CN114627730A - Braille electronic book - Google Patents
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- CN114627730A CN114627730A CN202210332760.7A CN202210332760A CN114627730A CN 114627730 A CN114627730 A CN 114627730A CN 202210332760 A CN202210332760 A CN 202210332760A CN 114627730 A CN114627730 A CN 114627730A
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- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
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- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000013527 convolutional neural network Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007781 pre-processing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011176 pooling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 10
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical group [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003709 image segmentation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007779 soft material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013528 artificial neural network Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002790 cross-validation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
- G09B21/00—Teaching, or communicating with, the blind, deaf or mute
- G09B21/001—Teaching or communicating with blind persons
- G09B21/003—Teaching or communicating with blind persons using tactile presentation of the information, e.g. Braille displays
- G09B21/004—Details of particular tactile cells, e.g. electro-mechanical or mechanical layout
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
- G09B21/00—Teaching, or communicating with, the blind, deaf or mute
- G09B21/001—Teaching or communicating with blind persons
- G09B21/007—Teaching or communicating with blind persons using both tactile and audible presentation of the information
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- Audiology, Speech & Language Pathology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a Braille electronic book which comprises a camera, a communication module, a data storage module, a Braille display module, a voice playing module, a microprocessor and a placing rack, wherein the camera is arranged on the communication module; the communication module is used for communicating with an upper computer to realize character information input; the camera is used for shooting an image of character data to be input on the placing rack, and the microprocessor identifies character information in the image; the acquired text information is stored in a storage module; after the text information is acquired, the microprocessor converts the text information into voice information and plays the voice information through the voice playing module and/or converts the text information into a driving signal, and drives the Braille display module to display corresponding Braille through the driving signal. The invention can read the content on the common paper printed product, solves the problem that the existing braille reader must be matched with a computer for use, and greatly expands the information source of the braille.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of scanning readers, in particular to a Braille electronic book.
Background
At present, the field of Braille books mainly takes specially manufactured Braille books as main materials, the Braille books are expensive, large in size and extremely small in publication amount, and a large number of Braille books are difficult to buy and read for general blind people. Although a Braille library is established in part of cities, the Braille library is limited to large and medium-sized cities, the quantity of the Braille library is far smaller than the actual demand, and the blind people are inconvenient to go out, so that the problem that the blind people can get into the library by taking vehicles in various obstacles is greatly challenged.
Meanwhile, although a braille touch reader has been developed and can be applied to the use of computers, it is expensive and high in learning cost due to its complicated function. And the general blind people are hard to bear. In addition, the Braille reader is not optimized for reading, so that a large number of Braille books cannot be acquired, and reading is carried out in a flow-process manner.
In summary, there is a need for a braille electronic book that is easy to obtain book information, low in cost, and easy to operate.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a Braille electronic book, which aims to solve the technical problems of high price, high learning cost and no related optimization aiming at reading caused by complex functions of the existing Braille touch reader.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a Braille electronic book comprises an electronic book main body, wherein a camera support, a Braille display module, a voice playing module and a placing rack for placing character data to be input are arranged on the electronic book main body; a data storage module, a communication module and a microprocessor are arranged in the electronic book main body; the camera support is provided with a camera, and when the character data to be input is placed on the placing rack, the character data to be input is located in a shooting area of the camera;
the communication module is used for communicating with an upper computer to realize text information input and storing the input text information to the storage module, the camera is used for shooting an image of text data to be input on the placing rack, the microprocessor identifies the text information according to the shot image and stores the identified text information to the storage module; after the text information is acquired, the microprocessor converts the text information into voice information and plays the voice information through the voice playing module and/or converts the text information into a driving signal, and drives the Braille display module to display corresponding Braille through the driving signal.
Further, the microprocessor identifies text information therein according to the photographed image, including:
preprocessing the shot image; the preprocessing process sequentially comprises graying processing and binarization processing of an image, wherein an algorithm adopted by the binarization processing is an Otsu algorithm;
and based on the preprocessed image, adopting a preset convolutional neural network to realize character recognition.
Further, the preset convolutional neural network is a YOLO network.
Further, the YOLO network includes:
network input: 448 × 448 × 3 images;
an intermediate layer: the system comprises a plurality of convolution layers and a maximum pooling layer, and is used for extracting abstract features of an image;
full connection layer: the system consists of two fully-connected layers and is used for predicting the position and the category probability value of a target;
and (3) network output: 7 × 7 × 30 prediction results.
Furthermore, the Braille display module comprises a plurality of six-point Braille display dot matrixes which are uniformly arranged in the transverse direction, a metal contact is arranged in each hole in each six-point Braille display dot matrix, the bottom of each metal contact is connected with a lever mechanism, and the lever mechanism is connected with the electromagnet; the microprocessor controls the power-on state of the electromagnet through outputting a driving signal, so that the lever mechanism is driven by the electromagnet to drive the metal contact to lift, and corresponding braille is displayed.
Furthermore, each metal contact is wrapped by a soft material outer sleeve; the electromagnet is positioned at the front end of the six-point Braille display dot matrix.
Further, the driving signal is isolated from an external circuit through a photoelectric coupling amplifier, and current amplification is realized.
Furthermore, a programmable multifunctional button is further arranged on the electronic book main body and used for controlling the working state of the Braille electronic book.
The technical scheme provided by the invention has the beneficial effects that at least:
aiming at the problem that the existing Braille touch reader is high in cost, the invention provides the method that a cottex M3 series on-chip system with low cost and low power consumption is adopted as a processor, and the problem of function redundancy of the existing touch reader is abandoned through special development aiming at reading, so that the volume of the system is reduced, the function density is improved, and the function of the Braille electronic book can be realized on a more entry-level chip; meanwhile, the touch-reading module is innovatively controlled by a machine, and the device triggers the lifting of the iron core through the electromagnetic attraction generated by the electromagnet in a power-on state, so that a lever mechanism is driven to realize the lifting of the driving contact. The Braille display unit with six contacts as one group forms different Braille through different combination conditions of contact lifting, so that the cost and the maintenance difficulty can be greatly reduced. Through the two schemes, the manufacturing cost of the Braille electronic book is greatly reduced.
Meanwhile, the electronic braille book provided by the invention solves the problem that reading is inconvenient because the existing braille touch reader does not carry out special optimization on reading, eliminates hardware peripherals and software programs irrelevant to reading, and develops a set of simple user UI. The user can not meet complicated UI levels in the using process and can easily get on hand.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a Braille electronic book provided by an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a workflow of a Braille electronic book provided by an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a YOLO convolutional neural network.
Description of reference numerals:
1. a camera head bracket;
2. a Braille display module;
3. a voice playing module;
4. placing a rack;
5. a camera;
6. a programmable multi-function button.
Detailed Description
To make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Aiming at the problems that the existing braille touch reader is complex in function, expensive in price, high in learning cost, free of relevant optimization for reading and the like, the embodiment provides the braille electronic book which is convenient to acquire book information, low in price and convenient to operate, as shown in fig. 1, the braille electronic book comprises an electronic book main body, wherein a camera support 1, a braille display module 2, a voice playing module 3 and a placing rack 4 for placing character data to be input are arranged on the electronic book main body; a data storage module, a communication module and a microprocessor are arranged in the electronic book main body; be provided with camera 5 on the camera support 1, when treating to type into the literal data and being arranged in on the rack 4, treat to type into the literal data and be located in the shooting region of camera 5.
Based on the above, as shown in fig. 2, the working flow of the braille electronic book of the embodiment has two input modes in the actual use process: the communication module is communicated with an upper computer to realize the input of text information, and the input text information is stored in the storage module; the camera 5 is used for shooting an image of the character data to be recorded on the placing rack 4, the microprocessor is used for identifying character information according to the shot image, and the identified character information is stored in the storage module;
after the text information is acquired, the microprocessor reads the text information from the storage module, converts the text information into voice information, and plays the voice information through the voice playing module 3; meanwhile, the microprocessor converts the text information into a driving signal through a preset program, outputs the driving signal to the Braille display module 2, and drives the Braille display module 2 to output the touch Braille.
The parallel output of the braille and the voice of the braille information is realized through the two branch flows.
Further, after acquiring the image information with characters, the microprocessor identifies the character information according to the shot image through three processes: image preprocessing, image segmentation and character recognition.
The image preprocessing sequence comprises the gray processing and the binarization processing of the image. In this embodiment, the graying process is performed according to the change relationship between RGB and YUV color space, where the physical meaning of the Y component is the luminance of a point, and the value reflects the luminance level, so that the correspondence between the luminance Y and R, G, B can be established according to the change relationship between RGB and YUV color space: y is 0.3R +0.59G +0.11B, so that the gradation value of the image is expressed with this luminance value. The method is used for traversing all the pixel points to obtain the converted gray level image, and the gray level is L.
The binarization processing is a part where it is desired to more highlight characters in an image, and since characters on a general printed matter are black, a background is white or light, and an area difference between an object and the background is large in a histogram, that is, a double peak is conspicuous in the histogram, the binarization processing can be performed on the image well by using the Otsu algorithm, which is also called a maximum inter-class variance method. The algorithm is simple to execute, can automatically find the optimal Threshold intensity (Threshold intensity) between classes, has low requirements on the performance of the processor, and meets the model selection of the processor (the cotex M3 series system on chip) adopted by the embodiment.
The work flow of the Otsu algorithm is as follows:
by finding the maximum inter-class differences between classes
To determine an inter-class threshold intensity I of the imaget：
Wb,WfNumber of pixels in background (foreground)/total number of pixels
μb,μfAverage intensity of background (foreground)
Comparing each ItCalculated
Selecting
Maximum ItAs a classification criterion, a threshold I for gray level of a pixel in an image is settThe division into two categories, i.e. the background has a grey level of 0 to (I)t-1) the gray level of the foreground is It～L。
The image segmentation and character recognition part comprises one of the important innovations of the invention, namely the convolution neural network is used for realizing the character recognition function. In this embodiment, a YOLO convolutional neural network is implemented by using tensoflow, which uses a "divide-and-conquer" strategy to divide an image into 7 × 7 grids on average, each grid is responsible for predicting the target whose center point falls within the grid, and the flow is shown in fig. 3.
The specific structure of the YOLO network is as follows:
network input: 448 × 448 × 3 images;
an intermediate layer: the image processing system consists of a plurality of convolution layers and a maximum pooling layer and is used for extracting abstract features of an image;
full connection layer: the system consists of two fully-connected layers and is used for predicting the position and the category probability value of a target;
and (3) network output: 7 × 7 × 30 prediction results.
Training the network by using 10 ten thousand different types of labeled images to obtain the parameters of the network convolution kernel. The cross validation accuracy of ten folds is more than 95%, and the network meets the basic requirements and is applied to a Braille electronic book system. In the application process, the user only needs to put the article under the scanner, and the network can obtain the classification result.
Further, another innovation of the invention is that a special Braille display module 2 is adopted, and the Braille display module 2 is an important transmission way for transmitting Braille information to the blind. Considering the performance and cost comprehensively, the invention adopts the micro direct current electromagnet as the driving device of the Braille display module 2.
Specifically, the braille display module 2 includes six braille display dot matrixes that a plurality of horizontal evenly set up, each downthehole metal contact that all is provided with by soft material overcoat parcel in six braille display dot matrixes, the bottom of metal contact is connected with a plurality of miniature lever mechanisms, lever mechanism links to each other with the electro-magnet, the electro-magnet is located six braille display dot matrix front ends. The mechanical driving process is as follows:
and after receiving the signal carrying the Braille information, the microprocessor converts the signal into high and low levels and outputs the high and low levels through the I/O port. The signal is isolated from an external circuit through a photoelectric coupling amplifier, and the amplification of current is realized, so that an iron core of a load electromagnet is driven to move up and down, and finally the display of touch-readable braille is realized. The Braille display module 2 triggers the lifting of the iron core through the electromagnetic attraction generated by the electromagnet in the electrified state, so that the lever mechanism is driven to drive the metal contact to lift. The Braille display unit with six contacts as a group forms different Braille through different combination conditions of lifting and lowering of the contacts, thereby displaying Braille information.
Further, a programmable multifunctional button 6 is further disposed on the electronic book body, and the button is used for controlling the operating state of the braille electronic book, such as the on/off state of the electronic book, the operating state of the camera 5, the operating state of the braille display module 2, the operating state of the voice playing module 3, and the like.
In summary, the embodiment proposes that a cortex M3 series system-on-chip with low cost and low power consumption is adopted as a processor for solving the problem of expensive cost of the existing braille touch reader, and by developing the special reading item, the problem of function redundancy of the existing touch reader is abandoned, so that the volume of the system is reduced, the function density is improved, and the function of the braille electronic book can be realized on a more entry-level chip; and meanwhile, a touch-reading module controlled by machinery is innovatively adopted, and the device triggers the lifting of the iron core through the electromagnetic attraction generated by the electromagnet in the electrified state, so that a lever mechanism is driven to realize the lifting of the driving contact. The Braille display unit with six contacts as a group forms different Braille through different combination conditions of lifting and lowering of the contacts, so that the cost and the maintenance difficulty can be greatly reduced. Through the two schemes, the manufacturing cost of the Braille electronic book is greatly reduced.
Meanwhile, the electronic braille book of the embodiment solves the problem that reading is inconvenient because the existing braille reader does not carry out special optimization on reading, eliminates hardware peripherals and software programs irrelevant to reading, and develops a set of simple user UI. The user can not meet complicated UI levels in the using process and can easily get on hand.
Further, it should be noted that, in this document, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or terminal apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or terminal apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a process, method, article, or terminal that comprises the element.
Finally, it should be noted that while the above describes a preferred embodiment of the invention, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that, once the basic inventive concepts have been learned, numerous changes and modifications may be made without departing from the principles of the invention, which shall be deemed to be within the scope of the invention. Therefore, it is intended that the appended claims be interpreted as including preferred embodiments and all such alterations and modifications as fall within the scope of the embodiments of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. A Braille electronic book is characterized by comprising an electronic book main body, wherein the electronic book main body is provided with a camera support, a Braille display module, a voice playing module and a placing rack for placing character data to be input; a data storage module, a communication module and a microprocessor are arranged in the electronic book main body; the camera support is provided with a camera, and when the character data to be input is placed on the placing rack, the character data to be input is located in a shooting area of the camera;
the communication module is used for communicating with an upper computer to realize text information input and storing the input text information to the storage module, the camera is used for shooting an image of text data to be input on the placing rack, the microprocessor identifies the text information according to the shot image and stores the identified text information to the storage module; after the text information is acquired, the microprocessor converts the text information into voice information and plays the voice information through the voice playing module and/or converts the text information into a driving signal, and drives the Braille display module to display corresponding Braille through the driving signal.
2. The braille electronic book of claim 1, wherein the microprocessor identifies textual information therein based on the captured image, including:
preprocessing the shot image; the preprocessing process sequentially comprises graying processing and binarization processing of an image, wherein an algorithm adopted by the binarization processing is an Otsu algorithm;
and based on the preprocessed image, adopting a preset convolutional neural network to realize character recognition.
3. The braille electronic book of claim 2, wherein the predetermined convolutional neural network is a YOLO network.
4. The braille electronic book of claim 3, wherein the YOLO network includes:
network input: 448 × 448 × 3 images;
intermediate layer: the system comprises a plurality of convolution layers and a maximum pooling layer, and is used for extracting abstract features of an image;
full connection layer: the system consists of two fully-connected layers and is used for predicting the position and the category probability value of a target;
and (3) network output: 7 × 7 × 30 prediction results.
5. The braille electronic book according to claim 1, characterized in that the braille display module comprises a plurality of six-dot braille display dot matrixes which are uniformly arranged in the transverse direction, a metal contact is arranged in each hole in each six-dot braille display dot matrix, the bottom of the metal contact is connected with a lever mechanism, and the lever mechanism is connected with an electromagnet; the microprocessor controls the power-on state of the electromagnet through outputting a driving signal, so that the lever mechanism is driven by the electromagnet to drive the metal contact to lift, and corresponding braille is displayed.
6. The braille electronic book of claim 5, wherein each of the metal contacts is encased by a flexible outer casing; the electromagnet is positioned at the front end of the six-point Braille display dot matrix.
7. The braille electronic book of claim 5, wherein the drive signal is isolated from an external circuit by an opto-coupled amplifier and amplification of current is achieved.
8. The braille electronic book of claim 1, wherein the electronic book body is further provided with a programmable multi-function button for controlling an operating state of the braille electronic book.
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| CN202210332760.7A CN114627730A (en) | 2022-03-31 | 2022-03-31 | Braille electronic book |
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