CN114624176A - System and experimental method for testing lubricating performance of drilling fluid of horizontal well and extended reach well - Google Patents
System and experimental method for testing lubricating performance of drilling fluid of horizontal well and extended reach well Download PDFInfo
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 188
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 122
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 90
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 abstract description 26
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008676 import Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003209 petroleum derivative Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001603 reducing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
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Abstract
The invention provides a drilling fluid lubricating property testing system and an experimental method for a horizontal well and an extended reach well. The Z-axial tension and compression air cylinder adjusts the pressure between the core plate and the measuring hammer, the rotary driving component drives the measuring hammer to rotate, and the X-axial dragging worm box adjusts the horizontal displacement between the measuring hammer and the testing kettle and the torque between the measuring hammer and the core plate monitored by the torque meter in real time, so that the lubricating performance of the drilling fluid is tested. The testing experiment method is realized by a testing system for the lubricating performance of the drilling fluid of the horizontal well and the extended reach well. The drilling fluid lubricating performance is tested according to the torque by simulating the drilling process through the core plate and the measuring hammer. The drilling fluid lubrication performance can be tested, the differential pressure drill sticking test can be carried out, and the mud lubrication performance tests at different well inclination angles can be carried out through the rotary support.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to an experimental system for the lubricating performance of drilling fluid, and particularly relates to a system and an experimental method for testing the lubricating performance of the drilling fluid of a horizontal well and an extended reach well.
Background
With the rapid development of social economy, the demand of countries in the world for petroleum and natural gas is continuously increased, and the whole oil and gas resources are gradually exhausted, so that the development of the bulk oil and gas resources is more emphasized. Horizontal well and extended reach well drilling technologies are the most economical and effective development methods for developing bulk oil and gas resources. At present, the drilling construction of horizontal wells and extended reach wells generally adopts a sliding drilling mode. In the deflecting section and the horizontal section of the horizontal well and the extended reach well, the contact area between the drilling tool and the well wall is large, so that the frictional resistance is objectively caused, and the difficulty is caused for rapid drilling.
Improving the lubricating property of the drilling fluid is an important means for overcoming friction and avoiding underground accidents. Particularly in the sliding drilling process of horizontal wells and extended reach wells, the weighting material in the high-density drilling fluid can further increase the frictional resistance between the drilling tool and the well wall, so that the drilling speed is reduced to a lower level, and the possibility of underground accidents such as sticking, mud pocket and the like can be further increased. Therefore, special attention is required to the lubricating properties of the drilling fluid when designing the drilling fluid system for horizontal and extended reach wells.
At present, instruments commonly used at home and abroad for measuring the lubricating property of the drilling fluid and the friction resistance reducing property of the mud cake of the drilling fluid are mainly an EP extreme pressure lubricating instrument, a mud cake viscosity coefficient instrument and a mud cake adhesion coefficient instrument. The extreme pressure lubrication instrument mainly simulates the friction resistance improvement condition of a drill rod and a sleeve pipe under the condition of pressurization and under the condition of drilling fluid soaking, but cannot reflect the friction resistance condition between the drill rod and a well wall mud cake; the mud cake viscosity coefficient instrument mainly simulates the conditions of viscosity and friction between a drill rod and a well wall mud cake in the tripping process, but cannot reflect the condition of friction between the rotating drill rod and the well wall mud cake in the drilling process; the mud cake adhesion coefficient instrument mainly tests the adhesion coefficient formed between an adhesion disc and mud cakes after the adhesion disc is pressurized under the soaking of drilling fluid, and mainly simulates the anti-adhesion drill sticking performance of the drilling fluid, but the adhesion disc is adopted to be in contact with the mud cakes, so that the adhesion coefficient is not consistent with the actual situation.
For horizontal wells and extended reach wells, the coefficient of dynamic friction between the drilling tool and the well wall is the most important reference index for evaluating the lubricating performance of the drilling fluid. However, no special equipment specially aiming at evaluating the lubricating performance of the drilling fluid of the horizontal well or the extended reach well exists at present, and the lubricating performance of the drilling fluid applied to the horizontal well or the extended reach well is approximately represented by an extreme pressure lubricating coefficient measured by an extreme pressure lubricating instrument. From the mechanism of instrument measurement, the extreme pressure lubrication instrument obtains the torque generated when a drilling tool is in contact with a well wall by simulating the rotary motion process of the drilling tool in vertical well construction, and then converts the torque into the lubrication coefficient of the drilling fluid and is used for representing the lubrication performance of the drilling fluid. However, the lubricating coefficient is effective when used for representing the lubricating performance of the drilling fluid in the vertical well construction, and is not suitable for evaluating the lubricating performance of the drilling fluid applied to horizontal wells and extended reach wells.
The patent number is "CN 213779849U", the name is "extreme pressure lubrication instrument for testing the lubrication performance of drilling fluid", disclose a extreme pressure lubrication instrument for testing the lubrication performance of drilling fluid, relate to the extreme pressure lubrication instrument for testing the lubrication performance of drilling fluid, including the lubrication instrument body, the upper surface of the lubrication instrument body is close to the end department of rear end and equipped with the rotary rod, the top of the rotary rod is equipped with the actuating arm, the upper surface of the actuating arm is equipped with the electric telescopic link, and the end of the telescopic arm is equipped with the tray, the lower side of the tray is equipped with the drum, the drum is internally equipped with the motor, and the output shaft is connected with the rotating disc coaxially, the middle of the upper surface of the lubrication instrument body is equipped with the display platform; this test drilling fluid lubricity extreme pressure lubrication appearance cooperates actuating arm and rotary rod in the lubrication appearance main part, and the nimble of the whole rotary disk of being convenient for removes, carries out the drilling fluid lubricity test that corresponds, and electric telescopic handle's cooperation is used, is convenient for test the drilling fluid lubricity in the different depths. However, the extreme pressure lubrication instrument is difficult to simulate the drilling process, and simultaneously difficult to realize the lubrication performance test of mud with different well inclination angles.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention aims to address at least one of the above-mentioned deficiencies of the prior art. For example, one of the purposes of the invention is to provide a drilling fluid lubricating performance testing system for horizontal wells and extended reach wells. For another example, the invention aims to provide a test method for the lubricating performance of the drilling fluid for horizontal wells and extended reach wells.
In order to achieve the above object, one aspect of the present invention provides a system for testing the lubrication performance of a drilling fluid for horizontal wells and extended reach wells:
a testing system for the lubricating performance of drilling fluid of horizontal wells and extended reach wells can comprise a testing kettle, an X-axis dragging worm box, a rotary driving component, a torquemeter, a tension and pressure sensor and a Z-axis tension and pressure cylinder, wherein,
the testing kettle comprises a kettle body, a core plate and a measuring hammer, wherein the kettle body is of a cylinder-shaped structure which is arranged along the X-axis direction and has two closed ends, a slurry inlet and a slurry outlet are respectively arranged on two sides of a cylinder, and a filtration test port is also arranged on the outer wall of the bottom of the cylinder;
the core plate and the measuring hammer are arranged in the kettle body, wherein the measuring hammer is arranged in parallel to the X axis, and the core plate is in contact with the outer wall of the measuring hammer;
the rotary driving part is connected with the measuring hammer to drive the measuring hammer to rotate in the kettle body along the axial direction of the measuring hammer;
the torquemeter is arranged on the rotary driving component and can monitor the torque between the measuring hammer and the core plate in real time;
the X-axis dragging worm box is arranged along the X-axis direction and is connected with the kettle body or the measuring hammer so that the measuring hammer moves axially in the kettle body along the measuring hammer;
the Z-axis tension and compression cylinder is fixedly arranged on the kettle body along the Z-axis direction and can adjust the pressure between the core plate and the measuring hammer;
the tension and pressure sensor can measure the tension and pressure of the Z-axis tension and pressure cylinder.
In an exemplary embodiment of an aspect of the present invention, the test system may further include a fixed frame, and the X-axis drag worm gear box, the rotary driving part, the test pot, and the Z-axis tension and compression cylinder are all disposed inside the fixed frame, wherein,
the left end of the X-axis dragging worm box is fixedly arranged with the left side of the fixed frame, and the right end of the X-axis dragging worm box is fixed with the non-rotating part of the rotary driving part;
the rotary output part of the rotary driving component is fixedly connected with the left end of the measuring hammer;
the right end of the kettle body is fixedly arranged on the right side of the fixed frame.
In an exemplary embodiment of an aspect of the present invention, the test system may further include a sliding shaft and a sliding sleeve,
the sliding shaft is fixedly arranged with the fixed frame along the X-axis direction, the sliding sleeve is arranged on the sliding shaft, and the right end of the X-axis dragging worm box is fixed with the non-rotating part of the rotary driving part through the sliding sleeve.
In an exemplary embodiment of an aspect of the present invention, the test system may further include a rotating bracket including a bracket body and a rotating shaft that rotatably connects the fixed frame and the bracket body to enable the case to rotate 360 ° in a vertical plane with respect to the bracket body.
In an exemplary embodiment of an aspect of the present invention, the test kettle may further include a holder fixing the core plate, the holder being provided with an opening through which fluid passes, and a basket fixing the holder to the kettle body, the basket and the holder forming a fluid loss passage therebetween, the opening communicating with the fluid loss passage, the fluid loss passage communicating with the fluid loss test port.
In one exemplary embodiment of an aspect of the present invention, the test system may further include a heating jacket capable of heating the test kettle, a temperature sensor and a pressure sensor capable of testing the temperature and pressure within the test kettle.
In an exemplary embodiment of an aspect of the invention, the hammer may be cylindrical, the core plate may be a hollow cylinder, and the core plate may be disposed around the hammer.
In an exemplary embodiment of an aspect of the present invention, the core plate may be one of a steel core, a natural core, an artificial core, and a quartz core.
In an exemplary embodiment of an aspect of the present invention, the test system may further include a slurry injection unit connected to the slurry inlet and the slurry outlet, respectively, to inject slurry into the test tank and perform slurry circulation.
In an exemplary embodiment of an aspect of the present invention, the test system may further include a back pressure unit connected to the fluid loss leak to apply a back pressure to the test tank.
In an exemplary embodiment of an aspect of the present invention, the test system may further include a parameter control and acquisition unit, and the parameter control and acquisition unit is respectively connected to the test kettle, the X-axis dragging worm box, the rotary driving component, the torquer, the pull pressure sensor and the Z-axis pull-press cylinder to control the test kettle, the X-axis dragging worm box, the rotary driving component, the torquer, the pull pressure sensor and the Z-axis pull-press cylinder.
The invention also provides an experimental method for testing the lubricating performance of the drilling fluid of the horizontal well and the extended reach well, which can be realized by the testing system for the lubricating performance of the drilling fluid of the horizontal well and the extended reach well, and comprises the following steps:
setting the positions of the core plate and the measuring hammer and the pressure between the core plate and the measuring hammer according to the experimental scheme, and opening the heating sleeve to set the temperature of the test kettle;
setting the back pressure of the test kettle, setting the dragging force, the dragging speed and the maximum dragging distance of the X-axis dragging worm box, injecting slurry into the test kettle according to the set pressure and flow at the rotating speed of the rotary driving part, simultaneously opening the rotary driving part to drive the measuring hammer to rotate, opening the torquemeter to test the torque, and recording the filtration loss of the slurry;
and opening an X-axis dragging worm box, adjusting the relative position between the measuring hammer and the core plate, simulating drilling, and testing the lubricating performance of the drilling fluid by monitoring the torque between the measuring hammer and the core plate in real time through a torquemeter.
In an exemplary embodiment of another aspect of the present invention, the temperature and pressure of the test tank, the injection pressure and flow rate of the slurry, the pressure of the back pressure, the dragging force and dragging speed of the X-axis dragging worm box, the rotating speed of the rotary driving component, and the pulling pressure parameters of the Z-axis pulling and pressing air cylinder can be adjusted and controlled by a computer.
In an exemplary embodiment of another aspect of the present invention, the temperature of the test kettle may be 25 to 150 ℃ and the pressure may be 10 to 15 MPa;
the injection pressure of the slurry can be 7-10 MPa, the flow can be 10-15L/min, and the back pressure can be 7-10 MPa;
the dragging force of the X-axis dragging worm box can be 0-1000N, and the dragging speed can be 0-2 cm/s;
the rotating speed of the rotary driving part can be 0-400 r/min, and the pulling pressure of the Z-axis pulling and pressing air cylinder can be 0-1000N.
In an exemplary embodiment of another aspect of the present invention, the experimental method may further include the step of performing a differential pressure stuck drill test:
in the drilling process, the pressure between the rock core plate and the measuring hammer is adjusted or high-density drilling fluid is used, so that differential pressure drill sticking is formed in the drilling process;
after waiting for preset time, increasing the torque of the measuring hammer, recording the torque when the measuring hammer restarts drilling, and evaluating the difficulty of starting the drill bit after the drill bit is stuck due to pressure difference under different conditions.
Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the invention can comprise at least one of the following:
1) the invention discloses a drilling fluid lubricating property test system and a test experiment method for a horizontal well and a extended reach well, wherein a drilling process is simulated through a core plate and a measuring hammer, the pressure between the core plate and the measuring hammer is adjusted through a Z-axial tension and compression air cylinder, the measuring hammer is connected with a rotary driving part arranged outside a test kettle, the rotary driving part is used for controlling the rotating speed, an X-axial dragging worm box is connected with the test kettle or the measuring hammer, the X-axial dragging worm box is used for adjusting the horizontal displacement of the measuring hammer or the test kettle so as to adjust the direct relative position of the measuring hammer and the core plate, a torquer arranged on the rotary driving part is used for monitoring the torque between the measuring hammer and the core plate in real time, and the drilling fluid lubricating property is tested through the magnitude of the torque;
2) the testing system and the testing experimental method disclosed by the invention can be used for testing the lubricating performance of the drilling fluid, performing differential pressure drill sticking test, and performing tests on the lubricating performance of mud at different well inclination angles through the rotary support.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows a schematic structural diagram of a horizontal well, extended reach well drilling fluid lubrication performance testing system according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 illustrates the configuration of a horizontal, extended reach well drilling fluid lubrication performance testing system according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the test system of FIG. 2 in cooperation with a rotating rack;
fig. 4 shows a schematic structural diagram of the test kettle of fig. 1.
The reference numerals are explained below:
1-test kettle, 101-kettle body, 102-core plate, 103-measuring hammer, 104-gripper, 105-hanging basket,
106-fluid loss channel, 107-fluid loss test port, 3-temperature sensor, 4-pressure sensor, 5-X axial dragging worm box, 6-rotary driving part, 7-torquemeter, 8-pulling pressure sensor, 9-Z axial pulling and pressing air cylinder, 10-fixed frame, 1001-sliding shaft, 1002-sliding sleeve, 1003-fixed bolt, 11-rotary bracket, 1101-body, 1102-rotary shaft, 12-slurry injection unit, 1201-slurry inlet and 1202-slurry outlet.
Detailed description of the preferred embodiments
Hereinafter, the lubricating performance test system and the test experiment method of the drilling fluid for the horizontal well and the extended reach well of the invention will be described in detail by combining the attached drawings and the exemplary embodiment. It should be noted that "first," "second," "third," and the like are merely for convenience of description and for ease of distinction, and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. "upper," "lower," "inner," and "outer" are merely for convenience of description and relative orientation or positional relationship, and do not indicate or imply that the referenced components must have that particular orientation or position.
In general, the lubricating coefficient is effective when used for representing the lubricating performance of the drilling fluid in the vertical well construction, and is not suitable for evaluating the lubricating performance of the drilling fluid applied to horizontal wells and extended reach wells. The inventor provides a system and a method for testing the lubricating property of the drilling fluid of the horizontal well and the extended reach well, which are used for evaluating the experimental system suitable for the lubricating property of the drilling fluid of the horizontal well and the extended reach well so as to be used for evaluating the lubricating property of the drilling fluid applied to the horizontal well and the extended reach well. The pressure between the rock core plate and the measuring hammer is adjusted through the Z-axis tension and compression air cylinder, the measuring hammer is connected with a rotary driving component arranged outside the testing kettle, the rotary driving component is used for controlling the rotating speed, the X-axis direction pulls a worm box to be connected with the testing kettle or the measuring hammer, the X-axis direction pulls the worm box to adjust the horizontal displacement of the measuring hammer or the testing kettle, so that the direct relative position of the measuring hammer and the rock core plate is adjusted, a torquemeter arranged on the rotary driving component monitors the torque between the measuring hammer and the rock core plate in real time, the lubricating performance of the drilling fluid is tested through the torque, the lubricating performance of the drilling fluid can be tested, the differential pressure sticking test can be carried out, and the mud lubricating performance tests with different well oblique angles are carried out through a rotary support.
In the first exemplary embodiment of the invention, the drilling fluid lubrication performance test system for the horizontal well and the extended reach well mainly comprises a test kettle, an X-axis dragging worm box, a rotary driving component, a torque meter, a tension and pressure sensor and a Z-axis tension and pressure cylinder.
Wherein, the test kettle mainly comprises a kettle body, a core plate and a measuring hammer. Wherein, the cauldron body is for setting up and both ends confined cavity barrel form structure along X axle direction, is provided with respectively in the both sides of cauldron body barrel and communicates mud import and mud export with barrel inner space. And a fluid loss test port is also arranged on the outer wall of the bottom of the kettle body cylinder and is communicated with the inside of the cylinder.
The core plate and the measuring hammer are both arranged in the kettle body. Wherein, the survey hammer is on a parallel with the X axis setting and can follow the axial rotation of survey hammer relatively the cauldron body, and the rock core board contacts with the survey hammer outer wall.
A rotary driving component (such as a rotary motor) is connected with the measuring hammer to drive the measuring hammer to rotate in the axial direction of the measuring hammer in the kettle body, and the drilling process is simulated.
The torquemeter is arranged on the rotary driving component and can monitor the torque between the measuring hammer and the core plate in real time.
The X-axis dragging worm box is arranged along the X-axis direction and connected with the kettle body or the measuring hammer so that the measuring hammer moves axially in the kettle body along the measuring hammer. For example, when the X-axis dragging worm box is connected with the kettle body, the measuring hammer can be kept still in the X-axis direction, and the kettle body is dragged to move along the X-axis direction through the X-axis dragging worm box, so that the relative motion of the X-axis direction between the kettle body and the measuring hammer is generated. When the X-axis dragging worm box is connected with the measuring hammer, the kettle body can be kept still in the X-axis direction, and the measuring hammer is dragged to move along the X-axis direction through the X-axis dragging worm box, so that the kettle body and the measuring hammer generate X-axis relative movement.
The Z-axis pulling and pressing cylinder is fixedly arranged on the kettle body along the Z-axis direction and can adjust the pressure between the core plate and the measuring hammer. The tension and pressure sensor is arranged on the Z-axial tension and pressure cylinder 9 and can display the tension and pressure of the Z-axial tension and pressure cylinder.
In the exemplary embodiment, the test system may further include a fixed frame, and the X-axis dragging worm box, the rotary driving component, the test kettle, and the Z-axis pulling and pressing cylinder are all disposed inside the fixed frame. The left end of the X-axis dragging worm box is fixedly arranged on the left side of the fixed frame, and the right end of the X-axis dragging worm box is fixed with the non-rotating part of the rotary driving part. The rotary output part of the rotary driving component is fixedly connected with the left end of the measuring hammer. The right end of the kettle body is fixedly arranged on the right side of the fixed frame.
In the present exemplary embodiment, further, the test system may further include a sliding shaft, a sliding sleeve, and a fixing bolt.
The sliding shaft is fixedly arranged with the fixed frame along the X-axis direction, the sliding sleeve is arranged on the sliding shaft, and the right end of the X-axis dragging worm box is fixed with the non-rotating part of the rotary driving part through the sliding sleeve.
In the present exemplary embodiment, the test system may further include a rotating bracket including a bracket body and a rotating shaft that rotatably connects the fixing frame and the bracket body to enable the case to rotate 360 ° in a vertical plane with respect to the bracket body.
In the exemplary embodiment, the test kettle may further include a holder and a basket, the holder fixes the core plate, and the holder is provided with an opening through which fluid passes. The clamp holder is fixed with the kettle body through the hanging basket, a fluid loss channel is formed between the hanging basket and the clamp holder, the opening is communicated with the fluid loss channel, and the fluid loss channel is communicated with the fluid loss test port. Here, a sealing member may be disposed between the core plate and the holder, and a sealing member may be disposed between the holder and the basket, so that all fluid lost from the core plate enters the fluid loss test port through the fluid loss passage.
In the present exemplary embodiment, the test system may further include a heating jacket, a temperature sensor, and a pressure sensor, all disposed on the test kettle. Wherein, the heating jacket can heat the test kettle, and temperature sensor and pressure sensor can test temperature and pressure in the test kettle.
In this exemplary embodiment, the hammer may be cylindrical and the core plate may be a hollow cylinder, the core plate may be disposed around the hammer.
In the present exemplary embodiment, the core plate may be one of a steel core, a natural core, an artificial core, and a quartz core.
In the exemplary embodiment, the test system may further include a slurry injection unit connected to the slurry inlet and the slurry outlet, respectively, to inject slurry into the test tank and circulate slurry returned from the hammer tank.
In this exemplary embodiment, the test system may further include a back pressure unit coupled to the fluid loss leak to apply a back pressure to the test tank.
In this exemplary embodiment, the test system may further include a parameter control and acquisition unit, and the parameter control and acquisition unit is respectively connected to the test kettle, the X-axis dragging worm box, the rotary driving component, the torquer, the pull pressure sensor, and the Z-axis pull-press cylinder to control the test kettle, the X-axis dragging worm box, the rotary driving component, the torquer, the pull pressure sensor, and the Z-axis pull-press cylinder.
FIG. 1 shows a schematic structural diagram of a horizontal well, extended reach well drilling fluid lubrication performance testing system according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 2 illustrates the configuration of a horizontal well, extended reach well drilling fluid lubrication performance test system according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the test system of FIG. 2 in cooperation with a rotating rack; FIG. 4 shows a schematic diagram of the test kettle of FIG. 1.
In a second exemplary embodiment of the invention, as shown in fig. 1 to 4, the drilling fluid lubrication performance test system for the horizontal well and the extended reach well mainly comprises a test kettle 1, an X-axis dragging worm box 5, a rotary driving component 6, a torque meter 7, a pulling and pressing sensor 8 and a Z-axis pulling and pressing air cylinder 9.
As shown in fig. 1, the test kettle mainly includes a kettle body 101, a core plate 102, and a measuring hammer 103. The kettle body 101 is a hollow cylindrical structure which is arranged along the X-axis direction and has two closed ends, and a slurry inlet 1201 and a slurry outlet 1202 which are communicated with the inner space of the kettle body 101 cylinder are respectively arranged on two sides of the kettle body 101 cylinder. A fluid loss test port 107 is also arranged on the outer wall of the bottom of the barrel of the kettle body 101, and the fluid loss test port 107 is communicated with the interior of the barrel of the kettle body 101.
As shown in fig. 4, the core plate 102 and the measuring hammer 103 are both disposed inside the kettle body 101. Wherein, the side hammer is parallel to the setting of X axis and can follow the axial rotation of side hammer relatively the cauldron body, and core board 102 and side hammer 103 outer wall contact.
In the present exemplary embodiment, as shown in fig. 4, the test kettle 1 may include a holder 104 and a basket 105 in addition to a kettle body 101, a core plate 102, a measuring hammer 103, a fluid loss passage 106, and a fluid loss test port 107. The holder 104 holds the core plate 102 and the holder 104 is provided with openings for the passage of fluid. The holder 104 and the kettle body 101 are fixed by a hanging basket 105, a fluid loss channel 106 is formed between the hanging basket 105 and the holder 104, the opening is communicated with the fluid loss channel 106, and the fluid loss channel 106 is communicated with the fluid loss test port 107. Here, a sealing member may be provided between the core plate 102 and the holder 104, and a sealing member may be provided between the holder 104 and the basket 105, so that all fluid lost from the core plate 102 enters the fluid loss test port 107 through the fluid loss passage.
A rotary drive means 6 (e.g. a rotary motor) is connected to the hammer 103 to drive the hammer 103 to rotate in the kettle body 101 in the axial direction of the hammer 103, simulating a drilling process.
The torque meter 7 is provided on the rotary drive unit and is capable of monitoring the torque between the hammer 103 and the core plate 102 in real time.
The X-axis dragging worm box 5 is arranged along the X-axis direction and connected with the kettle body 101 or the measuring hammer 103 so that the measuring hammer 103 moves axially along the measuring hammer 103 in the kettle body 101. For example, when the X-axis dragging worm box 5 is connected with the kettle body 101, the measuring hammer 103 can be kept stationary in the X-axis direction, and the kettle body 101 is pulled by the X-axis dragging worm box 5 to move along the X-axis direction, so that the relative movement in the X-axis direction between the kettle body 101 and the measuring hammer 103 occurs. When the X-axis dragging worm box 5 is connected with the measuring hammer 103, the kettle body 101 can be kept still in the X-axis direction, and the measuring hammer 103 is dragged to move along the X-axis direction through the X-axis dragging worm box 5, so that the kettle body 101 and the measuring hammer 103 generate X-axis relative movement.
The Z-axis tension and compression cylinder 9 is fixedly arranged on the kettle body along the Z-axis direction and can adjust the pressure between the core plate 102 and the measuring hammer 103. The tension and pressure sensor 8 is arranged on the Z-axis tension and pressure cylinder 9 and can display the tension and pressure of the Z-axis tension and pressure cylinder 9.
In the present exemplary embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, the test system may further include a fixed frame 10, and the X-axis drag worm box 5, the rotary driving part 6, the test kettle, and the Z-axis tension and compression cylinder 9 are all disposed inside the fixed frame 10. The left end of the X-axis dragging worm box 5 is fixedly arranged on the left side of the fixed frame 10, and the right end of the X-axis dragging worm box is fixed on the non-rotating part of the rotary driving part 6. The rotary output part of the rotary driving component 6 is fixedly connected with the left end of the measuring hammer 103. The right end of the kettle body 101 is fixedly arranged on the right side of the fixed frame 10.
In the present exemplary embodiment, further, as shown in fig. 2, the test system may further include a sliding shaft 1001, a sliding sleeve 1002, and a fixing bolt 1003.
The sliding shaft is fixedly arranged with the fixed frame 10 along the X-axis direction, the sliding sleeve 1002 is arranged on the sliding shaft 1001, and the right end of the X-axis dragging worm box 5 is fixed with the non-rotating part of the rotating driving component 6 through the sliding sleeve 1002.
The left end of an X-axis dragging worm box 5 is fixedly arranged on the left side of a fixed frame 10, the right end of the X-axis dragging worm box is fixed with a non-rotating part of a rotary driving part 6, the non-rotating part of the rotary driving part 6 is connected with a sliding sleeve 1002 through a sliding shaft 1001, and the sliding sleeve 1002 is arranged on the sliding shaft 1001. The fixing bolt 1003 fixes both ends of the sliding shaft to the fixing frame 10. The rotary output part of the rotary driving component 6 is fixedly connected with the left end of the measuring hammer 103, and the right end of the kettle body 101 is fixedly arranged on the right side of the fixed frame 10.
As shown in fig. 2 and fig. 3, the testing system may further include a rotating rack 11, where the rotating rack 11 includes a rack body 1101 and a rotating shaft 1102, the rack body 1101 is composed of a base and a vertical supporting rack, and the rotating shaft 1102 pivotally connects the rectangular fixing frame 10 and the rack body 1101 so that the box can rotate 360 ° in a vertical plane with respect to the rack body 1101.
In the present exemplary embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the test system may further include a heating jacket, a temperature sensor 3, and a pressure sensor 4, all of which are disposed on the test kettle. Wherein, the heating jacket can heat the test kettle, and temperature sensor 3 and pressure sensor 4 can test temperature and pressure in the test kettle.
In this exemplary embodiment, the hammer may be cylindrical and the core plate may be a hollow cylinder, the core plate may be disposed around the hammer.
In the present exemplary embodiment, the core plate may be one of a steel core, a natural core, an artificial core, and a quartz core.
In the present exemplary embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the test system may further include a slurry injection unit 12 connected to the slurry inlet 1201 and the slurry outlet 1202, respectively, to inject slurry into the test tank and circulate the slurry returned from the hammer tank.
In this exemplary embodiment, the test system may further include a back pressure unit coupled to the fluid loss leak to apply back pressure to the test tank.
In the present exemplary embodiment, as shown in fig. 1 to 4, the test system may further include a parameter control and acquisition unit, and the parameter control and acquisition unit is respectively connected to the test kettle 1, the X axial dragging worm box 5, the rotation driving component 6, the torquer 7, the tension and pressure sensor 8, and the Z axial tension and pressure cylinder 9 to control the test kettle 1, the X axial dragging worm box 5, the rotation driving component 6, the torquer 7, the tension and pressure sensor 8, and the Z axial tension and pressure cylinder.
In a third exemplary embodiment of the invention, the testing method for the lubricating performance of the drilling fluid of the horizontal well and the extended reach well can be implemented by the testing system for the lubricating performance of the drilling fluid of the horizontal well and the extended reach well described in the first or second exemplary embodiment. The method comprises the following steps:
setting the positions of the core plate and the measuring hammer and the pressure between the core plate and the measuring hammer according to the experimental scheme, and opening the heating sleeve to set the temperature of the test kettle; setting the back pressure of the test kettle, setting the dragging force, dragging speed and maximum dragging distance of the X-axis dragging worm box, injecting slurry into the test kettle according to the set pressure and flow at the rotating speed of the rotary driving part, simultaneously opening the rotary driving part to drive the measuring hammer to rotate, opening the torquemeter to test the torque, and recording the filtration loss of the slurry; and opening an X-axis dragging worm box, adjusting the relative position between the measuring hammer and the core plate, simulating drilling, and testing the lubricating performance of the drilling fluid by monitoring the torque between the measuring hammer and the core plate in real time through a torquemeter. Specifically, the method comprises the following steps:
s1: according to the experimental scheme, the positions of a rock core plate and a measuring hammer are set, a Z-axis tension and compression air cylinder is adjusted according to preset parameters, a tension and pressure sensor displays preset tension pressure, and a heat insulation sleeve is opened to set the temperature of a test kettle;
s2: connecting a slurry injection system to a slurry inlet of a test kettle, connecting a slurry outlet of the test kettle to a slurry circulating pump, connecting a back pressure system to a filtration port according to preset parameters, setting the back pressure, connecting a filtration pipeline, connecting a balance to a computer, preparing to record data in real time, setting the dragging force, dragging speed and maximum dragging distance of an X-axis dragging worm box, setting the rotating speed of a rotary driving part, and opening a torque meter and connecting a recorder;
s3: opening a mud injection system, injecting mud into the test kettle according to set pressure and flow, simultaneously opening a rotary driving part, enabling the measuring hammer to start rotating, enabling the torquemeter to start recording torque, opening an X axial dragging worm box, enabling the X axial dragging worm box to adjust the horizontal displacement of the measuring hammer or the test kettle, enabling the measuring hammer and a rock core plate to be adjusted to be direct relative positions, simulating drilling, and testing the lubricating performance of the drilling fluid by monitoring the torque between the measuring hammer and the rock core plate in real time through the torquemeter.
The test kettle temperature, pressure, mud injection pressure and flow, back pressure size, the power of pulling, the speed of pulling that the worm case was pulled in the X axial, the rotational speed of rotary drive part, Z axial are drawn and are pressed cylinder and draw pressure parameter and pass through computer and automatic adjustment controller remote control to convenient quick completion experiment. The temperature and pressure of the test kettle, the injection pressure and flow of slurry, the pressure of back pressure, the dragging force and dragging speed of an X-axis dragging worm box, the rotating speed of a rotary driving part and the tension and pressure parameters of a Z-axis tension and pressure cylinder can be adjusted and controlled by a computer.
In the exemplary embodiment, the temperature of the test kettle can be 25-150 ℃ and the pressure can be 10-15 MPa, the injection pressure of the slurry can be 7-10 MPa and the flow can be 10-15L/min, the pressure of the back pressure can be 7-10 MPa, the dragging force of the X axial dragging worm box can be 0-1000N, the dragging speed can be 0-2 cm/s, the rotating speed of the rotary driving part can be 0-400 r/min, and the pulling pressure of the Z axial pulling and pressing air cylinder can be 0-1000N, which are adjusted and controlled by a computer.
In the present exemplary embodiment, the experimental method may further include the step of performing a differential pressure stuck drill test:
in the drilling process, the pressure between the rock core plate and the measuring hammer is adjusted or high-density drilling fluid is used, so that differential pressure drill sticking is formed in the drilling process; after waiting for a preset time, increasing the torque of the measuring hammer, recording the torque when the measuring hammer restarts drilling, and evaluating the difficulty of starting the drill bit (measuring hammer) after the drill bit is stuck due to pressure difference under different conditions.
Specifically, in horizontal well drilling, a downhole drilling tool is close to a lower well wall under the action of gravity, parts of a drilling string are attached to the well wall under the action of downhole pressure difference, the drilling string and a mud cake of the well wall are bonded together, the contact area between the drilling tool and the mud cake is larger as the standing time is longer, and the generated stuck drill is called as pressure difference stuck drill. During the experiment, in the drilling process, the pressure between the core plate and the measuring hammer is adjusted or high-density drilling fluid is used, so that differential pressure drill sticking is formed in the drilling process, and the stop time of the measuring hammer is recorded after the differential pressure drill sticking occurs. And restarting the measuring hammer, continuously increasing the torque of the measuring hammer, and recording the torque when the measuring hammer restarts to drill. The difficulty of starting the measuring hammer after the drill sticking occurs under different conditions can be obtained by changing the pressure difference, the density of the drilling fluid and the stalling time of the measuring hammer.
In summary, the beneficial effects of the invention include at least one of the following:
1) the invention discloses a drilling fluid lubricating property test system and a test experiment method for a horizontal well and a large-displacement well, wherein the pressure between a core plate and a measuring hammer is adjusted through a Z-axial tension and compression air cylinder, the measuring hammer is connected with a rotary driving part arranged outside a test kettle, the rotary driving part is used for controlling the rotating speed, an X-axial dragging worm box is connected with the test kettle or the measuring hammer, the X-axial dragging worm box is used for adjusting the horizontal displacement of the measuring hammer or the test kettle so as to adjust the direct relative position of the measuring hammer and the core plate, a torquer arranged on the rotary driving part is used for monitoring the torque between the measuring hammer and the core plate in real time, and the drilling fluid lubricating property is tested through the torque;
2) by the testing system and the testing experimental method disclosed by the invention, the lubricating performance of the drilling fluid can be tested, the differential pressure drill sticking test can be carried out, and the lubricating performance of mud at different inclination angles can be tested by the rotary support. Compared with the similar products, the performance is excellent, and the popularization and application prospect is better.
Although the present invention has been described above in connection with the exemplary embodiments and the accompanying drawings, it will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art that various modifications may be made to the above-described embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the claims.
Claims (15)
1. A testing system for the lubricating performance of drilling fluid of a horizontal well and a large-displacement well is characterized by comprising a testing kettle, an X-axis dragging worm box, a rotary driving component, a torquemeter, a tension and pressure sensor and a Z-axis tension and pressure cylinder, wherein,
the testing kettle comprises a kettle body, a core plate and a measuring hammer, wherein the kettle body is of a cylinder-shaped structure which is arranged along the X-axis direction and has two closed ends, a slurry inlet and a slurry outlet are respectively arranged on two sides of a cylinder, and a filtration test port is also arranged on the outer wall of the bottom of the cylinder;
the core plate and the measuring hammer are arranged inside the kettle body, wherein the measuring hammer is arranged in parallel to the X axis, and the core plate is in contact with the outer wall of the measuring hammer;
the rotary driving part is connected with the measuring hammer to drive the measuring hammer to rotate in the kettle body along the axial direction of the measuring hammer;
the torquemeter is arranged on the rotary driving component and can monitor the torque between the measuring hammer and the core plate in real time;
the X-axis dragging worm box is arranged along the X-axis direction and is connected with the kettle body or the measuring hammer so that the measuring hammer moves axially in the kettle body along the measuring hammer;
the Z-axis tension and compression cylinder is fixedly arranged on the kettle body along the Z-axis direction and can adjust the pressure between the core plate and the measuring hammer;
the tension and pressure sensor can measure the tension and pressure of the Z-axis tension and pressure cylinder.
2. The drilling fluid lubricating property test system for the horizontal well and the extended reach well according to claim 1, wherein the test system further comprises a fixed frame, the X-axis dragging worm box, the rotary driving component, the test kettle and the Z-axis pulling and pressing air cylinder are all arranged inside the fixed frame, wherein,
the left end of the X-axis dragging worm box is fixedly arranged with the left side of the fixed frame, and the right end of the X-axis dragging worm box is fixed with the non-rotating part of the rotary driving part;
the rotary output part of the rotary driving component is fixedly connected with the left end of the measuring hammer;
the right end of the kettle body is fixedly arranged on the right side of the fixed frame.
3. The horizontal, extended reach well drilling fluid lubricity test system of claim 2, further comprising a sliding shaft and a sliding sleeve, wherein,
the sliding shaft is fixedly arranged with the fixed frame along the X-axis direction, the sliding sleeve is arranged on the sliding shaft, and the right end of the X-axis dragging worm box is fixed with the non-rotating part of the rotary driving part through the sliding sleeve.
4. The system for testing the lubricating performance of the drilling fluid of the horizontal well and the extended reach well according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the testing system further comprises a rotating bracket, the rotating bracket comprises a bracket body and a rotating shaft, and the rotating shaft is used for connecting the fixed frame and the bracket body in a rotating mode so that the box body can rotate 360 degrees in a vertical plane relative to the bracket body.
5. The system for testing the lubricating property of the drilling fluid of the horizontal well and the extended reach well according to claim 1, wherein the testing kettle further comprises a holder and a hanging basket, the holder fixes the core plate, the holder is provided with an opening through which fluid passes, the hanging basket fixes the holder and the kettle body, a fluid loss channel is formed between the hanging basket and the holder, the opening is communicated with the fluid loss channel, and the fluid loss channel is communicated with the fluid loss test port.
6. The system for testing the lubricating property of the drilling fluid of the horizontal well and the extended reach well according to claim 1, wherein the testing system further comprises a heating sleeve, a temperature sensor and a pressure sensor, the heating sleeve can heat the testing kettle, and the temperature sensor and the pressure sensor can test the temperature and the pressure in the testing kettle.
7. The system for testing the lubricating property of the drilling fluid of the horizontal well and the extended reach well according to claim 1, wherein the measuring hammer is cylindrical, the core plate is a hollow cylinder, and the core plate is arranged around the measuring hammer.
8. The system for testing the lubricating property of the drilling fluid for the horizontal well and the extended reach well according to claim 1, wherein the core plate is one of a steel core, a natural core, an artificial core and a quartz core.
9. The system for testing the lubricating performance of the drilling fluid of the horizontal well and the extended reach well according to claim 1, wherein the testing system further comprises a mud injection unit, and the mud injection unit is respectively connected with the mud inlet and the mud outlet so as to inject mud into the testing kettle and perform mud circulation.
10. The system for testing the lubricating property of the drilling fluid of the horizontal well and the extended reach well according to claim 1, wherein the testing system further comprises a back pressure unit, and the back pressure unit is connected with the fluid loss leakage port to apply back pressure to the testing kettle.
11. The system for testing the lubricating property of the drilling fluid of the horizontal well and the extended reach well according to claim 1, wherein the testing system further comprises a parameter control and acquisition unit, and the parameter control and acquisition unit is respectively connected with the testing kettle, the X-axis dragging worm box, the rotary driving component, the torquer, the pull pressure sensor and the Z-axis pull pressure cylinder so as to control the testing kettle, the X-axis dragging worm box, the rotary driving component, the torquer, the pull pressure sensor and the Z-axis pull pressure cylinder.
12. A test experiment method for the lubricating performance of drilling fluid of a horizontal well and an extended reach well is characterized in that the test experiment method is realized by the test system for the lubricating performance of the drilling fluid of the horizontal well and the extended reach well according to any one of claims 1 to 11, and the test experiment method comprises the following steps:
setting the positions of the core plate and the measuring hammer and the pressure between the core plate and the measuring hammer according to the experimental scheme, and opening the heating sleeve to set the temperature of the test kettle;
setting the back pressure of the test kettle, setting the dragging force, dragging speed and maximum dragging distance of the X-axis dragging worm box, injecting slurry into the test kettle according to the set pressure and flow at the rotating speed of the rotary driving part, simultaneously opening the rotary driving part to drive the measuring hammer to rotate, opening the torquemeter to test the torque, and recording the filtration loss of the slurry;
and opening an X-axis dragging worm box, adjusting the relative position between the measuring hammer and the core plate, simulating drilling, and testing the lubricating performance of the drilling fluid by monitoring the torque between the measuring hammer and the core plate in real time through a torquemeter.
13. The test method for the lubricating property of the drilling fluid of the horizontal well and the extended reach well according to claim 12, wherein the temperature and the pressure of the test kettle, the injection pressure and the flow rate of mud, the pressure of back pressure, the dragging force and the dragging speed of an X-axis dragging worm box, the rotating speed of a rotary driving part and the tension and pressure parameters of a Z-axis tension and pressure cylinder are adjusted and controlled through a computer.
14. The test method for the lubricating property of the drilling fluid for the horizontal well and the extended reach well according to claim 12, wherein the temperature of the test kettle is 25-150 ℃, and the pressure is 10-15 MPa;
the injection pressure of the slurry is 7-10 MPa, the flow rate is 10-15L/min, and the back pressure is 7-10 MPa;
the dragging force of the X-axis dragging worm box is 0-1000N, and the dragging speed is 0-2 cm/s;
the rotating speed of the rotary driving part is 0-400 r/min, and the pulling pressure of the Z-axis pulling and pressing air cylinder is 0-1000N.
15. The testing method for the lubricating property of the drilling fluid of the horizontal well and the extended reach well according to claim 12, wherein the testing method further comprises the step of performing differential pressure stuck drilling test:
in the drilling process, the pressure between the rock core plate and the measuring hammer is adjusted or high-density drilling fluid is used, so that differential pressure drill sticking is formed in the drilling process;
after waiting for preset time, increasing the torque of the measuring hammer, recording the torque when the measuring hammer restarts drilling, and evaluating the difficulty of starting the drill bit after the drill bit is stuck due to pressure difference under different conditions.
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