CN114635754A - Rock burst/rockburst risk early warning evaluation method based on temperature gradient - Google Patents
Rock burst/rockburst risk early warning evaluation method based on temperature gradient Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a rock burst/rockburst danger early warning evaluation method based on temperature gradient, which is innovative in that the temperature gradient value in the whole length range of a drill hole and the temperature change rate of a specific position of the drill hole are simultaneously used as impact tendency evaluation indexes by accurately capturing the slight change of the temperature field gradient before and when the mining induced stress field impacts, so that quantitative qualitative and early warning analysis is carried out, 4 grades of no impact, weak impact, medium impact and strong impact are divided, and accurate danger relief is carried out; the temperature sensors are continuously arranged and monitored in a range from the surface of a drill hole to a mining stress peak area, namely, the range is higher than the original rock stress range of an elastic area, the monitoring range covers the whole time period from the formation of a deep mining space to the end of mining, particularly the initial pressure and periodic pressure periods of a deep mine working face, the working face square period, special periods crossing a complex geological structure area and the like, the sensitivity is high, the timeliness is high, and the rock burst risk and the strength grade of the rock burst risk can be accurately predicted and forecasted.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of deep coal mine safety and tunnel rock engineering monitoring, in particular to a rock burst or rockburst danger early warning evaluation method based on temperature gradient.
Background
With the continuous increase of underground space development, underground space engineering continuously extends to the deep part, and mine impact/tunnel rock burst becomes one of main disasters for restricting the development of the deep space. Rock burst refers to the dynamic phenomenon characterized by violent vibration and explosive damage caused by great energy released when the coal rock mass is instantaneously destabilized and damaged by external disturbance. In the deep mining field, not only normal safe and efficient production is affected but also heavy casualties and huge economic losses are caused when rock burst/rock burst occurs.
At present, the field of the early warning and evaluation of rock burst/rock burst danger in China mainly comprises a microseismic seismic source positioning monitoring technology, a CT inversion monitoring technology, an electromagnetic radiation monitoring technology, a borehole stressometer monitoring technology, a drilling cutting method monitoring technology and the like, and the technologies have many defects, such as lower sensitivity and high cost of a stress online monitoring real-time monitoring system; the elastic wave CT inversion technology cannot realize real-time early warning; the microseism method, the acoustic emission technology and the electromagnetic radiation technology have larger errors, lower accuracy rate and the like. There are also related technologies for predicting the risk of rock burst according to the temperature variation index, such as:
chinese patent CN104763470A discloses a mining one-hole multi-index intelligent early warning rock burst system, which sequentially judges whether a drill rod torque value, a drill cuttings thrust value, a drill cuttings temperature value and a drill cuttings weight value are greater than respective early warning values, if so, directly performs early warning, otherwise, performs judgment of the next index. The accuracy of early warning can be improved by not denying the step-by-step early warning mode, but the method needs a set of complex early warning system support and is obviously unrealistic for narrow operation space in a coal mine. In particular to a plurality of mechanical structures, such as a drilling device, which generate mechanical vibration when in use and influence the accuracy of acquired data; the temperature at a certain moment in the drilling cutting process is monitored by the method, the temperature change rate of equipment caused by friction and the like is monitored, and the temperature change of the inherent coal rock body is not monitored; meanwhile, the monitoring position is changed constantly, the temperature change rate of a certain fixed position cannot be continuously observed, and the drilling direction is lack of continuity; in addition, when the temperature change index of the drilling cuttings is early warned according to the drilling cuttings temperature change index of the drilling cuttings method, a sensor is used for monitoring the temperature change rate near the drill bit, and the drilling cuttings temperature index cannot meet the accurate requirement of rock burst monitoring due to the fact that environmental factors such as drilling machine working heating have large influence on temperature change monitoring and are easy to misreport; if the hole depth of the drill cuttings reaches an energy gathering area of an impact source, the time difference of the drilling process has a large influence on impact prediction.
Chinese patent publication No. CN105158813A discloses a method for monitoring a coal body surface temperature signal based on a thermal red probe, which can reflect the temperature change of a coal body to a certain extent, takes the temperature change rate of a rock surface as an early warning index and is used for monitoring the surface temperature of an excavated face, the temperature change rate of the excavated face reflects the obvious temperature change of a certain face area, and temperature monitoring data is difficult to provide for a deep area where impact/rock burst occurs, and the depth range of the deep area from the face cannot be determined; when the surface temperature of the face far away from the impact source is used as an early warning value, the environmental influence is extremely large, the temperature influence of environmental factors and engineering heat source factors cannot be distinguished, and the impact danger condition is difficult to predict effectively. Because the buried depth of the rock is related to the inside of the rock, how deep the rock needs to be monitored, how long the sensor is installed at the deep part, and how the installation angle is selected are all problems.
Chinese patent publication No. CN111551624A discloses a device for predicting rock burst of coal by hydrogen bond rupture and a prediction method thereof, which is an impact early warning method adopting a voltage signal and temperature signal acquisition module, and the device judges the breaking degree of the rock at different depths by monitoring the temperature change rate of the inner wall of a drill hole and the transient voltage value when the inner wall is ruptured, and judges the danger degree of the rock burst by taking the breaking degree of the coal as an early warning value. The technology provides a new idea for judging the rock burst, but because the temperature change rate of different areas of the inner wall of a drill hole and the transient voltage value during fracture are greatly influenced by the depth of a monitoring hole, the monitoring position is not fixed on the premise that the depth and the position of the monitoring hole are not quantitatively determined, the monitoring process cannot be monitored at fixed points for a long time due to the instantaneity, the depth is required to be monitored, the structure body is mounted at the position with the depth to be deep, the problems to be solved are solved, technicians only can manually select the depth of the monitoring hole according to experience, the obtained early warning result depends on the experience method, and the temperature change of the impact area cannot be really captured.
Chinese patent publication No. CN207395935U discloses an online rock burst monitoring system based on fiber grating sensing technology, which belongs to an optical fiber sensor impact early warning method, wherein impact area danger pre-judgment is realized by monitoring the temperature change rate of anchor rods and anchor cables at specific positions, a fiber grating sensor is firstly fixed on an anchor rod cable, is implanted into a drill hole together with the anchor rod cable and is fixed by being filled with mortar, and the monitored temperature value is greatly dissipated due to the heat conduction of a sensor bearing body; the method is mainly used for monitoring the temperature change rate of a specific area in a drilled hole instead of monitoring the full drilled hole, monitoring whether the hole depth meets the requirement of capturing an impact/rock burst temperature signal, monitoring whether the anchor rod cable reaches the area where an energy source inducing impact is located, and the like, so that the method has the possibility of missed monitoring or repeated monitoring, certain blindness exists in monitoring, and the continuity, effectiveness and accuracy of monitoring are to be improved.
The prior art discloses a plurality of rock burst early warning methods, a drilling temperature and drilling amount are analyzed by a drilling cutting temperature method, a temperature change rate is considered as a main monitoring factor by an infrared probe free face monitoring method, the temperature change rate and breaking stress are combined by a hydrogen bond rupture rule, specific area monitoring and the like are carried out on sensors with different intervals by a grating anchor rod monitoring method, the monitoring and early warning methods are considered from a temperature value change angle, no clear method is provided for the length of a drill hole influencing the monitoring effect, and early warning and evaluation are carried out on rock burst dangerousness by simultaneously using the temperature gradient in the length direction of the drill hole and the temperature change rate in a stress peak area. The geological conditions of a deep mine are complex and changeable, the occurrence of rock burst has characteristics of paroxysmal property, huge destructiveness and the like, and the multidisciplinary intersection of geology, rock mechanics, nonlinear dynamics and the like is involved, so that the rock burst is difficult to predict, the monitoring accuracy is improved, and the determination of the occurrence position, the occurrence time and the occurrence intensity is a very urgent research focus for the early warning and evaluation of the rock burst at present.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the technology for early warning rock burst by using temperature, the invention provides a rock burst/rockburst risk early warning evaluation method based on temperature gradient.
In order to achieve the purpose, the rock burst/rock burst danger early warning evaluation method based on the temperature gradient is innovative in that the slight change of the temperature field gradient before and when the mining induced stress field is impacted is accurately captured, the temperature gradient value in the whole length range of a drill hole and the temperature change rate of a specific position of the drill hole are simultaneously used as impact tendency evaluation indexes, quantitative qualitative and early warning analysis is carried out according to the impact tendency evaluation indexes, and 4 grades of no impact, weak impact and medium impact are divided, so that the impact tendency evaluation method is accurately carried out; the temperature sensors are continuously arranged and monitored from the surface of a drill hole to the mining stress peak area, namely, in the range higher than the original rock stress range of the elastic area, the monitoring range covers the whole time period from the formation of a deep mining space to the end of mining, particularly the initial pressure and periodic pressure, the working face square-seeing period of the working face of a deep mine, and special periods such as a region crossing a complex geological structure, the sensitivity is high, the timeliness is strong, and the rock burst/rock burst risk and the strength grade of the rock burst risk can be accurately predicted and forecasted.
A rock burst/rockburst danger early warning evaluation method based on temperature gradient is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the first step is as follows: preliminary assessment of risk level of rock burst/rockburst in area to be monitored
Evaluating an impact area/rock burst of a region to be monitored, and determining a dangerous area and a dangerous grade of the region to be monitored according to an evaluation result, so that the monitoring region is divided into a non-impact dangerous area, a weak-impact dangerous area, a medium-impact dangerous area and a strong-impact dangerous area;
the second step is that: obtaining the temperature change rate E of the test block when the rock of the area to be monitored is damaged
Sampling coal rock in a region to be monitored, carrying out impact damage experiment on a coal sample test block, and recording the temperature change rate E when the test block is damagedValve with a valve bodyThus being used as an early warning critical value;
the third step: arranging temperature sensors in the area to be monitored
Firstly, arranging mining stress monitoring sensors in an area to be monitored in advance for monitoring the change rule of a mining stress field so as to determine a coal seam or rock stratum high stress area and a native rock stress range higher than an elastic area; designing a drilling space, a row spacing and a temperature sensor arrangement scheme in a coal seam or rock stratum high stress area and a raw rock stress range higher than an elastic area, wherein the temperature sensor is required to be continuously arranged from the surface of a drilling hole to a stress peak area, and the maximum depth monitored by the temperature sensor is located in the raw rock stress range higher than the elastic area on the coal seam or rock stratum elastic area side; according to the initially estimated danger level, designing the arrangement distance and the row pitch of the temperature sensors according to the principle that the higher the danger level is, the more the number of the arranged sensor groups is, recording the installation position parameters (at least including the installation angle, the layer buried depth relation and the like) of each temperature sensor, and carrying out listing management;
further: the arrangement of the borehole-to-borehole, the row spacing and the temperature sensors follows the following principle:
according to the principle that the higher the danger level is, the more sensor groups are arranged, the distance between drill holes in a general strong impact danger area is 5m, the distance between drill holes in a medium impact danger area is 10m, the distance between drill holes in a weak impact area is 20m, and the drilling row pitch is 1.5 m; arranging a group of sensors in each drill hole along the depth of each drill hole at intervals of 0.2-0.5 m;
in order to ensure the accuracy of the sensor, the temperature sensor is arranged in the protective tube, and the specific structure is as follows: the hole is formed in the pipe wall of a protective pipe which is not made of heat conducting material, the sensor is placed into the protective pipe, the sensor base is clamped on the pipe wall, the sensor temperature sensing probe is exposed out of the hole and sealed, the sensor is fixed in the protective pipe, and different groups of temperature sensors are installed in each protective pipe according to actual conditions.
Furthermore, in order to facilitate downhole installation, the protection pipe is formed by screwing a plurality of protection pipes through threads.
The fourth step: preliminary prediction of the area in which the impact source is located using temperature gradients
4.1: the temperature of each temperature sensor is collected in real time, and the temperature gradients of the adjacent sensors at different moments are determined according to the temperature difference delta T and the distance delta L of the adjacent temperature sensors;
in the formula: m is expressed as a temperature gradient value in units of ℃/M; the delta T is expressed as the corresponding monitoring temperature variation of the temperature sensor and is expressed in units of; Δ L is expressed as the adjacent monitoring sensor distance in m;
4.2: temperature gradient early warning curved surface in acquisition of drilling length range
Drawing temperature gradient curved surfaces of areas to be monitored at different moments by taking time as an X axis of an abscissa, drilling depth as an Y axis of the abscissa and temperature monitoring values corresponding to the temperature sensors as a Z axis of an ordinate; that is, each adjacent sensor corresponds to a temperature gradient surface over time;
4.3: obtaining a temperature change rate curve of a specific position as an early warning curve
The temperature value monitored by the temperature sensor at the specific position is collected at regular time, and then data analysis is carried out to obtain a temperature change rate curve of the temperature sensor at the specific position;
the specific site temperature refers to: respectively unfolding the mining induced stress field peak position to plastic areas and elastic areas on two sides to areas of the original rock stress position;
4.4: primarily predicting an energy concentration concentrated region according to temperature gradient and temperature change rate
During operation, the temperature gradient curved surfaces of all drill holes are compared, and the temperature change rate of the temperature sensor at a specific position is combined to find out curved surfaces and curves with remarkably changed temperature gradients and temperature change rates, wherein the corresponding position range when the temperature gradients and the temperature change rates are large is an energy concentration concentrated area, and the time range when the temperature gradients are remarkably changed corresponds to a process from the beginning of impact damage to the beginning of impact damage;
the fifth step: finding the temperature sensor closest to the energy concentration region by using the temperature change rate, and accurately determining the specific position of the energy concentration region according to the installation position parameters (including installation angle, layer burial depth relation and the like) of the temperature sensor
5.1: drawing a temperature change rate curve of the temperature sensor in the energy concentration concentrated area by using the temperature data monitored by the 4.3-step temperature sensor;
5.2: eliminating invalid temperature change rate curve to eliminate error value of environment temperature, and operating the temperature change rate curve obtained in the second stepValve with a valve bodyThe temperature change rate is used as a threshold value for determining the temperature change rate of the coal bed; then comparing the slope of each temperature change rate curve in the step 5.1 with the threshold, and when the slope of a certain temperature change rate curve is larger than a certain coefficient of the threshold, the temperature change rate curve is an invalid temperature change rate curve, otherwise, the temperature change rate curve is an effective temperature change rate curve;
5.3: comparing all the slopes of the effective temperature change rate curves, wherein the larger the slope of the curve is, the larger the temperature change rate is, and the closer the temperature change rate is to the energy concentration region, finding out the serial number of the temperature sensor corresponding to the temperature change rate curve with the largest slope of the curve based on the principle, finding out the position parameter of the temperature sensor according to the serial number of the temperature sensor, and pushing out the more specific position of the energy concentration region through the position parameter of the temperature sensor;
and a sixth step: determining hazard levels for regions of concentrated energy concentrations
6.1: according to the more specific position of impact energy aggregation obtained in the step 5.3, determining the occurrence process of impact damage by combining the time range of the temperature gradient obvious change area, calculating a monitoring value M corresponding to the temperature gradient curved surface with obvious change and a monitoring value E corresponding to the temperature change rate curve, and setting the temperature gradient early warning lower limit value of weak impact as M in advance1Temperature changeThe lower limit value of the rate early warning is E1(ii) a The lower limit value of the early warning temperature gradient of the medium impact is M2The lower limit value of the temperature change rate early warning is E2(ii) a The lower limit value of the temperature gradient early warning of strong impact is M3The lower limit value of the temperature change rate early warning is E3；
6.2: the temperature gradient monitoring value M of the energy concentration concentrated area and the temperature gradient early warning lower limit value M of the preset weak impact1Comparing the temperature change rate monitoring value E with the temperature change rate early warning lower limit value E1Comparing and judging whether the temperature gradient is larger than M1Whether the rate of change of the change temperature is greater than E1(ii) a If not, judging that no impact exists, and alarming without an alarm; if yes, an alarm is triggered to give an alarm, and early warning judgment of the danger level of the rock burst is further executed;
(1) if M is1≤M＜M2，E1≤E＜E2If so, judging the shock is weak, flashing the display screen to green, and sending out a weak shock green early warning;
(2) if M is2≤M＜M3，E2≤E＜E3If the shock is judged to be medium shock, the display screen flickers to be yellow, and yellow early warning of medium shock is sent out;
(3) if M > M3，E＞E3If the shock is strong, the display screen flickers to be red, and a strong shock red early warning is sent out;
the seventh step: and (4) specifying a rock burst prevention and control measure according to the specific position and danger level of the energy gathering concentrated area.
The implementation process of the invention is as follows:
(1) the protection pipe is preferably made of a material with corrosion resistance and poor heat transfer performance, and in order to adapt to complicated and changeable geological environments on site, the protection pipe adopts a multi-pipe splicing method to meet the requirement of monitoring length;
(2) the field punching operation comprises the following steps: and (4) selecting an area with a smooth wall surface, no breakage and a complete and safe top plate on site to carry out punching construction. For coal mine monitoring, a borehole is placed in a coal seam; for a tunnel construction area, a borehole is arranged in a rock stratum, and the borehole needs to be arranged along the direction of the rock stratum. And drilling by adopting a drill bit with the diameter phi of 32mm on site, wherein the hole axis vertically tilts upwards by 5 degrees, the hole depth is determined according to the coal seam or rock stratum high stress area and the position of the original rock stress range higher than the elastic area, and the drilling depth is slightly beyond the original rock stress area of the stress peak area.
(3) When the thickness of the coal seam or the rock stratum in the monitoring area is less than 3.0m, the monitoring drill hole is arranged in the middle of the coal seam or the rock stratum; when the thickness of the coal seam or the rock stratum is more than 3.0m, the number of drilling monitoring rows is set according to the specific thickness, a first row of drilling holes are arranged at a distance of 1.5m from the bottom plate of the coal seam or the rock stratum and are sequentially arranged upwards at an interval of 1.5m until the distance is within a range of 1.5m above the top plate;
(4) after the temperature measurement monitoring hole is drilled, an air gun is adopted to clean redundant dust in the hole, and paint spraying is carried out on an observation point in time;
(5) when the first temperature sensor protection tube is installed, the end head of the first temperature sensor protection tube needs to be sealed, a sealing nut is used for sealing the end part, high-consistency vaseline is smeared on a sealing surface for water prevention, friction among nuts is reduced, thread corrosion deformation is avoided, and high-consistency vaseline is also adopted at other joints for treatment;
(6) in order to avoid the influence of field construction on the installation of the temperature sensor protection tube, the exposed length of the field installation is required to be not more than 5 cm;
(7) in order to isolate the artificially released heat source in the underground chamber and reduce the influence of the external environment on the temperature field in the coal rock body as much as possible, yellow mud is required to be adopted for hole sealing, the hole sealing depth extends for at least 20cm from the surface of the surrounding rock to the hole, and the hole sealing also plays a role in fixing the protection pipe;
(8) and after the temperature sensor protection tube is installed, the temperature sensor protection tube needs to be marked with a tag in time, and after all temperature sensors in the waiting area are installed, unified connection and light-on power-on debugging are carried out. The power supply adopts an intrinsic safety type structure, can reliably run in a flammable and explosive environment, and can provide guarantee for online monitoring of mine rock burst in real time.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention relates to a rock burst/rockburst danger early warning evaluation method based on temperature gradients, which accurately captures the slight change of the temperature field gradients before and when the mining induced stress field impacts through a temperature sensor, simultaneously takes the temperature gradient value in the whole length range of a drill hole and the temperature change rate of a specific position of the drill hole as impact tendency evaluation indexes, and carries out quantitative qualitative and early warning analysis according to the indexes, wherein the 4 grades of no impact, weak impact, medium impact and strong impact are divided, and accurate danger relief is carried out according to the grades; the temperature sensor is continuously arranged and monitored from the surface of the drill hole to the position higher than the original rock stress of the elastic zone. The gradient change of a temperature field in a high stress area is monitored by adopting a temperature sensor, particularly an initial pressure and periodic pressure area, a working face square area and a geological structure complex area of a deep mine working face are monitored, the whole time period from the formation of a deep mining space to the end of mining can be covered, the accuracy of coal and rock dynamic disaster prediction in front of the mining working face is greatly improved, and a technical basis is provided for the fusion of various indexes of the coal and rock dynamic disaster. The device related to the method has the advantages of simple structure, easy installation, practical and feasible system, good shielding effect, good stability, no measurement loss and high practicability and economy; the ground intelligent mine system is combined, and the automatic analysis and judgment capability is realized without manual intervention; because the temperature measuring component is fixed in the coal body, the operation error can be effectively avoided, and the test accuracy is improved; the coal-rock mass temperature measurement component is small in size, simple and convenient to operate, suitable for areas with impact danger/rock burst performance, and capable of providing a novel impact danger early warning and evaluation method, external interference has little influence on the temperature measurement component penetrating into the coal mass, no influence is caused on underground coal mine production, and dynamic disasters such as mine impact, tunnel rock burst and the like can be early warned and graded evaluation can be carried out.
The rock burst danger early warning and evaluating method based on the temperature gradient provided by the invention monitors the temperature gradient signal change of a high stress area of a mining induced stress field according to a temperature sensor, the temperature gradient value in the whole length range of the drill hole and the temperature change rate of the specific position of the drill hole are judged in a grading and quantification way, the method synthesizes the position of the mining stress peak area of the working face of the deep mine and the variation of the strike thickness of the coal bed to adjust a monitoring area, monitors and covers the whole time period from the formation of the deep mining space to the end of mining, particularly the special periods of the initial pressure and the periodic pressure of the working face of the deep mine, the period of the working face seeing direction, the crossing geological structure complex area and the like, quantifies the impact tendency index by the early warning evaluation method, the method can accurately predict and forecast the coal mine rock burst/rock burst risk and the intensity level thereof, and provides a basis for early warning and evaluation of deep mine impact and tunnel rock burst.
Firstly, determining a high-stress area of a coal seam or a rock stratum and a range of the original rock stress higher than an elastic area by using a mining stress monitoring sensor, wherein the maximum monitoring depth of the temperature sensor is positioned at the position, on the elastic area side of the coal seam or the rock stratum, higher than the original rock stress of the elastic area; comparing the temperature gradients of all drill holes and combining the temperature change rates of the stress peak areas to find out the positions where the temperature gradients and the temperature change rates are changed obviously, wherein the corresponding position ranges when the temperature gradients and the temperature change rates are large are energy concentration concentrated positions, and the time ranges when the temperature gradients are changed obviously correspond to the processes from the beginning of impact damage to the beginning of impact damage, namely the range of the energy concentration concentrated area and the impact occurrence time are determined; and finally, predicting and evaluating the occurrence strength of the rock burst by using the average value of the temperature gradient of the energy concentration concentrated area and the average value of the temperature change rate of the fixed position, wherein a more accurate prevention and control measure can be prepared by using the specific position of the energy concentration concentrated area and the occurrence strength of the rock burst.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can also obtain other drawings according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a monitoring system diagram of a rock burst hazard early warning and evaluation method based on a temperature gradient;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a field layout of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the present invention for capturing the temperature field gradient in the high stress region;
FIG. 4 is a monitoring time and temperature evolution characteristic curve drawn based on the schematic diagram of FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a temperature sensor;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the connection of two single protection tubes based on FIG. 5;
fig. 7 is an overall framework diagram of the rock burst risk early warning and evaluation method based on the temperature gradient.
In the figure: 1-a temperature sensor; 2-a transmission line; 3-protecting the tube; 4-a protective tube housing; 5-temperature sensor probe; 6-temperature sensor base; 7-external threads at the end; 8-double-end nut of the internal thread connecting pipe.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, so that the advantages and features of the present invention can be more easily understood by those skilled in the art, and thus the protection scope of the present invention can be clearly and clearly defined.
The areas mainly monitored by the rock burst/rockburst risk early warning and evaluating method provided by the invention comprise: in deep rock engineering, such as a mine working face initial pressure and periodic pressure area, a working face square area, a geological structure complex area and the like, monitoring covers the whole time period from the formation of a deep mining space to the end of mining, which is a place where rock burst is easy to occur, and monitoring needs to be strengthened; the method for warning rock burst in these areas by using the method of the invention is described in detail below.
As shown in fig. 7, the rock burst risk early warning and evaluating method of the present invention is as follows.
The first step is as follows: preliminarily evaluating danger level of rock burst of to-be-monitored area
According to the existing impact area evaluation method, dangerous areas are divided, and the danger level of rock burst of an area to be monitored is evaluated, so that the monitored area is divided into a non-impact danger area, a weak-impact danger area, a medium-impact danger area and a strong-impact danger area.
The second step is that: obtaining the temperature change rate E of the test block when the rock of the area to be monitored is damaged
According to the national standard GBT 23561.1-2009 coal and rock physical and mechanical property measuring method, coal and rock sampling is carried out in an area to be monitored, a coal sample test block is processed in a laboratory, 28-day maintenance is carried out on the test block according to preset temperature and humidity, the test block is required to be 100mm multiplied by 100mm, and the surface of the test block is complete and smooth. Utilize the rock testing machine to strike and destroy the simulation experiment, adopt the thermal radiation to take photograph the appearance and carry out whole thermal radiation monitoring to the test block simultaneously, temperature change rate E when the record test block destroys to look for the test block and destroy the in-process temperature variation precursor law in the impact.
The third step: punching and arranging temperature sensor according to dangerous zone grade of to-be-monitored zone
Firstly, arranging mining stress monitoring sensors in an area to be monitored in advance for monitoring the change rule of a mining stress field so as to determine a coal seam or rock stratum high stress area and a native rock stress range higher than an elastic area; as shown in fig. 3, designing a temperature sensor arrangement scheme according to the original rock stress range of a coal seam or a rock stratum high stress area and a region higher than an elastic area, wherein the temperature sensor is required to be continuously arranged from the surface of a drill hole to a stress peak area; selecting key nodes including a roadway wall 0, a raw rock stress point A, a stress peak value B and a raw rock stress starting point C, and continuously subdividing other key nodes including surrounding rock depths L corresponding to OA curvesADepth L of wall rock corresponding to stress score in AC curveBWall rock depth L corresponding to source rock stress point in BC curveCThe maximum depth of the protection pipe 3 of the temperature pipe sensor is higher than the original rock stress range of the elastic region on the elastic region side of the coal bed or rock stratum.
Referring to fig. 2, the perforating operation in situ: and (4) selecting an area with a smooth wall surface, no breakage and a complete and safe top plate on site to carry out punching construction. For coal mine monitoring, a borehole is placed in a coal seam; for a tunnel construction area, a borehole is arranged in a rock stratum, and the borehole needs to be arranged along the direction of the rock stratum. And drilling by adopting a drill bit with the diameter phi of 32mm on site, wherein the axis of the hole vertically tilts upwards by 5 degrees, the hole depth is determined according to a high stress area of a coal seam or a rock stratum and the position of the stress range higher than that of the original rock, and the drilling depth is slightly beyond the original rock stress area of the high stress area. After the temperature measurement monitoring hole is drilled, an air gun is needed to clean redundant dust in the hole, and paint spraying marks are timely sprayed to conduct brand hanging management. The drill hole spacing, the row spacing and the arrangement spacing of the temperature sensors follow the following principles:
drilling and arranging sensors according to danger grades, wherein the drilling distance of a general strong impact danger area is 5m, the drilling distance of a medium impact danger area is 10m, the drilling distance of a weak impact area is 20m, and the drilling row pitch is 1.5 m; arranging a group of sensors in each drill hole along the depth of each drill hole at intervals of 0.2-0.5 m;
then arranging temperature sensors 1 in the monitoring holes, recording installation position parameters (including installation angles, layer burial depth relations and the like) of the temperature sensors, and carrying out listing management; the temperature influences the signal change of temperature sensor 1, decodes through the decoding appearance, turns into the current change with photoelectric signal, merges temperature gradient signal data into branch basic station in the pit through the signal line, and the rethread looped netowrk switch divides basic station signal to upload to main transmission signal cable in the pit, is connected to ground master control server database, see fig. 1.
In order to ensure the accuracy of the sensor, the temperature sensor 1 is arranged in the protection tube 3, the specific structure is shown in fig. 5, holes are formed in the tube wall of the protection tube 3 with two closed ends of a non-heat-conducting material, the temperature sensor 1 is arranged in the protection tube 3, the temperature sensor 1 is arranged at intervals of 1m, the temperature sensor base 6 is clamped on the protection tube shell 4, the temperature sensor probe 5 is exposed out of the holes, the end head, the holes and the like of the protection tube are sealed, the transmission line 2 of the temperature sensor is led out from the inner diameter of the protection tube 3, the sensor is sealed and fixed in the protection tube, and different groups of temperature sensors are installed on each protection tube according to actual conditions. In order to facilitate underground installation, the protection tubes are formed by screwing a plurality of protection tubes through threads, see fig. 6, during implementation, two protection tube ends are processed into external threads, and then an internal thread connecting tube double-end nut 8 is screwed on the external threads 7 of the two protection tube ends.
The fourth step: preliminary prediction of the region in which the energy concentration is concentrated using temperature gradients
4.1: the temperature of each temperature sensor 1 is collected in real time, and the temperature gradients of the adjacent sensors at different moments are determined according to the temperature difference delta T and the distance delta L of the adjacent temperature sensors 1.
In the formula: m is expressed as a temperature gradient value in ℃/M; the delta T is expressed as the corresponding monitoring temperature variation of the temperature sensor and is expressed in units of; Δ L is expressed as the adjacent monitor sensor distance in m.
4.2: temperature gradient early warning curved surface in acquisition of drilling length range
Drawing temperature gradient curved surfaces of areas to be monitored at different moments by taking time as an X axis of an abscissa, drilling depth as an Y axis of the abscissa and temperature monitoring values corresponding to the temperature sensors as a Z axis of an ordinate; that is, each adjacent sensor corresponds to a temperature gradient surface over time, see FIG. 4.
4.3: obtaining a temperature change rate curve of a specific position as an early warning curve
Collecting temperature values monitored by the temperature sensor at a specific position every 5-10 minutes, and then carrying out data analysis to obtain a temperature change rate curve of the temperature sensor at the specific position;
the specific site temperature refers to: respectively unfolding the mining induced stress field peak position to plastic areas and elastic areas on two sides to areas of the original rock stress position;
4.4: determining the energy concentration concentrated area according to the temperature gradient curve and the temperature change rate
During operation, the temperature gradient curved surface graphs of all drill holes are compared and combined with the temperature change rate of the stress peak area, curved surfaces and curves with the temperature gradients and the temperature change rate changing remarkably are found out, the corresponding position range when the temperature gradients and the temperature change rate are large is an energy gathering concentrated area, and the time range of the temperature gradient change curve is the process from the beginning of impact damage to the beginning of impact damage.
The fifth step: finding the temperature sensor closest to the energy concentration region by using the temperature change rate, and accurately determining the specific position of the energy concentration region according to the installation position parameters (including installation angle, layer buried depth relation and the like) of the temperature sensor, wherein the specific process comprises the following steps:
5.1: drawing a temperature change rate curve of the temperature sensor in the energy concentration concentrated area by using the temperature data monitored by the 4.3-step temperature sensor;
5.2: firstly, eliminating invalid temperature change rate curves, aiming at eliminating error numerical values of the environmental temperature, and during operation, taking the temperature change rate E obtained in the second step as a threshold value for determining the temperature change rate of the coal bed; and then comparing the slope of each temperature change rate curve with the threshold, and when the slope of a certain temperature change rate curve is greater than a certain coefficient of the threshold, the temperature change rate curve is an invalid temperature change rate curve, otherwise, the temperature change rate curve is an effective temperature change rate curve.
5.3: and comparing all the slopes of the effective temperature change rate curves, wherein the larger the slope of the curve is, the larger the temperature change rate is, and the closer the temperature change rate is to the energy concentration area, and based on the principle, finding out the temperature sensor number corresponding to the temperature change rate curve with the largest slope of the curve, and finding out the position parameter of the temperature sensor according to the temperature sensor number to further obtain the more exact position of the energy concentration area. And finding out a curve in which the temperature gradient in the length direction of the drill hole and the temperature change rate of the stress peak area are changed obviously, namely the position range corresponding to the temperature change rate is an energy gathering concentrated part, and further determining the generation process and the energy size by utilizing the temperature gradient.
And a sixth step: determining hazard levels for regions of concentrated energy concentrations
6.1: temperature change rate curve according to stress peak area
Determining the impact according to the more exact position of the concentrated region of the energy concentration and the time range of the region with the obvious change of the temperature gradientCalculating a monitoring value M corresponding to the temperature gradient curved surface with obvious change and a monitoring value E corresponding to the temperature change rate curve in the damage occurrence process, and setting the temperature gradient early warning lower limit value of weak impact as M in advance1The lower limit value of the temperature change rate early warning is E1(ii) a The lower limit value of the early warning temperature gradient of the medium impact is M2The lower limit value of the temperature change rate early warning is E2(ii) a The lower limit value of the temperature gradient early warning of strong impact is M3The lower limit value of the temperature change rate early warning is E3。
6.2: the temperature gradient monitoring value M of the energy concentration concentrated area and the temperature gradient early warning lower limit value M of the preset weak impact1Comparing the temperature change rate monitoring value E with the temperature change rate early warning lower limit value E1Comparing to determine whether the temperature gradient is greater than M1Whether the rate of change of the change temperature is greater than E1(ii) a If not, judging that no impact exists, and alarming without an alarm; and if so, activating an alarm to give an alarm, and further executing early warning judgment on the danger level of the rock burst.
(1) If M is1≤M＜M2，E1≤E＜E2If so, judging the shock is weak, flashing the display screen to green, and sending out a weak shock green early warning;
(2) if M is2≤M＜M3，E2≤E＜E3If the shock is judged to be medium shock, the display screen flickers to be yellow, and yellow early warning of medium shock is sent out;
(3) if M > M3，E＞E3If the shock is strong, the display screen flickers to be red, and a strong shock red early warning is sent out.
The seventh step: making corresponding concrete measures for preventing and treating rock burst according to danger level of the energy concentration concentrated area and concrete position of the energy concentration concentrated area
The measures for preventing and controlling the rock burst refer to the related measures in the prior art, such as coal seam injection hydrolysis danger, roof cutting pressure relief danger relieving, large-aperture pressure relief danger relieving and the like, and the measures are common general knowledge in the field and are not in the protection scope of the invention. And will not be described in detail.
The above is only one embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that are not thought of through the inventive work should be included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope defined by the claims.
Claims (6)
1. A rock burst/rockburst danger early warning evaluation method based on temperature gradient is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the first step is as follows: preliminary assessment of risk level of rock burst/rockburst in area to be monitored
Evaluating an impact area/rock burst of a region to be monitored, and determining a dangerous area and a dangerous grade of the region to be monitored according to an evaluation result, so that the monitoring region is divided into a non-impact dangerous area, a weak impact dangerous area, a medium impact dangerous area and a strong impact dangerous area;
the second step: obtaining the temperature change rate E of the test block when the rock of the area to be monitored is damaged
Sampling coal rock in a region to be monitored, carrying out impact damage experiment on a coal sample test block, and recording the temperature change rate E when the test block is damagedValve with a valve bodyThus being used as an early warning critical value;
the third step: arranging temperature sensors in the area to be monitored
Firstly, arranging mining stress monitoring sensors in an area to be monitored in advance for monitoring the change rule of a mining stress field so as to determine a coal seam or rock stratum high stress area and a native rock stress range higher than an elastic area; designing a drilling hole spacing and temperature sensor arrangement scheme in a coal seam or rock stratum high-stress area and a raw rock stress range higher than an elastic area, wherein the temperature sensors are required to be continuously arranged from the surface of a drilling hole to a stress peak area, and the maximum depth of the temperature sensors is monitored in the raw rock stress range higher than the elastic area and located on the elastic area side of the coal seam or rock stratum; designing arrangement spacing and row spacing of the temperature sensors according to the principle that the higher the risk level is, the more the number of the sensor groups are arranged according to the initially estimated risk level, recording the parameters of the installation positions of the temperature sensors, including the installation angles, the layer burial depth relation and the like), and carrying out listing management;
the fourth step: preliminary prediction of the region in which the energy concentration is concentrated using temperature gradients
4.1: the temperature of each temperature sensor is collected in real time, and the temperature gradients of the adjacent sensors at different moments are determined according to the temperature difference delta T and the distance delta L of the adjacent temperature sensors;
in the formula: m is expressed as a temperature gradient value in ℃/M; the delta T is expressed as the corresponding monitoring temperature variation of the temperature sensor and is expressed in units of; Δ L is expressed as the adjacent monitoring sensor distance in m;
4.2: temperature gradient early warning curved surface in acquisition of drilling length range
Drawing temperature gradient curved surfaces of areas to be monitored at different moments by taking time as an X axis of an abscissa, drilling depth as an Y axis of the abscissa and temperature monitoring values corresponding to the temperature sensors as a Z axis of an ordinate; that is, each adjacent sensor corresponds to a temperature gradient surface over time;
4.3: obtaining a temperature change rate curve of a specific position as an early warning curve
The temperature value monitored by the temperature sensor at the specific position is collected at regular time, and then data analysis is carried out to obtain a temperature change rate curve of the temperature sensor at the specific position;
the specific site temperature refers to: respectively unfolding the mining induced stress field peak position to plastic areas and elastic areas on two sides to areas of the original rock stress position;
4.4: primarily predicting an energy concentration concentrated region according to temperature gradient and temperature change rate
During operation, comparing temperature gradient curved surfaces of all drill holes and combining the temperature change rate of the temperature sensor at a specific position to find out curved surfaces and curves with remarkably changed temperature gradients and temperature change rates, wherein the corresponding position range when the temperature gradients and the temperature change rates are large is an energy concentration concentrated area, and the time range when the temperature gradients are remarkably changed corresponds to the process from the beginning of impact damage to the beginning of impact damage;
the fifth step: finding the temperature sensor closest to the energy concentration area by using the temperature change rate, and accurately determining the specific position of the energy concentration area according to the installation position parameters of the temperature sensor
5.1: drawing a temperature change rate curve of the temperature sensor in the energy concentration concentrated area by using the temperature data monitored by the 4.3-step temperature sensor;
5.2: eliminating invalid temperature change rate curve to eliminate error value of environment temperature, and operating the temperature change rate curve obtained in the second stepValve with a valve bodyAs a threshold value for determining the temperature change rate of the coal seam; then comparing the slope of each temperature change rate curve in the step 5.1 with the threshold, and when the slope of a certain temperature change rate curve is larger than a certain coefficient of the threshold, the temperature change rate curve is an invalid temperature change rate curve, otherwise, the temperature change rate curve is an effective temperature change rate curve;
5.3: comparing all the slopes of the effective temperature change rate curves, wherein the larger the slope of the curve is, the larger the temperature change rate is, and the closer the temperature change rate is to the energy concentration area, and based on the principle, finding out the temperature sensor number corresponding to the temperature change rate curve with the largest slope of the curve, finding out the position parameter of the temperature sensor number according to the temperature sensor number, and pushing out the more specific position of the energy concentration area through the position parameter of the temperature sensor;
and a sixth step: determining hazard levels for regions of concentrated energy concentrations
6.1: according to the more specific position of impact energy aggregation obtained in the step 5.3, determining the occurrence process of impact damage by combining the time range of the temperature gradient obvious change area, calculating a monitoring value M corresponding to the temperature gradient curved surface with obvious change and a monitoring value E corresponding to the temperature change rate curve, and setting the temperature gradient early warning lower limit value of weak impact as M in advance1The lower limit value of the temperature change rate early warning is E1(ii) a The lower limit value of the early warning temperature gradient of the medium impact is M2The lower limit value of the temperature change rate early warning is E2(ii) a The lower limit value of the temperature gradient early warning of strong impact is M3The lower limit value of the temperature change rate early warning is E3；
6.2: the temperature gradient monitoring value M of the energy concentration concentrated area and the temperature gradient early warning lower limit value M of the preset weak impact1Comparing the temperature change rate monitoring value E with the temperature change rate early warning lower limit value E1Comparing to determine whether the temperature gradient is greater than M1Whether the rate of change of the change temperature is greater than E1(ii) a If not, judging that no impact exists, and alarming without an alarm; if yes, an alarm is triggered to give an alarm, and early warning judgment of the danger level of the rock burst is further executed;
(1) if M is1≤M＜M2，E1≤E＜E2If so, judging the shock is weak, flashing the display screen to green, and sending out a weak shock green early warning;
(2) if M is2≤M＜M3，E2≤E＜E3If so, judging that the shock is medium shock, flashing a display screen to be yellow, and sending a yellow early warning of medium shock;
(3) if M > M3，E＞E3If the shock is strong, the display screen flickers to be red, and a strong shock red early warning is sent out;
the seventh step: and (4) specifying a rock burst prevention and control measure according to the specific position and danger level of the energy gathering concentrated area.
2. The method for early warning and evaluating rock burst/rock burst danger based on temperature gradient as claimed in claim, wherein the three drill hole spacing, the row spacing and the arrangement spacing of the temperature sensors follow the following principles: the distance between drill holes in the high impact dangerous area is 5m, the distance between drill holes in the medium impact dangerous area is 10m, the distance between drill holes in the low impact dangerous area is 20m, and the row spacing of the drill holes is 1.5 m; a group of sensors is arranged in each drill hole along the depth at intervals of 0.2-0.5 m.
3. The rock burst/rock burst risk early warning and evaluation method based on the temperature gradient as claimed in claim 1, wherein the temperature sensor is arranged in the protection tube, and the specific structure is as follows: the sensor is characterized in that a hole is formed in the pipe wall of a non-heat-conducting material protection pipe, a sensor is arranged in the protection pipe, a sensor base is clamped on the pipe wall, a sensor temperature sensing probe is exposed out of the hole and sealed, the sensor is fixed in the protection pipe, and different groups of temperature sensors are installed on each protection pipe according to actual conditions.
4. The method for early warning and evaluating the dangerousness of rock burst/rock burst based on temperature gradient as claimed in claim 2, wherein the protection pipe is formed by screwing a plurality of protection pipes through threads.
5. The method for early warning and evaluating the risk of rock burst/rock burst based on the temperature gradient as claimed in claim 1, wherein the parameters of the installation position of each temperature sensor in the step three at least include the relation between the installation angle and the buried depth of the horizon.
6. The method for early warning and evaluating the dangerousness of rock burst/rock burst based on temperature gradient as claimed in claim 1, wherein the timing in step 4.3 is every 5-10 minutes.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN116540299A (en) * | 2023-07-05 | 2023-08-04 | 煤炭科学研究总院有限公司 | Early warning method based on microseismic energy accumulation tendency for coal mine scene |
| CN116740329A (en) * | 2023-06-20 | 2023-09-12 | 武汉工程大学 | Deep roadway rock burst prevention and control method based on infrared monitoring technology |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116740329A (en) * | 2023-06-20 | 2023-09-12 | 武汉工程大学 | Deep roadway rock burst prevention and control method based on infrared monitoring technology |
| CN116740329B (en) * | 2023-06-20 | 2024-03-12 | 武汉工程大学 | Deep roadway rock burst prevention and control method based on infrared monitoring technology |
| CN116540299A (en) * | 2023-07-05 | 2023-08-04 | 煤炭科学研究总院有限公司 | Early warning method based on microseismic energy accumulation tendency for coal mine scene |
| CN116540299B (en) * | 2023-07-05 | 2023-09-26 | 煤炭科学研究总院有限公司 | Early warning method based on microseismic energy accumulation tendency for coal mine scene |
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