CN114623924A - Ultrasonic cleaning transducer cavitation intensity measurement system and method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a system and a method for measuring cavitation intensity of an ultrasonic cleaning transducer, wherein the system comprises the ultrasonic cleaning transducer and is used for ultrasonic cleaning; the measuring water tank is used for placing the ultrasonic cleaning transducer; the signal source outputs a single-frequency continuous signal for the ultrasonic cleaning transducer, and enables the ultrasonic cleaning transducer to output an ultrasonic signal at a low power; a power amplifier; for amplifying a signal of a signal source; the hydrophone is used for scanning and measuring the sound pressure on a straight line, wherein the center position of the radiation surface of the ultrasonic cleaning transducer is vertical to the radiation surface of the ultrasonic cleaning transducer; a motion control system for controlling the movement of the hydrophones; and the data acquisition and analysis system is used for signal acquisition and data analysis. The method of the invention is simple to operate and convenient to implement; the measuring points can be accurately positioned, the movement speed of the hydrophone can be accurately controlled, the movement track of the hydrophone is set, and the intensity of cavitation activity generated by the ultrasonic cleaning transducer is more clearly and visually represented.
Description
The technical field is as follows:
the invention relates to the technical field of ultrasonic cavitation detection, in particular to a system and a method for measuring cavitation intensity of an ultrasonic cleaning transducer.
Background art:
among the many practical applications of power ultrasound, ultrasonic cleaning is one of the most widespread applications. Ultrasonic cleaning utilizes the physical, chemical, thermal and cavitation effects of ultrasound, with cavitation playing a key role. When the ultrasonic wave acts on the liquid medium in the cleaning tank, pressure fluctuation is generated in the sound field in the cleaning tank due to the action of the driving ultrasonic wave. As the power of the ultrasonic transducer increases, the pressure fluctuation in the sound field becomes larger, and negative pressure is generated in some areas, so that cavitation occurs. The processes of expansion, contraction, collapse and the like of the cavitation bubbles in the cleaning tank can generate mechanical impact force around the cleaning tank, and the impurities, oil stains and other dirt on the surface of the cleaned device are peeled off, so that the cleaning effect is achieved.
Air cavities and bubbles formed under the action of an alternating pressure field (acoustic field) are called acoustic cavitation, and such air cavities and bubbles are called cavitation bubbles. Acoustic cavitation may include a cavitation or a population of moving cavitation bubbles formed by excitation of an acoustic field. Acoustic cavitation is mainly of two types, depending on the lifetime and the rate of change of radius of the cavitation bubbles in the liquid medium: transient cavitation and stable cavitation. The bubbles with stable cavitation exist for a long time and are separately dispersed and distributed in the water tank. In the acoustic field environment of the ultrasonic cleaning tank, bubbles are generated and then mostly oscillate at a fixed position with a small amplitude. A small part of bubbles have larger oscillation amplitude or are broken after moving to the boundary in the sound field. Transient cavitation is related to cavitation effect, can generate extreme physical conditions in a liquid medium, and phenomena such as jet flow and the like, although the transient cavitation has a promoting effect on cleaning, the transient cavitation has strong destructive power and needs to attract attention. The common acoustic cavitations all include transient cavitation.
The cavitation threshold is the lowest pressure amplitude which can cause the liquid medium to generate cavitation, and the cavitation difficulty is generated in the reaction. The higher the cavitation threshold, the higher the required pressure amplitude, and the higher the difficulty of cavitation; the easier it is to reverse. The cavitation threshold at which cavitation occurs against van der waals forces under ideal conditions is referred to as the ideal cavitation threshold. In reality, minute impurities exist in the liquid, and gaps exist on the impurity particles, and a small amount of gas exists in the gaps. The gas in the gaps of these impurity particles, the gas in the gaps on the wall of the container, and the microbubbles in the liquid are referred to as cavitation nuclei, and cavitation due to pressure fluctuation in the cavitation nuclei is referred to as nucleated cavitation.
Cavitation noise is generated by linear and nonlinear pulsation of cavitation bubbles, formation and destruction of cavitation bubbles, and interaction between cavitation bubbles when cavitation occurs, and is always accompanied with the cavitation process. Under the action of high-power ultrasound, a large number of cavitation bubbles are generated in a compact liquid medium, and the cavitation bubbles can pulsate in a large amplitude. The large amplitude pulsations of the cavitation bubbles are highly nonlinear, which makes the acoustic spectrum of the noise it radiates very complex, containing harmonics, subharmonics, ultraharmonics, etc. The process of cavitation bubble collapse is more complex than steady state pulsing, thus leading to more complex spectral components. Stable cavitation micro-streaming occurs around the bubbles due to the oscillation of the bubbles and the expansion and contraction of the bubble walls. Meanwhile, cavitation noise contains harmonic waves and subharmonic waves, and super-harmonic waves can also appear along with the increase of cavitation intensity. Transient cavitation usually appears in the form of clusters, and bubbles are generated and then are rapidly broken out, and the process is repeated, so that bubble clouds are formed in a certain area. When transient cavitation occurs, broadband noise is generated, and the cavitation noise necessarily comprises harmonic waves, subharmonic waves, ultraharmonic waves and a continuous spectrum which indicates the existence of the transient cavitation.
The cavitation noise spectrum analysis method is a method for obtaining cavitation intensity by measuring and analyzing cavitation noise. The generation of cavitation noise is an important feature when cavitation occurs in a liquid medium. Cavitation noise is generated by linear and nonlinear pulsation of cavitation bubbles, formation and destruction of cavitation bubbles, and interaction between cavitation bubbles when cavitation occurs, and is always accompanied with the cavitation process. When ultrasonic cavitation occurs, the sound field is the superposition of the driving ultrasonic sound field and cavitation noise. Because the cavitation noise contains complex and diverse components, and the sources of the components are different, measuring the cavitation noise and analyzing the spectral components of the cavitation noise enable to know various parts of the cavitation process, including information of the onset, intensity, etc. of cavitation.
In the prior art, the design of ultrasonic cavitation field measurement is various, such as an underwater ultrasonic cavitation field characteristic measurement and visualization system and method with chinese patent application No. 202010996407.X, a cavitation field three-dimensional positioning device, a cavitation measurement device and method with chinese patent application No. 201610497510.3, and an ultrasonic cavitation noise signal measurement device and method with chinese patent application No. 201610239757.5. However, the above techniques are difficult to make the intensity of the cavitation activity generated by the ultrasonic cleaning transducer be more clearly and intuitively represented, and cannot realize the measurement of the steady-state cavitation intensity and the transient cavitation intensity of the cavitation generated by the ultrasonic cleaning transducer, so that the ultrasonic cleaning transducer cannot be in the optimal working state.
The invention content is as follows:
the technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a system for measuring the cavitation intensity of an ultrasonic cleaning transducer, which can measure the steady-state cavitation intensity and the transient-state cavitation intensity of cavitation generated by the ultrasonic cleaning transducer, adjust the power of the ultrasonic cleaning transducer accordingly, optimize the working state of the ultrasonic cleaning transducer, and simultaneously, more clearly and intuitively express the intensity of cavitation activity generated by the ultrasonic cleaning transducer.
The technical scheme of the invention is to provide a system for measuring cavitation intensity of an ultrasonic cleaning transducer, which comprises
The ultrasonic cleaning transducer is used for ultrasonic cleaning work;
the measuring water tank is used for placing the ultrasonic cleaning transducer;
the signal source outputs a single-frequency continuous signal for the ultrasonic cleaning transducer, and enables the ultrasonic cleaning transducer to output an ultrasonic signal at a low power;
a power amplifier; for amplifying a signal of a signal source;
the hydrophone is used for scanning and measuring the sound pressure on a straight line, wherein the center position of the radiation surface of the ultrasonic cleaning transducer is vertical to the radiation surface of the ultrasonic cleaning transducer;
a motion control system for controlling the movement of the hydrophones;
and the data acquisition and analysis system is used for signal acquisition and data analysis, and calculating the harmonic noise level of the corresponding harmonic wave generated by cavitation in a line spectrum extraction mode through analyzing the cavitation noise spectrum.
Preferably, the data acquisition and analysis system comprises an oscilloscope, an acquisition card and a computer, the sampling rate of the oscilloscope and the acquisition card is not lower than 2MHz/s, and the computer analyzes cavitation noise signals received by the hydrophone acquired by the acquisition card.
Preferably, the working frequency of the ultrasonic cleaning transducer is 20 kHz-30 kHz or 40 kHz-50 kHz. The ultrasonic cleaning transducer is packaged in the metal shell by a plurality of ultrasonic vibrators. The ultrasonic cleaning transducer is provided with a signal by a signal source, and the power amplifier amplifies the signal and sends out ultrasonic waves through the ultrasonic cleaning transducer.
Preferably, the motion control system is a motion mechanism fixed on the wall of the measuring tank, and is composed of a motion guide rail, a stepping motor, a connecting device and a program control device, and can drive the hydrophone to move along x (the width of the measuring tank), y (the length of the measuring tank), z (vertical) and theta (rotation with the z direction as an axis).
Preferably, the motion system can be controlled manually or can be programmed and driven by a motor to move.
Preferably, the connecting device comprises a connecting rod, and the hydrophone is fixed on the connecting rod so as to be accurately positioned at a certain point or move according to a certain set motion track.
Furthermore, the size of the measuring water tank is larger than that of the ultrasonic cleaning transducer, and the material of the water tank wall is organic glass. After the ultrasonic cleaning transducer is placed in the measuring water tank, the transducer needs to have enough depth above the transducer.
The invention also provides a method for measuring the cavitation intensity of the ultrasonic cleaning transducer, which comprises the following steps,
step 4, taking the maximum sound pressure point measured on the measurement straight line in the step 3 as a single-point cavitation intensity measurement point, and taking a plane where the point is positioned and parallel to the radiation surface of the ultrasonic cleaning transducer as a track plane for scanning cavitation intensity measurement;
In the formula, Fm(f) Is the amplitude spectrum of the mth segment of the segmented data. Then extracting the line spectrum of the fundamental wave and each order harmonic wave, and obtaining the amplitude U of the line spectrumnCalculating the sound pressure p of fundamental wave and each order harmonic wavenThe calculation formula is
In the formula, MnThe sensitivity of the hydrophone to the corresponding frequency. The fundamental sound pressure level and the harmonic noise levels of each order are then calculated from equation (1). Is calculated by the formula
Finally, the L obtained from each data segmentCN-nAnd averaging to obtain the fundamental wave sound pressure level average value and the harmonic noise level average value of each order. Is calculated by the formula
Step 7, calculating 2.5 times harmonic noise level (L) of each power point from step 6CN-2.5) And 2.25 times harmonic noise level (L)CN-2.25) Respectively drawing a harmonic-input electric power graph, representing the start of steady-state cavitation by 2.5 times of harmonic wave, taking the change point of the growth rate after 2.25 times of harmonic wave appears as the start of transient cavitation, and judging the threshold values of steady-state cavitation and transient cavitation according to the obtained result;
step 8, setting a motion control system to enable the hydrophone to pass through a sound field above the ultrasonic cleaning transducer at a slow speed according to a zigzag path, wherein the path needs to be located on the plane selected in the step 4, and the plane starts from a certain vertex angle of the radiation surface of the ultrasonic cleaning transducer corresponding to the plane, penetrates through the whole transducer and ends at the opposite angle of the corner;
step 9, adjusting a signal source and a power amplifier to enable the ultrasonic cleaning transducer to be in a cleaning working condition to be detected, collecting acoustic signals received in the motion process of the hydrophone by using a collecting card, and calculating the spatial average harmonic noise level (L) of 2.5 times measured in the motion process of the hydrophone by the step 6CN-2.5) And 2.25 times harmonic noise level (L)CN-2.25)；
And 10, comparing the result obtained in the step 9 with a steady-state cavitation threshold value and a transient cavitation threshold value, if the result is smaller than the steady-state/transient cavitation threshold value, indicating that no steady-state/transient cavitation occurs, and if the result is larger than the steady-state/transient cavitation threshold value, indicating the cavitation intensity by the difference between the average harmonic noise level of each space and each cavitation threshold value.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages after adopting the scheme:
(a) the method is simple to operate and convenient to implement;
(b) the measuring points can be accurately positioned, the motion speed of the hydrophone can be accurately controlled, and the motion track of the hydrophone can be set;
(c) according to the characteristics of ultrasonic cavitation and cavitation noise, the difference between the harmonic noise level corresponding to different types of cavitation and the harmonic noise level corresponding to the cavitation threshold value is used for representing the cavitation intensity, and the intensity of the cavitation activity generated by the ultrasonic cleaning transducer is more clearly and intuitively represented; the measurement of the steady-state cavitation intensity and the transient-state cavitation intensity of the cavitation generated by the ultrasonic cleaning transducer is realized, and the power of the ultrasonic cleaning transducer can be adjusted accordingly to ensure that the working state of the ultrasonic cleaning transducer is optimal;
(d) the cavitation intensity is expressed as a spatial average of the harmonic noise level, better representing the overall situation of measured tank cavitation.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an ultrasonic cleaning transducer cavitation intensity measurement system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graphical representation of the 2.5 harmonic noise level and 2.25 harmonic noise level measurements of the present invention;
wherein: 1. ultrasonically cleaning the transducer; 2. measuring the water tank; 3. a hydrophone; 4. a motion control system; 5. a power amplifier; 6. a signal source; 7. an oscilloscope; 8. collecting cards; 9. and (4) a computer.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the invention will be further described with respect to specific embodiments in conjunction with the following drawings:
as shown in FIG. 1, an ultrasonic cleaning transducer cavitation intensity measurement system comprises
The ultrasonic cleaning transducer 1 is used for ultrasonic cleaning work;
the measuring water tank 2 is used for placing the ultrasonic cleaning transducer 1;
the signal source 6 outputs a single-frequency continuous signal for the ultrasonic cleaning transducer 1, and enables the ultrasonic cleaning transducer 1 to output an ultrasonic signal at a low power;
a power amplifier 5; for amplifying the signal of the signal source 6;
the hydrophone 3 is used for scanning and measuring the sound pressure on a straight line, wherein the center position of the radiation surface of the ultrasonic cleaning transducer 5 is vertical to the radiation surface of the ultrasonic cleaning transducer;
a motion control system 4 for controlling the movement of the hydrophones 3;
and the oscilloscope 7, the acquisition card 8 and the computer 9, wherein the sampling rate of the oscilloscope 7 and the acquisition card 8 is not lower than 2MHz/s, and the computer 9 analyzes the cavitation noise signals received by the hydrophone acquired by the acquisition card.
The hydrophone is fixed on a connecting rod of the motion control system, adjusted to a proper position above the ultrasonic cleaning transducer, and analyzed by a computer and collected by a collection card to obtain cavitation noise signals received by the hydrophone. The hydrophones preferably have sufficient bandwidth, have sufficient sensitivity between about 20kHz and 200kHz, and are sufficiently robust to withstand cavitation erosion and acoustic pressure impact when the ultrasonic cleaning transducer is operated at high power. Meanwhile, the impedance of the power amplifier should be matched with the ultrasonic cleaning transducer as much as possible, the power amplifier works stably when outputting high power, and the power amplifier is provided with a monitoring interface for outputting voltage and current.
In this embodiment, the working frequency of the ultrasonic cleaning transducer is 20kHz to 30 kHz. The ultrasonic cleaning transducer provides signals by a signal source, and the power amplifier amplifies the signals and sends ultrasonic waves by the ultrasonic cleaning transducer.
The motion control system is a motion mechanism fixed on the wall of the measuring water tank, and consists of a motion guide rail, a stepping motor, a connecting device and a program control device, and can drive the hydrophone to move along x (the width of the water tank), y (the length of the water tank), z (vertical) and theta (rotation taking the z direction as an axis). The control mode can be manually controlled to move, and can also be program controlled and driven by a motor to move.
The connecting device comprises a connecting rod, and the hydrophone is fixed on the connecting rod, so that the hydrophone can be accurately positioned at a certain point or can move according to a certain set motion track.
Furthermore, the size of the measuring water tank is larger than that of the ultrasonic cleaning transducer, and the material of the water tank wall is organic glass. After the ultrasonic cleaning transducer is placed in the measuring water tank, the transducer needs to have enough depth above the transducer.
The invention also provides a method for measuring the cavitation intensity of the ultrasonic cleaning transducer, which comprises the following steps,
step 4, taking the maximum sound pressure point measured on the measurement straight line in the step 3 as a single-point cavitation intensity measurement point, and taking a plane where the point is positioned and parallel to the radiation surface of the ultrasonic cleaning transducer as a track plane for scanning cavitation intensity measurement;
In the formula, Fm(f) Is the amplitude spectrum of the mth segment of the segmented data. Then extracting the line spectrum of the fundamental wave and each order harmonic wave, and obtaining the amplitude U of the line spectrumnCalculating the sound pressure p of fundamental wave and each order harmonic wavenMeter for measuringThe formula is
In the formula, MnThe sensitivity of the hydrophone to the corresponding frequency. The fundamental sound pressure level and the harmonic noise levels of each order are then calculated from equation (1). Is calculated by the formula
Finally, the L obtained from each data segmentCN-nAnd averaging to obtain the fundamental wave sound pressure level average value and the harmonic noise level average value of each order. Is calculated by the formula
Step 7, calculating 2.5 times harmonic noise level (L) of each power point by step 6CN-2.5) And 2.25 times harmonic noise level (L)CN-2.25) Respectively drawing a harmonic-input electric power graph, expressing the start of steady-state cavitation by 2.5 times of harmonic, taking the change point of the growth rate after 2.25 times of harmonic as the start of transient cavitation, and judging the threshold values of steady-state cavitation and transient cavitation according to the obtained result;
step 8, setting a motion control system to enable the hydrophone to pass through a sound field above the ultrasonic cleaning transducer at a slow speed according to a zigzag path, wherein the path needs to be located on the plane selected in the step 4, and the hydrophone starts from a certain vertex angle of the radiation surface of the ultrasonic cleaning transducer corresponding to the plane, passes through the whole transducer and ends at the opposite angle of the corner;
step 9, adjusting a signal source and a power amplifier to enable the ultrasonic cleaning transducer to be in a cleaning working condition to be detected, collecting acoustic signals received in the motion process of the hydrophone by using a collecting card, and calculating the spatial average harmonic noise level (L) of 2.5 times measured in the motion process of the hydrophone according to the step 6CN-2.5) And 2.25 times harmonic noise level (L)CN-2.25)；
And 10, comparing the result obtained in the step 9 with a steady-state cavitation threshold value and a transient cavitation threshold value, if the result is smaller than the steady-state/transient cavitation threshold value, indicating that no steady-state/transient cavitation occurs, and if the result is larger than the steady-state/transient cavitation threshold value, indicating the cavitation intensity by the difference between the average harmonic noise level of each space and each cavitation threshold value.
The calculation formulas of the steady-state cavitation intensity Ic-s and the transient cavitation intensity Ic-t are
Ic-s＝LCN-2.5-LCN-2.5-threshold
Ic-t＝LCN-2.25-LCN-2.25-threshold
As shown in fig. 2, the dark (dot marked) curve is a 2.5 times harmonic noise level versus input electric power curve, and the light (diamond marked) curve is a 2.25 times harmonic noise level versus input electric power curve; the 2.5 times harmonic noise level is higher than the bottom noise when the input electric power of the ultrasonic cleaning transducer is about 42W, and at the moment, stable cavitation occurs, and the point is a stable cavitation threshold point; after 2.25 times of harmonic noise level appears, the increasing rate is reduced when the input electric power of the ultrasonic cleaning transducer is about 150W, and transient cavitation appears at the moment, and the point is a transient cavitation threshold point.
The invention can make the intensity of the cavitation activity generated by the ultrasonic cleaning transducer be more clearly and visually represented; meanwhile, the measurement of the steady-state cavitation intensity and the transient-state cavitation intensity of cavitation generated by the ultrasonic cleaning transducer is realized, and the power of the ultrasonic cleaning transducer can be adjusted accordingly, so that the working state of the ultrasonic cleaning transducer is optimal.
The foregoing is illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention only and is not to be construed as limiting the claims. All the equivalent structures or equivalent process changes made by the description of the invention are included in the scope of the patent protection of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides an ultrasonic cleaning transducer cavitation intensity measurement system which characterized in that: the system comprises
The ultrasonic cleaning transducer is used for ultrasonic cleaning work;
the measuring water tank is used for placing the ultrasonic cleaning transducer;
the signal source outputs a single-frequency continuous signal for the ultrasonic cleaning transducer, and enables the ultrasonic cleaning transducer to output an ultrasonic signal at a low power;
a power amplifier; for amplifying a signal of a signal source;
the hydrophone is used for scanning and measuring the sound pressure on a straight line, wherein the center position of the radiation surface of the ultrasonic cleaning transducer is vertical to the radiation surface of the ultrasonic cleaning transducer;
a motion control system for controlling the movement of the hydrophones;
and the data acquisition and analysis system is used for signal acquisition and data analysis, and calculating the harmonic noise level of the corresponding harmonic wave generated by cavitation in a line spectrum extraction mode through analyzing the cavitation noise spectrum.
2. The ultrasonic cleaning transducer cavitation intensity measurement system of claim 1, characterized by: the data acquisition and analysis system comprises an oscilloscope, an acquisition card and a computer, wherein the sampling rate of the oscilloscope and the acquisition card is not lower than 2MHz/s, and the computer analyzes cavitation noise signals received by the hydrophone acquired by the acquisition card.
3. The ultrasonic cleaning transducer cavitation intensity measurement system of claim 1, characterized by: the working frequency of the ultrasonic cleaning transducer is 20 kHz-30 kHz or 40 kHz-50 kHz.
4. The ultrasonic cleaning transducer cavitation intensity measurement system of claim 1, characterized by: the motion control system is fixed on the wall of the measuring water tank, consists of a motion guide rail, a stepping motor, a connecting device and a program control device, and can drive the hydrophone to move along the width direction of the water tank, the length direction of the water tank, the vertical direction of the water tank and the direction rotating by taking the vertical direction of the water tank as an axis.
5. The ultrasonic cleaning transducer cavitation intensity measurement system of claim 4, characterized by: the motion system can be controlled manually or controlled by program and driven by a motor to move.
6. The ultrasonic cleaning transducer cavitation intensity measurement system of claim 4, characterized by: the connecting device comprises a connecting rod, and the hydrophone is fixed on the connecting rod, so that the hydrophone can be accurately positioned at a certain point or can move according to a certain set motion trail.
7. The ultrasonic cleaning transducer cavitation intensity measurement system of claim 1, characterized by: the size of the measuring flume is larger than that of the ultrasonic cleaning transducer, and the flume wall material is organic glass.
8. A method for measuring cavitation intensity of an ultrasonic cleaning transducer is characterized by comprising the following steps: comprises the following steps of (a) carrying out,
step 1, placing an ultrasonic cleaning transducer with an upward radiation surface at the central position of the bottom of a measuring water tank, fixing a hydrophone on a connecting rod of a motion control system, adjusting the motion control system to enable the hydrophone to be located at the central position of the radiation surface of the ultrasonic cleaning transducer, and adding sufficient water into the water tank;
step 2, setting a signal source, adjusting the gear of a power amplifier, enabling the signal source to output a single-frequency continuous signal of the resonant frequency of the ultrasonic cleaning transducer, and enabling the ultrasonic cleaning transducer to output an ultrasonic signal at a low power;
step 3, setting a program of a motion control system, scanning and measuring the sound pressure on a straight line, perpendicular to the radiation surface of the transducer, of the center position of the radiation surface of the ultrasonic cleaning transducer point by point from near to far by a hydrophone, wherein the scanning interval is smaller than lambda/6;
step 4, taking the maximum sound pressure point measured on the measurement straight line in the step 3 as a single-point cavitation intensity measurement point, and taking a plane where the point is positioned and parallel to the radiation surface of the ultrasonic cleaning transducer as a track plane for scanning cavitation intensity measurement;
step 5, single-point measurement, namely measuring from small input electric power, recording acoustic signals received by the hydrophones by using an acquisition card during measurement, then adjusting a signal source and a power amplifier, gradually increasing the input electric power, acquiring the acoustic signals received by the hydrophones of each power point by using the acquisition card, and simultaneously monitoring the input electric power of the ultrasonic cleaning transducer;
step 6, analyzing the collected signals by a computer, dividing the data into m sections in the analyzing process, and carrying out f-section analysis on each section of datam(t) obtaining an amplitude spectrum by the following calculation formula
In the formula, Fm(f) Is the amplitude spectrum of the mth segment of the segmented data. Then extracting the line spectrum of the fundamental wave and each order harmonic wave, and obtaining the amplitude U of the line spectrumnCalculating the sound pressure p of fundamental wave and each order harmonic wavenThe calculation formula is
In the formula, MnThe sensitivity of the hydrophone to the corresponding frequency. The fundamental sound pressure level and the harmonic noise levels of each order are then calculated from equation (1). Is calculated by the formula
Finally, the L obtained from each data segmentCN-nAnd averaging to obtain the fundamental wave sound pressure level average value and the harmonic noise level average value of each order. Is calculated by the formula
Step 7, calculating 2.5 times harmonic noise level (L) of each power point by step 6CN-2.5) And 2.25 times harmonic noise level (L)CN-2.25) Respectively drawing a harmonic-input electric power graph, representing the start of steady-state cavitation by 2.5 times of harmonic occurrence and 2.25 times of harmonic occurrenceAfter the transient cavitation occurs, the change point of the growth rate is the initial transient cavitation, and the threshold values of the steady-state cavitation and the transient cavitation are judged according to the obtained result;
step 8, setting a motion control system to enable the hydrophone to pass through a sound field above the ultrasonic cleaning transducer at a slow speed according to a zigzag path, enabling the path to be located on the plane selected in the step 4, starting from a certain vertex angle of the radiation surface of the ultrasonic cleaning transducer corresponding to the plane, penetrating through the whole ultrasonic cleaning transducer, and ending at the opposite corner of the corner;
step 9, adjusting a signal source and a power amplifier to enable the ultrasonic cleaning transducer to be in a cleaning working condition to be detected, collecting acoustic signals received in the motion process of the hydrophone by using a collecting card, and calculating the spatial average harmonic noise level (L) of 2.5 times measured in the motion process of the hydrophone by the step 6CN-2.5) And 2.25 times harmonic noise level (L)CN-2.25)；
And 10, comparing the result obtained in the step 9 with a steady-state cavitation threshold value and a transient cavitation threshold value, if the result is smaller than the steady-state/transient cavitation threshold value, indicating that no steady-state/transient cavitation occurs, and if the result is larger than the steady-state/transient cavitation threshold value, indicating the cavitation intensity by the difference between the average harmonic noise level of each space and each cavitation threshold value.
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