68N) had low stalk strength (FIG. 3A). The length of the peanut stalks has certain difference among different peanut varieties. The average stalk length of 18 peanut varieties was 5.49cm, with the longest stalk of peanut variety # 22 being 6.95cm and the shortest stalk of peanut variety # 965 being 3.88cm (fig. 3B). Peanut pods fall off from the plant, mainly in two positions, namely seedling-stem fall and fruit-stem fall, and the fruit-stem fall does not have fruit stems. The fruit shedding percentage of 18 varieties was determined, and the fruit shedding percentage of 4 varieties such as Jinong flower No. 6, Huayu 958, Huayu 9303 and Qinghua No. 6 was 100%, and the fruit shedding ratio of Huayu 50 was the lowest, only 55% (fig. 3C).
By measuring the positive pressure, vertical pressure and lateral pressure shell breaking forces of 18 peanut varieties, the pod shell breaking forces of the peanut varieties have wide variation. The lateral pressure shell breaking force is the largest, the average value is 60.36N, and the amplitude variation is 45.03-98.56N; secondly, vertical pressure shell breaking force is used, the average value is 46.95N, and the amplitude is 29.57-64.52N; the positive pressure shell breaking force is minimum, the average value is 44.08N, the variation coefficient of 18 varieties is relatively small, and the amplitude variation is 33.33-54.71N (figure 3D).
(4) Machine operation quality measurement
After sowing, the qualification rate of sowing holes and the double-hole rate (the number of double holes/the total number of holes) of different peanut varieties are determined by referring to methods of Liu-Ming and the like (2 structural introduction and operation performance comparison test [ J ]. Jiangsu agricultural science, 2012,40(3):367 and 369 of a peanut sowing machine). During harvesting, the peanut dropping rate, the fruit burying rate, the total loss rate and the soil carrying rate (the soil carrying rate is the percentage of the mass of soil carried by peanut plants to the total mass of the harvest after the operation of the excavator) are measured by referring to methods such as permissive methods (study on mechanized harvesting characteristics of peanut culture 917, peanut academic newspaper, 2021,50(4):51-56) after the digging of a peanut excavator (4HW-2(800) and Shangqiu City hong mechanical equipment Co., Ltd.). The results are shown in Table 4.
TABLE 4 results of machine work quality measurements for different peanut varieties
(5) Correlation analysis of different traits of peanut varieties
The correlation among the agronomic characters, pod constituent factors, pod mechanical properties and other characters of different peanut varieties is analyzed, and the result is shown in figure 4. The correlation coefficient results show that the fruit stem strength is in obvious or extremely obvious positive correlation with the vegetative organ biomass, the pod layer thickness, the fruit stem length and the vertical pressure shell breaking force, and is in obvious negative correlation with the number of the double-kernel fruits and the lateral pressure shell breaking force. The yield of the single plant of the pod is in very obvious positive correlation with the number of the single plant of the pod, the number of the single plant of the double-kernel fruit and the number of the single plant of the full fruit, and the correlation coefficient with the number of the single plant of the pod is the largest and is 0.84, which shows that the number of the single plant of the pod is an important factor for the yield of the peanut. The height of the pod layer is in positive correlation with the height of the main stem, the length of the lateral branches and the length of the fruit stalks, the thickness of the pod layer is in negative correlation with the lateral pressure shell breaking pressure, and the thickness of the pod layer is in positive correlation with other characters. The percentage of fruit abscission has no obvious correlation with other characters. This indicates that the mechanical properties of peanut pods are a result of a combination of all traits.
(6) Principal component analysis of agronomic traits and pod mechanical traits of different peanut varieties
The major component matrix of the agronomic characters, the yield composition and the pod mechanical properties of the peanut variety reflects the relative size and the acting direction of the major component load of the major character indexes, namely the influence degree of the indexes on the major components, which is also called the load of the indexes on the major components. The principal component analysis of peanuts was performed for 15 traits of stem height, pod formation factor, stalk strength, hull breaking power, setting range, etc., and the results are shown in table 5.
TABLE 5 analysis of the major components of agronomic traits, yield factors and pod mechanical characteristics of different peanut varieties
Note: x1 to X15 respectively represent the height of main stem, the length of lateral branches, the biomass of vegetative organs, the yield of pod, the number of double-kernel fruits, the number of full fruits, the height of pod layer, the thickness of pod layer, the strength of fruit stem, the length of fruit stem, the percentage of fruit stem breaking (falling), the positive pressure shell breaking force, the lateral pressure shell breaking force and the vertical pressure shell breaking force.
Table 5 shows that the characteristic value of 5 main components is more than 1, the cumulative contribution rate is 84.48%, and the peanut variety can be evaluated and judged better instead of the characteristics such as agronomic characters, pod mechanics and the like. The contribution rate of the main component 1 is the highest and is 31.47%, the character with higher load number is a yield related index, wherein the load of the pod number is the highest and is 0.95; the second is the number of saturated fruits, which can be considered as a yield factor. The contribution rate of the main component 2 is 24.21%, and the highest load number of the vertical crushing shell breaking force is 0.76; next, the stalk strength (0.68) was determined, and the main component 2 was identified as a pod mechanics factor. The contribution rate of the main component 3 is 13.92%, the lateral branch length is the highest and is 0.76, the secondary main stem height is 0.65, and the main component 3 is determined as an agronomic character factor; the contribution rates of the main component 4 and the main component 5 are 8.10% and 6.81% respectively, and the highest load number is the positive pressure shell breaking force and the breakage (falling-off) percentage of the fruit stalks respectively. This indicates that main components 2,4 and 5 are peanut pod mechanical factors.
(7) Comprehensive evaluation of peanut varieties based on principal component analysis
The results are shown in Table 6 based on agronomic traits, yield factors and principal component scores of pod mechanical properties.
TABLE 6 score of each main component and comprehensive score of agronomic characters, yield factors and pod mechanical characteristics of different peanut varieties
As can be seen from Table 6, of the 18 peanut varieties tested, the yield factor score for principal component 1 was found to be floral 917 and then floral 965. Main component 2 peanut pod mechanical factor with the highest score is lotus 11, and peanut cultivation is carried out for 60 times. The main component 3 has the highest score of the agronomic character factor of flower cultivation 51, and then flower cultivation 917; the highest score of the main component 4 is 9510 flowers and 965 flowers; the highest score of the main component 5 is Jinong Hua No. 6 and Qinghua No. 6. The varieties with higher scores are the positive number, and the varieties with higher scores are Huayu 917, Huayu 60, Huayu 958, Huayu 50, lotus 11, Huayu 965, Huayu 9510 and Huayu 51.
Second, evaluation of principal component score based on cell yield, seeding quality and excavator working quality
And further performing principal component analysis on 7 characteristics such as cell yield, sowing quality and excavator operation quality, calculating characteristic roots of the 7 characteristics, corresponding characteristic values and cumulative contribution rates of the characteristic roots, selecting the first 4 principal components according to the standard that the characteristic values are greater than 1, wherein the cumulative contribution rate reaches 81.63%, and most information of the 7 characteristics can be summarized (Table 7). The overall score of the different types of machine work was calculated based on the coefficient and weight of each principal component (table 8). The comprehensive score is positive number, and the varieties with higher scores are flower rearing 9120, flower rearing 9303, lotus flower 11, flower rearing 60, lotus flower 20, flower rearing 50, flower rearing 25, flower rearing 917, flower rearing 965 and flower rearing 51 in sequence. And selecting the varieties with the highest ranking on the basis of principal component analysis comprehensive scores of agronomic characters, yield composition and pod mechanical characteristics of different varieties and on the basis of principal component analysis comprehensive scores of mechanical operation quality, and considering that the peanut varieties are suitable for mechanized production, namely, the peanut culture No. 917, the peanut culture No. 60, the peanut culture No. 50, the lotus flower 11, the peanut culture No. 965 and the peanut culture No. 51.
TABLE 7 principle component analysis of seeding quality and digging machine working quality for different peanut varieties
Note: the fruit drop rate is 100 percent to the fruit drop rate; the non-fruit-burying rate is 100 percent to the fruit-burying rate; the total yield is the ratio of fruit not falling rate and fruit not burying rate; the mass percentage of the plants is 100 percent to the soil carrying rate.
TABLE 8 respective principal component score and comprehensive score of sowing quality and mechanical working quality of different peanut varieties
(8) Multiple linear regression analysis based on stalk strength
In order to further explore the correlation relationship between the fruit stem strength and 15 individual characteristics such as stem height, pod number, fruit shedding percentage, shell breaking force, fructification range and the like, multiple regression analysis is carried out by taking the fruit stem strength as a dependent variable and taking the other 14 characteristics as independent variables. And (3) eliminating independent variables with unobvious regression coefficients by adopting a stepwise multiple regression method, screening important characters closely related to the stem strength mean value, and obtaining a regression equation: y is1＝9.768+0.150X4-0.406X6+0.500X9-0.047X14As can be seen, the individual pod mass (X)4) Number of fruits per plant (X)6) Thickness of pod layer (X)9) Lateral pressure crust breaking force (X)14) Is the main character affecting the strength of the fruit stalks.
The coefficient of variation of the main stem height and the lateral branch length of 18 varieties is small, which indicates that the main stem height and the lateral branch length are mainly influenced by the varieties. The main stem height and the side branch length of 6 peanut varieties obtained by screening according to the comprehensive scores of the main components are moderate, and the peanut varieties have the characteristics of stems and branches suitable for mechanized harvesting.
The mechanical properties of peanut pods influence the shedding characteristics and the crushing degree of the pods during harvesting. According to the fourth-class standard of the fruit stalk strength, the fruit stalk strength of only 2 varieties in 18 varieties to be tested is low, the fruit stalk strength of 16 varieties is above a medium level, and the fruit stalk strength of 6 varieties belongs to a high level. The present invention found that the lateral pressure hull breaking force was the greatest among the 3 directional pod hull breaking forces. The positive pressure hull breaking force is minimal, which may be the primary cause of pod shattering during mechanical harvesting of the peanuts.
Regression analysis shows that the quality of single pod, the number of single double-kernel fruits, the thickness of the pod layer and the lateral pressure shell breaking force are main properties influencing the strength of the fruit stem. Through the analysis and comprehensive scoring of the main components of the agronomic characters, the yield constitution and the pod mechanical characteristics of different varieties and the analysis and comprehensive scoring of the main components based on the mechanical operation quality, the 6 varieties of the peanut culture 917, the peanut culture 60, the peanut culture 50, the lotus flower 11, the peanut culture 965 and the peanut culture 51 are considered as peanut varieties suitable for mechanical production.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (6)
1. A screening method of peanut high-yield varieties suitable for mechanized planting is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
(1) determining the agronomic characters of different peanut varieties;
(2) measuring the pod yield and yield characters of different peanut varieties;
(3) measuring the mechanical properties of the stems and the pods of different peanut varieties;
(4) measuring the mechanical operation quality of different peanut varieties;
(5) analyzing the correlation of different traits of peanut varieties;
(6) analyzing main components of agronomic characters and pod mechanical characters of different peanut varieties;
(7) and obtaining the peanut high-yield variety suitable for mechanized planting according to the comprehensive evaluation of the peanut variety based on principal component analysis.
2. The screening method of high-yield peanut varieties suitable for mechanized planting according to claim 1, wherein the step (1) of determining the agronomic traits of different peanut varieties comprises: measuring the main stem height and the side branch length of different peanut varieties; measuring the thickness and height of the pod layer in the clamped state; determining vegetative organ biomass after pod picking.
3. The screening method of high-yield peanut varieties suitable for mechanized planting according to claim 1, wherein the step (2) of determining pod yield and yield traits of different peanut varieties comprises: the number of single plants bearing fruit, the number of single plants with double nuts, the number of single plants with fruit saturation and the yield of single plants with pod are measured for different peanut varieties.
4. The screening method for high-yield peanut varieties suitable for mechanized planting according to claim 1, wherein the step (3) of determining mechanical properties of stems and pods of different peanut varieties comprises: measuring the length of the stalks, the strength of the stalks and the percentage of breakage at the fruit positions of different peanut varieties; and measuring the positive pressure shell breaking force, the lateral pressure shell breaking force and the vertical pressure shell breaking force.
5. The screening method for high-yield peanut varieties suitable for mechanized planting according to claim 1, wherein the step (4) of determining the mechanical operation quality of different peanut varieties comprises: measuring the qualification rate of sowing grains and the double-hole rate of different peanut varieties; and (4) measuring the ground fruit dropping rate, the fruit burying rate, the total loss rate and the soil carrying rate.
6. The screening method of peanut high-yield varieties suitable for mechanized planting according to claim 1, wherein the comprehensive evaluation of peanut varieties based on principal component analysis in step (7) comprises: evaluating the scores of the main components based on agronomic characters, yield factors and pod mechanical characteristics; and evaluating the principal component score based on the cell yield, the seeding quality and the excavator operation quality.
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