CN114635438A - Ecological retaining wall based on self-locking expansion effect and construction method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses an ecological retaining wall based on a self-locking expansion effect and a construction method, and relates to the technical field of civil and architectural engineering, wherein the ecological retaining wall comprises a supporting net, a concrete surface layer and an ecological surface layer which are sequentially arranged from bottom to top, and an expansion anchor rod penetrates through the concrete surface layer and the supporting net; ecological surface course is formed along horizontal and vertical gomphosis by a plurality of ecological abaculus, and the inflation stock is equipped with the sleeve including dismantling threaded rod and the anchor head of connection, threaded rod cover, and a plurality of inflation nails are connected to one side of sleeve towards the anchor head, and the inflation nail is followed threaded rod axial displacement to anchor head department along the sleeve under thrust effect to make the inflation nail open. The concrete surface layer, the ecological surface layer and the expansion anchor rod are combined to form a 'permanent temporary combination' form, so that the soil retaining structure is more stable, and the safety and the durability are high.

Description

Ecological retaining wall based on self-locking expansion effect and construction method thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of civil and architectural engineering, in particular to an ecological retaining wall based on self-locking expansion effect and a construction method thereof.

Background

The ecological retaining wall solves the problem of surface protection greening, greatly improves the ecological function of the retaining wall, and is widely used for slope protection. Although the current ecological retaining wall can play the role of green environmental protection, the overall stability is not enough, the construction difficulty is higher, and certain potential safety hazards exist. The prior art discloses a construction method of a chain lock type ecological block retaining wall, the chain lock type ecological block retaining wall is formed by overlapping a chain block made of reinforced concrete material and a block made of sand-free concrete material; the chain block and the building block have complex structures and great construction difficulty.

The retaining wall structure comprises a concrete prefabricated foundation, reinforced concrete prefabricated stand columns which are transversely arranged at intervals and fixedly connected with the foundation, and an assembly column which is formed by assembling a plurality of reinforced concrete prefabricated building blocks and ecological bags from bottom to top between two adjacent stand columns; set up the stock along the vertical interval of stand, the stock passes wall back of the body slope fracture surface anchoring in stabilizing the ground in situ, and the stock is fixed with the stand and is spliced. Although the anchor rod is combined with the retaining wall structure, the anchoring strength of the anchor rod and the soil body is not enough, and the overall stability is influenced.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide the ecological retaining wall based on the self-locking expansion effect and the construction method thereof.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:

in a first aspect, the embodiment of the invention provides an ecological retaining wall based on a self-locking expansion effect, which comprises a supporting net, a concrete surface layer and an ecological surface layer which are sequentially arranged from bottom to top, wherein an expansion anchor rod penetrates through the concrete surface layer and the supporting net; ecological surface course is formed along horizontal and vertical gomphosis by a plurality of ecological abaculus, and the inflation stock is equipped with the sleeve including dismantling threaded rod and the anchor head of connection, threaded rod cover, and a plurality of inflation nails are connected to one side of sleeve towards the anchor head, and the inflation nail is followed threaded rod axial displacement to anchor head department along the sleeve under thrust effect to make the inflation nail open.

As a further implementation, the ecological insert block has a protruding auxiliary inlay at one end and a recessed auxiliary inlay adapted to the protruding auxiliary inlay at the other end.

As a further implementation mode, grouting holes are uniformly distributed on the two side walls of the protruding auxiliary inlay and the inner side wall and the outer side wall of the sunken auxiliary inlay.

As a further implementation mode, one side of the ecological insert block is provided with a bulge, and the other side of the ecological insert block is provided with a groove matched with the bulge; the adjacent ecological inserted blocks on the same side of the ecological surface layer are distributed with the bulges and the grooves in a staggered way.

As a further implementation mode, the ecological insert block is provided with a plant growing hole which penetrates through the ecological insert block.

As a further implementation mode, the expansion nail is rotatably connected with the sleeve, and a nut used for pushing the sleeve is installed at one end of the threaded rod.

As a further implementation mode, barbs are arranged on the surface of the expansion nail, and the barbs and the expansion nail are at set included angles.

In a further implementation mode, in the expansion nail opening state, the threaded rod can be separated from the anchor head to replace the steel strand.

In a second aspect, the embodiment of the invention further provides a construction method of an ecological retaining wall based on the self-locking expansion effect, wherein a supporting net is laid along a slope surface, concrete is sprayed to form a concrete surface layer, and an ecological insert block is laid after the concrete surface layer reaches a set strength; then the expansion anchor rod is driven into the drilled hole, and the nut pedestal is fixed on the concrete surface layer.

As a further implementation mode, when the ecological surface layer is laid, the ecological inserts which are adjacent in the transverse direction are embedded through the protruding auxiliary inserts and the sunken auxiliary inserts, and the ecological inserts which are adjacent in the longitudinal direction are matched with the grooves through the protrusions; grouting the paved ecological surface layer;

when the expansion anchor rod is constructed, the expansion anchor rod is driven into a rock-soil layer at a pre-marked drilling position of a concrete surface layer, when a threaded drill bit is screwed into a specified depth, a nut is rotated to apply prestress, a sleeve and an expansion nail are pushed to move forwards until a sleeve is contacted with an anchor head, and the expansion nail is in an umbrella-shaped opening state; and then the threaded rod is withdrawn, the steel strand is inserted, and grouting is carried out subsequently.

The invention has the following beneficial effects:

the ecological surface layer formed by splicing plays a role in stabilizing the slope surface, and is matched with the expansion anchor rod, so that the sliding slope body meets the self-locking condition, and meanwhile, the expansion anchor rod can also be used as a safe reserve of a soil retaining structure, so that the safety and the durability of the soil retaining structure are further ensured; the supporting net and the concrete surface layer play a role of temporary supporting during construction, and the stability and the integrity of the whole structure can be enhanced; the ecological surface course and the expansion anchor rod in the later stage play a permanent supporting role, and the two combine each other to form the form of "facing the combination forever", can avoid later stage repeated construction, can alleviate work load by a wide margin, reduce construction cost.

Compared with the traditional building blocks, the through hole design of the vegetation hole can reduce the unit density of the building blocks, thereby reducing the base pressure and lowering the requirement of the wall on the bearing capacity of the foundation; meanwhile, the consumption of materials is reduced, the economic benefit is improved, and the functions of stabilizing the slope surface, keeping the water and soil to form ecological landscapes, beautifying the environment and improving the ecological benefit can be realized.

The sleeve and the expansion nail are arranged on the threaded rod of the expansion anchor rod, after the expansion anchor rod is driven into a soil body, the expansion nail is in an open state by screwing the nut, the friction between the expansion nail and the soil body is increased, then the threaded rod is pulled out, and the prestressed steel strand is driven into the expansion anchor rod to improve the pulling-resistant bearing capacity, so that the expansion anchor rod is economical and efficient.

The ecological embedded blocks form a corrugated matching surface through the protrusions and the grooves which are arranged in a staggered mode, so that the ecological embedded blocks are contacted more tightly, the whole ecological surface layer has certain flexibility, and the safety and the durability are improved.

Drawings

The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are included to illustrate an exemplary embodiment of the invention and not to limit the invention.

FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of an ecological insert according to one or more embodiments of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of an ecological layer structure according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure;

fig. 3 is a schematic view of an expansion bolt construction according to one or more embodiments of the present invention;

fig. 4 is a structural view illustrating an expanded state of the expansion anchor according to one or more embodiments of the present invention;

fig. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the expansion anchor according to one or more embodiments of the invention in the position of the expansion nail when the expansion anchor is wholly closed;

fig. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the invention at the sleeve when the expansion bolt is fully closed according to one or more embodiments;

FIG. 7 is a schematic illustration of a steel strand structure according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 8 is a schematic illustration of a connection of a steel strand to an anchor head according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure;

fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of the self-locking.

Wherein, 1, the auxiliary inlay is protruded; 101. a first protrusion side wall; 102. a second tab sidewall; 2. recessing the auxiliary inlay; 201. a first recess outer side wall; 202. a first recess inner side wall; 203. a second recess inner side wall; 204. a second recess outer side wall; 3. planting holes; 4. a protrusion; 5. a third grouting hole; 6. a second grouting hole; 7. a first grouting hole; 8. a threaded rod; 9. a nut; 10. a sleeve; 11. expansion nails; 12. an anchor head; 13. steel strand wires; 14. and (4) a groove.

Detailed Description

The first embodiment is as follows:

the embodiment provides an ecological retaining wall based on a self-locking expansion effect, which comprises an ecological surface layer, a steel wire mesh, a concrete surface layer and an expansion anchor rod, wherein a supporting net, the concrete surface layer and the ecological surface layer are sequentially arranged from bottom to top, and the concrete surface layer is formed by pouring concrete on the surface of the supporting net; the whole stability is enhanced and the permanent combination effect is achieved. The expansion anchor rod penetrates through the concrete surface layer and the supporting net to be anchored with the soil body.

The supporting net of this embodiment is a steel wire net or a wire mesh.

As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the ecological surface layer is formed by splicing a plurality of ecological inserts, one end of each ecological insert is provided with a protruding auxiliary inlay 1, the other end of each ecological insert is provided with a sunken auxiliary inlay 2, and adjacent ecological inserts arranged transversely are embedded through the protruding auxiliary inlay 1 and the sunken auxiliary inlay 2.

The transverse direction and the longitudinal direction of the present embodiment are relative concepts, and one of the directions in the same plane is the transverse direction, and the other perpendicular direction is the longitudinal direction.

One side of the ecological insert block is provided with a protrusion 4, the other side of the ecological insert block is provided with a groove 14, and adjacent ecological insert blocks which are arranged along the longitudinal direction are embedded through the protrusion 4 and the groove 14; wherein the ecological embedded blocks are vertically and transversely vertical, and ecological surface layers are spliced by matching the protruding auxiliary inlay 1 with the recessed auxiliary inlay 2, the protrusion 4 and the groove 14.

In the present embodiment, the protruding auxiliary inlay 1 is a rectangular parallelepiped block-shaped structure, and the recessed auxiliary inlay 2 is a rectangular parallelepiped groove-shaped structure adapted to the protruding auxiliary inlay 1; the cross section of the bulge 4 is circular arc, and the shape of the groove 14 is matched with that of the bulge 4. In the ecological surface course, with same side arch 4 and recess 14 alternative arrangement to form the corrugate contact surface, make to connect more firmly between the ecological abaculus, and make retaining structure have certain flexibility.

Moreover, the dimensions of the protrusions 4 and the recesses 14 are smaller than those of the protruding auxiliary inlay 1 and the recessed auxiliary inlay 2, facilitating the laying of the ecological facing.

It will be appreciated that in other embodiments, the protruding auxiliary inlay 1, the recessed auxiliary inlay 2, the protuberance 4 and the groove 14 may be of other shapes.

Ecological abaculus is seted up the planting hole 3 that runs through along the horizontal and vertical plane of place of perpendicular to, and planting hole 3 can be square hole, round hole or other shapes, can keep soil and water when playing the reinforcement effect through planting green plant, prevents to produce the external silt effect that forms with the soil body effect.

As shown in fig. 1, a first protrusion side wall 101 is formed on one side of the protrusion auxiliary inlay 1, and a second protrusion side wall 102 is formed on the other side of the protrusion auxiliary inlay, wherein a plurality of first grouting holes 7 are respectively formed in the first protrusion side wall 101 and the second protrusion side wall 102, and the first grouting holes 7 do not penetrate through the protrusion side wall.

The outer side of the concave auxiliary inlay 2 forms a first concave part side wall 201 and a second concave part outer side wall 204 which are opposite, the inner side of the concave auxiliary inlay 2 forms a first concave part inner side wall 202 and a second concave part inner side wall 203 which are opposite, and a plurality of second grouting holes 6 are arranged on each concave part side wall. The first recess side wall 201 (second recess outer side wall 204) and the second grout hole 6 of the first recess inner side wall 202 (second recess inner side wall 203) may or may not communicate.

The top wall of the sinking auxiliary inlay 2 between the first concave part inner side wall 202 and the second concave part inner side wall 203 is provided with a third grouting hole 5; and a certain gap is formed at the junction of the adjacent embedding blocks, and the adjacent ecological embedding blocks are bonded and fixed by grouting into the first grouting hole 7, the second grouting hole 6 and the third grouting hole 5 through the gap, so that tight connection is realized.

As shown in fig. 3, 5 and 6, the expansion anchor rod comprises a threaded rod 8, an anchor head 12, a sleeve 10 and an expansion nail 11, wherein one end of the threaded rod 8 is detachably connected with the anchor head 12; in this embodiment, the threaded rod 8 is threadedly connected to the anchor head 12, and the anchor head 12 is provided with an internally threaded bore.

The sleeve 10 is sleeved outside the threaded rod 8, and a plurality of expansion nails 11 are uniformly distributed on one side of the sleeve 10 facing the anchor head 12 in the circumferential direction; in the closed state, the total length of the sleeve 10 and the expansion nail 11 is less than the length of the threaded rod 8. One end of the expansion nail 11 is rotatably connected with the sleeve 10, and under the pushing action, the other end of the expansion nail 11 rotates around the rotating end to open the expansion nail 11.

The number of the expansion nails 11 is set according to the actual anchoring requirement, for example, six, or other numbers. The expansion nail 11 surface is arranged with the barb of metal material, can be the steel barb, increases the anchor power to the soil body. The barbs and the expansion nails 11 form a certain acute angle along the insertion direction, and the distribution of the barbs can be determined according to the engineering requirements.

In this embodiment, the anchor head 12 is a conical structure, and the anchor head 12 has threads distributed circumferentially.

The nut 9 is installed at the other end of the threaded rod 8, the nut 9 is located at the other side of the sleeve 10, the nut 9 is rotated to push the sleeve 10, the expansion nail 11 moves along the axial direction of the threaded rod 8 along with the sleeve 10 until the end part, connected with the expansion nail 11, of the sleeve 10 is in contact with the anchor head 12, as shown in figure 4, at the moment, the expansion nail 11 is radially expanded along the threaded rod 8, and an umbrella-shaped structure is formed.

After the expansion nail 11 is opened, the threaded rod 8 is separated from the anchor head 12, and the threaded rod 8 and the nut 9 are pulled out; as shown in fig. 7 and 8, the steel strand 13 is inserted into the center of the anchor head 12 through the sleeve 10 as an expansion screw core, and then concrete is poured into the rock cave formed by drilling the anchor head 12, thereby forming an expansion screw made of concrete.

As shown in FIG. 9, when a frictional force exists, the reaction force of the bearing surface against the balancing object includes a normal reaction force F_NAnd tangential friction force F_SThe resultant of these two forces is called the fully constrained reaction of the bearing surface

The angle between it and the supporting surface

Will vary with the active force, when the object is locatedIn the critical state of equilibrium,

the angle reaches a maximum value

Maximum value of included angle between full constraint force and normal line

Referred to as the rubbing angle.

If the line of action of the resultant Q of the main forces acting on the body is within the friction angle, there is always a full reaction force, no matter how large this force is

In equilibrium therewith, the object remains stationary. This equilibrium condition, independent of the magnitude of the force and dependent on the friction angle, is called a self-locking condition. The phenomenon of the object balancing under such conditions is called self-locking.

Self-locking is applied to the embodiment, the soil slope is simplified into a mechanical model consisting of two parts, namely a weak sliding surface on the upper layer and a hard rock layer on the lower layer, wherein the weak sliding surface is a main factor causing landslide, namely the key point for governing. The weak slip surface is under the natural state of not being administered, receive the supporting force and frictional force of self gravity, hard terrane, because the friction factor between soil body and terrane is less, so the slip surface receives the resultant force of the main power and is not in the angle range of auto-lock, unsatisfied auto-lock condition, therefore very easy to take place the soil body landslide under the condition not administered.

After the expansion anchor rod is driven into a rock stratum, prestress is applied through the rotating nut 9, the sleeve 10 and the expansion nail 11 are pushed to move forwards until the sleeve 10 is contacted with the anchor head 12, and at the moment, the expansion nail 11 is in a rib-shaped opening state. Besides the function of a common anchor rod, when the expansion anchor rod enters the soil layer, the friction between the expansion nail 11 and the rock body is superposed on the basis of the friction between the original soil body and the rock body, so that the effect of improving the friction factor is achieved macroscopically, and the effect is equal to the increase of the friction factor

The self-locking condition range is enlarged. Under the same stress state, the soft sliding surface of which the resultant force of the original main power is not within the self-locking angle range meets the self-locking condition, so that the self-locking effect is achieved, and the effect of preventing the soil body from sliding down is achieved.

Example two:

the embodiment provides a construction method of an ecological retaining wall based on a self-locking expansion effect.

In the embodiment, the expansion anchor rod is directly driven into the soil body from the vegetation hole, and the expansion anchor rod is not inserted into each vegetation hole according to specific engineering conditions; the expansion anchor rods are inserted into the plant growing holes which meet the engineering requirements, and ecological plants are planted in the plant growing holes which do not meet the engineering requirements.

The method specifically comprises the following steps:

the construction method for forming the ecological surface layer by adopting the ecological embedded blocks which are connected in a staggered manner comprises the following steps:

1) and (5) constructing and setting out, leveling the foundation, and paving a steel wire mesh foundation on the soft slope.

2) And spraying concrete slurry on the steel wire mesh base to form a concrete surface layer.

3) Laying an ecological surface layer above the concrete surface layer, vertically arranging the protruding auxiliary inlays and the recessed auxiliary inlays, pasting two side walls of the upper protruding auxiliary inlay part with the left inner wall and the right inner wall of the lower recessed part, wherein the included angle of the adjacent inlays is 0 degree, and the protrusions and the groove parts of the corrugated contact surface on the single side are staggered.

4) The lateral direction is attached to the concave groove by the convex of the corrugated contact surface.

5) Grouting the paved ecological surface layer embedded block according to the reserved grouting hole until the designed strength is achieved.

The construction method of the expansion anchor rod comprises the following steps:

1) and (5) constructing and setting out, leveling the foundation, and paving a steel wire mesh foundation on the soft slope.

2) And spraying concrete slurry on the steel wire mesh base to form a concrete surface layer.

3) The expansion anchor rod is driven into the rock-soil layer at the position of a drill hole marked in advance on the concrete surface layer, when the threaded drill bit is screwed into a specified depth, the motor rotates the nut to apply prestress, the sleeve and the expansion nail are pushed to move forwards until the sleeve is contacted with the anchor head, and at the moment, the expansion nail is in an umbrella-shaped opening state and is stably tied in the slip surface. And then the threaded rod is withdrawn, the steel strand is inserted, and grouting is carried out.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims (10)

1. An ecological retaining wall based on a self-locking expansion effect is characterized by comprising a supporting net, a concrete surface layer and an ecological surface layer which are sequentially arranged from bottom to top, wherein an expansion anchor rod penetrates through the concrete surface layer and the supporting net; ecological surface course is formed along horizontal and vertical gomphosis by a plurality of ecological abaculus, and the inflation stock is equipped with the sleeve including dismantling threaded rod and the anchor head of connection, threaded rod cover, and a plurality of inflation nails are connected to one side of sleeve towards the anchor head, and the inflation nail is followed threaded rod axial displacement to anchor head department along the sleeve under thrust effect to make the inflation nail open.

2. The ecological retaining wall based on self-locking expansion effect according to claim 1, wherein the ecological insert block has a protruding auxiliary inlay at one end and a recessed auxiliary inlay adapted to the protruding auxiliary inlay at the other end.

3. The ecological retaining wall based on the self-locking expansion effect as claimed in claim 2, wherein grouting holes are formed on both sidewalls of the protruding auxiliary inlay and on inner and outer sidewalls of the recessed auxiliary inlay.

4. The ecological retaining wall based on the self-locking expansion effect as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ecological insert block has a protrusion on one side and a groove matched with the protrusion on the other side; the adjacent ecological inserted blocks on the same side of the ecological surface layer are distributed with the bulges and the grooves in a staggered way.

5. The ecological retaining wall based on the self-locking expansion effect as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ecological insert is provided with plant growing holes therethrough.

6. The ecological retaining wall based on the self-locking expansion effect as claimed in claim 1, wherein the expansion nail is rotatably connected with the sleeve, and a nut for pushing the sleeve is installed at one end of the threaded rod.

7. The ecological retaining wall based on the self-locking expansion effect as claimed in claim 1, wherein the surface of the expansion nail is provided with barbs, and the barbs and the expansion nail form a set included angle.

8. The ecological retaining wall based on the self-locking expansion effect as claimed in claim 1, wherein the threaded rod can be separated from the anchor head to be replaced by a steel strand in the expanded state of the expansion nail.

9. The construction method of an ecological retaining wall based on the self-locking expansion effect as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein a supporting net is laid along the slope surface, and concrete is sprayed to form a concrete surface layer, and the ecological inserts are laid after the concrete surface layer reaches a set strength; then the expansion anchor rod is driven into the drilled hole, and the nut pedestal is fixed on the concrete surface layer.

10. The construction method of an ecological retaining wall based on the self-locking expansion effect as claimed in claim 9, wherein when laying the ecological surface course, the ecological inserts adjacent in the transverse direction are embedded by the protruding auxiliary inlays and the recessed auxiliary inlays, and the ecological inserts adjacent in the longitudinal direction are matched with the grooves by the protrusions; grouting the paved ecological surface layer;

when the expansion anchor rod is constructed, the expansion anchor rod is driven into a rock-soil layer at a pre-marked drilling position of a concrete surface layer, when a threaded drill bit is screwed into a specified depth, a nut is rotated to apply prestress, a sleeve and an expansion nail are pushed to move forwards until a sleeve is contacted with an anchor head, and the expansion nail is in an umbrella-shaped opening state; and then the threaded rod is withdrawn, the steel strand is inserted, and grouting is carried out subsequently.

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