CN114624658A - Software reconfigurable jammer system and signal generation method - Google Patents
Software reconfigurable jammer system and signal generation method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A software reconfigurable jammer system and a signal generation method relate to the technical field of radar countermeasure and comprise a receiving channel, a main control board, a GPU unit and a transmitting channel, wherein the receiving channel comprises four paths, the receiving channel of each path of signal comprises a receiving antenna, a receiving radio frequency front end, a radio frequency down-conversion unit and a high-speed data acquisition and processing unit which are sequentially connected, after the signal is processed by the high-speed data acquisition and processing unit, a processing result is transmitted to the main control board through a high-speed back board, the main control software of the main control board provides an operating environment of the man-machine interaction main control software, an interference signal is generated according to an interference mode configured by a user, and the interference signal is radiated back to a radar to be interfered through the transmitting channel through the antenna; the invention realizes the time sequence matching of interference signals and radar signals by utilizing an FPGA and DSP real-time hardware platform, realizes the high-speed transmission and interaction of multi-path broadband signals by a VPX high-speed back plate, and improves the open reconfigurable capability and the high-speed data exchange capability of a system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of radar countermeasure, in particular to a software reconfigurable jammer system and a signal generation method.
Background
The method has the advantages that the anti-interference performance of the radar is improved continuously along with the continuous development of the radar countermeasure technology, the technical system is diversified, the requirement for verifying the anti-interference performance of the radar equipment by using the traditional radar interference equipment is more and more, and compared with the actual radar interference equipment, the software reconfigurable radar jammer system can realize large-sample, high-efficiency and low-consumption tests and can be applied to the battle technology performance, complex electromagnetic environment adaptability and operation performance assessment of the anti-interference equipment of the radar equipment. With the improvement of the anti-interference performance of the radar and the upgrading and expanding requirements of the analog system, the open reconfigurable capability of the radar jammer system becomes a key problem. The traditional interference machine with a fixed interference pattern works in a specific interference mode, cannot perform function reconstruction if the traditional interference machine is used in an electronic countermeasure research test, and cannot dynamically adapt to test verification of some radars with novel anti-interference capability, so that the establishment of a software definable interference machine system for realizing on-site software interference automatic adjustment and subsequent long-term interference pattern research has important significance.
For a radar jammer system, a traditional implementation method mostly adopts an FPGA + DSP architecture, software and hardware of the architecture are tightly combined, the software is difficult to modify and upgrade in the later period so as to adapt to new simulation requirements, meanwhile, the method is mostly applied to simulating a narrow-band radar jammer system, and when the method is applied to simulating a broadband radar system, the cost is high, the development difficulty is high, and the maintenance cost is high. The traditional broadband radar interference system mostly adopts a playback type framework to realize suppression type interference, namely, interference emission signals are calculated in advance before a test, and corresponding signals are fixedly emitted according to selection in the test process; the traditional interference machine structure cannot realize the evaluation of the field interference effect or adjust the complex interference strategy in real time, and only adopts the predefined interference strategy and pattern.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the background art, the invention discloses a software reconfigurable jammer system and a signal generation method.
In order to realize the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a software reconfigurable jammer system comprises a receiving channel, a main control board, a GPU unit and a transmitting channel, wherein the receiving channel comprises four paths, the receiving channel of each path of signal comprises a receiving antenna, a receiving radio frequency front end, a radio frequency down-conversion unit and a high-speed data acquisition and processing unit which are sequentially connected, after the signal is processed by the high-speed data acquisition and processing unit, a processing result is transmitted to the main control board through a high-speed backboard, the main control software of the main control board provides an operating environment of man-machine interaction main control software, an interference signal is generated according to an interference mode configured by a user, and the interference signal is radiated back to a radar to be interfered through the transmitting channel and the antenna;
the system comprises a receiving antenna array, a high-speed data acquisition processing unit, a receiving radio-frequency front end, a four-way radio-frequency down-conversion unit, a high-speed data acquisition processing unit and a high-speed data acquisition processing unit, wherein radio-frequency signals sent by a radar to be interfered are radiated by an air interface, received by the receiving antenna array and output four ways of radio-frequency signals;
the main control software configures two interference modes according to the user: the method comprises the steps that a conventional fast interference mode and a software cognitive reconfigurable interference mode are adopted, and interference waveform parameters are generated and then sent to a clock interface unit in the conventional fast interference mode; in the software cognitive reconfigurable interference mode, generating IQ data of interference waveforms based on a GPU unit, and issuing the IQ data to a clock interface unit;
the clock interface unit issues the interference waveform parameters or the IQ data to the high-speed data playing unit, and the high-speed data playing unit generates four paths of interference signals.
In the software reconfigurable jammer system, four radio frequency antennas of a receiving antenna array are arranged on the same plane, wherein 0/1/2 are three log periodic antennas with the same antenna directional diagram, 1/2 antennas are respectively opened by 25 degrees and-25 degrees relative to 0 antenna in the direction, and an antenna array formed by the three antennas forms a 3-beam ratio secondary direction-finding antenna array; the antenna 3 is a biconical antenna, adopts a plane spiral and is used for direction finding side lobe shading which is used for preventing signals from entering from side lobes and generating azimuth misjudgment.
The software reconfigurable jammer system is characterized in that the radio frequency down-conversion unit comprises four paths, each path of radio frequency down-conversion unit completes the frequency conversion function under the simulation of one path of radio frequency input signal, comprises a mirror image suppression, amplification, filtering and frequency mixing function circuit and is used for simulating the down-conversion of the radio frequency signal to the intermediate frequency sampling frequency.
The software reconfigurable jammer system and the high-speed data acquisition and processing unit complete the functions of four-path intermediate frequency signal sampling, digital down-conversion, direction finding, frequency finding, signal sorting and signal identification.
The software reconfigurable jammer system also comprises two paths of transmitting signal monitoring units, wherein the transmitting signal monitoring units divide four paths of interference signals generated by the high-speed data playing unit into two paths by a directional coupler, one path is sent to a transmitting antenna, the other path is used for system monitoring, and the transmitting signal monitoring units are connected with 50 ohm loads when not used.
The software reconfigurable jammer system further comprises a local oscillator unit, and the local oscillator unit provides local oscillator signals required by the four radio frequency down-conversion units.
The software reconfigurable jammer system has the advantages that the main control board runs on the CPU platform, the interface with a user is completed externally, the bottom layer hardware parameter configuration is completed internally, and the hardware state is monitored and displayed in real time.
The software reconfigurable jammer system further comprises a high-speed data storage unit used for storing the waveform data forwarded by the high-speed data acquisition and processing unit.
The software reconfigurable jammer system is characterized in that the clock interface unit is used for uploading data between the main control board and the high-speed data acquisition and processing unit, sending data between the main control board and the high-speed data playing unit and completing parameter configuration and state collection of each functional board card by the main control board.
A method for generating a software reconfigurable jammer signal specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, the radio frequency signal sent by the radar to be interfered is radiated by an air interface, and the interference can be reconstructed by software
A receiving antenna array of the machine system receives and outputs four paths of radio frequency signals; four-way radio frequency signal is emitted by receiving
After the frequency front end is amplified, the amplified signals enter four independent radio frequency down-conversion units and four paths of intermediate frequency signals are output;
s2, the four paths of intermediate frequency signals are in a high-speed data acquisition processing unit, and after 0/1/2 paths of signals are acquired and processed, the direction finding function is completed; the 3-path signal is used for direction finding side lobe shading, the high-speed data acquisition processing unit identifies the characteristic parameters of the acquired signal through the FPGA, meanwhile, the data is sent to the DSP for PDW parameter statistics and extraction, and the result is transmitted to a system main control board through a high-speed back board after frequency measurement, signal sorting and signal identification are completed;
s3, the main control unit in the main control board sends the generated interference waveform parameters or IQ data of the interference waveform to the clock interface unit according to the interference mode configured by the user;
s4, the clock interface unit issues the interference waveform parameter or IQ data to the high-speed data playing unit, the high-speed data playing unit generates four paths of interference signals, and the interference signals are radiated back to the radar to be interfered through the antenna through the transmitting channel;
s5, the master control software controls the GPU to analyze and process radar PDW data and radar working modes, judges whether the current interference signal pattern needs to be adjusted according to the interference efficiency evaluation result, if the current interference signal pattern needs to be adjusted, the S3 is returned, and interference IQ data continue to be sent after the interference pattern is adjusted; if no adjustment is required, the process returns to S1 to continue the detection.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the software reconfigurable jammer system and the signal generation method, open and reconfigurable radar signal processing and jamming signal generation are realized by adopting a CPU + GPU + FPGA + DSP architecture, the FPGA and DSP real-time hardware platform is utilized to realize time sequence matching of jamming signals and radar signals, and high-speed transmission and interaction of multi-path broadband signals are realized through a VPX high-speed back plate, so that the open reconfigurable capability and the high-speed data exchange capability of the system are greatly improved, and the software reconfigurable jammer system and the signal generation method have good popularization and application values; the method comprises the steps of uploading PDW characteristic data to a general processing platform in real time to evaluate and analyze the interference effect and select an interference strategy, analyzing and judging the current interfered state of the radar according to the general PDW data, and adjusting an interference waveform in real time; the invention can realize the software-defined reconfigurable jammer system, develop the research of radar countermeasure test and provide a research platform for the test and training of the electronic information system.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the architecture of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a block diagram of a signal receiving chain structure according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a flow chart of the operation of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be explained in detail by the following examples, which are disclosed for the purpose of protecting all technical improvements within the scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the software reconfigurable jammer system of the present invention includes a receiving channel, a main control board, a GPU unit and a transmitting channel, where the receiving channel has four channels, the receiving channel of each channel of signals includes a receiving antenna, a receiving radio frequency front end, a radio frequency down-conversion unit and a high-speed data acquisition and processing unit, which are connected in sequence, the signals are processed by the high-speed data acquisition and processing unit, and the processing result is transmitted to the main control board through a high-speed backplane, the main control software of the main control board provides an operating environment of the man-machine interaction main control software, generates an interference signal according to an interference mode configured by a user, and the interference signal is radiated back to a radar to be interfered through the transmitting channel via the antenna;
the system comprises a receiving antenna array, a high-speed data acquisition processing unit, a receiving antenna array, a receiving radio-frequency front end and a four-path radio-frequency down-conversion unit, wherein radio-frequency signals sent by a radar to be interfered are radiated by an air interface, received by the receiving antenna array and output four paths of radio-frequency signals;
the radio frequency down-conversion unit has four paths, each path of radio frequency down-conversion unit completes the frequency conversion function under the simulation of a path of radio frequency input signal, comprises a mirror image suppression, amplification, filtering and frequency mixing function circuit and is used for simulating down-conversion of the radio frequency signal to an intermediate frequency sampling frequency; the high-speed data acquisition processing unit completes the functions of four paths of intermediate frequency signal sampling, digital down conversion, direction finding, frequency finding, signal sorting and signal identification;
the four pairs of radio frequency antennas of the receiving antenna array are arranged on the same plane, wherein 0/1/2 are three log periodic antennas with the same antenna directional diagram, 1/2 antennas are respectively opened by 25 degrees and-25 degrees relative to 0 antenna in the azimuth, and the antenna array formed by the three antennas forms a 3-beam ratio pair direction-finding antenna array; the antenna 3 is a biconical antenna, adopts a plane spiral and is used for direction finding side lobe shading which is used for preventing signals from entering from side lobes and generating azimuth misjudgment;
the main control board runs on the CPU platform, completes the interface with the user externally, completes the bottom hardware parameter configuration internally, and monitors and displays the hardware state in real time;
the master control software controls the GPU unit, analyzes the received radar PDW data, forms a new interference signal pattern after analysis and evaluation, or configures two interference modes according to a user: the method comprises the steps that a conventional fast interference mode and a software cognitive reconfigurable interference mode are adopted, and interference waveform parameters are generated and then sent to a clock interface unit in the conventional fast interference mode; in the software cognitive reconfigurable interference mode, IQ data of interference waveforms are generated based on a GPU unit and are issued to a clock interface unit; the GPU unit mainly completes high-speed computation of complex data, interfaces with a main control board, completes the functions of interference waveform generation and optimization, interference decision and the like, and finally generates interference signal IQ data;
the clock interface unit sends the interference waveform parameters or the IQ data to the high-speed data playing unit, the high-speed data playing unit generates interference signals according to the signal parameters generated by the main control unit or the signal IQ data generated by the GPU unit, and the high-speed data playing unit can directly generate radio frequency signals based on the high-speed radio frequency DAC; the clock interface unit is used for uploading data between the main control board and the high-speed data acquisition and processing unit, issuing data between the main control board and the high-speed data playing unit, completing parameter configuration and state collection of each functional board card by the main control board, completing internal and external reference clock selection, and distributing a system clock to each functional board card.
The software reconfigurable jammer system also comprises two paths of transmitting signal monitoring units, wherein the transmitting signal monitoring units divide four paths of interference signals generated by the high-speed data playing unit into two paths by a directional coupler, one path is sent to a transmitting antenna, the other path is used for system monitoring, and the transmitting signal monitoring units are connected with 50 ohm loads when not used.
The software reconfigurable jammer system further comprises a local oscillator unit, and the local oscillator unit provides local oscillator signals required by the four radio frequency down-conversion units.
The software reconfigurable jammer signal generation method further comprises a high-speed data storage unit which is used for storing the waveform data forwarded by the high-speed data acquisition and processing unit.
A method for generating a software reconfigurable jammer signal specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, the radio frequency signal sent by the radar to be interfered is radiated by an air interface, and the interference can be reconstructed by software
A receiving antenna array of the machine system receives and outputs four paths of radio frequency signals; four-way radio frequency signal is emitted by receiving
After the frequency front end is amplified, the amplified signals enter four independent radio frequency down-conversion units and four paths of intermediate frequency signals are output;
s2, the four paths of intermediate frequency signals are in a high-speed data acquisition processing unit, and after 0/1/2 paths of signals are acquired and processed, the direction finding function is completed; the 3-path signal is used for direction finding side lobe shading, the high-speed data acquisition processing unit identifies the characteristic parameters of the acquired signal through the FPGA, meanwhile, the data is sent to the DSP for PDW parameter statistics and extraction, and the result is transmitted to a system main control board through a high-speed back board after frequency measurement, signal sorting and signal identification are completed;
s3, the main control unit in the main control board sends the generated interference waveform parameter or the IQ data of the interference waveform to the clock interface unit according to the interference mode configured by the user;
s4, the clock interface unit issues the interference waveform parameter or IQ data to the high-speed data playing unit, the high-speed data playing unit generates four paths of interference signals, and the interference signals are radiated back to the radar to be interfered through the antenna through the transmitting channel;
s5, the master control software controls the GPU to analyze and process radar PDW data and radar working modes, whether the current interference signal pattern needs to be adjusted is judged according to the interference efficiency evaluation result, if the current interference signal pattern needs to be adjusted, the S3 is returned, and the interference IQ data are continuously sent after the interference pattern is adjusted; if no adjustment is required, the process returns to S1 to continue the detection.
Example 1
Starting a system, configuring system main control parameters, starting a test, starting a radar to be interfered, wherein the working mode of the system is a conventional quick interference mode; sending radio frequency signals by a radar to be interfered, identifying characteristic parameters of the acquired signals by an FPGA (field programmable gate array), sending the data to a DSP (digital signal processor) for statistics and extraction of PDW (pulse width modulation) parameters, reconnaissance to generate signal characteristic parameters, sending the signal characteristic parameters to a system main control board by a VPX (virtual private network) high-speed back board, quickly generating interference waveform parameters by main control software of the main control board and sending the interference waveform parameters to a clock interface unit, sending the interference waveform parameters to a high-speed data playing unit by the clock interface unit, generating interference signals by the high-speed data playing unit according to the signal parameters generated by the main control unit, controlling a GPU (graphics processing unit) to analyze and process the PDW data of the radar by the main control software, judging whether the current interference signal pattern needs to be adjusted according to the interference efficiency evaluation result, if the radar is presumed to be in a search mode according to the efficiency evaluation result, optimizing the interference effect, keeping the current interference pattern unchanged until the test is finished, shutting down the system when the interference radar is shut down; if the tracking mode is adopted, the interference algorithm needs to be replaced, the interference pattern is adjusted to generate new interference waveform parameters, and the steps are repeated;
example 2
Starting a system, configuring system main control parameters, starting a test, starting a radar to be interfered, wherein the system working mode is a software cognitive reconfigurable interference mode; sending a radio frequency signal by a radar to be interfered, identifying characteristic parameters of the acquired signal by an FPGA (field programmable gate array) by a high-speed data acquisition and processing unit, sending the data to a DSP (digital signal processor) for PDW parameter statistics and extraction, reconnaissance to generate signal characteristic parameters, generating interference waveform data by a GPU (graphics processing unit) according to an algorithm in a software reconstruction interference mode, sending the interference waveform IQ data to a clock interface unit and sending the interference waveform IQ data to a high-speed data playing unit through a PCIE (peripheral component interface express) interface, generating an interference signal by the high-speed data playing unit according to the signal parameters generated by a main control board, controlling the GPU unit by the main control software to analyze and process the radar PDW data, judging whether the current interference signal pattern needs to be adjusted according to an interference efficiency evaluation result, if the radar is in a search mode according to the efficiency evaluation result, obtaining the best interference effect, shutting down the radar to be interfered, and shutting down the system; if the mobile terminal is in the tracking mode, the interference algorithm needs to be replaced, the interference pattern is adjusted to scout and generate signal characteristic parameters, the GPU generates interference waveform data again according to the algorithm, and the steps are repeated;
the present invention is not described in detail in the prior art.
The embodiments selected for the purpose of disclosing the invention, are presently considered to be suitable, it being understood, however, that the invention is intended to cover all variations and modifications of the embodiments which fall within the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A software reconfigurable jammer system comprises a receiving channel, a main control board, a GPU unit and a transmitting channel, and is characterized in that: the receiving channel comprises four paths, each receiving channel of the signals comprises a receiving antenna, a receiving radio frequency front end, a radio frequency down-conversion unit and a high-speed data acquisition and processing unit which are sequentially connected, the signals are processed by the high-speed data acquisition and processing unit, the processing result is transmitted to the main control board through the high-speed back board, main control software of the main control board provides the running environment of man-machine interaction main control software, interference signals are generated according to an interference mode configured by a user, and the interference signals are radiated back to the radar to be interfered through the transmitting channel and the antenna;
the system comprises a receiving antenna array, a high-speed data acquisition processing unit, a receiving radio-frequency front end, a four-way radio-frequency down-conversion unit, a high-speed data acquisition processing unit and a high-speed data acquisition processing unit, wherein radio-frequency signals sent by a radar to be interfered are radiated by an air interface, received by the receiving antenna array and output four ways of radio-frequency signals;
the main control software configures two interference modes according to the user: the method comprises the steps that a conventional fast interference mode and a software cognitive reconfigurable interference mode are adopted, and interference waveform parameters are generated and then sent to a clock interface unit in the conventional fast interference mode; in the software cognitive reconfigurable interference mode, generating IQ data of interference waveforms based on a GPU unit, and issuing the IQ data to a clock interface unit;
the clock interface unit issues the interference waveform parameters or the IQ data to the high-speed data playing unit, and the high-speed data playing unit generates four paths of interference signals.
2. The software reconfigurable jammer system of claim 1, wherein: the four pairs of radio frequency antennas of the receiving antenna array are arranged on the same plane, wherein 0/1/2 are three log periodic antennas with the same antenna directional diagram, 1/2 antennas are respectively opened by 25 degrees and-25 degrees relative to 0 antenna in the azimuth, and the antenna array formed by the three antennas forms a 3-beam ratio pair direction-finding antenna array; the antenna 3 is a biconical antenna, adopts a plane spiral and is used for direction finding side lobe shading which is used for preventing signals from entering from side lobes and generating azimuth misjudgment.
3. The software reconfigurable jammer system of claim 1, wherein: the radio frequency down-conversion unit has four paths, each path of the radio frequency down-conversion unit completes the frequency conversion function under the simulation of one path of radio frequency input signal, and the frequency conversion function comprises a mirror image suppression, amplification, filtering and frequency mixing function circuit and is used for performing down-conversion on the radio frequency signal simulation to an intermediate frequency sampling frequency.
4. The software reconfigurable jammer system of claim 1, wherein: the high-speed data acquisition processing unit completes the functions of four paths of intermediate frequency signal sampling, digital down conversion, direction finding, frequency finding, signal sorting and signal identification.
5. The software reconfigurable jammer system of claim 1, wherein: the system also comprises two paths of emission signal monitoring units, wherein the emission signal monitoring units divide four paths of interference signals generated by the high-speed data playing unit into two paths through a directional coupler, one path is sent to an emission antenna, the other path is used for system monitoring, and the system monitoring unit is connected with a 50 ohm load when not used.
6. The software reconfigurable jammer system of claim 1, wherein: the radio frequency down-conversion unit is used for receiving the radio frequency signals and outputting the radio frequency signals to the local oscillation unit.
7. The software reconfigurable jammer system of claim 1, wherein: the main control board runs on the CPU platform, completes the interface with the user externally, completes the bottom hardware parameter configuration internally, and monitors and displays the hardware state in real time.
8. The software reconfigurable jammer system of claim 1, wherein: the high-speed data storage unit is used for storing the waveform data forwarded by the high-speed data acquisition and processing unit.
9. The software reconfigurable jammer system of claim 1, wherein: the clock interface unit is used for uploading data between the main control board and the high-speed data acquisition and processing unit, issuing data between the main control board and the high-speed data playing unit and completing parameter configuration and state collection of each functional board card by the main control board.
10. A method for generating a software reconfigurable jammer signal according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized by: the method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, the radio frequency signal sent by the radar to be interfered is radiated by an air interface, and the interference can be reconstructed by software
Receiving by a receiving antenna array of the machine system and outputting four paths of radio frequency signals; four-way radio frequency signal is emitted by receiving
After the frequency front end is amplified, the amplified signals enter four independent radio frequency down-conversion units and four paths of intermediate frequency signals are output;
s2, the four paths of intermediate frequency signals are in a high-speed data acquisition processing unit, and after 0/1/2 paths of signals are acquired and processed, the direction finding function is completed; the 3-path signal is used for direction finding side lobe shading, the high-speed data acquisition processing unit identifies the characteristic parameters of the acquired signal through the FPGA, meanwhile, the data is sent to the DSP for PDW parameter statistics and extraction, and the result is transmitted to a system main control board through a high-speed back board after frequency measurement, signal sorting and signal identification are completed;
s3, the main control unit in the main control board sends the generated interference waveform parameter or the IQ data of the interference waveform to the clock interface unit according to the interference mode configured by the user;
s4, the clock interface unit issues the interference waveform parameter or IQ data to the high-speed data playing unit, the high-speed data playing unit generates four paths of interference signals, and the interference signals are radiated back to the radar to be interfered through the antenna through the transmitting channel;
s5, the master control software controls the GPU to analyze and process radar PDW data and radar working modes, whether the current interference signal pattern needs to be adjusted is judged according to the interference efficiency evaluation result, if the current interference signal pattern needs to be adjusted, the S3 is returned, and the interference IQ data are continuously sent after the interference pattern is adjusted; if no adjustment is required, the process returns to S1 to continue the detection.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20220099798A1 (en) * | 2020-09-25 | 2022-03-31 | Raytheon Company | Real-time closed-loop digital radar simulator |
| CN116381298A (en) * | 2023-06-05 | 2023-07-04 | 广州博远装备科技有限公司 | Electronic countermeasure target system |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20220099798A1 (en) * | 2020-09-25 | 2022-03-31 | Raytheon Company | Real-time closed-loop digital radar simulator |
| US11726175B2 (en) * | 2020-09-25 | 2023-08-15 | Raytheon Company | Real-time closed-loop digital radar simulator |
| CN116381298A (en) * | 2023-06-05 | 2023-07-04 | 广州博远装备科技有限公司 | Electronic countermeasure target system |
| CN116381298B (en) * | 2023-06-05 | 2023-08-25 | 广州博远装备科技有限公司 | Electronic countermeasure target system |
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